APPARATUS FOR RAPID PYROLYTIC REACTION

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus for rapid pyrolysis reaction, which comprises: a reactor, which comprises a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom; multilayer-regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction, a material distributor; a material inlet arranged in the dispersion region above the material distributor; a material distribution gas inlet, which is arranged in the dispersion region and communicates with the material distributor so as to utilize a material distribution gas to blow out the material in the material distributor into the dispersion region, so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly; a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively; and a semi-coke outlet arranged in the discharge region.

Claims

1. An apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction, comprising: a reactor, said reactor comprises: a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom; said dispersion region comprises: a material distributor; a material inlet arranged above the material distributor; a material distribution gas inlet, which communicates with the material distributor so as to utilize a material distribution gas to blow out the material in the material distributor into the dispersion region, so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly; said pyrolysis region comprises: multilayer regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction; said discharge region comprises: a semi-coke outlet; a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively.

2. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the material distributor is located inside the dispersion region, and the inner wall surface of the dispersion region is in a spherical or conical shape.

3. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the discharge region is in an inverted cone shape.

4. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes that are parallel to each other and evenly distributed, and each regenerative radiant tube is parallel to each regenerative radiant tube in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes and is staggered from each regenerative radiant tube in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes in the height direction of the reactor body.

5. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein further comprising: a screw discharger arranged in an upwardly inclined manner below the reactor body and connected to the semi-coke outlet.

6. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the reactor body is in height of 2-20 m.

7. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein a fuel gas regulating valve is provided on the regenerative radiant tubes.

8. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the regenerative radiant tubes are in diameter of 100-500 mm.

9. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal spacing and vertical spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes are 100-500 mm respectively and independently.

10. The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets are arranged on the top end of the dispersion region and/or side walls of the pyrolysis region respectively.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0059] The above-mentioned and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and more easily to understand in the description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Among the drawings:

[0060] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0062] Hereunder some embodiments of the present invention will be detailed. The embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein, identical or similar marks indicate identical or similar elements or elements with identical or similar functions. It should be noted that the embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are only exemplary and are provided only to explain the present invention rather than constitute any limitation to the present invention.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or position relations indicated by terms center, longitudinal, transverse, length, width, thickness, above, below, left, right, vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, inside, outside, clockwise, counter-clockwise, axial, radial, or circumferential, etc., are based on the orientation or position relations indicated in the accompanying drawings. They are used only to ease and simplify the description of the present invention, rather than indicate or imply that the involved device or component must have a specific orientation or must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the use of these terms shall not be deemed as constituting any limitation to the present invention.

[0064] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified and defined explicitly, the terms install, connect, fix, etc. shall be interpreted in their general meaning. For example, the connection can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; can be direct connection or indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or internal communication or interactive relation between two elements. Those having ordinary skills in the prior art may interpret the specific meanings of the terms in the present invention in their context.

[0065] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified and defined explicitly, a first feature above or below a second feature may represent that the first feature and the second feature directly contact with each other or the first feature and the second feature contact with each other indirectly via an intermediate medium. In addition, a first feature above or over a second feature may represent that the first feature is right above or diagonally above the second feature, or may only represent that the elevation of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. A first feature being below or under a second feature may represent that the first feature is right below or diagonally below the second feature, or may only represent that the elevation of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0066] In an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction. Hereunder the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction in embodiments of the present invention will be detailed with reference to FIG. 1. According to the embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction comprises:

[0067] a reactor 100: according to the embodiments of the present invention, the reactor 100 comprises a reactor body 10, which defines a reaction space 11 in it; according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reaction space 11 forms a dispersion region 12, a pyrolysis region 13, and a discharge region 14 from top to bottom.

[0068] According to the embodiments of the present invention, multiple layers of regenerative radiant tubes 15 and a material distributor 16 are arranged in the reaction space 11.

[0069] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the reactor body 10 is arranged with a material inlet 101, a material distribution gas inlet 102, a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets 103, and a semi-coke outlet 104.

[0070] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the material inlet 101 is arranged in the dispersion region 12 above the material distributor 16, and is adapted to supply the material to the reaction space 11, so that the material is uniformly distributed via the material distributor in the pyrolysis region. Specifically, the material inlet 101 may be arranged on a side wall of the dispersion region 12.

