CABLE

Abstract

A cable, in particular a cable for the at least partial transmission of electrical energy, comprising several, in particular three, phase cores and at least one further core, in particular a protective core, is proposed, wherein the several phase cores are stranded to form at least one phase bundle and the at least one further core runs outside the at least one phase bundle in the cable.

Claims

1-40. (canceled)

41. Cable for at least partial transmission of electrical energy, comprising multiple phase cores and at least one further core, wherein the multiple phase cores are stranded to form a phase bundle and the at least one further core running outside the at least one phase bundle in the cable; and, the at least one further core and any further cores of the at least one further core in the cable are wound around the phase bundle with a direction of lay opposite to the direction of lay of the multiple phase cores in the phase bundle; and, the cable is designed to be at least electrically symmetrical at least with respect to a respective capacitive and/or inductive coupling of the at least one further core with in each case one of the multiple phase cores, in that the capacitive and/or inductive couplings between the at least one further core and in each case one of the multiple phase cores are at least approximately equal in magnitude; and, the phase bundle, comprising the multiple phase cores, and/or the inner layer is arranged eccentrically in the interior of the cable with respect to the transverse direction extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of extension of the cable, wherein the phase bundle is arranged to wind around a cable axis of the cable.

42. Cable according to claim 41, wherein the multiple phase cores of the phase bundle are arranged at least electrically symmetrically therein, in particular with respect to a phase bundle axis; and/or, the cable is designed to be at least electrically symmetrical at least with respect to a capacitive and/or inductive coupling of the multiple phase cores to one another, so that a particularly capacitive and/or inductive coupling between two of the multiple phase cores is at least approximately equal in magnitude; and or, the cable is designed to be symmetrically in such a way that the capacitive and/or inductive couplings, between in each case one core in the inner layer and one core in the at least one outer layer are at least approximately equal in magnitude.

43. Cable according to claim 41, wherein the multiple phase cores are arranged symmetrically in the phase bundle in such a way that, in a cross-section extending perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the phase bundle, the respective phase conductors of the multiple phase cores are arranged at a respective corner of an imaginary geometric equilateral polygon and, wherein one phase conductor of one of multiple phase cores is arranged at each corner of the imaginary geometric equilateral polygon.

44. Cable according to claim 41, wherein an absolute value of a lay length ratio of the lay length (SP) of the multiple phase cores in the phase bundle to a lay length (SA) of the at least one further core, with which the at least one further core is wound around the phase bundle, is greater than or equal to 0.1 and/or is less than or equal to 5.

45. Cable according to claim 41, wherein the at least one further core is arranged in the cable in such a way that the at least one further core crosses at least one of the multiple phase cores at crossing points, in particular each of the multiple phase cores at respective crossing points; and/or, a crossing angle (W) with which the at least one further core crosses a phase core at a respective crossing point is less than or equal to 65? and/or is greater than or equal to 5?.

46. Cable according to claim 41, wherein the cable has an inner layer lying on the inside with respect to a transverse direction of the cable extending perpendicularly to a longitudinal direction of the cable and at least one outer layer which is arranged further outside than the inner layer with respect to the transverse direction, and in that the multiple phase cores are arranged in the inner layer and the at least one further core is arranged in the at least one outer layer; and/or, only phase cores are arranged in the inner layer of the cable; and/or, all phase cores of the cable are arranged in the inner layer; and/or, the plurality of phase cores are stranded in the inner layer to form at least one phase bundle; and/or, the inner layer, in particular with respect to the transverse direction of the cable, is a layer lying furthest inwards in a cable interior; and/or, additional cores which are not phase cores with respect to the transverse direction, are arranged outside the inner layer in a cable interior of the cable.

47. Cable according to claim 41, wherein a separating layer is arranged between the multiple phase cores and the at least one further core; and/or, the separating layer is arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer; and/or, the separating layer is formed from a separating layer material having an effective permittivity which is less than or equal to 3; and/or, the separating layer material from which the separating layer is formed is a plastic; and/or, the separating layer has many air inclusions and/or the separating layer is formed from a woven and/or knitted fabric and/or tape, in particular a fleece; and/or, a thickness of the separating layer measured in the transverse direction extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cable is greater than or equal to 0.01 mm, and/or is less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

48. Cable according to claim 41, comprising multiple, in particular three, phase cores and at least one shielding layer, wherein the cable is designed to be at least electrically symmetrical at least with respect to a respective capacitive and/or inductive coupling of the at least one shielding layer to in each case one of the multiple phase cores; and/or, a shielding layer is arranged outside the multiple phase cores and the at least one further core around all the cores of the cable with respect to the transverse direction running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of extension of the cable; and/or, the cable is designed to be symmetrically in such a way that the capacitive and/or inductive coupling between in each case one of the multiple phase cores and the shielding layer is approximately equal in magnitude; and/or, the shielding layer is arranged outside and around the outer layer in the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of extension of the cable.

49. Cable according to claim 41, wherein the cable has a sheath which is arranged on the outside of the cable with respect to the transverse direction extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction and in particular encloses a cable interior of the cable and/or forms an outer side of the cable; and/or, no further layer is arranged between the sheath and an outer layer with respect to the transverse direction extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cable; and/or, additional material, in particular insulating material, is arranged in the outer layer for filling free spaces between the cores in the outer layer; and/or, the sheath on the inside penetrates into the outer layer and at least partially fills free spaces between the cores in the outer layer.

