Central burner for multi-fuel multiple lance burner system

Abstract

The invention relates to a central burner for multi-fuel multiple lance burner systems having a central lance with an inner pipe and an outer pipe. The inner pipe and the outer pipe form an annular clearance duct. A plurality of outer lances are arranged around the central lance. A funnel-like mixing device is provided in the extension of the annular clearance duct in the region of the end of the inner pipe. This funnel-like mixing device has openings in its wall for combustion media to flow through. The outer lances each have a nozzle which has openings along the lateral circumferential area, said openings being arranged asymmetrically.

Claims

1. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner, which is formed without a start burner and comprising a central burner for multi-fuel multiple lance burner systems, having a central lance with an inner pipe and an outer pipe which are provided coaxially relative to each other, wherein the inner pipe and the outer pipe are arranged spaced apart from each other in the radial direction to form an annular clearance duct, and combustion media can be conveyable through the annular clearance duct, wherein the outer pipe of the central lance extends from a first feed chamber to a combustion chamber, wherein a plurality of outer lances are arranged around the central lance, said outer lances extending from at least a second feed chamber to the combustion chamber, wherein the outer pipe extends further into the combustion chamber than the inner pipe, wherein a funnel-like mixing device is provided in the extension of the annular clearance duct in the region of the end of the inner pipe, said mixing device having an opening in the region of the end of the inner pipe, said opening corresponding substantially to the diameter of the inner pipe, wherein the mixing device has in the extension of the annular clearance duct at its end an opening which is larger than the diameter of the inner pipe and smaller than the diameter of the outer pipe, wherein openings for combustion media to flow through are provided in the wall of the mixing device, wherein a nozzle is provided on each outer lance, said nozzle having at least lateral openings arranged distributed asymmetrically along the lateral circumferential area of the nozzle, wherein the outer lances and/or the nozzles of the outer lances are formed to be axially rotatable in order to influence the position of the openings of the nozzles, wherein an impeller is provided which is formed in the region between the inner wall of a central burner pipe or the inner wall of a burner outer pipe and the outer pipe of the central lance, and wherein the impeller is formed to be axially displaceable, and wherein the multi-fuel multiple lance burner is characterised in that the outer lances are arranged at an equal radial distance from the central lance, in particular in a ring-like manner.

2. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 1, characterised in that swirl means are provided on the inner wall of the outer pipe and/or on the outer wall of the mixing device.

3. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the inner pipe is terminated with a nozzle which has openings in the axial and/or radial direction.

4. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the central burner is arranged within the central burner pipe.

5. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 1, characterised in that swirl means are provided on the inner wall of the central burner pipe.

6. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 1, characterised in that second fuel lances are arranged around the central burner pipe and the second fuel lances are formed from two pipes arranged one inside the other.

7. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 1, characterised in that second fuel lances are provided arranged around the central burner at an equal radial distance from the central lance, in particular in a ring-like manner.

8. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the second fuel lances are formed by a single pipe and have an end nozzle.

9. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the burner outer pipe is provided surrounding the second fuel lances.

10. Multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to claim 9, characterised in that swirl means are provided on the inner wall of the burner outer pipe.

Description

(1) The invention will be explained in greater detail below by reference to exemplary embodiments and schematic drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a perspective sectional view of a first multi-fuel multiple lance burner with a central burner according to the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a perspective sectional view of a second multi-fuel multiple lance burner with a central burner according to the invention;

(5) FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the multi-fuel multiple lance burner according to FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5 shows a section through a nozzle of an outer lance; and

(7) FIG. 6 shows an illustration to demonstrate the operation of a hot gas generator with a multi-fuel multiple lance burner with a central burner according to the invention.

(8) FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a multi-fuel multiple lance burner 100 with a central burner 1 according to the invention once in a perspective view, which is partially cut away, and once in a sectional view.

(9) The central burner 1 is formed from a central lance 10, outer lances 21 surrounding it and a central burner pipe 101 outwardly terminating the central burner 1.