[0071] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the material distribution gas inlet 102 is arranged in the dispersion region 12 and communicates with the material distributor 16, and is adapted to supply a material distribution gas (nitrogen, etc.) into the material distributor 16, so that the material in the material distributor 16 is blown out into the dispersion region 12 and thereby is uniformly distributed in the pyrolysis region; thus the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material is further improved. Specifically, the material distribution gas inlet 101 may be arranged on a side wall of the dispersion region 12.

[0072] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the multiple layers of regenerative radiant tubes 15 are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body 10 in the pyrolysis region 13, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of regenerative radiant tubes that are parallel to each other and evenly distributed, and each regenerative radiant tube is parallel to each of the regenerative radiant tubes in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes and is stagger from each regenerative radiant tube in adjacent upper and lower layers of regenerative radiant tubes in the height direction of the reactor body. According to a specific example of the present invention, the regenerative radiant tubes may be in diameter of 100-500 mm. Thus, the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be improved remarkably, and thereby the yield ratio of tar can be improved.

[0073] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal spacing and vertical spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes are 100-500 mm respectively and independently. It should be noted that the horizontal spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes may be comprehended as the spacing between the outer walls of regenerative radiant tubes in the same layer, and the vertical spacing between adjacent regenerative radiant tubes may be comprehended as the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent regenerative radiant tubes in adjacent upper and lower layers.

[0074] According to the embodiments of the present invention, multilayer regenerative radiant tubes may be 6-30 layers. The inventor has found that such an arrangement is helpful for creating a uniformly temperature field in the pyrolysis region and thereby remarkably improves the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material; thus, the yield ratio of tar can be improved.

[0075] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the regenerative radiant tubes are regenerative fuel gas radiant tubes; namely, the heat generated from combustion of a fuel gas is supplied through the radiant tube bodies by heat radiation. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a fuel gas regulating valve (not shown) may be provided on the regenerative radiant tubes. Thus, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the fuel gas regulating valve to adjust the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes, and thereby the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be improved significantly, and the tar yield ratio can be improved.

[0076] Specifically, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes, and a quick changeover value is utilized to control the temperature difference in the temperature field of a single radiant tube to be no more than 30 C. and thereby ensure temperature uniformity in the temperature field in the reaction space; in addition, through adjustment, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region is controlled with a range of 500-900 C.

[0077] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the material distributor 16 may be arranged inside the dispersion region 12 and is adapted to blow the material in the material distributor 16 into the dispersion region with an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen), so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly and thereby is dispersed uniformly in the pyrolysis region. Thus, compared with the traditional fast pyrolysis process, by utilizing the material distributor, the present invention omits a rotating (stirring) unit, and thereby significantly decreases the failure rate of the apparatus. It should be noted that the material distributor described here may be any device that blow out the material with a gas in the prior art. Specifically, the material distributor 16 may be arranged on the side wall of the dispersion region 12.

[0078] According to the embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets 103 may be arranged in the dispersion region 12 and/or pyrolysis region 13. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets 103 may be arranged on the top end of the dispersion region 12 and/or on the side wall of the pyrolysis region 13 respectively. The inventor has found: by using top-end export of gas and/or side-wall export of gas in combination, the semi-coke in the pyrolysis gas can settle down and be separated, and thereby the dust content in the pyrolysis gas can be decreased significantly. Viewed from the aspect of process design, gas export via the side wall of the pyrolysis region is preferred.

[0079] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the semi-coke outlet 104 may be arranged in the discharge region 14 and is adapted to discharge the semi-coke produced through pyrolysis out of the reaction space. Specifically, the semi-coke outlet 104 may be arranged on the bottom end of the discharge region 14.

[0080] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the inner wall surface of the dispersion region 12 may be in a spherical or conical shape. Thus, the material scattered by the material distributor can be dispersed into the pyrolysis region uniformly via the dispersion region, and thereby the efficiency of pyrolysis of the material can be further improved.

[0081] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the discharge region 14 may be in an inverted cone shape. Thus, the semi-coke produced through pyrolysis can be discharged successfully out of the discharge region.

[0082] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the height of the reactor body 10 may be 2-20 m. Thus, the material can be completely pyrolyzed.