50. Cable according to claim 41, wherein the multiple phase cores are formed substantially identically comprise an at least substantially identical insulation material, which preferably comprises no or the same color pigments in each case; and/or, an insulating material of a respective insulating sheath of a respective phase core comprises one of the plastics polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP) and/or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and/or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

51. Cable according to claim 41, wherein each phase line for one phase in each case is formed from only one phase core.

52. Cable according to claim 41, wherein the cable comprises as at least one further core or as multiple further cores at least one protective core and/or at least one data signal core.

53. Cable according to claim 41, wherein two further cores are two signal cores, are combined to form a pair of cores and/or the two signal cores are stranded to form a bundle of cores; and/or, at least one pair of cores and/or at least one bundle of cores is shielded by its own metallic, shielding within the cable interior shielded from the multiple phase cores; and/or, an insulation material of a respective insulating sheath of the at least one further core, which is at least one protective core and/or at least one signal transmission core, comprises a plastic, wherein in particular the plastic is poly ethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP) and/or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), wherein the insulation material comprises a foamed plastic.

Description

THE DRAWINGS SHOW

[0226] FIG. 1 a partially sectioned perspective view of a cable of a first embodiment;

[0227] FIG. 2 a cross-section of a embodiment of the first embodiment of a cable;

[0228] FIG. 3 a cross-section of another embodiment of the first embodiment of the cable;

[0229] FIG. 4 a schematic representation of a phase bundle with a transversely bandaged separating layer of an embodiment of the cable;

[0230] FIG. 5 a schematic representation of a phase bundle with a longitudinally bandaged separating layer of an embodiment of the cable;

[0231] FIG. 6 three views of embodiments of the cable with at least one further core running transverse to the phase cores;

[0232] FIG. 7 an equivalent circuit diagram for the cable;

[0233] FIG. 8 a cross-section through a embodiment of a further embodiment of a cable;

[0234] FIG. 9 a cross-section through another embodiment of the further embodiment example of a cable.

[0235] A first embodiment in different embodiments of a cable designated 100 in its entirety is explained in connection with the exemplary illustrations in FIGS. 1 to 7.

[0236] The cable 100 extends longitudinally in a longitudinal extension direction 112 and has an extension in a transverse direction 114 extending perpendicular to the longitudinal extension direction 112, wherein the extension in the transverse direction 114 is considerably smaller than the extension of the cable 100 in the longitudinal extension direction 112, as shown by way of example in FIG. 1.

[0237] In particular, when the cable 100 is elongated and straightened in the longitudinal extension direction 112, the cable 100 extends along a geometric cable axis 118, wherein in this state the longitudinal extension direction 112 of the cable 100 is oriented substantially in a constant direction along the entire longitudinal extension of the cable 100 and corresponds to an axial direction of the cable axis 118 and the transverse direction 114 corresponds to a radial direction of the cable axis 118.

[0238] The cable 100 comprises a sheath 122, which extends in the longitudinal direction 112 along the entire extension of the cable 100 and forms an outer side 124 of the cable 100 with an outer surface of the cable 100, which is directed outwards with respect to the transverse direction 114. In particular, the sheath 122 is formed closed in itself in a circumferential direction 126 and encloses an interior of the cable 100 designated as a whole by 132, wherein the cable interior 132 is bounded in the transverse direction 114 by the sheath 122, in particular by an inwardly directed inner side 134 of the sheath 122, as shown by way of example for different embodiments of the embodiment example in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0239] In particular, the inner side 134 of the sheath 122 and the outer side of the sheath 122 forming the outer side 124 of the cable 100 extend in the longitudinal direction 112 and are opposite each other with respect to the transverse direction 114.

[0240] In particular, the circumferential direction 126 is a direction of rotation around the geometric cable axis 118 and, locally, the transverse direction 114 is perpendicular to the circumferential direction 126.

[0241] In particular, the transverse direction 114 is directed outwardly from the cable interior 132, for example from a center thereof, in particular from the cable axis 118, toward the coating 122 and an exterior surrounding the cable 100.

[0242] The cable 100 comprises multiple phase cores 142, in particular three phase cores 142I, 142II, 142III, which are stranded to form a phase bundle 144.

[0243] Each of the phase cores 142 comprises an internal phase conductor 146, which is surrounded by an insulating sheath 148.

[0244] The insulation of the sheath 148 is formed from an insulating material, in particular from a low-cost material, in particular PVC.

[0245] The respective phase conductor 146 is formed from an electrically conductive material, in particular a metallic material, for example copper or aluminum.

[0246] Preferably, the insulating sheaths 148 of the plurality of phase cores 142, in this case in particular the insulating sheaths 148I, 148II, 148III of the three phase cores 142I, 142II, 142III, are formed from an identical material.

[0247] The phase cores 142 are designed with their respective phase conductors 146 for transmitting electrical energy, in particular for transmitting one phase of a current, with preferably exactly one phase core 142 with its phase conductor 146 being provided for each phase of the current.

[0248] This embodiment of the cable 100 is thus designed in particular for the transmission of a three-phase rotary current, for example for supplying three-phase electric motors, and in particular for use in 230 V and/or 400 V grids and in embodiments for voltages in the kV range.

[0249] Each of the phase cores 142 extends longitudinally in a respective longitudinal extension direction 152, and the respective phase conductor 146 is arranged inwardly in the phase core 142 with respect to a transverse direction 154 directed outwardly from an interior of the phase core 142 and extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extension direction 152, and is surrounded by the insulating sheath 148.

[0250] The insulating sheath 148 of a phase core 142 forms an outer side of this phase core 142 and surrounds an interior of the phase core 142, in which the phase conductor 146 is arranged.

[0251] Since the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144 are stranded together with a lay direction 158, the longitudinal extension directions 152 of the phase cores 142 do not run parallel to the longitudinal extension direction 112 of the cable 100 but at an angle to it.

