AUTOMATIC MANUAL TRANSMISSION AND METHOD FOR THE SAME

Abstract

An automatic manual transmission comprising a first plurality of gear pairs (42/52, 44/54, 46/56) which forms a first power transmission path to transmit the power of the engine to the output of the transmission, in which each gear pair (42/52, 44/54, 46/56) defines a respective transmission ratio; and said first plurality of gear pairs comprises all the even-numbered gears (2nd, 4th, 6th); a second plurality of gear pairs (41/51, 43/53, 45/55) which forms a second power transmission path to transmit the power of the engine to the output of the transmission, in which each gear pair (41/51, 43/53, 45/55) defines a respective transmission ratio; and said second plurality of gear pairs comprises all the odd-numbered gears (1th, 3rd, 5th); one or more output shafts (16); one or more intermediate shafts (71, 72, 73) each of which is coaxially and rotatably mounted either to an input shaft (11, 12) or to an output shaft (16) and kinematically interposed between the output shaft (16) and an input shaft (11, 12); wherein said first power transmission path is connected and disconnected to and from the output of the transmission by means of a first synchronization and engagement device (S1), and said second power transmission path is connected and disconnected to and from the output of the transmission by means of a second synchronization and engagement device (S2).

Claims

1. An automatic manual transmission comprising: a double-clutch gearbox which is divided into two sub-transmissions and in which a first clutch (C1) transmits the power of an engine to a first sub-transmission through a first input shaft (11), and a second clutch (C2) transmits the power of the engine to a second sub-transmission through a second input shaft (12); wherein said first sub-transmission is configured for establishing all the even-numbered gears (2nd, 4th, 6th) of the forward gears of the automatic manual transmission by means of a plurality of pairs of gear wheels which forms a first a power transmission path to transmit the power of the engine from the first input shaft (11) to the output of the transmission and in which each pair of gear wheels defines a respective gear and comprises a drive gear wheel fixedly mounted on the first input shaft (11) and a driven gear wheel that permanently meshes with the drive gear wheel; wherein said second sub-transmission is configured for establishing all the odd-numbered gears (1th, 3rd, 5th) of the forward gears of the automatic manual transmission by means of a plurality of pairs of gear wheels which forms a second power transmission path to transmit the power of the engine from the second input shaft (12) to the output of the transmission and in which each pair of gear wheels defines a respective gear and comprises a drive gear wheel fixedly mounted on the second input shaft (12) and a driven gear wheel that permanently meshes with the drive gear wheel; at least an output shaft; one or more intermediate shafts each of which is coaxially and rotatably mounted to an output shaft and kinematically interposed between the same output shaft and an input shaft; wherein each driven gear wheel of said pluralities of pairs of gear wheels of said first and second sub-transmissions is idly mounted to an output shaft or to an intermediate shaft; a first set of one or more selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling devices (K1, K2) each of which is mounted to an intermediate shaft, coupled to the driven gear wheel of at least one pair of gear wheels of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels of said first sub-transmission, and adapted to be actuated for connecting and disconnecting the driven gear wheel and the intermediate shaft; a second set of one or more selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling devices (K3, K4) each of which is mounted to an intermediate shaft, coupled to the driven gear wheel of at least one pair of gear wheels of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels of said second sub-transmission, and adapted to be actuated for connecting and disconnecting the driven gear wheel and the intermediate shaft; and wherein the automatic manual transmission is characterized in that: each coupling device of said first set of selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling devices is coupled to the driven gear wheels of two adjacent pairs of gear wheels of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels of said first sub-transmission, which define either two forward non-consecutive even-numbered gears separated by a single intermediate even-numbered gear or a forward even-numbered gear and the reverse gear; each coupling device of said second set of selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling devices is coupled to the driven gear wheels of two adjacent pairs of gear wheels of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels of said second sub-transmission, which define two forward non-consecutive odd-numbered gears separated by a single intermediate odd-numbered gear; said first sub-transmission is connected and disconnected to and from the output of the transmission exclusively by means of a first double-sided synchronizer (S1); said second sub-transmission is connected and disconnected to and from the output of the transmission exclusively by means of a second double-sided synchronizer (S2).

2. An automatic manual transmission (T1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transmission has an output shaft (16); each driven gear wheel of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels (42/52, 44/54, 46/56) of said first sub-transmission is mounted to the output shaft (16) or to an intermediate shaft (71, 72) which is mounted to the output shaft (16); each driven gear wheel of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels (41/51, 43/53, 45/55) of said second sub-transmission is mounted to the output shaft (16) or to an intermediate shaft (73) which is mounted to the output shaft (16); said first synchronizer (S1) is mounted to the output shaft (16) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the output shaft (16) with a first intermediate shaft (71) or with a second intermediate shaft (72) which are mounted to the output shaft (16) itself; said second synchronizer (S2) is mounted to the output shaft (16) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the output shaft (16) with a driven gear wheel (53) or with an intermediate shaft (73) which are mounted to the output shaft (16) itself.