[0083] The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to the embodiments of the present invention employs multiple sets of regenerative radiant tubes to provide heat sources for the pyrolysis process, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes, and the uniformity of temperature field is ensured by quick changeover and regenerative combustion at the two ends of the regenerative radiant tubes; thus, the efficiency of fast pyrolysis of the material can be significantly improved and thereby the tar yield ratio can be improved. Besides, compared with traditional pyrolysis reaction apparatuses that use a gas heat carrier or solid heat carrier as a heat source for pyrolysis, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction according to the present invention doesn't require a preheating unit and a carrier separation unit, and thereby greatly simplifies the process flow of fast pyrolysis reaction and significantly decreases the failure rate of the apparatus and lowers the dust content in the obtained tar. In addition, the apparatus in the present invention employs a material distributor to uniformly distribute the material in the pyrolysis region and prevent abrasion of the radiant tubes resulted from the material, and thereby the operation stability of the apparatus is significantly improved.

[0084] According to the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction further comprises:

[0085] a screw discharger 200: according to the embodiments of the present invention, the screw discharger 200 is arranged in an upwardly inclined manner below the reactor body 10 and is connected to the semi-coke outlet 104.

[0086] Specifically, the temperature in the pyrolysis process can be controlled accurately by adjusting the flow rate of the fuel gas charged into the regenerative radiant tubes with an adjusting value on the fuel gas pipeline, so that the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region is controlled within a range of 500-900 C. The material enters into the reaction space via the material inlet, is scattered by the material distributor located below the material inlet and is dispersed in the dispersion region, so that the material is uniformly dispersed in the pyrolysis region and has a pyrolysis reaction; the pyrolysis gas produced in the pyrolysis reaction is exported via the pyrolysis gas outlets on the side wall and top end of the reactor body, and the majority of small semi-coke particles carried in the pyrolysis gas are settled down; the obtained pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust collector and then is cooled to obtain tar, while the semi-coke produced in the pyrolysis process is discharged out of the reactor body via the screw discharger; then, the obtained semi-coke is cooled to a temperature lower than 80 C., and the material is retained in the reactor for 2-30 s.

[0087] Hereunder the present invention will be described with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that those embodiments are only provided to describe the present invention rather than constitute any limitation to the present invention in any way.

Example 1

[0088] The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction shown in FIGS. 1-2 is utilized in the example 1. The particle size of lignite raw material to be pyrolyzed is about 1 mm or less, and the moisture content in the lignite is 15.2 wt %. The analytical data of the lignite is shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Analytical Data of Lignite Industrial analysis Total Gray-king Heat Mad Ad Vad sulfur Std tar Tar value (%) (%) (%) (wt %) (wt %) (MJ/kg) 15.2 6.7 43 0.1 8.2 22.55

[0089] The main dimensions of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction are as follows: The regenerative radiant tubes are round tubes in 300 mm diameter, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in each layer in the horizontal direction is 200 mm, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in upper and lower layers is 300 mm, 15 layers of regenerative radiant tubes are provided, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region and the temperatures in the regions of the reactor are adjusted as indicated in table 2, the average retention time of the material in the reactor is 2.9 s, wherein, the yield ratio of tar is 11.7 wt %, and the tar is obtained after the exported pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust extractor and cooled, the dust content in the tar is 2.7 wt %, the yield ratio of combustible gas is 15.8 wt %, the yield ratio of semi-coke is 58.4 wt %, the yield ratio of tar is higher than that obtained with a Gray-king method by 42.6 wt %, the material temperature at the semi-coke outlet is 513 C., the semi-coke discharged via the screw discharger is at 52 C. temperature, and is packed in bags and transported away.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Technological Operation Parameters No. Name of Parameter Value 1 Temperature in radiant tubes in 550 C. preheating section 2 Temperature in preheating section 452 C. of reactor 3 Temperature in radiant tubes in fast 500 C. pyrolysis section 4 Temperature in fast pyrolysis section 487 C. of reactor 5 Temperature in radiant tubes in 500 C. complete pyrolysis section 6 Temperature in complete pyrolysis 492 C. section of reactor

Example 2

[0090] The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction shown in FIGS. 1-2 is utilized in this example. The lignite raw material to be pyrolyzed is the same as the lignite raw material treated in the example 1.

