Blade plate for crusher and crusher

Abstract

A blade plate for crushers to be installed on a fixed side or a moving side, includes a base material part and many blade parts arranged on the surface of the base material part. The blade part includes a diamond blade part having an edge formed of a corner between a belt-like part and an inclined part, and a chevron blade part which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt-like part and a foot part and an edge formed of a corner between an inclined belt-like part and a foot part, and which is bound to an intersection place of the diagonal lines of the diamond blade part. Also provided is a crusher which utilizes the blade plate.

Claims

1. A blade plate for crushers to be installed on a fixed side or a moving side, comprising a base material part and a plurality of blade parts arranged on a surface of the base material part, wherein the blade part comprises: a diamond blade part having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part; and a chevron blade part which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt part and a foot part and an edge formed of a corner between an inclined belt part and a foot part, and which is bound to an intersection place of diagonal lines of the diamond blade part.

2. The blade plate for crushers to be installed on a fixed side or a moving side according to claim 1, wherein materials for the base material part and the blade parts are high manganese cast steel, and wherein at least any one of a top surface, rear surface, flat surface, bottom surface and side surface of the base material part is provided with a bolt hole through which a bolt is screwed and inserted.

3. The blade plate for crushers to be installed on a fixed side or a moving side according to claim 1, wherein the belt part of the diamond blade part, the tip end belt part and the inclined belt part of the chevron blade part, the belt part of the convex blade part and the belt part of the small blade parts have a width of 5 mm to 15 mm.

4. The blade plate for crushers to be installed on a fixed side or a moving side according to claim 1, wherein an angle between the inclined belt parts of the chevron parts arranged on the base material part is 90 or higher.

5. A blade plate for crushers to be installed on a fixed side, comprising a base material part and a plurality of blade parts arranged on a surface of the base material part, wherein the blade part comprises: a concave blade part arranged on an upper side of the base material part; a diamond blade part arranged on a lower side of the concave blade part and having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part; a chevron blade part which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt part and a foot part and an edge formed of a corner between an inclined belt part and a foot part, and which is bound to an intersection place of diagonal lines of the diamond blade part; and a convex blade part having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part, the convex blade part being connected to a part of the chevron blade arranged on the lowermost stage of the base material part.

6. The blade plate for crushers to be installed on a fixed side according to claim 5, wherein the concave blade part forms a recess in the base material part, and is formed in an opening shape such that a vertical blade and a lateral blade are combined in the recess, and wherein a left inner surface, right inner surface and lower inner surface of the concave blade part are inclined toward a deep side so that the upper inner surface is vertical to the base material part.

7. A blade plate for crushers to be installed on a moving side, comprising a base material part and a plurality of blade parts arranged on a surface of the base material part, wherein the blade part comprises: a concave blade part arranged on an upper side of the base material part; a diamond blade part arranged on a lower side of the concave blade part and having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part; a chevron blade part which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt part and a foot part and an edge formed of a corner between an inclined belt part and a foot part, and which is bound to an intersection place of diagonal lines of the diamond blade part; a convex blade part having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part, the convex blade part being connected to a part of the chevron blade arranged on a lowermost stage of the base material part, and halved triangular pyramid blade parts which are vertically connected, the halved triangular pyramid blade parts being located on both sides of the convex blade part.

8. The blade plate for crushers to be installed on a moving side according to claim 7, wherein the halved triangular pyramid blade parts have an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part.

9. The blade plate for crushers to be installed on a moving side according to claim 7, wherein the concave blade part forms a recess in the base material part, and is in an opening shape in which a vertical blade and a lateral blade are combined in a lattice shape in the recess, and wherein a left inner surface, right inner surface and lower inner surface of the concave blade part are inclined toward a deep side so that the upper inner surface is vertical to the base material part.

10. The blade plate for crushers to be installed on a moving side according to claim 7, wherein the convex blade part has one or two or more notch part(s).

11. A crusher comprising: a vertically-opening frame which is composed of a pair of side frames provided in juxtaposition, a front frame connecting front sides of both the side frames and a rear frame connecting rear sides of both the side frames, and which has an upper opening part for injecting a material to be crushed and a lower opening part for discharging the crushed material; a fixed blade plate which is fixed and supported on a holder provided vertically or slantly to the frame; and a moving blade plate which is axially supported on a fulcrum shaft constructed between both the side frames, is inclined to the frame at a backward movement limit position, becomes vertical to the frame at a forward movement limit position, and moves forward and backward using the fulcrum shaft as a fulcrum in accordance with the forward and backward movement of a piston rod of a cylinder provided on the rear frame, wherein the material to be crushed is supplied to a V-shaped crushing space formed between the fixed blade plate and the moving blade plate, and is crushed upon forward movement of the moving blade plate to the fixed blade plate, wherein one or both of the fixed blade plate and the moving blade plate further comprise a diamond blade part having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part; and a chevron blade part which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt part and a foot part and an edge formed of a corner between an inclined belt part and a foot part, and which is bound to an intersection place of diagonal lines of the diamond blade part.

12. The crusher according to claim 11, wherein both the side frames further comprise a liner having abrasion resistance on the inside thereof.