[0252] In particular, the phase bundle 144 extends longitudinally in a longitudinal extension direction 159 and, when elongated and straightened, along a geometric bundle axis 162, wherein in this state the longitudinal extension direction 159 of the phase bundle 144 points in a constant direction and corresponds to the axial direction of the bundle axis 162.

[0253] At least when the phase bundle 144 is elongated and straightened, the bundle axis 162 extends in the longitudinal direction 152 of the phase bundle 144 and is centered in an inner region of the phase bundle 144 with respect to a transverse direction of the phase bundle perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 152 of the phase bundle 144.

[0254] In particular, the phase cores 142 wind around the geometric bundle axis 162 in the direction of lay 158 of the phase bundle 144.

[0255] In particular, the respective longitudinal extension directions 152 of the phase cores 142 run obliquely to the longitudinal extension direction 159 of the phase bundle 144 and obliquely to a circumferential direction of the bundle axis 162 and preferably symmetrically about the bundle axis 162.

[0256] In particular, the phase cores 142 of the phase bundle 144 are arranged adjacent to one another in the bundle.

[0257] For example, the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144 are stranded with an S-pitch so that they wind counterclockwise with respect to an observer looking at the phase bundle 144 in the longitudinal direction of the phase bundle 144, moving away from the observer, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 3.

[0258] In embodiments of the embodiment example, the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144 are stranded with a Z-twist, so that the phase cores 142 wind clockwise around the bundle axis 162 away from the observer with respect to an observer looking at the phase bundle 144 in the longitudinal direction of the phase bundle 144.

[0259] A lay length SP of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144, i.e. in particular a distance in the longitudinal direction 159 of the phase bundle 144 along which the phase cores 142 run once completely around the bundle axis 162, i.e. a position of the corresponding phase core 142 in the circumferential direction around the bundle axis 162 has once completely passed through an angle of 360?, is for example in a range between 10 mm and 1,000 mm.

[0260] In particular, the phase cores 142 are arranged symmetrically winding around the bundle axis 162 in the phase bundle 144.

[0261] In particular, the phase conductors 146 of the phase cores 142 are arranged at a respective corner of an imaginary, geometric equilateral polygon, in this case at corners of an equilateral triangle, and a phase conductor 146 of a phase core 142 is arranged in each corner of the geometric polygon.

[0262] Each geometric connecting line 168 between two phase conductors 146 of two adjacent phase cores 142, in this case a connecting line 168I-II between the phase conductors 146I and 146II, a connecting line 168I-III between the phase conductors 146I and 146III and a connecting line 168II-III between the phase conductors 146II and 146III, form a respective side of the equilateral polygon, in this case the equilateral triangle.

[0263] In particular, an angle between the two connecting lines 168 on a phase conductor 146 to the phase conductors 146 of the adjacent phase cores 142 is at least approximately the same size as an internal angle at a corner of a polygon which has as many corners as the phase bundle 144 has phase cores 142, in this case with three phase cores 142 the angle is at least approximately 60?.

[0264] The phase cores 142 of the phase bundle 144 form an inner layer 172 of the cable 100.

[0265] In embodiments, the inner layer 172 is arranged in particular in a central region 174 of the cable interior 132, wherein the central region 174 is arranged substantially centrally in the cable interior 132 with respect to the transverse direction 114 of the cable 100, as shown by way of example in FIG. 2.

[0266] Preferably, the inner layer 172 and thus also the phase bundle 144 is surrounded by a separating layer 182 with respect to the transverse direction 114 of the cable 100.

[0267] In particular, the separating layer 182 extends longitudinally in the longitudinal direction of extension 112 of the cable and is at least substantially closed in the circumferential direction 126.

[0268] Advantageously, the separating layer 182 surrounds the inner layer 172, wherein the inner layer 172 lies within the area circumferentially surrounded by the separating layer 182 with respect to the transverse direction 114 of the cable 100.

[0269] In particular, the separating layer 182 has an inner side 184 which is directed inwardly with respect to the transverse direction 114 and faces the inner layer 172 and extends in a closed manner in the circumferential direction 162 and extends at least approximately in the longitudinal direction 112 of the cable 100. An outer side 186 of the separating layer 182 is arranged opposite the inner side 184 of the separating layer 182 and is oriented outwardly with respect to the transverse direction 114 of the cable 100 and facing the sheath 122, wherein the outer side 186 extends in the circumferential direction 126, in particular in a closed manner, and extends at least approximately in the longitudinal direction 112 of extension of the cable 100.

[0270] The separating layer 182 is formed from a separating layer material that preferably has an effective permittivity that is less than or equal to 2.3.

[0271] In particular, the separating layer material of the separating layer 182 is a plastic and, for example, the separating layer 182 is formed from a fleece.

[0272] It is advantageous if the separating layer 182 is formed from the separating layer material in such a way that many air inclusions, i.e. in particular hollow areas filled with air, which are surrounded by the separating layer material, are formed in the separating layer 182.

[0273] In particular, the separating layer 182 is formed from a woven or knitted fabric.

[0274] For example, the separating layer 182 is formed from a tape.

[0275] In particular, the tape is made of the separating layer material and has, for example, air inclusions and/or is designed as a knitted or woven fabric.

[0276] The tape is wrapped around the phase bundle 144.

[0277] In some favorable embodiments of the embodiment example, the tape is bandaged in a transverse running-in manner, as exemplified in FIG. 4, wherein in particular the tape is wound at least substantially along its longitudinal extension in a circumferential direction around the phase bundle 144 and thus around the inner layer 172, so that a transverse extension of the tape, which is measured at least approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the tape and is considerably smaller than the longitudinal extension, is aligned at least approximately in the direction of the longitudinal extension direction 159 of the phase bundle 144.