(10) The central lance 10 has an inner pipe 11 and an outer pipe 12. These are arranged coaxially with respect to each other in such a way that an annular clearance duct 13 is formed between the outer side of the inner pipe 11 and the inner side of the outer pipe 12. The outer pipe 12 extends further in the direction of a combustion chamber 60 than the inner pipe 11. At the end of the inner pipe 11 a mixing device 14 is provided. This is formed like a funnel.

(11) The mixing device 14 is provided with its first end in the end region of the inner pipe 11 and has a diameter corresponding substantially to that of the inner pipe 11. In the direction towards the opposite end of the mixing device 14, the latter widens in the manner of a funnel. Recesses, in particular holes, are provided in the wall of the mixing device 14.

(12) Swirl means 15 in the form of swirl plates are arranged on the inner side of the outer pipe 12. Besides their actual function of causing turbulence of combustion air, they also serve for centring the mixing device 14 centrally over the inner pipe 11 of the central lance 10. Swirl means 16, for example again in the form of swirl plates, can also be provided on the outer side of the mixing device 14.

(13) The inner pipe 11 itself ends with a nozzle 17 in the region of the mixing device 14. This nozzle 17 has both axial and also radial openings. These openings preferably have such dimensions that a larger part of the medium flowing through the inner pipe 11 can exit in the axial direction than in the radial direction.

(14) A plurality of outer lances 21 are arranged in a ring around the outer pipe 12 of the central lance 10. They are at an equal distance from each other. The outer lances 21 are also respectively arranged at the same distance from the central axis of the multi-fuel multiple lance burner 100 which extends in the inner pipe 11.

(15) The outer lances 21 respectively end with a nozzle 22. Said nozzle 22 has a plurality of openings 23 which are radially arranged. The openings are hereby provided asymmetrically on the circumferential area of the nozzle 22, as schematically shown in FIG. 5.

(16) FIG. 5 shows a section through a nozzle 22 of an outer lance 21 in the region of the openings 23. It is hereby clear that the two openings 23 shown here are provided asymmetrically on the nozzle 22.

(17) The nozzle 22 and/or the outer lances 21 can be designed to be rotatable about their axis. It is hereby possible to orientate the openings 23 of the nozzle 22 as desired in relation to the central mid-axis of the multi-fuel multiple lance burner 100. With this orientation, the central burner 1 can be set to different multi-fuel multiple lance burners, as shown in FIG. 1 and later in FIG. 3. It is also hereby possible to minimise oscillations arising during operation.

(18) The central burner 1 ends in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 through a central burner pipe 101. Swirl means 102 in the form of swirl plates are in turn provided on the inner wall of the central burner pipe 101.

(19) The constructive design of the central burner 1 with the central lance 10 and the funnel-shaped mixing device 14 and the impeller 130 bring about a stepwise combustion of the combustion gas and an internal recirculation of the fluid flow. This allows the high control ratio of 1:40, since an extremely stable flame is facilitated by the internal recirculation and the staged combustion.

(20) A plurality of second fuel lances 110 are arranged around the central burner 1. These second fuel lances 110 each have an inner pipe 111 and an outer pipe 112 surrounding the inner pipe 111. The inner pipe 111 and the outer pipe 112 are orientated coaxially relative to each other so that an annular clearance duct 113 is formed between them. Swirl means 114 extending into the annular clearance duct 113 are provided in the end region of the inner pipe 111. The multi-fuel multiple lance burner 100 is outwardly terminated by a burner outer pipe 120.

(21) Furthermore an impeller 130 is provided between the central burner pipe 101 and the outer pipe 112 of the central lance 110. Said impeller 130 is formed similarly to a perforated plate. The outer lances 21 extend through the impeller 130. Furthermore the position of the impeller 130 can be axially changed. By means of this change the central burner 1 can be adapted to different multi-fuel multiple lance burners, as oscillations arising in the combustion chamber 60 can hereby be minimised. This is realised through the axial positioning of the impeller 130. In addition the impeller 130 homogenises the combustion air which is conveyed through an annular clearance duct 106 formed between the outer pipe 12 and the central burner pipe 101.