3. An automatic manual transmission (T2) as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transmission has at least a first (14) and a second (15) output shafts; said second sub-transmission is configured for establishing all the odd-numbered gears (1th, 3rd, 5th, 7th) of the forward gears of the automatic manual transmission; each driven gear wheel of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels (42/52, 44/54, 46/56) of said first sub-transmission is mounted on the first output shaft (14) or on an intermediate shaft (71, 72) which is mounted to the first output shaft (14); each driven gear wheel of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels (41/51, 43/53, 45/55, 47/57) of said second sub-transmission is mounted on the second output shaft (15) or on an intermediate shaft (73, 74) which is mounted to the second output shaft (15); said first synchronizer (S1) is mounted to the first output shaft (14) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the first output shaft (14) with a first intermediate shaft (71) or with a second intermediate shaft (72) which are mounted to the first output shaft (14) itself; said second synchronizer (S2) is mounted to the second output shaft (15) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the second output shaft (15) with a first intermediate shaft (73) or with a second intermediate shaft (74) which are mounted to the second output shaft (15) itself.

4. An automatic manual transmission (T3) as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transmission has at least a first (18) and a second (19) output shafts; said second sub-transmission is configured for establishing all the odd-numbered gears (1th, 3rd, 5th, 7th) of the forward gears of the automatic manual transmission; each driven gear wheel of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels (92/52, 92/54, 96/56) of said first sub-transmission is mounted to an output shaft (18, 19) or to an intermediate shaft (71, 72); each driven gear wheel of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels (91/51, 91/53, 95/55, 95/57) of said second sub-transmission is mounted to an output shaft (18, 19) or to an intermediate shaft (73, 74); said first sub-transmission is connected and disconnected to and from the output of the transmission exclusively by means of a first synchronizer device (S1) which consists of a first one-sided synchronizer (S1a) mounted to the first output shaft (18) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the first output shaft (18) with an intermediate shaft (71) which is mounted to the first output shaft (18) itself, and a second one-sided synchronizer (S1b) mounted to the second output shaft (19) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the second output shaft (19) with an intermediate shaft (72) which is mounted to the second output shaft (19) itself; said second sub-transmission is connected and disconnected to and from the output of the transmission exclusively by means of a second synchronizer device (S2) which consists of a first one-sided synchronizer (S2a) mounted to the first output shaft (18) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the first output shaft (18) with an intermediate shaft (73) which is mounted to the first output shaft (18) itself, and a second one-sided synchronizer (S2b) mounted to the second output shaft (19) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the second output shaft (19) with an intermediate shaft (74) which is mounted to the second output shaft (19) itself.

5. A method of operating an automatic manual transmission as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 for shifting gear in order to pass from a current gear G to a lower gear G1 or to a higher gear G2, wherein the method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: placing the synchronizer (S1, S2) which is associated to the gears G1 and G2 in the idle position so as to mechanically decouple the gears pairs corresponding to the gears G1 and G2 from the corresponding output shafts; preselecting the power transmission paths for the gear G1 and for the gear G2 by engaging the corresponding driven gear wheels by means of the actuation of the coupling devices that compose the appropriate set between said first (K1, K2) and second (K3, K4) sets of torque-transmitting coupling devices, so that driven gear wheels associated to the gears G1 and G2 are both engaged to the corresponding intermediate shafts, at the same time and independently of each other; receiving a gear shift command; mechanically coupling the intermediate shaft which corresponds to the successive gear (G1 or G2) to the corresponding output shaft by means of the actuation of the synchronizer associated to the gears G1 and G2, so as to engage the next gear; opening the clutch associated to the current gear G and closing the clutch which is associated to the gears G1 and G2.

6. The method of operating an automatic manual transmission as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step of mechanically coupling an intermediate shaft to an output shaft by means of the actuation of a synchronizer and the step of closing the clutch which is associated to the successive gear (to G1 and G2) are activated simultaneously (or almost simultaneously) and the engagement of the synchronizer overlaps the phase of filling the pressure chamber of the clutch.

7. An automatic manual transmission (T4) as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transmission has an output shaft (16); said second sub-transmission is configured for establishing all the odd-numbered gears (1th, 3rd, 5th, 7th) of the forward gears of the automatic manual transmission; each pair of gear wheels of the plurality of pairs of gear wheels (42/82, 44/84, 46/86) of the first sub-transmission comprises a driven gear wheel fixedly mounted on the output shaft (16), and a drive gear wheel that permanently meshes with the driven gear wheel; each pair of gear wheels of the plurality of pairs of gear wheels (41/82, 43/84, 45/86, 47/87) of the second sub-transmission comprises a driven gear wheel fixedly mounted on the output shaft (16), and a drive gear wheel that permanently meshes with the driven gear wheel; each intermediate shafts (71, 72, 73, 74) is coaxially and rotatably mounted to an input shaft (11, 12) and kinematically interposed between the same input shaft and the output shaft (16); each drive gear wheel of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels of said first sub-transmission is idly mounted to the first input shaft (11) or to an intermediate shaft (71, 72) which is mounted to the first input shaft (11); each drive gear wheel of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels of said second sub-transmission is idly mounted to the second input shaft (12) or to an intermediate shaft (73, 74) which is mounted to the second input shaft (12); each coupling device of said first set of selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling devices (K1, K2) is coupled to the drive gear wheels of two adjacent pairs of gear wheels of said plurality of pairs of gear wheels of said first sub-transmission, which define either two forward non-consecutive even-numbered gears separated by a single intermediate even-numbered gear or a forward even-numbered gear and the reverse gear; each coupling device of said second set of selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling devices (K3, K4) is coupled to the drive gear wheels of two adjacent pairs of gear wheels of said plurality of pair of gear wheels of said second sub-transmission, which define two forward non-consecutive odd-numbered gears separated by a single intermediate odd-numbered gear; said first double-sided synchronizer (S1) is configured to be the only means for connecting and disconnecting said first input shaft (11) to and from the first sub-transmission, it is mounted to the first input shaft (11) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the first input shaft (11) with a first intermediate shaft (71) or with a second intermediate shaft (72) which are mounted to the first input shaft (11) itself; said second double-sided synchronizer (S2) is configured to be the only means for connecting and disconnecting said second input shaft (12) to and from the second sub-transmission, it is mounted to the second input shaft (12) and adapted to be actuated for mechanically coupling the second input shaft (12) with a first intermediate shaft (73) or with a second intermediate shaft (74) which are mounted to the second input shaft (12) itself.