[0278] In other favorable embodiments, the tape of the separating layer 182 is bandaged longitudinally around the phase bundle 144 and thus around the inner layer 172, as exemplified in FIG. 5, so that a longitudinal extent of the tape is aligned at least approximately in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the phase bundle 144 and with a transverse extent, which is measured at least approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the tape and is considerably smaller than the longitudinal extent of the tape, the tape is formed circumferentially surrounding the phase bundle 144 and thus also the inner layer 172.

[0279] A thickness of the separating layer 182, which is measured in particular at least substantially in the transverse direction 114 of the cable 100 and corresponds in particular to the distance between an inner surface on the inner side 184 of the separating layer 182 and an outer surface on the outer side 186 of the separating layer 182, is preferably in a range from 0.02 mm to 0.8 mm and is, for example, at least approximately 0.1 mm.

[0280] In addition, the cable interior 132 comprises an outer layer 212, which is arranged outside the inner layer 172 and inside the sheath 122 with respect to the transverse direction 117 of the cable 100.

[0281] In particular, the separating layer 182 is arranged between the inner layer 172 and the outer layer 212.

[0282] In particular, the outer layer 212 directly adjoins the separating layer 182 in the transverse direction 117 of the cable 100, so that the outer side 186 of the separating layer 182 not only faces the outer layer 212, but also delimits it on the inside with respect to the transverse direction 114 of the cable 100.

[0283] At least one further core, here for example an earthing core as a protective core 222, is arranged in the outer layer 212.

[0284] In particular, the protective core 222 comprises a protective conductor 224, which is surrounded by an insulating sheath 226 of the protective core 222. In the case of the earthing core, its protective conductor 224 is a conductor for earthing. In particular, the protective core 222 is designed to extend longitudinally in a longitudinal extension direction 228 of the protective core 222.

[0285] The protective conductor 224 and the insulating sheath 226 of the protective core 222 also extend longitudinally in the longitudinal direction of extension 228, wherein the insulating sheath 226 circumferentially surrounds the protective conductor 224 in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of extension 228.

[0286] The insulation of the sheath 226 is formed from an insulating material, wherein the insulating material is in particular a preferably non-polar plastic, such as PP or PE or PTFE or also PVC.

[0287] The protective core 222 is arranged with a direction of lay 232 wound around the phase bundle 144 and thus around the phase cores 142 in the inner layer 172, for example stranded with the phase bundle 144, wherein the direction of lay 232 of the protective core 222 is oriented in the opposite direction to the lay direction 158 of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144.

[0288] Thus, the protective core 222 is arranged Z-stranded if the phase cores 142 of the phase bundle 144 are S-stranded and in embodiments in which the phase cores 142 of the phase bundle 144 are Z-stranded, the protective core 222 is arranged S-stranded.

[0289] The protective core 222 is stranded with a lay length SA, in particular stranded in the opposite direction to the phase cores 142, so that the ratio of the lay lengths SV=SP/SA is negative.

[0290] For example, the lay length SA of the stranding of the protective core 222 is greater than or equal to 10 mm and/or less than or equal to 1,000 mm.

[0291] Preferably, the ratio SV=SP/SA of the lay length SP of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144 to the lay length SA of the protective core 222 is greater than or equal to 0.1 and/or less than or equal to 3.

[0292] By definition, a lay length for stranding with an S lay is positive and a lay length for stranding with a Z lay is negative, although with other conventions this can also be the other way round, i.e. a lay length for stranding with an S lay is defined as negative and a lay length for stranding with a Z lay is defined as positive.

[0293] In particular, the additional core, in this case the protective core 222, thus runs transversely to the phase cores 142 with their phase conductors 146 in the phase bundle 144, as is also shown by way of example in FIG. 6 in top views of three different embodiments of the cable 100, wherein in particular only the phase cores 142 and the protective core 222 are shown in the drawing, but not, for example, the sheath 122 and the separating layer 182.

[0294] In this case, the core 222 crosses the phase cores 142 along its longitudinal extent successively at respective crossing points 234, for example the phase core 142I at crossing points 234I and at a subsequent crossing point 234II the phase core 142II and at a subsequent crossing point 234III the phase core 142III, which in turn is followed by a crossing point 234I with the phase core 142I and so on.

[0295] The crossing points 234 are related to a crossing of the cores, in this case the protective core 222 with one of the phase cores 142, in relation to the top view of the cable, as shown by way of example in FIG. 6, whereby in the exemplary cross-sectional representation of FIG. 2, the cross-section runs at a point at which a crossing point 234 of the protective core 222 with the phase core 142II is located and the exemplary cross-sectional representation in FIG. 3 is at a point at which the protective core 222 does not cross one of the phase cores 142 at any crossing point.

[0296] In particular, the further core, in this case the protective core 222, and the phase core 142 are in contact at a crossing point 234 at opposite points of the separating layer 182 with respect to the transverse direction 114 of the cable, with the phase core 142 being in contact with the inside of the separating layer 184 and the further core being in contact with the outside 186 of the separating layer 182.

[0297] In particular, the protective core 222 crosses one of the phase cores 142 at a respective crossing point 234 at a crossing angle W, which is measured in particular between the longitudinal extension direction 152 of the phase core 142 at the crossing point 234 and the longitudinal extension direction 228 of the protective core 222 at the crossing point 234.

[0298] For example, the crossing angle W is between 100 and 55?, particularly in embodiments of the embodiment example in which the protective core 222 is stranded in the opposite direction to the phase cores 142.

