COMPOSITION FOR DESTRUCTION OF MICROALGAE OR SPHAEROCARPUS

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a composition for the destruction of microalgae or mosses. The composition for the destruction of microalgae or mosses may suppress the growth and proliferation of microalgae when treated in moss cultivation facilities, marine microalgae cultivation facilities, areas in which green or red tide is occurring, or areas in which green or red tide is expected to occur, thereby preventing damage caused by the green or red tide.

Claims

1. A composition for destroying microalgae or mosses, the composition comprising a compound represented by one of Formulae 1 to 3 or a salt thereof as an active ingredient: ##STR00018## wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, N(R.sub.11)(R.sub.12), a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3, R.sub.11, and R.sub.12 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, b1 to b3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 5, wherein at least two R.sub.1s are the same as or different from each other when b1 is 2 or greater, at least two R.sub.2s are the same as or different from each other when b2 is 2 or greater, and at least two R.sub.3s are the same as or different from each other when b3 is 2 or greater, n1 to n3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 10, and at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, and the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group is selected from deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 are each independently selected from N(R.sub.11)(R.sub.12), a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heteroaryl group.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-16: ##STR00019## ##STR00020## wherein, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-16, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 and R.sub.21 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, b11 is an integer of 0 to 2, b12 is an integer of 0 to 3, b13 is an integer of 0 to 4, b14 is an integer of 0 to 5, b15 is an integer of 0 to 6, b16 is an integer of 0 to 7, and * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-16, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each independently selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group; and a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group, each substituted with a OH group, and R.sub.21 is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, and OH.

5. The composition of claim 3, wherein, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-16, b11 to b16 are each independently 0 or 1.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-23: ##STR00021## ##STR00022## wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-23, * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, and OH.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, b1 to b3 are each independently 0, 1, or 2.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are Br or OH when b1 to b3 are each 1; and R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are each Cl when b1 to b3 are each 2.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, two R.sub.1s, two R.sub.2s, and two R.sub.3s are in a para position when b1 to b3 are each 2.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein n1 to n3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least one of compounds represented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-6, 2-1 to 2-6, and 3-1 to 3-6 or a salt thereof as an active ingredient: ##STR00023## ##STR00024## wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-6, 2-1 to 2-6, and 3-1 to 3-6, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 and n1 to n3 are the same as those defined in Formulae 1 to 3.

14. The composition of claim 13, wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-6, 2-1 to 2-6, and 3-1 to 3-6, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-23, and n1 to n3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3: ##STR00025## ##STR00026## wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-23, * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least one compound selected from compounds 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 or a salt thereof as an active ingredient: ##STR00027## ##STR00028## ##STR00029## ##STR00030## ##STR00031## ##STR00032## ##STR00033##

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the microalgae are selected from blue-green algae, diatoms, green algae, euglenoid algae, flagellates, yellow-green algae, Dinophyta, raphidophytes, and algae with a biodiesel-producing ability.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mosses are selected from the class Takakiopsida, the class Sphagnopsida, the class Andreaeopsida, the class Andreaeobryopsida, the class Oedipodiopsida, the class Polytrichopsida, the class Tetraphidopsida, and the class Bryopsida.

18. The composition of claim 16, wherein the blue-green algae are selected from the genus Microcystis, the genus Anabaena, the genus Aphanizomenon, and the genus Oscillatoria.

19. The composition of claim 16, wherein the diatoms are selected the genus Synedra, the genus Asterionella, the genus Cyclotella, the genus Melosira, the genus Skeletonema costatum, the genus Chaetoceros, the genus Thalassiosira, the genus Leptocylindrus, the genus Nitzschia, the genus Cylindrotheca, the genus Eucampia, and the genus Odontella.

20. The composition of claim 16, wherein the green algae are selected from the genus Closterium, the genus Pediastrum, and the genus Scenedesmus.

21. The composition of claim 16, wherein the euglenoid algae are of the genus Trachelomonas or the genus Euglena.

22. The composition of claim 16, wherein the flagellates are selected from the genus Peridinium, the genus Heterosigma, the genus Heterocapsa, the genus Cochlodinium, the genus Prorocentrum, the genus Ceratium, the genus Noctiluca, the genus Scrippsiella, the genus dinophysis, the genus Alexandrium, the genus Eutreptiella, the genus Pfiesteria, the genus Chattonella, the genus Emiliania, and the genus Gymnodinium.

23. The composition of claim 16, wherein the yellow-green algae are of the genus Uroglena.

24. The composition of claim 16, wherein the Dinophyta and the raphidophytes are selected from the genus Heterosigma, the genus Heterocapsa, the genus Cochlodinium, the genus Prorocentrum, the genus Ceratium, the genus Noctiluca, the genus Scrippsiella, the genus dinophysis, the genus Alexandrium, the genus Eutreptiella, the genus Pfiesteria, the genus Chattonella, the genus Emiliania, and the genus Gymnodinium.

25. The composition of claim 16, wherein the algae with a biodiesel-producing ability is selected the genus Pseudochoricystis, the genus Botryococcus, and the genus Dunaliella.

26. A method of destroying microalgae or mosses, the method comprising treating a moss cultivation facility, a marine microalgae cultivation facility, an area in which green or red tide is occurring, or an area in which green or red tide is expected to occur with the composition of claim 1 for destroying microalgae or mosses.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] FIG. 1 shows viable cell ratios of four types of microalgae of Chattonella Marina, Heterosigma circularisquama, Cochlodinium Polykrikoides, and Heterosigma with respect to time, when culture solutions of the four microalgae were each treated with Compound 35 of Example 1 in Evaluation Example 2.

[0026] FIG. 2 shows microscope images as results of the treatment of the four microalgae with Compound 35 in Evaluation Example 2, wherein (a), (b), (c) and (d) represent Cochlodinium Polykrikoides, Heterosigma, Heterosigma circularisquama, and Chattonella Marina, respectively; and (a)-1, (a)-3, (b)-1, (c)-1, and (d)-1 represent control groups of the microalgae not treated with Compound 35.