8. A method of operating an automatic manual transmission as claimed in claim 7 for shifting gear in order to pass from a current gear G to a lower gear G1 or to a higher gear G2, wherein the method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: placing the synchronizer (S1, S2) which is associated to the gears G1 and G2 in the idle position so as to mechanically decouple the gears pairs corresponding to the gears G1 and G2 from the corresponding input shaft; preselecting the power transmission paths for the gear G1 and for the gear G2 by engaging the corresponding drive gear wheels by means of the actuation of the coupling devices that compose the appropriate set between said first (K1, K2) and second (K3, K4) sets of torque-transmitting coupling devices, so that drive gear wheels associated to the gears G1 and G2 are both engaged to the corresponding intermediate shafts, at the same time and independently of each other; receiving a gear shift command; mechanically coupling the intermediate shaft which corresponds to the successive gear (G1 or G2) to the corresponding input shaft by means of the actuation of the synchronizer associated to the gears G1 and G2, so as to engage the next gear; opening the clutch associated to the current gear G and closing the clutch which is associated to the gears G1 and G2.

9. The method of operating an automatic manual transmission as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step of mechanically coupling an intermediate shaft to an input shaft by means of the actuation of a synchronizer and the step of closing the clutch which is associated to the successive gear (to G1 and G2) are activated simultaneously (or almost simultaneously) and the engagement of the synchronizer overlaps the phase of filling the pressure chamber of the clutch.

10. A method of operating an automatic manual transmission as claimed in claim 1 having a double-clutch gearbox which comprises two input shafts, at least an output shaft and two clutches, each of which is interposed between a drive shaft of an engine and a corresponding input shaft, so as to form two separate power transmission paths for transmitting the power of the engine to the output shaft, in which a gear shift A.sub.B to pass from a current gear G.sub.A to a successive gear G.sub.B includes the steps of: receiving a gear shift command; engaging the successive gear G.sub.B by means of a synchronizer; switching the torque transmission between the two clutches by progressively opening a first clutch which is associated to the current gear G.sub.A, and progressively increasing the torque transmitted through a second clutch which is associated to the gear G.sub.B, until the first clutch is placed at the contact point at a first instant t.sub.I and the second clutch is completely engaged; and where during the gear shift which is immediately successive to said gear shift A.sub.B the automatic manual transmission switches the torque transmission from the second clutch to the first clutch and starts to increase the torque transmitted through the first clutch at a second instant t.sub.II, wherein the method is characterized in that: said first clutch is constantly held at the contact point during the entire period of time between said first instant t.sub.I (when the first clutch is placed at the contact point) and said second instant t.sub.II (when the automatic manual transmission starts to increase the torque transmitted through the first clutch from the torque level corresponding to contact point to the torque level corresponding to completely engaged clutch), so that the moment when the automatic manual transmission receives a gear shift command to pass from a current gear to a successive gear, the clutch which is associated to the successive gear is already at the contact point.

11. (canceled)

12. (canceled)

13. (canceled)

14. (canceled)

15. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show four non-limitative embodiments thereof, wherein:

[0020] FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating an automatic manual transmission in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating schematically the time evolution of the pressure in the oncoming clutch and in the off-going clutch for a gear shifting in a DCT with electro-hydraulic clutch actuation system;

[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing illustrating an automatic manual transmission in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] FIG. 4 is a table showing engagement of clutches, synchronizers and coupling devices of the automatic manual transmission shown in FIG. 1 in the various gears;

[0024] FIG. 5 is a table showing engagement of clutches, synchronizers and coupling devices of the automatic manual transmission shown in FIG. 3 in the various gears;

[0025] FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing illustrating an automatic manual transmission in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing illustrating an automatic manual transmission in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] FIG. 8 is a table showing engagement of clutches, synchronizers and coupling devices of the automatic manual transmission shown in FIG. 6 in the various gears;

[0028] FIG. 9 is a table showing engagement of clutches, synchronizers and coupling devices of the automatic manual transmission shown in FIG. 7 in the various gears;

[0029] In the tables shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 the symbol .circle-solid. indicates the engaged state of the active parts (i.e. the parts that transmit the power of the engine) and the symbol 0 indicates the engaged state of the inactive parts (i.e. the parts that do not transmit the power of the engine).