[0299] In the uppermost representation in FIG. 6, the lay length ratio SV=SP/SA of the lay length SP of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144 to the lay length SA of the protective core 222 is less than 1 and the lay length ratio SV=SP/SA is greater than 1 in the embodiment shown in the middle representation of FIG. 6.

[0300] Finally, a embodiment of the embodiment example is shown in the lowest illustration in FIG. 6, in which the protective core 222 has a direction of lay 232 which is oriented in the same direction as the lay direction 158 of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144, but the lay length SA of the protective cores 222 is different from the lay length SP of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144, so that the protective core 222 also crosses the phase cores 142 at crossing points 234 at a crossing angle W.

[0301] For example, in advantageous embodiments of this embodiment example with the equally stranded protective core 222, the crossing angle W is up to 15? large for a lay length ratio SV=SP/SA, which is less than 1, and the crossing angle W is preferably at most up to 350 large for a lay length ratio SV=SP/SA, which is greater than 1.

[0302] In particular, additional filler material 242 is provided in the outer layer 212, which fills at least a large part of the space in the outer layer 212 that is not filled by the protective core 222.

[0303] The filling material 242 is shown as an example in FIG. 3, whereby a filling material is also preferably provided in embodiments as shown as an example in FIG. 2, although this is not shown in FIG. 2.

[0304] In particular, the filling material 242 is an insulating material, preferably a plastic.

[0305] For example, dummy cores 246 are arranged in the outer layer 212 and these are preferably stranded together with the protective core 222 around the inner layer 172 and thus also around the phase bundle 144, as shown by way of example in FIG. 3.

[0306] In this case, the dummy cores 246 comprise an insulating material, for example a plastic, in particular PVC, PE and/or PP, in particular as an insulating sheath, wherein the dummy cores 246 do not comprise a conductor and, in particular, the sheath thereof surrounds a cavity inside the dummy cores 246.

[0307] Alternatively or additionally, in embodiments of the embodiment example, it is provided that cords, in particular of plastic, in particular of nylon, are arranged in the outer layer 232 and are preferably stranded with the protective core 222 around the inner layer 172 and thus also around the phase bundle 144.

[0308] In yet other embodiments of the embodiment example, the filling material 242 is alternatively or additionally provided at least partially by the material of the sheath 122, wherein in particular the sheath engages at least partially into the outer layer 212 and in particular this engaging part of the sheath 122 forms at least a part of the filling material 242.

[0309] For example, this is achieved by applying increased pressure during the manufacture of the cable 100 when extruding the sheath 122, so that the increased pressure also presses the material of the sheath 122 in parts into the outer layer 212.

[0310] In particular, the sheat is extruded to fill the gusset.

[0311] In some preferred embodiments of the embodiment example, as shown by way of example in FIG. 2, it is provided that the phase bundle 144 and thus the inner layer 172 is arranged at least substantially centered in the cable interior 132 with respect to the transverse direction 114 of the cable 100, wherein in particular along the longitudinal extension in the longitudinal extension direction 112 of the cable 100 a position of the phase bundle 144 and also of the inner layer 172 in the transverse direction 114 of the cable 100 is at least substantially unchanged.

[0312] A position of the protective core 222 is different along the longitudinal extension in the longitudinal extension direction 112 of the cable 100 along the circumferential direction 126, since the protective core 222 is stranded around the inner layer 172. Thus, along the longitudinal extension of the cable 112 in the transverse direction 114, a different amount of pressure is exerted on the inner layer 172 and the phase bundle 144 from the outer layer 212 by the protective core 222 and/or the filling material 242, so that as a result the position of the inner layer 172 and the phase bundle 144 in the transverse direction 114 can vary slightly along the longitudinal extension in the longitudinal extension direction 112 of the cable 100.

[0313] In other advantageous embodiments of the embodiment example, a position of the inner layer 172 and the phase bundle 144 changes along the longitudinal extension in the longitudinal extension direction 112 of the cable 100.

[0314] In particular, in some embodiments, the phase bundle 144 and the inner layer 172 are arranged asymmetrically in the transverse direction 114 in the cable interior 132, as shown for example in FIG. 3, wherein preferably an orientation of the eccentricity along the longitudinal extent of the cable 100 changes, in particular rotates clockwise or counterclockwise according to the stranding with the protective core 222.

[0315] In particular, the inner layer 172 with the phase bundle 144 is arranged eccentrically to the cable axis 118 in such a way that at least a large part of the space of the outer layer 212 is located in a direction opposite to the direction in which the inner layer 172 is offset eccentrically to the cable axis 118 and, in particular, the protective core 222 is arranged there, whereby in particular the space of the outer layer 212 is crescent-shaped in a cross-section extending perpendicularly to the cable axis 118.

[0316] In particular, a spatial expansion of the outer layer 212 in the cross-section is greatest in a region opposite the inner layer 172 in the transverse direction 114 with respect to the cable axis 118, and the spatial expansion of the outer layer 212 decreases with the extension of the space of the outer layer 212 in the circumferential direction 126.

[0317] If, for example, the differently sized spatial portions of the outer layer 212 are to be filled with filling material 242, a plurality of dummy cores 246 of different sizes relative to their cross-section are preferably arranged in the outer layer 212.

[0318] In particular, in these embodiments of the embodiment example, the phase bundle 144 in the inner layer 172 and the protective core 222 are twisted together so that their position in the circumferential direction 126 along the longitudinal extent of the cable 100 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the direction of lay.

[0319] In some favorable embodiments, the outer layer 212 is surrounded by a shielding layer 252, which is thus arranged between the outer layer 212 and the sheath 122 with respect to the transverse direction 114 and extends in particular in the longitudinal direction 112 of extension of the cable 100 and extends in a closed manner around the outer layer 212 in the circumferential direction 126.