13. The crusher according to claim 11, wherein the holder comprises an upper part and a lower part, and the lower part has a discharge lower end extending frontward and also a receiving blade having an inclined surface from the upper side toward the lower side.

14. A crusher comprising: a vertically-opening frame which is composed of a pair of side frames provided in juxtaposition, a front frame connecting front sides of both the side frames and a rear frame connecting the rear sides of both the side frames, and which has an upper opening part for injecting a material to be crushed and a lower opening part for discharging the crushed material; a fixed blade plate which is fixed and supported on a holder provided vertically or scantly to the frame; and a moving blade plate which is axially supported on a fulcrum shaft constructed between both the side frames, is inclined to the frame at a backward movement limit position, becomes vertical to the frame at a forward movement limit position, and moves forward and backward using the fulcrum shaft as a fulcrum in accordance with the forward and backward movement of a piston rod of a cylinder provided on the rear frame, wherein the material to be crushed is supplied to a V-shaped crushing space formed between the fixed blade plate and the moving blade plate, and is crushed upon forward movement of the moving blade plate to the fixed blade plate, wherein the fixed blade plate further comprises a concave blade part arranged on an upper side of the base material part; a diamond blade part arranged on a lower side of the concave blade part and having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part; a chevron blade part which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt part and a foot part and an edge formed of a corner between an inclined belt part and a foot part, and which is bound to an intersection place of diagonal lines of the diamond blade part; and a convex blade part having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part, the convex blade part being connected to a part of the chevron blade arranged on the lowermost stage of the base material part, and wherein the moving blade plate comprises a base material part and a plurality of blade parts arranged on a surface of the base material part, the moving blade part further comprising a concave blade part arranged on an upper side of the base material part; a diamond blade part arranged on a lower side of the concave blade part and having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part; a chevron blade part which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt part and a foot part and an edge formed of a corner between an inclined belt part and a foot part, and which is bound to an intersection place of diagonal lines of the diamond blade part; a convex blade part having an edge formed of a corner between a belt part and an inclined part, the convex blade part being connected to a part of the chevron blade arranged on a lowermost stage of the base material part, and halved triangular pyramid blade parts which are vertically connected, the halved triangular pyramid blade parts being located on both sides of this convex blade part is used as the moving blade plate.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a front view of a fixed blade plate.

(2) FIG. 2 is a side view of the fixed blade plate.

(3) FIG. 3 is a back view of the fixed blade plate.

(4) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the fixed blade plate.

(5) FIG. 5 is a front view of a moving blade plate.

(6) FIG. 6 is a side view of the moving blade plate.

(7) FIG. 7 is a back view of the moving blade plate.

(8) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the moving blade plate.

(9) FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the relation between chevron blade parts.

(10) FIG. 10 is an enlarged front view of a diamond blade part and the chevron blade part.

(11) FIG. 11 is a side view of a crusher provided with the fixed blade plate shown in FIG. 1 and the moving blade plate shown in FIG. 5 in a state where the moving blade plate is moved forward and backward.

(12) FIG. 12 is a side view showing the fixed blade plate and the moving blade plate in a state where the moving blade plate has been moved forward to a forward movement limit position.

(13) FIG. 13 is a side view showing a state where a material to be crushed is caught by a receiving blade.

MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(14) Modes for carrying out the present invention will be illustrated below.

(15) The present invention relates to a blade plate for a crusher Y which can finely crush a material X to be crushed, such as unnecessary cast product, sprue, runner and ingate, and also relates to the crusher Y in which this blade plate is arranged. This blade plate can be a fixed blade plate 40 for fixation, which is installed on the fixed side of the crusher Y or a moving blade plate 50 for movement, which is installed on the moving side of the crusher Y. This blade plate is configured to crush the material X to be crushed by means of many blade parts 42 arranged on a top surface 41a which is a crushing surface of a base material part 41 of the fixed blade late 40 and many blade parts 52 arranged on a top surface 51a which is a crushing surface of a base material part 51 of the moving blade plate 50.

(16) Also, the blade plate is characterized, for example, in that the base material part 41, 51 and blade part 42, 52 of the blade plate are made of high manganese steel, and that the base material part 41, 51 of the blade plate is provided with a bolt hole 3 (female screw hole) through which a bolt for attachment of the blade plate is screwed and inserted.

(17) The shapes of such many blade parts 42, 52 arranged on the top surface 41a, 51a of the fixed blade plate 40 and the moving blade plate 50 will be explained based on the respective drawings.

(18) First, a blade part 42 of the fixed blade plate 40 is shown mainly in FIGS. 1 to 4, etc., and a blade part 52 of the moving blade plate 50 is shown mainly in FIGS. 5 to 8.

(19) Hereinafter, the fixed blade plate 40 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, etc. will be explained.

(20) A substantially rectangular concave blade part 43 is arranged on the upper side of the base material part 41 of the fixed blade plate 40. Also, there are arranged: a diamond blade part 44 provided on the lower side of this concave blade part 43 and having an edge (blade edge) 44d formed of a corner between a belt-like part 44a and an inclined part 44b; a chevron blade part 45 which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge (blade edge) 45b3 formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt-like part 45a and a foot part 45b and an edge (blade edge) 45b4 formed of a corner between an inclined belt-like part 45b1 and a foot part 45b2, and which is bound to an intersection place of the diagonal lines of the diamond blade part 44; and further a convex blade part 46 having an edge (blade edge) 46c formed of a corner between a belt-like part 46a and an inclined part 46b, the convex blade part 46 being connected to a part of the chevron blade 45 arranged on the lowermost stage of the base material part 41.