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0030] Referring to FIG. 1, the automatic manual transmission T1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is a double-clutch transmission which includes: a driving shaft 10, through which the torque of an engine is transmitted to a clutch unit that includes a first friction clutch C1, mounted between the driving shaft 10 and a first input shaft 11 and configured to transmit or interrupt the torque of the engine, and a second friction clutch C2 mounted between the shafts 10 and a second input shaft 12 and configured to transmit or interrupt the torque of the engine; drive gears 42, 44, 46 and 40, fixedly mounted to the first input shaft 11; drive gears 41, 43 and 45, fixedly mounted to the second input shaft 12; an output shaft 16, which is connected to a differential (not shown) that transmits the motion to drive wheels (not shown); intermediate shafts 71, 72 and 73, coaxially and rotatably mounted to the shaft 16; driven gears 50, 51, 52 and 53, idly mounted to the shaft 16; driven gear 55 idly mounted to the shaft 73; driven gear 56 idly mounted to the shaft 71; driven gear 54 idly mounted to the shaft 72; a reverse idle gear R1 meshes with the drive gear 40 and the driven gear 50 to realize the reverse rotation of the output shaft 16; a two-way coupling device K1 mounted to the shaft 71 and configured to selectively connect the gear 52 or the gear 56 to the shaft 71; a two-way coupling device K2 mounted to the shaft 72 and configured to selectively connect the gear 54 or the gear 50 to the shaft 72; a two-way coupling device K3 mounted to the shaft 73 and configured to selectively connect the gear 51 or the gear 55 to the shaft 73; a first synchronization and engagement device S1 consisting of a double-sided synchronizer mounted to the output shaft 16 and configured to selectively connect the shaft 71 or the shaft 72 to the shaft 16; a second synchronization and engagement device S2 consisting of a double-sided synchronizer mounted to the output shaft 16 and configured to selectively connect the shaft 73 or the gear 53 to the shaft 16.

[0031] The two input shafts 11 and 12 are independent, coaxial to each other and inserted one within the other. Each drive gear, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46, permanently meshes with the corresponding driven gear: 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 and 56, respectively. Each selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling device, K1, K2, and K3, has two engaging position in each of which it engages a respective gear, and an idle position. Each synchronizer, S1 and S2, has two engaging position in each of which it engages a respective intermediate shaft or gear, and an idle position.

[0032] Within the frame of this patent application the expressions fixedly mounted with respect to a gear (a gear wheel) mounted on a shaft means that the gear is mounted to the shaft in a rotationally restrained manner so as to rotate with the shaft as an integral part, while the expressions idly mounted means that the gear is mounted to the shaft in a rotationally free manner as idle gear; and the neutral position of torque-transmitting coupling devices (K1, K2, K3, K4) and of synchronization and engagement devices (S1, S2), in which the device is in a rest state where it does not engage any gear or shaft, is defined as idle position.

[0033] In order to realize the transmission ratios of six forward speeds and one reverse speed, the whole is configured so that: the torque of the engine is transmitted to the first input shaft 11 or to the second input shaft 12 through the clutches C1 and C2 respectively; the motion passes: from drive gears 41, 43 and 45 to the respective driven gears 51, 53 and 55, from gears 51 and 55 to the intermediate shaft 73 by means of the operation of the coupling device K3, from the intermediate shaft 73 and the driven gear 53 to the output shaft 16 by means of the operation of the synchronizer S2; the motion passes: from driving gears 40, 42, 44 and 46 to the respective driven gears 50, 52, 54 and 56, and so to the intermediate shafts 71 and 72 by means of the operation of coupling devices K1 and K2, and to the output shaft 16 by means of the operation of the synchronizer S1.

[0034] The operation of clutches and coupling and synchronization devices of the double-clutch transmission of FIG. 1 is shown in the table of FIG. 4, where the reverse gear is indicated by the letter R, the six forward gears are indicated by Roman numerals (first gear I, second gear II, third gear III, fourth gear IV, fifth gear V and sixth gear VI), .circle-solid. indicates the engaged state of the parts (clutches C1 and C2; synchronizers S1 and S2 with the gearwheel or the intermediate shaft engaged; coupling devices K1, K2 and K3 with the gearwheel engaged) that are active and transmit the power of the engine (i.e. the current gear), and indicates the engaged state of the parts that do not transmit the power of the engine (i.e. preselected lower and higher gears). The operation of the double-clutch transmission of FIG. 1, configured as above, is described below. Specifically, the engagement modes of the reverse speed R and the six forward speeds I-VI (in upshift from the first speed I to the six speed VI), starting from an idle condition in which no gear is engaged, are described.

[0035] When the transmission is to be operated in the reverse speed R, the coupling device K2 engages the gear 50, the synchronizer S1 engages the shaft 72 and the first clutch C1 is operated to transmit the torque of the engine to the input shaft 11. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the reverse speed drive gear 40, the reverse idle gear R1 and the reverse speed driven gear 50 in reverse rotation.

[0036] When the transmission is to be operated in the first forward speed I, the coupling device K3 engages the gear 51, the synchronizer S2 engages the shaft 73 and the second clutch C2 is operated to transmit the torque of the engine to the second input shaft 12. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the first speed drive gear 41 and the first speed driven gear 51. Further, the coupling device K1 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the second forward speed II by engaging the gear 52.