[0027] FIG. 3 shows viable cell counts of Microcystis with respect to time when Microcystis was treated with Compound 2 in Evaluation 2.

[0028] FIG. 4 shows a result of a toxicity test performed on Daphnia magna according to Evaluation Example 3 using Compounds 33 and 35.

[0029] FIG. 5 shows a result of a toxicity test performed on Danio rerio according to Evaluation Example 4 using Compounds 33 and 35.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0030] In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, a composition for destroying microalgae or mosses includes a compound represented by one of Formulae 1 to 3 or a salt thereof as an active ingredient:

##STR00002##

[0031] In Formulae 1 to 3, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, N(R.sub.11)(R.sub.12), a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, and

[0032] R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group.

[0033] For example, in Formulae 1 to 3, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 may each independently be selected from N(R.sub.11)(R.sub.12), a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heteroaryl group. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0034] In some embodiments, in Formulae 1 to 3, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-16. However, embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00003## ##STR00004##

[0035] In Formulae 4-1 to 4-16, * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0036] In Formulae 4-1 to 4-16, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, and R.sub.21 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group.

[0037] For example, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-16, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 may each independently be selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group; and

[0038] a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group, each substituted with OH group, and

[0039] R.sub.21 may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, and OH. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0040] In Formulae 4-1 to 4-16,

[0041] b11 may be an integer of 0 to 2,

[0042] b12 may be an integer of 0 to 3,

[0043] b13 may be an integer of 0 to 4,

[0044] b14 may be an integer of 0 to 5,

[0045] b15 may be an integer of 0 to 6, and

[0046] b16 may be an integer of 0 to 7,

[0047] wherein b11 indicates the number of R.sub.21s. For example, when b11 is 2 or greater, at least two of R.sub.21s may be the same or differ from each other. The meanings of b12 to b16 may also be understood based on the description of b11 and the structures of Formula 4-1 to 4-16.

[0048] For example, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-16, b11 to b16 may each independently be 0 or 1.

[0049] In some embodiments, in Formulae 1 to 3, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-23. However, embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00005## ##STR00006##

[0050] In Formulae 5-1 to 5-23, * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

[0051] In Formulae 1 to 3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group.

[0052] For example, in Formulae 1 to 3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0053] For example, in Formulae 1 to 3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, and OH.

[0054] In Formulae 1 to 3, b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5. When b1 is 2 or greater, at least two of R.sub.1s may be the same or differ from each other. When b2 is 2 or greater, at least two of R.sub.2s may be the same of differ from each other. When b3 is 2 or greater, at least two of R.sub.3s may be the same or differ from each other.

[0055] For example, in Formulae 1 to 3, b1 to b3 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0056] In some embodiments, in Formulae 1 to 3, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 may be Br or OH when b1 to b3 are each 1; and R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 may be Cl when b1 to b3 are each 2.

[0057] In some embodiments, in Formulae 1 to 3, two R.sub.1s, two R.sub.2s, and two R.sub.3s may be in a para position when b1 to b3 are each 2.

[0058] In Formulae 1 to 3, n1 to n3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10.

[0059] For example, in Formulae 1 to 3, n1 to n3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0060] In some embodiments, the composition for destroying microalgae or mosses may include at least one of compounds represented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-6, 2-1 to 2-6, and 3-1 to 3-6 or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. However, embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00007## ##STR00008##

[0061] In Formulae 1-1 to 1-6, Formulae 2-1 to 2-6, and Formulae 3-1 to 3-6, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3, and n1 to n3 may have the same definitions as those described above.

[0062] For example, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-6, Formulae 2-1 to 2-6, and Formulae 3-1 to 3-6, A.sub.1 to A.sub.3 may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-23.

##STR00009## ##STR00010##

[0063] In Formulae 5-1 to 5-23, * is a binding site to a neighboring atom; and n1 to n3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3.

[0064] In some embodiments, the composition for deconstructing microalgae or mosses may include at least one of compounds 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. However, embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00011## ##STR00012## ##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015## ##STR00016## ##STR00017##

[0065] An effect of destroying microalgae or mosses, and in particular, harmful algae causing green tide or red tide, is influenced by the chemical structure of a specific substituent of a compound included in the composition for destroying microalgae or mosses. Accordingly, to increase the effect of destroying microalgae or mosses, a substituent having good algicidal activity is required. The composition for destroying microalgae or mosses may need to have good algicidal activity that is strong enough to destroy algae when a small amount of the composition is used, without causing secondary contamination.

[0066] The inventors of the present disclosure found that a compound represented by Formula 1 including a benzylamine group, a compound represented by Formula 2 including a benzamide group, and a compound represented by Formula 3 including a phenyl prophenone group have good algicidal activity.

[0067] As used herein, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group may refer to a monovalent linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.

[0068] As used herein, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group may refer to a monovalent group represented by OA.sub.101 (wherein A.sub.101 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group as described above. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a propoxy group.

[0069] As used herein, a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group may refer to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon double bond in the middle or terminal of the C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group are an ethenyl group, a prophenyl group, and a butenyl group.

[0070] As used herein, a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group may refer to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon triple bond in the middle or terminal of the C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group are an ethynyl group and a propynyl group.

[0071] As used herein, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group may refer to a monovalent, monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group.

[0072] As used herein, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group may refer to a monovalent monocyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S is included as a ring-forming atom. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group are a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group.

[0073] As used herein, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group may refer to a monovalent monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and including at least one double bond in the ring, but not having aromaticity. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group.

[0074] As used herein, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group may refer to a monovalent monocyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and having at least one double bond in the ring. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group.

[0075] As used herein, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group may refer to a monovalent, aromatic carbocyclic group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group includes at least two rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

[0076] As used herein, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group may refer to a monovalent, aromatic carbocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom. Non-limiting examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group are a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl includes at least two rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

[0077] At least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, and the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group may be selected from deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group.