(21) The concave blade part 43 mainly forms a recess in the base material part 41, and is formed in an opening shape such that a vertical blade 43e and a lateral blade 43f are combined in this recess, and the left inner surface 43a, right inner surface 43b and lower inner surface 43d of the concave blade part 43 in a front view are inclined toward the deep side so that the upper inner surface 43c is vertical to the base material part 41. Also, the concave blade part 43 may be configured so that the upper inner surface 43c is inclined downward. In other words, the concave blade part 43 may be configured in any manner so long as the material X to be crushed is hard to escape upward during crushing. In the meantime, three substantially rectangular concave blade parts 43 are continuously provided in FIG. 1 and the like, but the number, size and the like of the concave blade parts 43 are not especially limited. Thus, for example, a plurality of vertical blades 43e and a plurality of lateral blades 43f may be combined in a lattice shape in this recess so as to form, for example, six concave blade parts 43.

(22) While the lateral blade 43f extends farther than the vertical blade 43e in FIGS. 2 and 4, there may be employed either a configuration such that the vertical blade 43e extends farther than the lateral blade 43f or a configuration such that the vertical blade 43e and the lateral blade 43f are at the same level. Also, the lateral blade 43f can extend farther than that as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.

(23) The diamond blade part 44 arranged on the lower side of this concave blade part 43 will now be explained.

(24) This diamond blade part 44 is literally arranged in a diamond shape on the top surface 41a of the base material part 41, and the respective sides of the diamond consist of the belt-like part 44a and the inclined part 44b. Specifically, this part is in a substantially trapezoidal shape, in a cross sectional view, in which inclined parts 44b are formed from the belt-like part 44a toward both sides.

(25) The corner between the belt-like part 44a and the inclined part 44b is used as an edge 44d, thereby making it possible to finely crush the material X to be crushed. In the meantime, this belt-like part 44a can also be a curved surface.

(26) The region enclosed by the four sides of the diamond blade part 44, 54 of the fixed blade plate 40 or the moving blade plate 50 which will be described later is defined as a fitting region 44c, 54c. For example, when the fixed blade plate 40 is arranged vertically to a frame 9, the number of supporting blocks 16 is adjusted so that the position of a fulcrum shaft 19 is close to a front frame 12, and the moving blade plate 50 moves forward up to a forward movement limit position Z2 toward the side of the fixed blade plate 40, the chevron blade parts 55 and 45 can be arranged to be mutually fitted in the fitting regions 44c and 54c, respectively, of the fixed blade plate 40 and moving blade plate 50. Specifically, the chevron blade part 55 of the moving blade plate 50 is arranged to be fitted in the fitting region 44c enclosed by the four sides of the diamond blade part 44, and the chevron blade part 45 of the fixed blade plate 40 is arranged to be fitted in the fitting region 54c enclosed by the four sides of the diamond blade part 54 of the moving blade plate 50. This state is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. When the number of the supporting blocks 16 is adjusted so that the position of the fulcrum shaft is close to a rear frame 13, the chevron blade parts 55 and 45 can be arranged without being fitted in the fitting regions 44c and 54c, respectively, of the fixed blade plate 40 and moving blade plate 50 even when the moving blade plate 50 has moved forward up to the forward movement limit position Z2 toward the side of the fixed blade plate 40. Namely, a space between the tip end belt-like part 45a of the fixed blade plate 40 and the tip end belt-like part 55a of the moving blade plate 50 can also be formed, depending on the adjustment of the position of the fulcrum shaft 19, when the moving blade plate 50 has moved forward up to the forward movement limit position Z2.

(27) Next, the chevron blade part 45 will be explained.

(28) The chevron blade part 45 is configured in a polyhedral shape such that four deficient triangular pyramids are bound and arranged on the top surface 41a of the base material part 41 to be literally faulted in a chevron shape, and includes a cross-shaped tip end belt-like part 45a and a foot part 45b.

(29) On the other hand, the foot part 45b is configured in a shape widening from the front side (side of the tip end belt-like part 45a) toward the rear side (side of the top surface 41a of the base material part 41). Namely, it is formed so as to become gradually higher from the front side toward the rear side.

(30) Also, the foot part 45b includes a plurality of inclined belt-like parts 45b1 and a plurality of inclined parts 45b2, and the inclined parts 45b2 are formed from the respective inclined belt-like parts 45b1 toward both sides. It is configured so that one end of the respective inclined belt-like parts 45b1 and one end of the cross lines of the cross shape of the tip end belt-like part 45a are connected to each other.

(31) An edge 43b3 is formed of a corner between the cross-shaped tip end belt-like part 45a and the foot part 45b (on the side of the tip end belt-like part 45a) and an edge 45b4 is formed of a corner between the respective inclined belt-like parts 45b1 and the foot part 45b (respective inclined parts 45b2), thereby making it possible to finely crush the material X to be crushed. In the meantime, this cross-shaped tip end belt-like part 45a and respective inclined belt-like parts 45b1 can also be a curved surface.