[0320] In particular, the shielding layer 252 is arranged adjacent to the inner side of the sheath 122, which faces the cable interior 132.

[0321] In particular, the shielding layer 252 is at least partially formed from a material suitable for electromagnetic shielding, in particular a metallic material.

[0322] For example, an at least partially metallic mesh or knitted fabric forms the shielding layer 252.

[0323] In embodiments, an at least partially metallic coating or an at least partially metallic foil, for example a metal foil or an aluminum-clad plastic foil, forms the shielding layer 252.

[0324] The shielding layer 252 is shown as an example in FIG. 2 in the embodiment with the centered inner layer 172 and the centered phase bundle 144, whereby no shielding layer 252 is provided in other favorable embodiments of this centered arrangement. Accordingly, in embodiments with the eccentric arrangement of the inner layer 172 and the phase bundle 144, no shielding layer 252 is provided in some advantageous embodiments, as shown by way of example in FIG. 3, and a corresponding shielding layer 252 is provided in other preferred embodiments.

[0325] As an example, FIG. 7 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the cable 100 with the three phase cores 142I, 142II, 142III and the protective core 222 and the shield 252.

[0326] Two of the multiple phase conductors 146 each have a capacitive coupling KP, i.e. in particular the phase conductors 146I and 146II are coupled with a capacitive coupling KPI-II and the phase conductors 146I and 146III are coupled with a capacitive coupling KPI-III and the phase conductors 146II and 146III are coupled with a capacitive coupling KPII-III, wherein, due to the symmetrical arrangement of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144, the capacitive couplings KP between each two phase conductors 146, in this case the capacitive couplings KPI-II, KPI-III and KPII-III, are at least substantially equal.

[0327] Since the protective core 222 in the outer layer 212 is arranged, in particular stranded, differently to the stranding of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144, and is thus arranged symmetrically to the phase cores 142 averaged over the longitudinal extension of the cable 100 in the longitudinal extension direction 112, a capacitive coupling KPA between the protective conductor 224 and in each case one of the phase conductors 146, i.e. in particular a capacitive coupling KPI-A between the protective conductor 224 and the phase conductor 146I, a capacitive coupling KPII-A between the protective conductor 224 and the phase conductor 146II and a capacitive coupling KPIII-A between the protective conductor 224 and the phase conductor 146III, is at least substantially equal.

[0328] In particular, the capacitive couplings KPS between the shielding layer 252, if present, and one of the phase conductors 146 each, for example the capacitive coupling KPI-S between the shielding layer 252 and the phase conductor 146I, the capacitive coupling KPII-S between the shielding 252 and the phase conductor 146II and the capacitive coupling KPIII-S between the shielding 252 and the phase conductor 146III, are substantially equal in magnitude due to the symmetrical arrangement of the phase cores 142 relative to the shielding layer 252, this being particularly true both in the embodiments in which the phase bundle 144 of the phase cores 142 is arranged at least substantially centered in the cable interior 132, and also in embodiments in which the phase bundle 144 of the phase cores 142 is arranged eccentrically in the cable interior 132, at least insofar as the orientation of the eccentricity changes along the longitudinal extent of the cable 100 such that, at least in the longitudinal extent direction 112, the phase conductors 146 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the shielding direction 252 on average.

[0329] Preferably, differences between the capacitive couplings KPA, KPS of a phase conductor 146 with the protective core 222 and/or the shielding layer 252 and the capacitive couplings KPA, KPS of another phase conductor 146 with the protective core 222 and/or the shielding layer 252 are further reduced in that the phase cores 142 are at least substantially the same, in particular their materials for the respective phase conductor 146 and the respective insulating sheath 148 are the same.

[0330] In particular, an inductive coupling between the protective conductor 224 with an inductance LA and the phase conductors 146, each with an inductance LP, is at least reduced by the symmetrical structure of the cable interior 132, since the couplings of the individual phases, for example in the case of a sinusoidal, three-phase current, interfere destructively and preferably eliminate each other at least approximately as a result.

[0331] In particular, the phase conductor 146I has an inductance LPI, the phase conductor 146II has an inductance LPII and the phase conductor 146III has an inductance LPIII, these inductances preferably being at least substantially equal,

[0332] In particular, an inductive coupling of the phase conductors 146 with the possibly present shielding layer 252 with an inductance LS is at least reduced by the symmetrical structure, since in turn the influences of the individual phases interfere destructively with each other and preferably at least approximately eliminate each other.

[0333] In particular, an inductive coupling between the protective conductor 224 with the inductance LA and the shielding layer 252 with the inductance LS is at least reduced by the symmetrical structure.

[0334] In particular, a structure of the cable 100, a mode of operation thereof and advantages thereof are thus briefly summarized as follows.

[0335] The cable 100 comprises a plurality of phase cores 142, in particular three phase cores 142I, 142II, 142III, each with a phase conductor 146 for transmitting one phase of an electric current, in particular a three-phase current, the phase cores 142 being arranged in the inner layer 172 and stranded to form a phase bundle 144 with a lay direction 158.

[0336] At least one further core, in this case the protective core 222 with the protective conductor 224, is arranged in the outer layer 212, wherein the at least one further core is stranded around the inner layer 172 with the phase bundle 144 with a lay direction 232, which in particular is oriented in the opposite direction to the lay direction 158 of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144.

[0337] In particular, the capacitive and/or inductive coupling between the phase cores 142 and the at least one further conductor with the protective conductor 224 and, for example, with the shielding layer 252 is reduced by this symmetrical structure, which is realized in particular by the stranding in the same direction or preferably in opposite direction and/or the arrangement of all phase cores 142 in the inner layer 172, and the arrangement of the at least one further conductor in the outer layer 212.