[0078] As used herein, a salt of a compound according to the one or more embodiments may be prepared in the same reaction system during final separation, purification, and synthesis processes, or may be prepared separately by reaction with an inorganic base or an organic base. When a compound according to one or more embodiments includes an acidic group, the compound may form a salt with a base. For example, this salt may include, but is not limited to, an alkali metal salt such as a lithium salt, a sodium salt or a potassium salt; an alkali earth metal salt such as a barium salt or calcium salt; other metal salts such as a magnesium salt; an organic base salt such as a salt of dicyclohexylamine; and a salt of a basic amino acid such as lysine or arginine. When a compound according to one or more embodiments includes a basic group in molecular, the compound may form an acid addition salt. Examples of this acid addition salt may include, but are not limited to, an inorganic acid, and in particular, a salt of a hydrohalogenic acid (e.g., hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid or hydrochloric acid), nitric acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid; a salt of a low alkyl sulfonic acid such as methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, or ethanesulfonic acid; a salt of benzenesulfonic acid or p-toluene sulfonic acid; a salt of an organic carboxylic acid such as acetic acid, tumaric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, or citric acid; and a salt of an amino acid such as glutamic acid or aspartic acid.

[0079] The compound according to one or more embodiments may include a derivative in the form of a hydrate or a solvate of the compound (J. M. Keith, 2004, Trahedron Letters, 45(13), 2739-2742).

[0080] The compound according to the one or more embodiments may be isolated from nature or may be prepared using a chemical synthesis method known in the art, for example, usually by reacting a substituent compound with an appropriate reaction solvent to obtain an intermediate product and then reacting the intermediate product in a suitable reaction solvent.

[0081] The reaction solvent which may be used in the preparation process is not specifically limited as long as it is not involved in a reaction. Examples of the reaction solvent may include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform; amines such as pyridine, piperidine, and triethylamine; acetone; alkyl ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol; aprotic polar solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, and hexamethylphosphoric triamide. In particular, among non-reactive organic solvents generally used in organic synthesis, a solvent capable of isolating water during reaction with a Dean-Stark trap may be used. Examples of such a solvent include benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. Separation and purification of a reaction product may be carried out through a process that is usually performed such as concentration, extraction, and the like. For example, separation and purification may be performed through a purification process by column chromatography on silica gel if needed.

[0082] The present disclosure may also include any modification of methods of preparing compounds according to the one or more embodiments, wherein an intermediate product obtained in any step may be used as a starting material for the remaining steps, wherein the starting material may be formed in a reaction system under reaction conditions, and the reaction components may be used in the form of a salt or an optical enantiomer.

[0083] According to types of substituents, intermediate products, and a preparation method selected to prepare the compound according to one or more embodiments, any possible isomer forms, for example, substantially pure geometric (cis or trans) isomers, optical isomers (enantiomers), or racemates may also be within the scope of the present invention.

[0084] In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of destroying microalgae or mosses by using the composition for destroying microalgae or mosses, according to the one or more embodiments. The method of destroying microalgae or mosses may include treating a moss cultivation facility, a marine microalgae cultivation facility, an area in which green or red tide is occurring, or an area in which green or red tide is expected to occur, with the composition for destroying microalgae or mosses, according to the one or more embodiments.

[0085] The microalgae or mosses may be algae or mosses which may cause green tide or red tide or which may have a biodiesel-producing ability. For example, the algae may be selected from blue-green algae, diatoms, green algae, euglenoid algae, flagellates, yellow-green algae, Dinophyta, Raphidophytes, and algae with a biodiesel-producing ability. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0086] Mosses refer to plants belonging to Bryophyta or mosses that mostly grow in wet or shady areas. As used herein, the mosses may be selected from the class Takakiopsida, the class Sphagnopsida, the class Andreaeopsida, the class Andreaeobryopsida, the class Oedipodiopsida, the class Polytrichopsida, the class Tetraphidopsida, and the class Bryopsida. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0087] The blue-green algae may be selected from the genus Microcystis, the genus Anabaena, the genus Aphanizomenon, and the genus Oscillatoria. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0088] The diatoms may be selected from the genus Synedra, the genus Asterionella, the genus Cyclotella, the genus Melosira, the genus Skeletonema costatum, the genus Chaetoceros, the genus Thalassiosira, the genus Leptocylindrus, the genus Nitzschia, the genus Cylindrotheca, the genus Eucampia, and the genus Odontella. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0089] The green algae may be selected from the genus Closterium, the genus Pediastrum, and the genus Scenedesmus. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0090] The euglenoid algae may be of the genus Trachelomonas or the genus Euglena. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0091] The flagellates may be selected from algae of the genus Peridinium, the genus Heterosigma, the genus Heterocapsa, the genus Cochlodinium, the genus Prorocentrum, the genus Ceratium, the genus Noctiluca, the genus Scrippsiella, the genus dinophysis, the genus Alexandrium, the genus Eutreptiella, the genus Pfiesteria, the genus Chattonella, the genus Emiliania, and the genus Gymnodinium. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0092] The yellow-green algae may be of the genus Uroglena. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0093] The Dinophyta and the raphidophytes may be selected from the genus Heterosigma, the genus Heterocapsa, the genus Cochlodinium, the genus Prorocentrum, the genus Ceratium, the genus Noctiluca, the genus Scrippsiella, the genus dinophysis, the genus Alexandrium, the genus Eutreptiella, the genus Pfiesteria, the genus Chattonella, the genus Emiliania, and the genus Gymnodinium. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0094] The algae with a biodiesel-producing ability may be selected from the genus Pseudochoricystis, the genus Botryococcus, and the genus Dunaliella. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0095] When the composition for destroying microalgae or mosses, according to the one or more embodiments, including the compounds represented by Formulae 1 to 51 or a salt thereof, is used to treat a moss cultivation facility, a marine microalgae cultivation facility, an area in which green or red tide is occurring, or an area in which green or red tide is expected to occur, the use amount of the composition may be appropriately selected such that a final concentration of the composition remaining in the treated area reaches 1 M to 100 M, for example, about 1 M to 30 M.