(32) A part of the respective inclined parts 45b2 of the foot part 45b on the side of the tip end belt-like part 45a has an inclined defect part 47 in order to form an edge 45b3. As shown in FIG. 10 and the like, this defect part 47 is configured to be inclined toward the deep side, more specifically, constitutes a substantially triangular inclined surface in a part of the respective inclined parts 45b2 on the side of the tip end belt-like part 45a. In the meantime, this defect part 47 may constitute a substantially triangular inclined surface and, in addition, may constitute, for example, a substantially square or semi-spherical inclined surface. Also, the defect part 47 may constitute a vertical surface, not an inclined surface. In short, any configuration may be employed so long as the edge 45b3 is formed by a notch part during crushing so that stress concentration is easily applied to the material to be crushed, resulting in more efficient crushing.

(33) As regards the height relation between the diamond blade part 44 and the chevron blade part 45, the chevron blade part 45 is set to be higher than the diamond blade part 44. Specifically, they are arranged so that the belt-like part 44a of the diamond blade part 44 is located in the middle of the foot part 45b of the chevron blade part 45 in a side view. The numbers, sizes and the like of the diamond blade parts 44 and chevron blade parts 45 are not especially limited.

(34) As regards the arrangement of the chevron blade parts 45 on the fixed blade plate 40, the chevron blade parts 45 can be divided into those on the upper most stage, second stage, third stage and lowermost stage as shown in FIG. 1 and the like. Since this chevron blade part 45 is arranged so as to be bound to an intersection place of the diagonal lines of the diamond blade part 44, the chevron blade parts 45 are arranged in a zig-zag manner on the base material 41. In the meantime, the chevron blade parts 45 at the left and right ends in a front view at the second stage from the top and the chevron blade parts 45 and convex blade parts 46 at the left and right ends on the lowermost stage are halved and installed, as shown in FIG. 1 and the like.

(35) Also, the angle between the inclined belt-like parts 45b1 of the chevron blade parts 45 is defined as 90 or higher as shown in FIG. 9, thereby making the material X to be crushed (crushed waste) difficult to be caught between the chevron blade parts 45 and also making the material X to be crushed (crushed waste) easy to slip down from this space between the chevron blade parts 45.

(36) There is also an example, but not shown, wherein only a diamond blade part 44 and a chevron blade part 45 are arranged as the blade part 42, 52 of the blade plate on the fixed or moving side of the crusher Y.

(37) Further, a convex blade part 46 is arranged in a part of the chevron blade 44 on the lowermost stage of the base material part 41 of the fixed blade plate 40. This convex blade part 46 has an edge 46c formed of a corner between a belt-like part 46a and an inclined part 46b, thereby making it possible to finely crush the material X to be crushed. In the meantime, this belt-like part 46a can also be a curved surface. This convex blade part 46 is especially effective in crushing the material X to be crushed near the discharge port of the crusher Y.

(38) The belt-like part 44a of the diamond blade part 44, tip end belt-like part 45a and inclined belt-like part 45b1 of the chevron blade part 45, and belt-like part 46a of the convex blade part 46 desirably have a width of 5 mm to 15 mm, but may be 4 mm or less or 16 mm or more in width so long as the effects of the present invention are obtained.

(39) Next, a holder 15 which fixes and supports the fixed blade plate 40 vertically or slantly to a frame 9, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, will be explained.

(40) The holder 15 includes an upper part 15a and a lower part 15b, and the lower part 15b has a discharge lower end 15b2 extending frontward (to the side of the moving blade plate 50) and also a receiving blade 15b1 having an inclined surface, like a slide, from the upper side toward the lower side. The convex blade part 46 of the moving blade plate 50 moves along this inclined surface. There is a gap between the inclined surface and the convex blade part 46, and this gap is constant while the moving blade plate 50 moves from the backward movement limit position Z1 to the forward movement limit position Z2. The constant gap facilitates the discharge of the crushed material Y.

(41) Also, any length of the extending discharge lower end 15b2 of the lower part 15b of the holder 15 may be employed. Thus, the discharge lower end 15b2 can also be configured so as to extend farther than that shown in FIG. 11 and the like.

(42) The above-described holder 15 can be of a separable type in which the holder 15 can be separated into the upper part 15a and the lower part 15b, or of an integrated type in which the holder 15 cannot be separated into the upper part 15a and the lower part 15b.

(43) When the material X to be crushed is crushed into fine pieces by the diamond blade part 44 and the chevron blade part 45, the crushed waste is discharged in such a manner that they go down the slide along the inclined surface. When the material X to be crushed is an elongated material, the elongated material X to be crushed is caught by the inclined surface like the slide, thereby making it possible to prevent the falling of the material X, to crush the material X caught by this inclined surface by means of the convex blade part 46 of the moving blade plate 50, and further to rake out and discharge this crushed waste by means of the convex blade part 46 of the moving blade plate 50.

(44) For example, special alloy steel is employed as the material for this holder 15.