[0037] To shift to the second forward speed II, the synchronizer S1 engages the shaft 71, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the second speed drive gear 42 and the second speed driven gear 52. Further, the coupling device K3 is held in an engaged state with the gear 51 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the first forward speed I.

[0038] To shift to the third forward speed III, the synchronizer S2 engages the gear 53, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C1 to the clutch C2, and thus to the second input shaft 12, and the synchronizer S1 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the third speed drive gear 43 and the third speed driven gear 53. Further, the coupling device K1 is held in an engaged state with the gear 52 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the second forward speed II and the coupling device K2 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the fourth forward speed IV by engaging the gear 54.

[0039] To shift to the fourth forward speed IV, the synchronizer S1 engages the shaft 72, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the fourth speed drive gear 44 and the fourth speed driven gear 54. Further, the coupling device K3 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the fifth forward speed V by engaging the gear 55.

[0040] To shift to the fifth forward speed V, the synchronizer S2 engages the shaft 73, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C1 to the clutch C2, and thus to the second input shaft 12, and the synchronizer S1 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the fifth speed drive gear 45 and the fifth speed driven gear 55. Further, while the coupling device K2 is held in an engaged state with the gear 54 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the fourth forward speed IV, the coupling device K1 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the sixth forward speed VI by engaging the gear 56.

[0041] To shift to the sixth forward speed VI, the synchronizer S1 engages the shaft 71, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the sixth speed drive gear 46 and the sixth speed driven gear 56. Further, the coupling device K3 is held in an engaged state with the gear 55 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the fifth forward speed V.

[0042] Referring now to FIG. 3, it is a schematic drawing illustrating a double-clutch transmission T2, in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein the first input shaft 11 is radially spaced apart and arranged in parallel from and to the shaft 12; the shaft 11 receives the torque of the engine via the first clutch C1, a drive gear 61, an idle gear 62, and a driven gear 63 fixedly mounted to the shaft 11 itself; the intermediate shafts 71 and 72 are coaxially and rotatably mounted to a first output shaft 14; the driven gears 50 and 52 are fixedly mounted to the first output shaft 14; the double-sided synchronizer S1 is mounted to the first output shaft 14 and configured to selectively connect the shaft 71 or the shaft 72 to the shaft 14; the intermediate shaft 73 is coaxially and rotatably mounted to a second output shaft 15; driven gears 51 and 57 are idly mounted to the second output shaft 15; the driven gear 53 is idly mounted to an intermediate shaft 74 which is coaxially and rotatably mounted to the shaft 15; a two-way coupling device K4 is mounted to the shaft 74 and configured to selectively connect the gear 53 or the gear 57 to the shaft 74; the double-sided synchronizer S2 is mounted to the second output shaft 15 and configured to selectively connect the shaft 73 or the shaft 74 to the shaft 15; a first final drive gear 101 and a second final drive gear 102 are fixedly mounted to the shaft 14 and to the shaft 15 respectively; the output shafts 14 and 15 are connected via the gears 101 and 102 to a differential device (not shown) that transmits the motion to drive wheels (not shown). Other characteristics of the above-mentioned components in this second embodiment are substantially the same as in the previous embodiment. Other components of this second embodiment are substantially the same as in the previous embodiment; they are indicated by the same reference characters and will not be described in detail again.

[0043] In order to realize the transmission ratios of seven forward speeds and one reverse speed, the whole is configured so that: the torque of the engine is transmitted to the first input shaft 11 or to the second input shaft 12 through the clutches C1 and C2 respectively; the motion passes from drive gears 40, 42, 44 and 46 to the respective driven gears 50, 52, 54 and 56, and so to the shafts 71 and 72 by means of operation of coupling devices K1 and K2, and to the output shaft 14 by means of the operation of the synchronizer S1; the motion passes from drive gears 41, 43, 45 and 47 to the respective driven gears 51, 53, 55 and 57, and so to the intermediate shafts 73 and 74 by means of the operation of coupling devices K3 and K4, and to the output shaft 15 by means of the operation of the synchronizer S2.