[0096] One or more embodiments of the composition for destroying microalgae or mosses will now be described in detail with reference to the following examples. However, these examples are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

EXAMPLES: PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS

[0097] All compounds used for synthesis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, TCI, Junsei, and Merck. Moisture-sensitive compounds were reacted under a N.sub.2 atmosphere.

[0098] Each compound was analyzed by .sup.1H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, YH300, Oxford Instruments) using tetramethylsilane (TMA) in CDCl.sub.3 or DMSO as a standard sample at 300 MHz and 296K. The chemical shifts in NMR were expressed in parts per million (ppm), and J-coupling constants were expressed in Hertz (Hz).

Example 1

Synthesis of Compound 1 (N-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-N,N-diethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine)

[0099] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.664 g (5.714 mmol) of N,N-diethylethylenediamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of N-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-N,N-diethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine.

[0100] Yield: 89.5%

[0101] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.44 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 1H), 2.68 (m, 8H), 1.06 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 6H)

Example 2

Synthesis of Compound 2 (N-(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-N,N-diethyl-propane-1,3-diamine)

[0102] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.744 g (5.714 mmol) of N,N-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of N-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-N,N-diethyl-propane-1,3-diamine.

[0103] Yield: 90.75%

[0104] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 2.66 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (m, 6H), 1.72 (m, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 1.05 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 6H)

Example 3

Synthesis of Compound 3 (N-(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine)

[0105] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.503 g (5.714 mmol) of N,N-dimethylethylenediamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of N-(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine.

[0106] Yield: 93.2%

[0107] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.44 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J=8.4 and 2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 2.68 (m, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 6H), 2.12 (s, 1H)

Example 5

Synthesis of Compound 5 ((3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-amine)

[0108] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.429 g (5.714 mmol) of 2-methoxyethylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of 3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-amine.

[0109] Yield: 92.1%

[0110] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.45 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 3.52 (t, J=5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.79 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 2H)

Example 6

Synthesis of Compound 6 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(4,4-dimethoxy-butyl)-amine)

[0111] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.761 g (5.714 mmol) of 4-aminobutyraldehyde dimethyl acetal was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of (3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-(4,4-dimethoxy-butyl)-amine.

[0112] Yield: 87.15%

[0113] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (t, J=5.49 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.31 (s, 6H), 2.64 (t, 2H), 1.69 (m, 4H)

Example 7

Synthesis of Compound 7 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amine))

[0114] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.498 g (5.714 mmol) of isoamylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-(3-methyl-butyl)-amine.

[0115] Yield: 94%

[0116] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=2.19 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.19 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 2.63 (t, 2H), 1.70 (m, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (m, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.28 (b, 1H), 0.90 (d, 6H)

Example 8

Synthesis of Compound 8 (N-(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diamine)

[0117] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.583 g (5.714 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of N-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diamine.

[0118] Yield: 89.9%

[0119] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.4 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 2.66 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s, 6H), 1.72 (m, J=6.9 Hz, 3H)

Example 9

Synthesis of Compound 9 (3,4-Dichloro-N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-benzamide)

[0120] After 1 g (4.774 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride was dissolved in 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF), 0.621 g (4.774 mmol) of N,N-diethylethylenediamine was added thereto, and 1 mL (7.161 mmol) of triethylamine was slowly added and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted three times with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of 3,4-dichloro-N-(2-diethylamino-ethyl)-benzamide.

[0121] Yield: 94.1%

[0122] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.90 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.1 (b, 1H), 3.51 (m, J=5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (m, J=6.9 Hz, 4H), 1.08 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 6H)

Example 10

Synthesis of Compound 10 (3,4-Dichloro-N-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-benzamide)

[0123] After 1 g (4.774 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride was dissolved in 20 mL of THF, 0.420 g (4.774 mmol) of N,N-diethylethylenediamine was added thereto, and 1 mL (7.161 mmol) of triethylamine was slowly added and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted three times 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow solid of 3,4-Dichloro-N-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-benzamide.

[0124] Yield: 95%

[0125] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.91 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (b, 1H), 3.55 (m, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.58 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 6H)

Example 12

Synthesis of Compound 12 (3,4-Dichloro-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-benzamide)

[0126] After 1 g (4.774 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride was dissolved in 20 mL of THF, 0.487 g (4.774 mmol) of dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine was added thereto, and 1 mL (7.161 mmol) of triethylamine was slowly added and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted three times with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a red solid of 3,4-dichloro-N-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-benzamide.

[0127] Yield: 97.6%

[0128] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 9.02 (b, 1H), 7.88 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=8.4 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (m, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (s, 6H), 1.84 (m, J=5.8 Hz, 2H)

Example 13

Synthesis of Compound 13 (3,4-Dichloro-N-(3-diethylamino-propyl)-benzamide)

[0129] After 1 g (4.774 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride was dissolved in 20 mL of THF, 0.621 g (4.774 mmol) of N,N-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane was added thereto, and 1 mL (7.161 mmol) of triethylamine was slowly added and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted three times with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a pale-yellow solid of 3,4-dichloro-N-(3-diethylamino-propyl)-benzamide.

[0130] Yield: 91.2%

[0131] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 9.31 (b, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=8.4 and 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (m, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (m, 6H), 1.81 (m, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 1.09 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 6H)

Example 17

Synthesis of Compound 17 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-ethyl-amine)

[0132] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.257 g (5.714 mmol) of ethylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-ethyl-amine.

[0133] Yield: 95.4%

[0134] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.4 and 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 2.69 (m, J=6.9, 2H), 1.28 (b, 1H), 1.15 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H)

Example 18

Synthesis of Compound 18 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-propyl-amine)

[0135] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.337 g (5.714 mmol) of propylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-propyl-amine.

[0136] Yield: 94.3%

[0137] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.45 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.4 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 2.58 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.58 (m, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (b, 1H), 0.94 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H)

Example 19

Synthesis of Compound 19 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-phenyl-amine)

[0138] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.532 g (5.714 mmol) of aniline was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-phenyl-amine.