(45) Next, the moving blade plate 50 as shown in, for example, FIGS. 5 to 8 will be explained.

(46) A concave blade part 53 is arranged on the upper side of the base material part 51 of the moving blade plate 50. Also, there are arranged: a diamond blade part 54 provided on the lower side of this concave blade part 53 and having an edge (blade edge) 54d formed of a corner between a belt-like part 54a and an inclined part 54b; a chevron blade part 55 which is configured in a polyhedral shape having an edge (blade edge) 55b3 formed of a corner between a cross-shaped tip end belt-like part 55a and a foot part 55b and an edge (blade edge) 55b4 formed of a corner between an inclined belt-like part 55b1 and a foot part 55b, and which is bound to an intersection place of the diagonal lines of the diamond blade part 54; and, further, a convex blade part 56 having an edge (blade edge) 56c formed of a corner between a belt-like part 56a and an inclined part 56b, the convex blade part 56 being connected to a part of the chevron blade 55 arranged on the lowermost stage of the base material part 51. Small blade parts 58 including halved triangular pyramids which are vertically connected are located on both sides of this convex blade part 56. Also, this small blade part 58 may be configured so as to or so as not to have an edge (blade edge) 58c formed of a corner between a belt-like part 58a and an inclined part 58b.

(47) The concave blade part 53 mainly forms a recess in the base material part 51, and is in an opening shape in which a plurality of vertical blades 53e and a plurality of lateral blades 53f are combined in a lattice shape in this recess. In the other respects, the shape, number, size and the like of the concave blade parts 53 are not especially limited, in conformity to the concave blade part 43 of the fixed blade plate 40.

(48) The diamond blade part 54 and chevron blade part 55 of the moving blade plate 50 conform to the diamond blade part 44 and chevron blade part 45 of the fixed blade plate 40.

(49) The convex blade part 56 includes a belt-like part 56a and inclined parts 56b, and the inclined parts 56b are constituted from the belt-like part 56a toward both sides. An edge 56c is formed of a corner between the belt-like part 56a and the inclined part 56b, thereby making it possible to finely crush the material X to be crushed. In the meantime, this belt-like part 56a can also be a curved surface.

(50) The convex blade part 56 is curved, in a side view, as it goes downward from the upper part, and constitutes a claw part 56d at the lower end. The material X to be crushed can be caught by this claw part 56d to reliably and efficiently crush and rake out the material X.

(51) Also, the convex blade part 56 may also be configured so as to have one or two or more notch part(s) 57 as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. This configuration allows for further reliable and efficient crushing and raking-out of the material X. Also, the convex blade part 56 may also be configured so as not to have one or two or more notch part(s) 57 as shown, for example, in FIG. 5.

(52) In the other respects, the convex blade part 56 conforms to the convex blade part 46 of the fixed blade plate 40.

(53) The small blade part 58 includes a belt-like part 58a and inclined parts 58b, and the inclined parts 58b are constituted from the belt-like part 58a toward both sides. An edge 58c is formed of a corner between the belt-like part 58a and the inclined part 58b, thereby making it possible to finely crush the material X to be crushed. In the meantime, this belt-like part 46a can also be a curved surface. The small blade parts 58 may be arranged either in contact with, or not in contact with, the inclined parts 56b.

(54) The small blade parts 58 are curved in a side view. In the meantime, two small blade parts 58 are provided on both sides of the respective convex blade parts 56 in FIG. 5 and the like, but one small blade part may be provided. Also, this small blade part 58 has a claw part 58d which allows for more reliable and efficient crushing and raking-out of the material X to be crushed.

(55) Additionally, a blade part can be provided on the lower side of the small blade part 58 in the lateral direction and/or the vertical direction, though not shown, thereby reliably and efficiently crush and rake out the material X to be crushed.

(56) High manganese steel is indicated as an example of the material for the base material part 41, 51 and blade part 42, 52 which constitute the blade plate according to the present invention. High manganese steel causes work hardening, which means it is successively hardened from the used portion as it is used more. Namely, it originally has low hardness, but is work-hardened from its surface, for example, by an impact applied to the surface, and is improved in abrasion resistance at a jump, leading to a great increase in lifetime of the blade plate. Specifically, the hardness of the blade plate after work hardening is HRC of 40 to 50 or more.

(57) In the meantime, examples of the other materials for the base material part 41, 51 and blade part 42, 52 which constitute the blade plate include special steel such as carbon steel for machine structural use (SC) and alloy steel for machine structural use (SCM, etc.) and alloy casting based on ordinary cast steel FCD.

(58) In the meantime, the same material is used for the base material part 41, 51 and blade part 42, 52 of the blade plate, so that the base material part 41, 51 and blade part 42, 52 can be treated together when the blade plate itself becomes unnecessary, thereby making the reproduction treatment easy.

(59) A bolt hole 3 is generally formed by using a commercially-available machine tool such as a machining center (not shown). For example, a tool for processing the bolt hole 3 is attached to the main shaft of the machining center to form the bolt hole 3 upon rotation of this tool. This bolt hole 3 is fainted in at least any one of the top surface 41a, rear surface 41b, flat surface 41c, bottom surface 41d and side surface 41e of the base material part 41, and there can be processed the bolt hole 3 having any of M202.5P, M243.0P and M303.0P when the diameter of the bolt hole is designated as M (mm) and the pitch of the screw thread is designated as P (mm).