[0044] The operation of clutches and coupling and synchronization devices in this second embodiment is shown in the table of FIG. 5, where the reverse gear is indicated by the letter R, the seven forward gears are indicated by Roman numerals (first gear I, second gear II, third gear III, fourth gear IV, fifth gear V, sixth gear VI and seventh gear VII), .circle-solid. indicates the engaged state of the parts (clutches C1 and C2; synchronizers S1 and S2 with the intermediate shaft engaged; coupling devices K1, K2, K3 and K4 with the gearwheel engaged) that are active and transmit the power of the engine (i.e. the current gear), and indicates the engaged state of the parts that do not transmit the power of the engine (i.e. preselected lower and higher gears). The operation of this second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same of the previous embodiment of FIG. 1, with the obvious differences, therefore it will not be described in detail again.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 6, the automatic manual transmission T3 in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention is a double-clutch transmission which includes: a driving shaft 10, through which the torque of an engine is transmitted to a clutch unit including a first friction clutch C1, mounted between the driving shaft 10 and a first input shaft 11 and configured to transmit or interrupt the torque of the engine, and a second friction clutch C2 mounted between the shafts 10 and a second input shaft 12 and configured to transmit or interrupt the torque of the engine; intermediate shafts 71 and 73, coaxially and rotatably mounted to a first output shaft 18; intermediate shafts 72 and 74, coaxially and rotatably mounted to a second output shaft 19; a first final drive gear 103 fixedly mounted to the shaft 18; a second final drive gear 104 fixedly mounted to the shaft 19; drive gears 90, 92 and 96, fixedly mounted to the shaft 11; drive gears 91 and 95, fixedly mounted to the shaft 12; driven gears 55 and 56, idly mounted to the shaft 18; driven gears 50 and 57, idly mounted to the shaft 19; driven gear 51 idly mounted to the shaft 73; driven gear 52 idly mounted to the shaft 71; driven gear 53 idly mounted to the shaft 74; driven gear 54 idly mounted to the shaft 72; a two-way coupling device K1 mounted to the shaft 71 and configured to selectively connect the gear 52 or the gear 56 to the shaft 71; a two-way coupling device K2 mounted to the shaft 72 and configured to selectively connect the gear 54 or the gear 50 to the shaft 72; a two-way coupling device K3 mounted to the shaft 73 and configured to selectively connect the gear 51 or the gear 55 to the shaft 73; a two-way coupling device K4 mounted to the shaft 74 and configured to selectively connect the gear 53 or the gear 57 to the shaft 74; a reverse idle gear R1 permanently meshes with the gears 90 and 50 to realize the reverse rotation of the shaft 19; a first synchronization and engagement device S1 consisting of a one-sided synchronizer S1a, which is mounted to the shaft 18 and configured to connect the shaft 18 to the shaft 71, and a one-sided synchronizer S1b mounted to the shaft 19 and configured to connect the shaft 19 to the shaft 72; a second synchronization and engagement device S2 consisting of a one-sided synchronizer S2a, which is mounted to the shaft 18 and configured to connect the shaft 18 to the shaft 73, and a one-sided synchronizer S2b mounted to the shaft 19 and configured to connect the shaft 19 to the shaft 74.

[0046] The two input shafts 11 and 12 are independent, coaxial to each other and inserted one within the other. The output shafts 18 and 19 are connected via the final drive gears 103 and 104 to a transmission differential device (not shown) that transmits the motion to drive wheels (not shown). Each drive gear, 90, 91, 92, 95 and 96, permanently meshes with the corresponding driven gears: 50, 51 and 53, 52 and 54, 55 and 57, and 56, respectively. Each selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling device, K1, K2, K3 and K4, has two engaging position in each of which it engages a respective driven gear, and an idle position. Each synchronizer, S1a, S1b, S2a and S2b, has an engaging position in which it engages a respective intermediate shaft, and an idle position.

[0047] In order to realize the transmission ratios of seven forward speeds and one reverse speed, the whole is configured so that: the torque of the engine is transmitted to the first input shaft 11 through the clutch C1 and to the second input shaft 12 through the clutch C2; the motion passes: from drive gears 91, 92, 95 and 96 to the respective driven gears 51, 52, 55 and 56, from driven gears 51 and 55 to the intermediate shaft 73 by means of the operation of the coupling device K3, from driven gears 52 and 56 to the intermediate shaft 71 by means of the operation of the coupling device K1, from intermediate shafts 71 and 73 to the output shaft 18 by means of the operation of synchronizers S1a and S2a respectively; the motion passes: from drive gears 90, 91, 92 and 95 to the respective driven gears 50, 53, 54 and 57, from driven gears 50 and 54 to the intermediate shaft 72 by means of the operation of the coupling device K2, from driven gears 53 and 57 to the intermediate shaft 74 by means of the operation of the coupling device K4, from intermediate shafts 72 and 74 to the output shaft 19 by means of the operation of synchronizers S1b and S2b respectively.

[0048] The operation of clutches and coupling and synchronization devices in this third embodiment is shown in the table of FIG. 8, where the reverse gear is indicated by the letter R, the seven forward gears are indicated by Roman numerals (first gear I, second gear II, third gear III, fourth gear IV, fifth gear V, sixth gear VI, seventh gear VII), .circle-solid. indicates the engaged state of the parts (clutches C1 and C2; synchronizers S1a, S1b, S2a and S2b; coupling devices K1, K2, K3 and K4 with the gearwheel engaged) that are active and transmit the power of the engine (i.e. the current gear), and indicates the engaged state of the parts that do not transmit the power of the engine (i.e. preselected lower and higher gears). The operation of the double-clutch transmission of FIG. 6, in accordance with this third embodiment of the present invention configured as above, is described below. Specifically, the engagement modes of the reverse speed R and the seven forward speeds I-VII (in upshift from the first speed I to the seventh speed VII), starting from an idle condition in which no gear is engaged, are described.

[0049] When the transmission is to be operated in the reverse speed R, the coupling device K2 is engaged with the gear 50, the synchronizer S1b engages the shaft 72 and the first clutch C1 is engaged to transmit the torque of the engine to the input shaft 11. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 19 via the drive gear 90, the reverse idle gear R1 and the driven gear 50 in reverse rotation.

[0050] When the transmission is to be operated in the first forward speed I, the coupling device K3 is engaged with the gear 51, the synchronizer S2a engages the shaft 73 and the first clutch C2 is engaged to transmit the torque of the engine to the input shaft 12. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 18 via the drive gear 91 and the first speed driven gear 51. Further, the coupling device K1 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the second forward speed II by engaging the gear 52.