[0139] Yield: 87%

[0140] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.45 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.2 (m, 3H), 6.76 (tt, J=7.3 and 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (dt, J=7.3 and 1.0 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (s, 2H), 4.10 (b, 1H)

Example 20

Synthesis of Compound 20 (Butyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0141] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.417 g (5.714 mmol) of buthylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of butyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0142] Yield: 93.4%

[0143] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.0 and 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=6.9 and 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.53 (m, J=6.9 Hz, 4H), 1.25 (b, 1H), 0.93 (t, J=7.32 Hz, 3H)

Example 21

Synthesis of Compound 21 ((4-Chloro-phenyl)-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0144] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.728 g (5.714 mmol) of 4-chloroaniline was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (4-Chloro-phenyl)-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0145] Yield: 89%

[0146] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.44 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dt, J=9.8 and 2.2 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (dt, J=9.8 and 2.2 Hz, 2H), 4.28 (s, 2H), 4.14 (b, 1H)

Example 22

Synthesis of Compound 22 (3-(3,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-propenone)

[0147] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 20 mL of ethanol, 0.686 g (5.714 mmol) of acetophenone was added thereto and completely dissolved. While the resulting mixture was stirred at about 0 C. or lower, 1.2 mL of 4M NaOH was slowly dropwise added thereto and stirred at room temperature for about 3 hours. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the starting materials were not detected any longer, the resulting reaction product was washed with cold ethanol and then filtered. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a white solid of 3-(3,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-propenone.

[0148] Yield: 73.2%

[0149] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.04 (dt, 2H), 7.74 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.64 (tt, 1H), 7.55 (m, 5H)

Example 23

Synthesis of Compound 23 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-amine)

[0150] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.640 g (5.714 mmol) of 4-fluoroaniline was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-amine.

[0151] Yield: 86%

[0152] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.46 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz 1H), 6.91 (m, 2H), 6.53 (m, 2H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 4.01 (b, 1H)

Example 24

Synthesis of Compound 24 (1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-3-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-propenone)

[0153] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 20 mL of ethanol, 4-0.883 g (5.714 mmol) of chloroacetophenone was added thereto and completely dissolved. While the resulting mixture was stirred at about 0 C. or lower, 1.2 mL of 4M NaOH was slowly dropwise added thereto and stirred at room temperature for about 3 hours. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the starting materials were not detected any longer, the resulting reaction product was washed with cold ethanol and then filtered. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a white solid of 3-(3,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-propenone.

[0154] Yield: 75.8%

[0155] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.99 (dt, 2H), 7.74 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.52 (m, 5H)

Example 25

Synthesis of Compound 25 ((4-Bromo-phenyl)-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0156] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.982 g (5.714 mmol) of 4-bromoaniline was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (4-Bromo-phenyl)-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0157] Yield: 30.5%

[0158] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.44 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (tt, 2H), 7.19 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (tt, 2H), 4.29 (d, 2H), 4.16 (b, 1H)

Example 26

Synthesis of Compound 26 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amine)

[0159] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.617 g (5.714 mmol) of 2-picolylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a red liquid of (3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amine.

[0160] Yield: 73.3%

[0161] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.57 (d, 1H), 7.68 (td, J=7.6 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 2.16 (b, 1H)

Example 27

Synthesis of Compound 27 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-amine)

[0162] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.617 g (5.714 mmol) of 3-icolylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and methanol as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-amine.

[0163] Yield: 69.8%

[0164] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.57 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (dd, J=4.7 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.43 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.4 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 2.04 (b, 1H)

Example 28

Synthesis of Compound 28 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-amine)

[0165] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.617 g (5.714 mmol) of 4-picolylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and methanol as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-amine.

[0166] Yield: 72%

[0167] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.57 (dd, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (dd, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.83 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 1.75 (b, 1H)

Example 29

Synthesis of Compound 29 (Benzyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0168] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.612 g (5.714 mmol) of benzylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a pale-yellow liquid of benzyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0169] Yield: 89.1%

[0170] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.47 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.74 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.73 (m, 5H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 1.60 (b, 1H)

Example 30

Synthesis of Compound 30 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl)-amine)

[0171] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.698 g (5.714 mmol) of 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyridine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and methanol as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl)-amine.

[0172] Yield: 76.7%

[0173] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.53 (d, 2H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 3H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.37 (b, 1H)

Example 31

Synthesis of Compound 31 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl)-amine)

[0174] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.698 g (5.714 mmol) of 3-(2-Aminoethyl)pyridine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and methanol as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-3-yl-ethyl)-amine.

[0175] Yield: 62.24%

[0176] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.48 (s, 2H), 7.54 (dt, 1H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J=8.4 and 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 2.90 (m, 4H)

Example 32

Synthesis of Compound 32 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine)

[0177] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.698 g (5.714 mmol) of 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and methanol as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a dark-yellow liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine.

[0178] Yield: 37.3%

[0179] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.55 (d, 1H), 7.64 (td, J=7.6 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=1.8 Hz 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (m, 3H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.01 (m, 4H)

Example 33

Synthesis of Compound 33 (Cyclopentyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0180] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.486 g (5.714 mmol) of cyclopentylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a pale-yellow liquid of cyclopentyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0181] Yield: 96%

[0182] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.44 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 3.12 (m, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 1.87 (m, 8H)

Example 34

Synthesis of Compound 34 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-phenethyl-amine)

[0183] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.692 g (5.714 mmol) of 2-phenylethylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of (3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-phenethyl-amine.

[0184] Yield: 87.4%

[0185] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.38 (m, 7H), 7.12 (dd, J=8.4 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 2.89 (m, 4H)

Example 35

Synthesis of Compound 35 (Cyclohexyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0186] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.566 g (5.714 mmol) of cyclohexylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a yellow liquid of cyclohexyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0187] Yield: 70.2%

[0188] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.44 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 2.47 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 10H)

Example 36

Synthesis of Compound 36 (Cycloheptyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0189] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.646 g (5.714 mmol) of cycloheptylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a liquid of cycloheptyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0190] Yield: 64%

[0191] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.44 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.4 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 2.47 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 12H)

Example 37

Synthesis of Compound 37 (Benzyl-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine)

[0192] After 1 g (9.423 mmol) of benzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 1.151 g (9.423 mmol) of 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a pale-red liquid of benzyl-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine.