(60) One example of the method for forming the bolt hole 3 is as follows. Here, an explanation is given for the fixed blade plate 40. First, a prepared hole is formed by drilling or the like in at least any one of the top surface 41a, rear surface 41b, flat surface 41c, bottom surface 41d and side surface 41e of the base material part 41 which is an attachment surface. Then, a thread groove is formed in the inner wall surface of the prepared hole by using a tap or the like, thereby processing the screw hole.

(61) The prepared hole is formed so as to have an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the thread part of the tap, and this tap is rotated and inserted through the hole, thereby cutting the inner wall surface of the prepared hole to form a bolt groove, so that the bolt hole 3 is processed. Namely, a prepared thread (prepared hole, inner diameter) having a diameter dimension smaller than that of the bolt is cut, for example, by drilling, and a bolt hole 3 is cut along the prepared thread. For example, when a tap is used to form a bolt hole 3, a hole having the prepared diameter (smallest diameter) of the bolt is formed, for example, by drilling, and the tap is screwed into this prepared hole to form the bolt hole 3.

(62) The machining center is provided with a control device which drives and controls the driving means and main shaft of the machining center in accordance with the program for forming the bolt hole 3. Specifically, the position between the special tool for processing the bolt hole 3 and the fixed blade plate 40 moving blade plate 50, speed thereof and the like are controlled in accordance with the procedures for forming the bolt hole 3 preliminarily defined in the program for forming the bolt hole 3. The machining center performs, for example, control of the number of rotations of the main shaft, for example, by decoding the number of rotations of the main shaft motor in the program for forming the bolt hole 3.

(63) Examples of the specific processing method include using a special tool (super-steel threading tip, etc.) attached to the main shaft, for example, of a machining center which can control three axes, i.e., X, Y and Z axes, to form a female screw hole through the use of the helical feeding (arc) function of the machining center or the like.

(64) When this method is employed, a prepared hole is firstly formed by drilling or the like in at least any one of the top surface 41a, rear surface 41b, flat surface 41c, bottom surface 41d and side surface 41e of the base material part 41 which is an attachment surface.

(65) Then, the main shaft of the machining center to which a special tool (super-steel threading tip, etc.) is attached is helically fed to the Z-axis direction while being rotated, to cut a female thread groove in the inner peripheral surface of the prepared hole. For example, a female thread groove is formed by helically feeding the main shaft, for example, so that the main shaft advances one pitch per revolution.

(66) Also, a tap with a drill at its tip end is used so that the procedure from forming a prepared hole to threading can be performed by using one tool. Specifically, a drill tap is attached to the main shaft of the machining center to form a bolt hole 3.

(67) The helical feeding (arc) function of the machining center or the like is utilized to process a bolt hole 3 in the fixed blade plate 40, as described above.

(68) A bolt hole 3 is formed also in the moving blade plate 50 in a similar method. The processing method is similar to that for the fixed blade plate 40, and thus an explanation about the method is omitted here. In FIG. 7, bolt holes 3 for fixing the blade plate on a piston rod 7 of a cylinder 6, for example, are processed.

(69) In the meantime, the position, size, number and the like of these bolt holes 3 are not especially limited.

(70) Concerning the fixation of the blade plate subjected to the processing of the bolt hole 3, the holder 15 is used for the fixed blade plate 40 to attach the fixed blade plate 40 to this holder 15 in FIGS. 11 and 12 as one example. Specifically, a concave or convex part is formed on a surface of the holder 15 provided on the frame 9 of the crusher Y, the surface being intended for mounting the fixed blade plate 40, whereas a convex or concave part is formed on a surface of the fixed blade plate 40 for mounting the holder 15. The concave or convex part formed on the surface of the holder 15 for mounting the fixed blade plate 40 and the convex or concave part formed on the surface of the fixed blade plate 40 for mounting the holder 15 are fitted, and bolts or the like are inserted from the side of the holder 15 through the bolt holes 3 formed in the holder 15 and fixed blade plate 40 to attach the fixed blade plate 40 to the holder 15.

(71) Conventional moving blade plates 50 employed a holder 15 as with the fixed blade plate 40 described above, and the moving blade plate 50 was attached to this holder 15. For example, a concave or convex part was formed on a surface of the holder 15 for mounting the moving blade plate 50, whereas a convex or concave part was formed on a surface of the moving blade plate 50 for mounting the holder 15. The concave or convex part formed on the surface of the holder 15 for mounting the moving blade plate 50 and the convex or concave part formed on the surface of the moving blade plate 50 for mounting the holder 15 were fitted, and bolts or the like were inserted from the side of the holder 50 through the bolt holes 3 formed in the holder 15 and moving blade plate 50 to attach the moving blade plate 50 to the holder 15. In FIGS. 11 and 12, a piston rod of a cylinder is fixed on the upper part of the back surface of the moving blade plate 50 without using a holder 15 for the moving blade plate 50. Since the piston rod is fixed on the upper side of the back surface of the moving blade plate 50 in this manner, the moving blade plate 50 can be moved forward and backward with less power.