[0051] To shift to the second forward speed II, the synchronizer S1a engages the shaft 71, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2a is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 18 via the drive gear 92 and the second speed driven gear 52. Further, while the coupling device K3 is held in an engaged state with the gear 51 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the first forward speed I, the coupling device K4 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the third forward speed III by engaging the gear 53.

[0052] To shift to the third forward speed III, the synchronizer S2b engages the shaft 74, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C1 to the clutch C2, and thus to the second input shaft 12, and the synchronizer S1a is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 19 via the drive gear 91 and the third speed driven gear 53. Further, the coupling device K1 is held in an engaged state with the gear 52 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the second forward speed II and the coupling device K2 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the fourth forward speed IV by engaging the gear 54.

[0053] To shift to the fourth forward speed IV, the synchronizer S1b engages the shaft 72, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2b is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 19 via the drive gear 92 and the fourth speed driven gear 54. Further the coupling device K4 is held in an engaged state with the gear 53 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the third forward speed III and the coupling device K3 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the fifth forward speed V by engaging the gear 55.

[0054] To shift to the fifth forward speed V, the synchronizer S2a engages the shaft 73, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C1 to the clutch C2, and thus to the second input shaft 12, and the synchronizer S1b is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 18 via the drive gear 95 and the fifth speed driven gear 55. Further, the coupling device K2 is held in an engaged state with the gear 54 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the fourth forward speed IV and the coupling device K1 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the sixth forward speed VI by engaging the gear 56.

[0055] To shift to the sixth forward speed VI, the synchronizer S1a engages the shaft 71, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2a is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 18 via the drive gear 96 and the sixth speed driven gear 56. Further, the coupling device K3 is held in an engaged state with the gear 55 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the fifth forward speed V and the coupling device K4 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the seventh forward speed VII by engaging the gear 57.

[0056] To shift to the seventh forward speed VII, the synchronizer S2b engages the shaft 74, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C1 to the clutch C2, and thus to the second input shaft 12, and the synchronizer S1a is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 19 via the drive gear 95 and the seventh speed driven gear 57. Further, the coupling device K1 is held in an engaged state with the gear 56 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the sixth forward speed VI.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 7, the automatic manual transmission T4 in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention is a double-clutch transmission which includes: a driving shaft 10, through which the torque of an engine is transmitted to a clutch unit which includes a first friction clutch C1, mounted between the driving shaft 10 and a first input shaft 11 and configured to transmit or interrupt the torque of the engine, and a second friction clutch C2, mounted between the shafts 10 and a second input shaft 12 and configured to transmit or interrupt the torque of the engine; the shaft 12 is coaxial to the clutches C1 and C2, while the shaft 11 is radially spaced apart and arranged in parallel from and to the shaft 12; the shaft 11 receives the torque of the engine via the first clutch C1, a drive gear 61, an idle gear 62, and a driven gear 63 fixedly mounted to the shaft 11 itself; drive gears 41 and 47, idly mounted to the shaft 12; two intermediate shafts, 73 and 74, coaxially and rotatably mounted to the shaft 12; a drive gear 45 idly mounted to the shaft 73; a drive gear 43 idly mounted to the shaft 74; drive gears 42 and 40, idly mounted to the shaft 11; two intermediate shafts, 71 and 72, coaxially and rotatably mounted to the shaft 11; drive gear 46 idly mounted to the shaft 71; drive gear 44 idly mounted to the shaft 72; driven gears 82, 84, 86 and 87, which are fixedly mounted to an output shaft 16 and permanently mesh with the corresponding drive gears: 41 and 42, 43 and 44, 45 and 46, and 47, respectively; a reverse idle gear R1 permanently meshes with the gear 40 and a driven gear 80 (fixedly mounted to the shaft 16) to realize the reverse rotation of the output shaft 16; a two-way coupling device K1 mounted to the shaft 71 and configured to selectively connect the gear 42 or the gear 46 to the shaft 71; a two-way coupling device K2 mounted to the shaft 72 and configured to selectively connect the gear 44 or the gear 40 to the shaft 72; a two-way coupling device K3 mounted to the shaft 73 and configured to selectively connect the gear 41 or the gear 45 to the shaft 73; a two-way coupling device K4 mounted to the shaft 74 and configured to selectively connect the gear 43 or the gear 47 to the shaft 74; a first synchronization and engagement device S1 consisting of a double-sided synchronizer mounted to the input shaft 11 and configured to selectively connect the shaft 71 or the shaft 72 to the shaft 11; a second synchronization and engagement device S2 consisting of a double-sided synchronizer mounted to the input shaft 12 and configured to selectively connect the shaft 73 or the shaft 74 to the shaft 12; the output shaft 16 is connected to a differential unit (not shown) which transmits the motion to drive wheels (not shown).

[0058] Each selectively engageable torque-transmitting coupling device, K1, K2, K3 and K4, has two engaging position in each of which it engages a respective gear, and an idle position. Each synchronizer, S1 and S2, has two engaging position in each of which it engages a corresponding intermediate shaft, and an idle position.