[0193] Yield: 87%

[0194] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.53 (d, 1H), 7.61 (td, J=7.6 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (m, 7H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.08 (m, 4H)

Example 38

Synthesis of Compound 38 (2-[(2-Pyridin-2-yl-ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol)

[0195] After 1 g (8.189 mmol) of salicylaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 1.000 g (8.189 mmol) of 2-(2-Aminoethyl)pyridine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.46 g (12.28 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of 2-[(2-Pyridin-2-yl-ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol.

[0196] Yield: 52.5%

[0197] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.53 (d, 1H), 7.64 (td, J=7.7 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (m, 3H), 7.00 (d, 1H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 3.13 (m, 4H)

Example 39

Synthesis of Compound 39 ((2-Bromo-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine)

[0198] After 1 g (5.405 mmol) of 2-Bromobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.660 g (5.405 mmol) of 2-(2-Aminoethyl)pyridine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.30 g (8.10 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a pale-red liquid of (2-Bromo-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine.

[0199] Yield: 31.8%

[0200] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.54 (m, 1H), 7.62 (td, J=7.6 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=7.6 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (td, 1H), 7.1 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.07 (m, 4H), 2.08 (b, 1H)

Example 40

Synthesis of Compound 40 ((3-Bromo-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine)

[0201] After 1 g (5.405 mmol) of 3-bromobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.660 g (5.405 mmol) of 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.30 g (8.10 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a pale-yellow liquid of (3-Bromo-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine.

[0202] Yield: 40.5%

[0203] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.54 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (td, J=7.7 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (m, 4H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.06 (m, 4H)

Example 41

Synthesis of Compound 41 ((4-Bromo-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine)

[0204] After 1 g (5.405 mmol) of 4-bromobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.660 g (5.405 mmol) of 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.30 g (8.10 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a pale-red liquid of (4-Bromo-benzyl)-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amine.

[0205] Yield: 68.3%

[0206] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.53 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (td, J=7.7 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.19 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.06 (m, 4H)

Example 42

Synthesis of Compound 42 (Benzyl-cycloheptyl-amine)

[0207] After 1 g (9.423 mmol) of benzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 1.066 g (9.423 mmol) of cycloheptylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.53 g (14.13 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a pale-yellow liquid of benzyl-cycloheptyl-amine.

[0208] Yield: 73.2%

[0209] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.37 (m, 5H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 2.69 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 12H)

Example 43

Synthesis of Compound 43 (Benzyl-cyclohexyl-amine)

[0210] After 1 g (9.423 mmol) of benzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.934 g (9.423 mmol) of cyclohexylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.53 g (14.13 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of benzyl-cyclohexyl-amine.

[0211] Yield: 61.8%

[0212] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.32 (m, 5H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 3.16 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 10H)

Example 45

Synthesis of Compound 45 ((3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-indan-1-yl-amine)

[0213] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.761 g (5.714 mmol) of 1-aminoindan was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a white liquid of (3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-indan-1-yl-amine.

[0214] Yield: 61.2%

[0215] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.52 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 4H), 4.28 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.46 (m, 1H), 1.87 (m, 1H)

Example 46

Synthesis of Compound 46 (Cyclobutyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0216] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.406 g (5.714 mmol) of cyclobuthylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of cyclobutyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0217] Yield: 45.7%

[0218] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=2.19 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=8.4 and 2.19 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (s, 2H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 1.73 (m, 4H)

Example 47

Synthesis of Compound 47 (Cyclooctyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine)

[0219] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.727 g (5.714 mmol) of cyclooctylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of cyclooctyl-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)-amine.

[0220] Yield: 73.5%

[0221] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=8.0 and 1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 2.70 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 14H)

Example 48

Synthesis of Compound 48 (N-(3,4-Dichloro-benzyl)-N, N-diethyl-propane-1,3-diamine.2HCl)

[0222] After 1 g (3.457 mmol) of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-N,N-diethyl-propane-1,3-diamine was dissolved in 20 mL of methylene chloride, hydrogen chloride (7 mmol) was added thereto and stirred for 10 minutes. When a solid was formed, the resulting product was filtered to thereby obtain a salt of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-N,N-diethyl-propane-1,3-diamine.2HCl (i.e., a salt of Compound 1).

[0223] Yield: 100%

[0224] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) 10.72 (b, 1H), 9.86 (b, 2H), 7.97 (d, J=1.47 Hz 1H), 7.72 (d, J=8.07 Hz 1H), 7.63 (dd, J=8.07 and 1.47 Hz 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.15 (m, 8H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.24 (t, J=6.96 Hz, 6H)

Example 49

Synthesis of Compound 49 (N,N-Dibutyl-N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)ethane-1,2-diamine)

[0225] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.984 g (5.714 mmol) of N,N-dibutylethylenediamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid N,N-dibutyl-N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)ethane-1,2-diamine.

[0226] Yield: 86.3%

[0227] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.04 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=1.83 and 8.04 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 2.62 (m, 4H), 2.38 (t, J=6.96 Hz, 4H), 1.46 (m, 8H), 0.92 (t, J=6.96 Hz, 6H)

Example 50

Synthesis of Compound 50 (N,N-Dibutyl-N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)propane-1,3-diamine)

[0228] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 1.064 g (5.714 mmol) of 3-(dibutylamino)propylamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of N,N-dibutyl-N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)propane-1,3-diamine.