[0338] In particular, the stranding of the at least one further core with the protective conductor 224, which may be in the same direction or preferably in the opposite direction, ensures that a respective phase core 142 and the at least one further core with the protective conductor 224 only come close to each other at the crossing points 234.

[0339] In particular, at the crossing points 234, the phase core 142 and the at least one further core are arranged in an identical position with respect to the circumferential direction 126 and only offset with respect to one another in the transverse direction 114, in particular they are located at opposite points of the separating layer 182 in the transverse direction 114, as is shown, for example, for the phase core 142II and the protective core 222 in FIG. 2, wherein in a further course of the longitudinal extension of the cable 100 the positions of these two cores in the circumferential direction 126 move away from one another as a result of the stranding and after a certain distance in the longitudinal extension direction 112 these two cores have the greatest distance from one another in a cross-section running perpendicular to the longitudinal extension direction 112, as shown for example in FIG. 3 for the phase core 142II and the protective core 222.

[0340] In particular, the coupling between the phase cores 142 on the one hand and the at least one further core with the protective conductor 224 is further reduced by the separating layer 182 arranged between the inner layer 172, in which the phase cores 142 are arranged, and the outer layer 212, in which the at least one further core is arranged.

[0341] In particular, the stranding, preferably the counter-stranding, avoids parallel conductor routing of the protective conductor 224 to the phase conductors 146, which reduces the coupling between them.

[0342] In particular, due to the arrangement of the various conductors in the cable 100 as described above and the resulting reduced coupling between them, it is sufficient to provide an inexpensive insulating material, for example PVC, for the phase cores 142 for the insulating sheath 148.

[0343] In order to avoid different couplings and to increase symmetry, it is advantageous to form the insulation of the sheath 148 from an identical material for each of the phase cores 142, for example to dispense with differently colored conductors, since different color pigments, for example, have a different, albeit possibly only slightly different, influence on the capacitive and/or inductive coupling in particular between the conductors and their conductors.

[0344] In particular, an arrangement of filling material 242 and/or of a plurality of cable elements in the outer layer 212 ensures that an outer side of the cable 100, formed in particular by the sheath 122, has an at least approximately circular shape in a cross-section extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 112 and, in particular, that the cable 100 is at least substantially cylindrical in shape.

[0345] In a further embodiment example, which is explained in the following, those elements and features which are at least substantially of the same design and/or fulfill at least substantially the same basic function as in the embodiment example explained above are assigned the same reference sign and, unless anything additional and/or deviating is described with regard to these features and/or elements, reference is made in full to the explanations in connection with the other embodiment example with regard to the description thereof. In particular, if special reference is to be made to a special design in the further embodiment example, a letter characterizing this embodiment example is added to the corresponding reference sign as a suffix.

[0346] A further embodiment example of a cable 100a, which is exemplarily shown in different embodiments in FIGS. 8 and 9, comprises a phase bundle 144, which is formed from stranded phase cores 142 and is arranged in an inner layer 172 of the cable 100a.

[0347] In addition, the cable 100a comprises an outer layer 212, which is arranged between the inner layer 172 and a sheath 122 of the cable 100a, in particular with respect to a transverse direction 114 of the cable 100a.

[0348] In this embodiment example, several cores and/or core assemblies are arranged in the outer layer 212 as additional cable elements.

[0349] In particular, the cable 100a thus forms a hybrid line and/or collector line and offers a one-cable solution, for example.

[0350] For example, the cable 100a has two protective cores, for example two earthing cores 222Ia and 222IIa or an earthing core 222Ia and a protective core 222IIa with an equipotential bonding conductor, each of which has a protective conductor 224 and an insulating sheath 226 surrounding the protective conductor 224.

[0351] The two protective cores 222Ia, 222IIa are wound with a lay direction 232 around the phase bundle 144 and thus also into the inner layer 172, their lay direction 232 preferably being opposite to the lay direction 158 of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144.

[0352] Preferably, the protective cores 222 are arranged symmetrically to one another in the outer layer 212 in such a way that, in particular in a cross-section extending perpendicularly to the cable axis 118, the protective cores 222Ia and 222IIa are arranged opposite one another with respect to a transverse direction extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction 112 of the cable 100a, which is oriented from the cable axis 118 to one of the protective cores 222, and/or, in particular, the two protective cores 222Ia and 222IIa are arranged offset from one another by half a lay length in the longitudinal direction 112 of the cable 100a.

[0353] In particular, the lay length of the stranding of the protective cores 222 is the same for each of the protective cores 222.

[0354] In particular, the cable 100a still has several cable elements in the outer layer 212, each comprising at least one core, for signal transmission.

[0355] For example, the cable 100a has two stranded signal bundles 262I and 262II, each consisting of two signal cores 264I and 264II, for example. Thus, two signal cores 264I and 264II are advantageously combined to form a signal pair and together form a twisted pair in particular.

[0356] Each of the signal wires 264 comprises a signal conductor 266 and an insulating sheath 268 surrounding the signal conductor 266.

[0357] In some embodiments, it is provided that one or more cable elements for signal transmission consist of only one signal core.

[0358] In particular, the cable elements for signal transmission form a data line and/or control line and/or resolver line.

[0359] In some favorable embodiments, one cable element or several cable elements still have a respective shield for their at least one core with respect to other cores in the cable, whereby, for example, the shield is made of a metallic material and/or of a fabric or knitted fabric.

[0360] For example, at least one of the two stranded signal bundles 262 comprising two cores 264 has its own pair shielding 274, as shown as an example in FIG. 9 for the stranded signal bundle 262II.