(72) In the meantime, the case where the holder 15 is provided for the fixed blade plate 40 and the moving blade plate 50, respectively, and the case where no holder 15 is provided for the fixed blade plate 40 or the moving blade plate 50 are also conceivable as any other examples, as long as the effect of the invention is provided. Further, a fixed blade plate 40 which also exhibits the function of the holder 15, i.e., a fixed blade plate which also serves as a holder can also be used.

(73) When this holder 15 for attaching a blade (blade plate) is not used, the cost of the blade plate as a product can be reduced, and the measures to reduce its weight are made easy, thereby making it possible to suppress the total weight of the crusher Y.

(74) The fixed blade plate 40 and moving blade plate 50 are attached/detached via a bolt in this manner, and thus can be singly and easily replaced.

(75) Desirably, the bolt is made of high carbon steel and corresponds to high load/high torque.

(76) The blade plate of the present invention is useful mainly for hard-to-crush (hard-to-cut, hard-to-break) materials having properties of, for example, being hard and thick, such as ductile cast iron (FCD material), but is also useful in crushing (cutting, breaking) gray (ordinary) cast iron (FC material).

(77) Next, one example of the configuration of a crusher Y wherein the fixed blade plate 40 and moving blade plate 50 are mounted will be explained.

(78) The crusher Y includes, as main components: a vertically-opening frame 9 which is composed of a pair of side frames 10 and 11 provided in juxtaposition, a front frame 12 connecting the front sides of both the side frames 10 and 11 and a rear frame 13 connecting the rear sides of both the side frames 10 and 11, and which has an upper opening part 9a for injecting a material X to be crushed and a lower opening part 9b for discharging the crushed waste; a fixed blade plate 40 which is fixed and supported on a holder 15 provided vertically or slantly to the frame 9; and a moving blade plate 50 which is axially supported on a fulcrum shaft 19 constructed between both the side frames 10 and 11, is inclined to the frame at a backward movement limit position Z1, becomes vertical to the frame 9 at a forward movement limit position Z2, and moves forward and backward using the fulcrum shaft 19 as a fulcrum in accordance with the forward and backward movement of the piston rod 7 of a cylinder 6 provided on the rear frame 13. The material X to be crushed is supplied to a V-shaped crushing space formed between the fixed blade plate 40 and the moving blade plate 50, and is crushed upon forward movement of the moving blade plate 50 to the fixed blade plate 40.

(79) In the meantime, as described above, the moving blade plate 50 is axially supported on a fulcrum shaft 19 constructed between both the side frames 10 and 11, and, specifically, axially supported on the fulcrum shaft 19 by a semi-circular axial supporting part 59 formed on the lower side of the moving blade plate 50. The fulcrum shaft 19 is covered with a fulcrum shaft cap (not shown) and fixed on the moving blade plate 50 by means of a fixing tool such as a bolt.

(80) Also, the fulcrum shaft 19 is mainly supported through the use of a bearing, frame holes widely opened in both the side frames 10 and 11 and supporting blocks 16 fitted in these frame holes. Thus, the numbers of the left and right supporting blocks 16 can be controlled in the frame holes by utilizing the extraction/insertion of the supporting blocks 16 fitted in the frame holes, thereby changing the position of the fulcrum shaft 19. Namely, it is possible to adjust the crushing space V formed between the fixed blade plate 40 and the moving blade plate 50 when the moving blade plate 50 reaches a forward movement limit position Z2.

(81) Also, examples of any other configuration which changes the position of the fulcrum shaft 19 include a configuration (not shown) using a bearing, a metal internally mounted on the bearing, an eccentric bush, and a stopper for fixing and stopping the eccentric bush on the bearing. According to this configuration, the stopper such as a bolt is removed; the eccentric bush is rotated and moved; the position of the fulcrum shaft 19 is changed; and the eccentric bush is fixed by the stopper such as a bolt after the change of this eccentric bush, and fixed and stopped. The position of the fulcrum shaft 19 can be changed to fix it in this manner.

(82) The convex blade part 56 and small blade part 58 arranged on the base material part 51 of the moving blade plate 50 are located near the fulcrum shaft 19, as shown in FIG. 12 and the like.

(83) Also, X is a distance from the center of the fulcrum shaft 19 to the piston rod 7 in FIG. 12. Y is a distance from the center of the fulcrum shaft 19 to the lower side of the top surface 51a of the moving blade plate 50. The distance X is made four to six times longer than the distance Y based on the principle of leverage. Therefore, even heavy and hard materials to be crushed can be crushed with less power.

(84) When the holder 15 for fixing the fixed blade plate 40 is provided slantly to the frame 9, the fixed blade plate 40, which is fixed and supported on this holder 15, is also arranged slantly to the frame 9. When the fixed blade plate 40 is arranged slantly to the frame 9 in this manner and the moving blade plate 50 is also located at the backward movement limit position Z1, the V-shaped crushing space V formed between the fixed blade plate 40 and the moving blade plate 50 can be widely formed, so that relatively large materials X to be crushed can be injected.