[0229] Yield: 70.4%

[0230] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.43 (d, J=1.83 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=1.83 and 8.07 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 6.65 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (m, 6H), 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 10H), 0.93 (t, J=7.32 Hz, 1H)

Example 51

Synthesis of Compound 51 (2-[[3-(3,4-Dichlorobenzylamino)propyl]-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol)

[0231] After 1 g (5.714 mmol) of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol, 0.926 g (5.714 mmol) of N-(3-aminopropyl)diethanolamine was added thereto and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. 0.32 g (8.45 mmol) of sodium borohydride was slowly added thereto and stirred for 1 hour. The degree of progress of reaction was confirmed by TLC. When the reaction did not proceed further, 40 mL of water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was extracted twice with 30 mL of methylene chloride. The extracts were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate to remove water, and then distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting reaction product was separated using a silica gel-filled column with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as a mobile phase, to thereby obtain a colorless liquid of 2-[[3-(3,4-Dichlorobenzylamino)propyl]-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol.

[0232] Yield: 64.1%

[0233] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.19 (dd, J=2.19 and 8.43 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 3.63 (t, J=5.13, 4H), 2.73 (m, 8H), 1.70 (m, 2H)

Evaluation Example 1 (Evaluation of Microalgae-Destroying Effect by IC.SUB.50 .Measurement)

[0234] Measurement of the Half-Maximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC.sub.50)

[0235] To investigate whether Compounds 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 synthesized in Examples 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 had an microalgae-killing effect, flagellates of the species Chattonella Marina, the species Heterosigma circularisquama, the species Cochlodinium Polykrikoides, and the species Heterosigma akashiwo, and blue-green algae of the genus Microcystis were treated with Compounds 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 synthesized in Examples 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51. After the treatment, microalgae-destroying effects of Compounds 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 synthesized in Examples 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 were analyzed by measuring the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC.sub.50), which represents the concentration of each compound that is required for 50% inhibition of a total microalgae cell count.

[0236] The IC.sub.50 value was obtained according to Equation 1:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}Y=D+\frac{\left(A-D\right)}{\left(1+{\left(\frac{x}{C}\right)}^B\right)}& \text{<}.Math.\mathrm{Equation}.Math..Math.1.Math.\text{>}\end{array}$

[0237] In Equation 1, Y represents an algicidal activity (%) at an inoculation concentration of each compound, A and D represent a maximum algicidal activity (%) and a minimum algicidal activity (%), respectively, at an inoculation concentration of each compound, C represents an IC.sub.50 value within an inoculation concentration range, and B represents Hillslope (i.e., a slope of the four-parameter logistic curve which will be described below).

[0238] The algicidal activity of each compound was calculated using Equation 2:

Algicidal activity (%)=(1Tt/Ct)100<Equation 2>

[0239] In Equation 2, T (treatment group) and C (control group) represent algae densities in cell counts when each compound was inoculated and was not inoculated, respectively, and t represents the number of days which had passed after the inoculation.

[0240] First, the above-listed microalgae were cultured in a culture flask at a temperature of about 20 C. under light conditions, and a medium used was Guillard's f/2 medium which is commonly used in the art (Guillard R R L and Keller M D. Culturing dinoflagellates. In: Spector (Ed.), Dinoflagellates. New York: Academic Press; 1984, 391442).

[0241] After the cultured microalgae were transferred onto a 24-well plate, Chattonella Marina, Heterosigma circularisquama, Cochlodinium Polykrikoides, and Heterosigma akashiwo, which were in an exponential growth phase, were treated with Compounds 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 47 synthesized in Examples 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 47 at concentrations of 0.1 uM, 0.2 uM, 0.5 uM, 1 uM, 2 uM, and 5 uM, and then cultured for 1 day.

[0242] Microcystis aeruginosa was treated with Compounds 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 synthesized in Examples 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 at concentrations of 0.1 uM, 0.2 uM, 0.5 uM, 1 uM, 2 uM, 5 uM, 10 uM, 15 uM, and 20 uM and then cultured for 5 days.

[0243] Control groups were not treated with any of the compounds synthesized in the above-identified examples. After incubation, the number of cells of each alga was counted using a Burker-Tukr hemocytometer, and IC.sub.50 values were calculated according to Equation 1 using SigmaPlot Version 11.2 software (Standard curve: the four-parameter logistic curve). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Compound Chattonella Heterocapsa Cochlodinium Heterosigma Microcystis 3,4-dichlorobenzylamines Marina Circularisquama Polykrikoides Akashiwo aeruginosa Example 1 1 2.9 1.76 2.3 1.58 4.89 Example 2 2 2.6 3.4 0.327 1.3 0.57 Example 3 3 >5 3.1 >5 2.25 8.41 Example 5 5 >5 >5 >5 1.3 14.17 Example 6 6 >5 4.8 4.417 1.3 8.64 Example 7 7 2 1.5 1.53 0.28 11.61 Example 8 8 0.81 3.3 0.29 1.26 0.09 Example 17 17 >5 >5 >5 1.18 >20 Example 18 18 2.67 >5 4.38 0.73 11.83 Example 19 19 3.5 >5 4.14 1.27 13.8 Example 20 20 3.16 2.86 3.516 0.44 >20 Example 21 21 >5 3.3 3.6 1.28 9.66 Example 23 23 >5 >5 >5 1.54 11.07 Example 25 25 >5 2.83 4 1.19 11.11 Example 26 26 3.4 >5 >5 0.72 >20 Example 27 27 >5 3.55 2 0.79 >20 Example 28 28 >5 >5 >5 2.28 15.24 Example 29 29 3.46 3.23 2.75 0.6 14.38 Example 30 30 3.47 1.91 2.7 0.42 >20 Example 31 31 3.5 1.6 0.424 0.59 >20 Example 32 32 0.31 1.05 0.5 0.18 19.58 Example 33 33 0.32 1.04 0.36 0.243 19.47 Example 34 34 0.46 1.5 0.875 0.12 5.97 Example 35 35 0.29 1.14 0.15 0.218 14.59 Example 36 36 0.25 0.69 0.15 0.263 3.09 Example 45 45 1.44 2 0.31 1.14 >20 Example 46 46 1.13 3.08 1.667 0.482 15.79 Example 47 47 0.5 1.19 0.1 0.34 14.97 Example 48 48 0.78 Example 49 49 0.88 Example 50 50 0.54 Example 51 51 2.27