(22) The connection and operation of the multi-fuel multiple lance burner 100 are explained in detail below.

(23) The inner pipe 11 of the central lance 10 and the outer lances 21 are preferably connected to a feed for a first combustion gas, for example a natural gas supply. The inner pipes 111 of the second fuel lances 110 can be connected to a feed for a second combustion gas, for example synthesis gas. The annular clearance duct 113 and the annular clearance duct 106 which is formed between the outer pipe 12 of the central lance 10 and the central burner pipe 101 is connected to a combustion air supply. In general, an in particular gas-form oxygen carrier can be considered as combustion air within the scope of the invention.

(24) In principle the combustion air supplied here can be an O.sub.2-depleted gas in order to fulfil the requirement of the reduced oxygen content in a downstream grinding plant.

(25) In the embodiment shown here, the feed to the inner pipe 11 is realised directly, the feed to the annular clearance duct 13 via a feed chamber 61. The feed to the outer lances 21 is realised via a feed chamber 62. Combustion air is conveyed via a feed chamber 63 into the annular clearance duct 106. The feed of the second combustion gas to the inner pipes 111 of the second fuel lances 110 is realised via a feed chamber 161 and the feed of the combustion air to the annular clearance ducts 113 via a feed chamber 162.

(26) The feed of the first combustion gas to the inner pipe 11 of the central lance 10 and to the outer lances 121 is hereby provided in a fixed ratio, preferably in a range of 15%:85%. Similarly, the feed of the combustion air through the feed chambers 61 and 63 is set to a fixed ratio.

(27) An ignition device 30 is used to start the multi-fuel multiple lance burner 100. Said ignition device 30 is only provided for the actual, very short ignition process. The central burner 1 is ignited with it. Firstly the central burner 1 is operated at a very low stage, wherein fuel flows both through the inner pipe 11 of the central lance 12 and through the outer lances 21. Natural gas can be used for example as fuel. This is realised, as stated, with a very low power in order to heat a hot gas generator in which the burner is provided and to heat the downstream units. In this process the burner muffle of the hot gas generator extending around the combustion chamber 60 is also heated. As soon as the downstream units and the hot gas generator, in which the burner 100 is used, have been sufficiently heated themselves, a switchover into productive operation can take place. This switchover is realised merely through powering up the central burner 1. This means that it is supplied with more fuel and more combustion air.

(28) If the burner 100 is used for example as a hot gas generator for a coal grinding plant which is used for synthesis gas production, it takes some time until sufficient synthesis gas is available through the synthesis gas production to also operate the burner. As soon as this less expensive synthesis gas is available in a sufficient amount, the burner can be switched to synthesis operation. In this case synthesis gas is introduced through the inner pipes 111 of the second fuel lances 110. At the same time combustion air is fed through the annular clearance ducts 113. If a stable burning state is reached via the synthesis gas combustion, the central burner 1 can now be powered down and ideally switched off completely. This saves for example the natural gas necessary for its operation which is of a higher quality and hence more expensive. It is likewise possible to increase the combustion of the synthesis gas and at the same time reduce the combustion of the natural gas.

(29) FIGS. 3 and 4 show a different variant of a multi-fuel multiple lance burner 200 with a central burner 1 according to the invention. Details are provided below only concerning different configurations for the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2. The same components are identified by the same reference numerals.

(30) The essential difference between the multi-fuel multiple lance burner 200 and the multi-fuel multiple lance burner 100 is that a different type of second fuel lances 210 is used. These consist of an individual pipe 211 and have an end nozzle 212.

(31) A further difference from the burner 100 is that the burner 200 does not have a central burner pipe 101.

(32) For this, swirl means 221 in the form of guide plates are provided on a burner outer pipe 220. Furthermore an annular clearance duct 213 is formed between the burner outer pipe 220 and the outer pipe 12 of the central lance 11.