[0091] The main dimensions of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction are as follows: The regenerative radiant tubes are round tubes in 100 mm diameter, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in each layer in the horizontal direction is 100 mm, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in upper and lower layers is 200 mm, 30 layers of regenerative radiant tubes are provided, the particle size of the lignite to be treated is 1 mm or less, the moisture content in the lignite is 15.2 wt %, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region and the temperatures in the regions of the reactor are adjusted as indicated in table 3, the average retention time of the material in the reactor is 30 s, wherein, the yield ratio of tar is 13.2 wt %, and the tar is obtained after the exported pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust extractor and cooled, the dust content in the tar is 2.4 wt %, the yield ratio of combustible gas is 16.7 wt %, the yield ratio of semi-coke is 51.4 wt %, the yield ratio of tar is higher than that obtained with a Gray-king method by 61.0 wt %, the material temperature at the semi-coke outlet is 501 C., the semi-coke discharged via the screw discharger is at 48 C. temperature, and is packed in bags and transported away.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Technological Operation Parameters No. Name of Parameter Value 1 Temperature in radiant tubes in 900 C. preheating section 2 Temperature in preheating section 490 C. of reactor 3 Temperature in radiant tubes in fast 800 C. pyrolysis section 4 Temperature in fast pyrolysis section 557 C. of reactor 5 Temperature in radiant tubes in 800 C. complete pyrolysis section 6 Temperature in complete pyrolysis 596 C. section of reactor

Example 3

[0092] The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction shown in FIGS. 1-2 is utilized in this example. The lignite raw material to be pyrolyzed is the same as the lignite raw material treated in the example 1.

[0093] The main dimensions of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction are as follows: The regenerative radiant tubes are round tubes in 500 mm diameter, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in each layer in the horizontal direction is 500 mm, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in upper and lower layers is 450 mm, 10 layers of regenerative radiant tubes are provided, the particle size of the lignite to be treated is 1 mm or less, the moisture content in the lignite is 15.2%, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region and the temperatures in the regions of the reactor are adjusted to be the same values as those used in the example 1, the average retention time of the material in the reactor is 15.6 s, wherein, the yield ratio of tar is 12.4 wt %, and the tar is obtained after the exported pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust extractor and cooled, the dust content in the tar is lower than 2.9 wt %, the yield ratio of combustible gas is 16.1 wt %, the yield ratio of semi-coke is 53.3 wt %, the yield ratio of tar is higher than that obtained with a Gray-king method by 51.2 wt %, the material temperature at the semi-coke outlet is 544 C., the semi-coke discharged via the screw discharger is at 45 C. temperature, and is packed in bags and transported away.

Example 4

[0094] The apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction shown in FIGS. 1-2 is utilized in this example. The lignite raw material to be pyrolyzed is the same as the lignite raw material treated in the example 1.

[0095] The main dimensions of the apparatus for fast pyrolysis reaction are as follows: The regenerative radiant tubes are round tubes in 500 mm diameter, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in each layer in the horizontal direction is 500 mm, the spacing between the outer walls of adjacent radiant tubes in upper and lower layers is 500 mm, 6 layers of regenerative radiant tubes are provided, the particle size of the lignite to be treated is 1 mm or less, the moisture content in the lignite is 15.2 wt %, the temperature in the regenerative radiant tubes in the pyrolysis region and the temperatures in the regions of the reactor are adjusted to be the same values as those used in the example 2, the average retention time of the material in the reactor is 2 s, wherein, the yield ratio of tar is 12.2 wt %, and the tar is obtained after the discharged pyrolysis gas is de-dusted in a conventional cyclone dust extractor and cooled, the dust content in the tar is lower than 3 wt %, the yield ratio of combustible gas is 14.4 wt %, the yield ratio of semi-coke is 58.9 wt %, the yield ratio of tar is higher than that obtained with a Gray-king method by 36.6 wt %, the material temperature at the semi-coke outlet is 587 C., the semi-coke discharged via the screw discharger is at 58 C. temperature, and is packed in bags and transported away.

[0096] In the description of the present invention, the expressions of reference terms an embodiment, some embodiments, an example, specific example, or some examples mean that the specific aspects, structures, materials or features described in those embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this document, the exemplary expression of the above terms may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined appropriately in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine or assemble different embodiments or examples and features in different embodiments or examples described herein, provided that there is no contradiction between them.

[0097] While the present invention is illustrated and described above in examples, it should be understood that the examples are exemplary only and shall not be deemed as constituting any limitation to the present invention. Those skilled in the art can made variations, modifications, and replacements to the examples within the scope of the present invention.