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Chattonella Heterocapsa Cochlodinium Heterosigma Microcystis Compound Marina Circulariaquama Polykrikoides Akashiwo aeruginosa 3,4-dichlorobenzamides Example 9 9 >5 1.97 4.55 1.85 0.97 Example 10 10 >5 >5 >5 1.63 >5 Example 12 12 >5 >5 >5 1.55 >5 Example 13 13 4.5 5 2.22 2.27 >5 Benzylamines Example 37 37 0.34 >5 >5 0.13 >5 Example 42 42 0.52 >5 >5 0.15 >5 Example 43 43 >5 >5 >5 0.67 >5 2-hydroxybenzylamines Example 38 38 0.91 >5 >5 0.13 >5 n-bromobenzylamines Example 39 39 1.12 >5 >5 0.28 >5 Example 40 40 0.74 >5 3.5 0.57 >5 Example 41 41 0.72 >5 >5 0.14 >5 Phenyl propenones Example 22 22 >5 >5 1.66 3.67 >5 Example 24 24 >5 >5 1.33 1.7 >5

[0244] Referring to Tables 1 and 2, Compounds 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 synthesized in Examples 1 to 3, 5 to 10, 12, 13, 17 to 43, and 45 to 51 were found to have an algicidal effect on at least one of Chattonella Marina, Heterosigma circularisquama, Cochlodinium Polykrikoides, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Microcystis aeruginosa.

[0245] For reference, a IC.sub.50 value greater than 5 means nearly zero microalgae-filling effect.

[0246] Evaluation Example 2 (Evaluation of Microalgae-Destroying Effect by Surviving Cells Rate Measurement)

[0247] Microalgae-Destroying Effect of Compound 35

[0248] To investigate a microalgae-destroying effect of Compound 35 synthesized in Example 35, culture solutions of Chattonella Marina, Heterosigma Circularisquama, Cochlodinium Polykrikoides, and Heterosigma akashiwo (40 mL, initial population number: about 1510.sup.4 to 1810.sup.4/mL) were each treated with a solution of Compound 35 (1 M in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and f/2 medium) for about 6 hours. A microalgae culture solution not treated with a solution of Compound 35 was used as a control group. After the treatment, viable cell ratios of the microalgae with respect to time were measured, and it was also observed whether the microalgae were destroyed. The results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0249] Referring to FIG. 1, the viable cell ratios of the microalgae were found to have decreased with time, indicating that Compound 35 had a high algicidal effect on the four kinds of the microalgae.

[0250] FIG. 2 shows microscope images of the four microalgal species observed after the treatment with Compound 35, wherein (a), (b), (c), and (d) represent microscope images of Cochlodinium Polykrikoides, Heterosigma akashiwo, Heterosigma circularisquama, and Chattonella Marina, respectively, and (a)-1, (a)-3, (b)-1, (c)-1, and (d)-1 represent control groups not treated with Compound 35.

[0251] Referring to FIG. 2, the four microalgal species treated with Compound 35 were found to have been destroyed, as shown in (a)-2, (a)-4, (b)-2, (b)-3, (c)-2, (c)-3, (d)-2, and (d)-3 of FIG. 2.

[0252] Microalgae-Destroying Effect of Compound 2

[0253] To investigate a microalgae-destroying effect of Compound 2 synthesized in Example 2, culture solutions of Microcystis aeruginosa (40 mL; initial population number: 10010.sup.4/mL) in DMSO and BG11 medium were each treated with solutions of Compound 2 at 0.5 M, 1 M, and 2 M and observed for 2 days. A culture solution of the microalgae not treated with a solution of Compound 2 was used as a control group. The results are shown in FIG. 3

[0254] Referring to FIG. 3, Compound 2 was found to have a high algicidal effect on the Microcystis.

Evaluation Example 3 (Acute Toxicity Test on Daphnia magna)

[0255] An acute toxicity test was performed on Daphnia magna (water flea) using Compounds 33 and 35 synthesized in Examples 33 and 35. In particular, culture solutions of Daphnia magna (200 mL, 30 animals) in DMSO and M4 medium were treated with solutions of Compounds 33 and 35 at 5 M, 10 M, and 15 M for 2 days. The results are shown in FIG. 4.

[0256] Referring to FIG. 4, when treated with the solutions of Compounds 33 and 25 even at a concentration of 5 M, survival ratios of the microalgae were found to be about 100% and about 75%, respectively. This concentration level of each compound solution is 5 times 1 M, wherein 1 M is the concentration of each compound required for 50% inhibition of a total cell count of the flagellates (refer to IC.sub.50 values in Table 1). Therefore, it was found that using solutions of Compounds 33 and 35 at a concentration sufficient to effectively destroy microalgae was not detrimental to the survival of the Daphnia magna.

Evaluation Example 4 (Acute Toxicity Test on Danio rerio)

[0257] An acute toxicity test on Danio rerio (zebrafish) was performed using compounds 33 and 35 synthesized in Examples 33 and 35. In particular, 2-cm-sized Danio rerio, which had been 3 months since hatching, was acclimatized for 14 days before the start of the experiment. The Danio rerio were feed twice a day during the acclimation period. Next, solutions of Compounds 33 and 25 were prepared at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 M. Culture solutions of the Danio rerio (10 L, initial population number: 10 zebrafish in total (1 zebrafish/L)) were treated for 2 weeks with the solutions of Compounds 33 and 35 at different concentrations to thereby perform the acute toxicity test. The results are shown in FIG. 5.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 5, when treated with the solutions of Compounds 33 and 35 even at a concentration of 15 M, survival ratios of the Danio rerio were found to be 100%. This concentration level of each compound solution is 15 times 1 M, wherein 1 M is the concentration of each compound required for 50% inhibition of a total cell count of the flagellates (refer to IC.sub.50 values in Table 1). Therefore, it was found that using solutions of Compounds 33 and 35 at a concentration that is sufficient to effectively destroy microalgae was not detrimental to the survival of the Danio rerio.

[0259] While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the appended drawings, it should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims. Therefore, the scope of the disclosure is defined not by the detailed description of the disclosure but by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.