(33) According to this embodiment of the burner 20 an impeller 230 is provided in the region between the outer pipe 12 of the central lance 10 and the burner outer pipe 220. Similarly to the case of the burner 100, the outer lances 21 extend, in the same way as the second fuel lances 210, through the impeller 230. This impeller 230 can also be displaced in the axial direction in order to minimise oscillations which may arise in the combustion chamber 60. Similarly to the impeller 130, the impeller 230 also homogenises the combustion air which is conveyed through an annular clearance duct 213 formed between the outer pipe 12 and the burner pipe 220.

(34) The supply of the individual lances and annular clearance ducts with fuel such as natural gas or synthesis gas and also combustion air is explained below.

(35) The supply of the fuel to the inner pipe 11 of the central lance 10 is realised directly. The supply of the combustion air into the annular clearance duct 13 is realised via the feed 65. The supply of the outer lances 21 with fuel is also realised via the feed chamber 62.

(36) By means of a feed chamber 261, the second fuel lances 210 are supplied with the second fuel, for example synthesis gas. Combustion air is fed via the feed chamber 262 into the annular clearance duct 213.

(37) The mode of operation of the burner 200 is similar to that of the burner 100. This means that in order to heat the burner 200 or the hot gas generator equipped with the burner 200, the central burner 1 is firstly started at a low stage. As soon as the burner 200 itself and the hot gas generator equipped therewith are sufficiently warm, the downstream processing installation is further heated with low power. As soon as it is sufficiently heated, productive operation can be commenced. For this, the central burner 1 is powered up and operated with a sufficient power.

(38) As soon as sufficient second fuel, for example synthesis gas, is available, the second fuel lances 210 are supplied with it. If the supply with second fuel is secured and the combustion is in a stable state, the supply with the first fuel can be adjusted and the central burner 1 can be essentially switched off.

(39) The differences between the two burner variants 100 and 200 are explained in detail below and subsequently the respective advantages clarified.

(40) In order to achieve a higher power in the second fuel operation in the case of the burner 100, it is sufficient to provide more second fuel lances. This is realised by each second fuel lance carrying along its own combustion air according to its construction. In other words each second fuel lance has a fixed power. Of course, the total diameter of the burner then also increases.

(41) In contrast with the burner 200, the burner 100 can be operated with a lower pressure. The burner system 200 has a clearly lower weight than the burner 100 due to the differently designed second fuel lances.

(42) With reference to FIG. 6, once again by way of an overview, the different feeds to a multi-fuel multiple lance burner system 400 with a central burner 1 according to the invention are explained below.

(43) In the combustion chamber 60 of the burner 400 a perforated jacket unit 441 is schematically shown within a burner muffle 442. Together with the burner 400, a hot gas generator 401 is thus produced which supplies for example hot process gases for a grinding plant.

(44) The inner pipe 11 of the central lance 10 in the same way as the outer lances 21 of the central burner 1 are connected to a feed for a first combustion gas such as natural gas. The feed to the outer lances 21 is hereby realised via a feed chamber 421. This feed chamber, in the same way as the feed chambers described below, is used to even out the inflow of the fluid and ensure a most regular inflow possible into the connected pipes or lances.

(45) As shown in the illustration, both the inner pipe 11 and the outer lance 21 have the same gas supply source. Merely one branch is provided which distributes the gas in a predefined ratio to the inner pipe 11 and the outer lances 21. By means of a feed chamber 422, a second different combustion gas such as for example synthesis gas can be fed to the second fuel lances 410.

(46) In order to supply in particular the central lance with combustion air a feed chamber 423 is used.

(47) The remaining combustion air is fed via a feed chamber 424 to the burner 400. In addition a recirculation gas supply into the combustion chamber 424 is hereby provided. This serves to reduce the oxygen content of the combustion air in order that the heated process gas generated has an oxygen content which is as low as possible.

(48) In addition, via the perforated jacket unit 441, further process gas to be heated can be fed to the hot gas generator 401. The total heated process gas is then fed for example to a grinding process with a roller mill.

(49) It is possible with the central burner according to the invention to construct multi-fuel multiple lance burner systems without a starter burner, whereby said systems can each be differently constructed without hereby having to change the central burner.