[0059] In order to realize the transmission ratios of seven forward speeds and one reverse speed, the whole is configured so that: the torque of the engine is transmitted to the first input shaft 11 or to the second input shaft 12 through the clutches C1 and C2 respectively; the motion passes: from the input shaft 12 to the intermediate shafts 73 and 74 by means of the operation of the synchronizer S2, from intermediate shafts 73 and 74 to the drive gears 41, 45, 43 and 47 by means of the operation of coupling devices K3 and K4, from drive gears 41, 43, 45 and 47 to the respective driven gears 82, 84, 86 and 87 and so to the output shaft 16; the motion passes: from the input shaft 11 to the intermediate shafts 71 and 72 by means of the operation of the synchronizer S1, from intermediate shafts 71 and 72 to the drive gears 42, 46, 44 and 40 by means of the operation of coupling devices K1 and K2, from drive gears 42, 46, 44 and 40 to the respective driven gears 82, 86, 84 and 80 and so to the output shaft 16.

[0060] The operation of clutches and coupling and synchronization devices in this fourth embodiment is shown in the table of FIG. 9, where the reverse gear is indicated by the letter R, the seven forward gears are indicated by Roman numerals (first gear I, second gear II, third gear III, fourth gear IV, fifth gear V, sixth gear VI and seven gear VII), .circle-solid. indicates the engaged state of the parts (clutches C1 and C2; synchronizers S1 and S2 with the intermediate shaft engaged; coupling devices K1, K2, K3 with the gearwheel engaged) that are active and transmit the power of the engine (i.e. the current gear), and indicates the engaged state of the parts that do not transmit the power of the engine (i.e. preselected lower and higher gears). The operation of the double-clutch transmission of FIG. 7, in accordance with this fourth embodiment of the present invention configured as above, is described below. Specifically, the engagement modes of the reverse speed R and the seven forward speeds I-VII (in upshift from the first speed I to the seventh speed VII), starting from an idle condition in which no gear is engaged, are described.

[0061] When the transmission is to be operated in the reverse speed R, the coupling device K2 is engaged with the gear 40, the synchronizer S1 engages the shaft 72 and the clutch C1 is operated to transmit the torque of the engine to the input shaft 11. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the reverse speed drive gear 40, the reverse idle gear R1 and the reverse speed driven gear 80.

[0062] When the transmission is to be operated in the first forward speed I, the coupling device K3 is engaged with the gear 41, the synchronizer S2 engages the shaft 73 and the second clutch C2 is operated to transmit the torque of the engine to the second input shaft 12. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the first speed drive gear 41 and the first-second speed driven gear 82. Further, the coupling device K1 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the second forward speed II by engaging the gear 42.

[0063] To shift to the second forward speed II, the synchronizer S1 engages the shaft 71 and the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the second speed drive gear 42 and the first-second speed driven gear 82. Further, the coupling device K3 is held in an engaged state with the gear 41 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the first forward speed I and the coupling device K4 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the third forward speed III by engaging the gear 43.

[0064] To shift to the third forward speed III, the synchronizer S2 engages the shaft 74 and the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C1 to the clutch C2, and thus to the second input shaft 12, and the synchronizer S1 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the third speed drive gear 43 and the third-fourth speed driven gear 84. Further, the coupling device K1 is held in an engaged state with the gear 42 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the second forward speed II and the coupling device K2 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the fourth forward speed IV by engaging the gear 44.

[0065] To shift to the fourth forward speed IV, the synchronizer S1 engages the shaft 72, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the fourth speed drive gear 44 and the third-fourth speed driven gear 84. Further, the coupling device K4 is held in an engaged state with the gear 43 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the third forward speed III and the coupling device K3 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the fifth forward speed V by engaging the gear 45.

[0066] To shift to the fifth forward speed V, the synchronizer S2 engages the shaft 73, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C1 to the clutch C2, and thus to the second input shaft 12, and the synchronizer S1 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the fifth speed drive gear 45 and the fifth-sixth speed driven gear 86. Further, the coupling device K2 is held in an engaged state with the gear 44 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the fourth forward speed IV and the coupling device K1 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the sixth forward speed VI by engaging the gear 46.

[0067] To shift to the sixth forward speed VI, the synchronizer S1 engages the shaft 71, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C2 to the clutch C1, and thus to the first input shaft 11, and the synchronizer S2 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the sixth speed drive gear 46 and the fifth-sixth speed driven gear 86. Further, the coupling device K3 is held in an engaged state with the drive gear 45 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the fifth forward speed V and the coupling device K4 is operated to preselect the power transmission path for the seventh forward speed VII by engaging the gear 47

[0068] To shift to the seventh forward speed VII, the synchronizer S2 is operated to engage the shaft 74, the transmission of the engine torque is switched from the clutch C1 to the clutch C2, and thus to the first input shaft 12, and the synchronizer S1 is placed in the idle position. As a result, the motion is transmitted to the output shaft 16 via the seventh speed drive gear 47 and the seventh speed driven gear 87. Further, the coupling device K1 is held in an engaged state with the drive gear 46 to retain the preselection of the power transmission path for the sixth forward speed VI.

[0069] The illustrated embodiments of the present invention have six or seven forward speeds and one reverse speed, but it will be evident for those skilled in the art that a transmission with a different number of speeds can be easily derived from any described embodiment.

[0070] The embodiments provided in this description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are examples given for an illustration purpose only and it will be apparent, to those skilled in the art, that various modifications and equivalent embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention, and that the present invention can be applied to products other than a vehicle. Therefore, all such equivalent embodiments and different applications are intended to be covered by the appended claims.