[0361] In other preferred embodiments, no separate shielding is provided for the cable elements, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 8 and 9. In particular, the cable elements are sufficiently protected from interference coupling from the other cores, especially from the phase cores 142, by the symmetrical structure of the cable 100. In this way, a considerably simplified and cost-effective design is achieved with these embodiments.

[0362] The cable elements for signal transmission, in particular the stranded signal bundles 262, are wound around the phase bundle 144 and thus also around the inner layer 172 with a lay direction 232, which is oriented in the same way as the lay direction 232 of the protective cores 222 and, for example, is opposed to the lay direction 158 of the phase cores 142 in the phase bundle 144. In particular, a lay length of the stranding around the phase bundle 144 of the cable elements for signal transmission is equal to the lay length of the stranding of the protective cores 222.

[0363] Within a stranded signal bundle 262, the several, in particular two, signal cores are stranded with a lay length which is, for example, in the range of at least approximately 20 mm up to and including 80 mm and/or is smaller than the lay length with which the stranded signal bundle 262 is wound around the phase bundle 144.

[0364] A lay direction of the stranding of the signal cores 264 in the stranded signal bundle 262 is, for example, in some embodiments oriented in the same way as the lay direction 232 with which the stranded signal bundle 262 is stranded around the phase bundle 144.

[0365] In other embodiments of the embodiment example, the lay direction with which the signal cores 264 are stranded in the stranded signal bundle 262 is oriented in the opposite direction to the lay direction 232 with which the stranded signal bundle 262 is stranded around the phase bundle 144.

[0366] Thus, the alignment of the signal cores 264 to the preferably symmetrical phase bundle 144 with the multiple phase wires always changes along the longitudinal extent of the stranded signal bundle 262, so that a magnetic interference coupling from the electric current in the phase cores into the signal cores is advantageously at least reduced by destructive interference.

[0367] Preferably, the cable elements for signal transmission, for example the stranded signal bundles 262I and 262II, are arranged symmetrically, in particular with respect to the cable axis 118, so that, for example, the stranded signal bundles 262I and 262II are arranged opposite one another in a cross-section running perpendicular to the cable axis in a transverse direction running perpendicular to the longitudinal extension direction 112 and oriented from the cable axis 118 to one of the stranded signal bundles 262.

[0368] Preferably, the cable elements for signal transmission, in particular the stranded signal bundles 262, and the protective cores 222 are arranged symmetrically to one another in the outer layer 212.

[0369] In particular, for example in relation to a cross-section through the cable 100a extending perpendicularly to the cable axis 118, a cable element for signal transmission and a protective core are each arranged alternately in succession in the outer layer 212 in the circumferential direction 126.

[0370] In particular, the cable elements of the outer layer 212, here in particular the protective cores and cable elements for signal transmission, are each arranged offset from one another by an offset distance in the longitudinal extension direction 112 of the cable 100a, the offset distance in particular corresponding to the lay length with which these are wound around the phase bundle 144, divided by the total number of cable elements in the outer layer 212. In this embodiment example, the four cable elements, in particular a protective core to an adjacent cable element for signal transmission, are thus arranged offset from one another in the longitudinal direction 112 of extension of the cable 100a with an offset distance corresponding to a quarter of the lay length 232.

[0371] In some favorable embodiments of the embodiment example, a shielding layer 252 is arranged between the outer layer 212 and the sheath 122, in particular as described in connection with the embodiment example explained above, as shown by way of example in FIG. 8. In particular, the shielding layer 252 provides additional shielding of the cable interior 132 from an environment of the cable 100a.

[0372] In some advantageous embodiments of the embodiment example, no shielding layer is arranged between the outer layer 212 and the sheath 122 of the cable 100a, as shown by way of example in FIG. 9. In particular, no shielding layer is required, since the preferably symmetrical structure of the cable 100a achieves sufficiently good electromagnetic compatibility and interference couplings can be sufficiently avoided.

[0373] Otherwise, the embodiments of this embodiment example are preferably at least partially, for example at least substantially, formed in the same way as in the first embodiment example, so that with regard to supplementary explanations, in particular with regard to the structure of the cable 100a and/or the cores and/or the inner layer and outer layer and/or a separating layer 182 between the inner layer 172 and the outer layer 212 and/or the sheath 122 and/or further advantageous embodiments, reference is made in full to the explanations in connection with the first embodiment example. [0374] 100a100a

REFERENCE LIST

[0375] 100 Cable [0376] 112 Longitudinal direction of the cable [0377] 114 Transverse direction of the cable [0378] 118 Cable axis [0379] 122 Coating [0380] 124 Outer side [0381] 126 Circumferential direction [0382] 132 Cable interior [0383] 134 Inner side of the coating [0384] 142 Phase core [0385] 144 Phase bundle [0386] 146 Phase conductor [0387] 148 Insulating sheath [0388] 152 Longitudinal extension direction of the phase core [0389] 154 Transverse direction of the phase core [0390] 158 Direction of lay of the phase bundle [0391] 159 Longitudinal direction of the phase bundle [0392] 162 Bundle axis [0393] 166 Connection line [0394] 172 Inner layer [0395] 174 Central region [0396] 182 Separating layer [0397] 184 Inner side of the separating layer [0398] 186 Outer side of the separating layer [0399] 212 Outer layer [0400] 222 Protective core [0401] 224 Protective conductor [0402] 226 Insulating sheath [0403] 228 Longitudinal direction [0404] 232 Direction of lay [0405] 234 Crossing point [0406] 242 Filling material [0407] 246 Blind core [0408] 252 Shielding layer [0409] 262 Signal stranding system [0410] 264 Signal wire [0411] 266 Signal conductor [0412] 268 Insulation of the sheathing [0413] 274 Own shielding