(85) Also, when the holder 15 fixing the fixed blade plate 40 is provided vertically to the frame 9, the fixed blade plate 40, which is fixed and supported on this holder 15, is also arranged vertically to the frame 9. When the fixed blade plate 40 is arranged vertically to the frame 9 in this manner, the V-shaped crushing space V formed between the fixed blade plate 40 and the moving blade plate 50 is narrow as compared with the case where the fixed blade plate 40 is inclined. However, when the moving blade plate 50 has come to the forward movement limit position Z2, the moving blade plate 50 and fixed blade plate 40 are opposed longitudinally and substantially horizontally, so that the crushing space formed between the fixed blade plate 40 and the moving blade plate 50 is narrow. Therefore, the material X to be crushed can be more finely crushed.

(86) FIG. 11 shows a trunnion type as a method for mounting the cylinder 6, but any other method may be employed. A fluid cylinder using oil pressure or air pressure as a working fluid can also be used as this cylinder 6. For example, in the case of a hydraulic cylinder device, there is employed a linear feed driving mechanism of moving the piston rod 7 forward and backward to crush the material to be crushed which has been injected between the fixed blade plate 40 and the moving blade plate 50. Therefore, the moving blade plate 50 is gradually displaced by the linear feed driving mechanism of the hydraulic cylinder, thereby allowing the strong oil pressure to act on the material X to be crushed to crush the material X.

(87) The cylinder 6 is provided with a trunnion on the side of the piston rod 7, and is rotatably supported to the rear frame 13 by a trunnion bearing via a trunnion shaft.

(88) A clevis bearing is provided at the tip end of the piston rod 7, and a cylinder bracket is turnably pivoted via a clevis shaft. The attachment surface of this cylinder bracket is attached to a predetermined position where the bolt hole 3 processing has been applied on the upper side of the rear surface of the moving blade plate 50.

(89) The cylinder bracket pivoted onto the piston rod 7 is mounted on the upper side of the rear surface 51b of the moving blade plate 50, and the moving blade plate 50 moves forward and backward using the fulcrum shaft 19 as a fulcrum upon expansion/contraction of the piston rod 7. This forward and backward movement utilizes the principle of leverage using the fulcrum shaft 19 as a fulcrum, and can suppress the output of the cylinder 6 and move the moving blade plate 50 with relatively small motive power.

(90) One or a plurality of liner(s) can also be attachably/detachably provided on the insides of both the side frames 10 and 11 by means of a stopper such as a bolt. Also, it is possible to employ a configuration such that the head of the stopper such as a bolt is machined to be substantially flush with the liner(s) by means of a polishing means.

(91) This liner employs, for example, a high-hardness material, such as cemented carbide, having abrasion resistance, and is provided on both the side frames 10 and 11, thereby making it possible to avoid impacts on both the side frames 10 and 11 caused by the material X to be crushed. Therefore, it is possible to improve the durability of both the side frames 10 and 11 and to prolong their lifetime. Also, the friction between both the side frames 10 and 11 and the blade plate can be avoided. In the meantime, the hardness of this liner is, for example, HRC of about 50 to 60.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(92) 3. Bolt hole 6. Cylinder 7. Piston rod 9. Frame 9a. Upper opening part 9b. Lower opening part 10. Side frame 11. Side frame 12. Front frame 13. Rear frame 15. Holder 15a. Upper part 15b. Lower part 15b1. Receiving blade 15b2. Discharge lower end 16. Supporting block 17. Fulcrum shaft 40. Fixed blade plate 41. Base material part 41a. Top surface 41b. Rear surface 41c. Flat surface 41d. Bottom surface 41e. Side surface 42. Blade part 43. Concave blade part 43a. Left inner surface 43b. Right inner surface 43c. Upper inner surface 43d. Lower inner surface 43e. Vertical blade 43f. Lateral blade 44. Diamond blade part 44a. Belt-like part 44b. Inclined part 44c. Fitting region 44d. Edge 45. Chevron blade part 45a. Tip end belt-like part 45b. Foot part 45b1. Inclined belt-like part 45b2. Inclined part 45b3. Edge 45b4. Edge 46. Convex blade part 46a. Belt-like part 46b. Inclined part 46c. Edge 47. Defect part 50. Moving blade plate 51. Base material part 51a. Top surface 51b. Rear surface 51c. Flat surface 51d. Bottom surface 51e. Side surface 52. Blade part 53. Concave blade part 53a. Left inner surface 53b. Right inner surface 53c. Upper inner surface 53d. Lower inner surface 53e. Vertical blade 53f. Lateral blade 54. Diamond blade part 54a. Belt-like part 54b. Inclined part 54c. Fitting region 54d. Edge 55. Chevron blade part 55a. Tip end belt-like part 55b. Foot part 55b1. Inclined belt-like part 55b2. Inclined part 55b3. Edge 55b4. Edge 56. Convex blade part 56a. Belt-like part 56b. Inclined part 56c. Edge 56d. Claw part 57. Notch part 58. Small blade part 58a. Belt-like part 58b. Inclined part 58c. Edge 58d. Claw part 59. Axial supporting part V. Crushing space X. Material to be crushed Y. Crusher Z1. Backward movement limit position Z2. forward movement limit position