Branched Linker for Protein Drug Conjugates

Abstract

The present invention relates to method for connecting a protein and a drug to a protein drug conjugate, wherein the drug is linked to the protein through a specific branched linker, said branched linker comprises a peptide chain and is derived from o-hydroxy p-amino benzylic alcohol, wherein the peptide chain is connected to the phenyl ring via the p-amino group, the drug is connected to the phenyl ring via the benzylic alcohol moiety, and the protein is connected to the phenyl ring via the o-hydroxy group; further to a process for the preparation of said protein-drug-conjugates via various intermediates, to the pharmaceutical use of such protein drug conjugates, such as methods of controlling the growth of undesirable cells, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such protein drug conjugates, and to intermediates of the preparation of the protein drug conjugates.

Claims

1-17. (canceled)

18. A compound of formula (VI): ##STR00082## wherein AA.sup.1 represents one alpha amino acid structure in which carboxyl terminal is amide bonded to NH; (3) denotes the alpha amino group of said alpha amino acid structure, R1 and R2 are identical or different and independently from each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and PGN; PGN is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of Boc, Fmoc and benzyloxycarbonyl; and AA.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, lysine with side chain amino group protected with acetyl or formyl groups, arginine, histidine, ornithine, omithine with side chain amino group protected with acetyl or formyl groups, and citrulline.

19. A compound of formula (VI) according to claim 18, wherein the compound of formula (VI) is selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (6-3), a compound of formula (6-4), a compound of formula (6b-3), and a compound of formula (6b-4), as follows: ##STR00083##

Description

EXAMPLE 1

[0481] To a mixture of p-amino salicylic acid (15.0 g) and MeOH (113.0 ml) at 0 C., conc. H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (30.0 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 2 hours to form a homogeneous solution. The reaction mixture was then cooled to RT. Water (360 ml) was added, followed by solid NaHCO.sub.3 until pH 7. The resulting mixture was filtered, the wet cake was washed with water (3 times with 80 mL each) and dried under vacuum at 55 C. to afford 14.7 g of compound of formula (VII-1) as a solid (89% yield).

[0482] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 3.90 (1H, s), 4.12 (2H, brs), 6.16 to 6.19 (2H, m), 7.62 to 7.65 (1H, m).

[0483] ESI-MS: 168.0 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 2

[0484] To a mixture of H-Cit-OH (40.0 g, 1.0 eq.) and Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (50.0 g, 2.0 eq.) in water (300 ml) and THF (150 ml), a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (60.0 g, 1.2 eq.) in THF (100 ml) was added dropwise within 1 hour. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at RT overnight. After that, the suspension was washed with PE (2 times with 150 ml each), then the mixture was concentrated to about 300 ml under vacuum. The mixture was acidified to pH 2 with 4.0 M aqueous KHSO.sub.4, then extracted with EtOAc (5 times with 150 ml each). The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated brine (100 ml), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness to afford 52.0 g of Boc-Cit-OH as white solid (83% yield).

[0485] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 1.38 (9H, s), 1.36 to 1.43 (2H, m), 1.47 to 1.69 (2H, m), 2.93 (2H, q, J=6.3 Hz), 3.82 to 3.87 (1H, m), 5.36 (2H, brs), 5.92 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.07 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 12.44 (1H, brs).

[0486] ESI-MS: 275.8 (M+H)+, 550.8 (2M+H)+

EXAMPLE 3

[0487] Boc-Cit-OH (53.0 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 2, and EEDQ (72.0 g, 1.5 eq.) were added to THF (400 ml). To this mixture was then added compound of formula (VII-1) (49.0 g, 1.5 eq.), prepared according to example 1. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 14 hours. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with water (500 ml), extracted with EtOAc (3 times with 250 ml each). The organic phases were combined and washed with 1.0 M aqueous solution of citric acid (2 time with 150 ml each) and saturated brine (150 ml). After that, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, then concentrated to dryness, the crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent PE:EtOAc=4:1 to 2:1 to 1:1 (v/v) to pure EtOAc) and isolated to afford 62.5 g of compound of formula (6-4) as yellow solid (76% yield).

[0488] Analysis by silica gel TLC:EtOAc as eluent (Rf=0.3, UV254)

[0489] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 1.40 (9H, s), 1.57 to 1.83 (4H, m), 3.08 to 3.16 (2H, m), 3.90 (3H, s), 4.43 (1H, s), 5.26 (2H, s), 5.85 (2H, s), 7.11 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.28 (1H, s), 7.68 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 9.74 (1H, s), 10.82 (1H, brs).

[0490] ESI-MS: 325.2 (MtBuOCO+2H)+

EXAMPLE 4

[0491] Compound of formula (6-4) (62.0 g, 1 eq.), prepared according to example 3, was suspended in a solution of 15% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (100 ml), the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 51.6 g of compound of formula (6-3) as HCl salt, being a white solid (98% yield).

EXAMPLE 5

[0492] Compound of formula (6-3) as HCl salt (75.6 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 4, Boc-L-Val (43.0 g, 1.0 eq.) and TBTU (135.5 g, 2.0 eq.) were dissolved in DMF (250 ml). Then DIPEA (71.2 g, 2.6 eq.) was added. The resulting solution was stirred at RT for 17 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (750 ml), extracted with EtOAc (5 times with 200 ml each), the organic phases were combined and washed with 1.0 M aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 solution (3 times with 300 ml each) and then with saturated brine (150 ml). The organic phase was collected and concentrated to dryness, the crude product was then purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH=20:1 to 10:1 to 7:1 (v/v) and isolated to afford 62.0 g of compound of formula (6-2) as a solid (57% yield).

[0493] Analysis by silica gel TLC:DCM:MeOH=6:1 (v/v) as eluent (Rf=0.4, UV254)

[0494] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.84 (6H, dd, J1=17.2 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.39 (9H, s), 1.42 to 1.51 (2H, m), 1.55 to 1.73 (2H, m), 1.93 to 1.98 (1H, m), 2.90 to 3.08 (2H, m), 3.82 to 3.84 (11H, m), 3.88 (3H, s), 4.39 to 4.45 (1H, m), 5.43 (2H, s), 6.01 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J1=8.8 Hz, J2=2.0 Hz), 7.73 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.08 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.34 (1H, s), 10.62 (1H, brs).

[0495] ESI-MS: 524.3 (M+H)+, 424.3 (M-tBuOCO+2H)+

EXAMPLE 6

[0496] Compound of formula (6-2) (62.0 g, 1 eq.), prepared according to example 5, was suspended in a solution of 15% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (200 ml), the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 52.4 g of compound of formula (6-1) as HCl salt, being a white solid (97% yield).

EXAMPLE 7

[0497] Compound of formula (6-1) as HCl salt (52.4 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 6, acetic anhydride (60.0 g, 5.0 eq.), pyridine (100.0 g, 11.0 eq.) and methanol (150 ml) were mixed and stirred at RT for 7 days. The suspension was filtered and the resulting wet cake was washed with MeOH (4 times with 200 ml each), then dried under vacuum to afford 32.9 g of compound of formula (6) as a white solid (62% yield).

[0498] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=12.4 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.35 to 1.50 (2H, m), 1.56 to 1.74 (2H, m), 1.87 (3H, s), 1.94 to 2.00 (1H, m), 2.93 to 3.06 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.20 (1H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 4.34 to 4.39 (1H, m), 5.43 (2H, s), 6.00 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J1=8.8 Hz, J2=1.6 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.73 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.21 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.24 (1H, s), 10.62 (1H, s).

[0499] ESI-MS: 466.3 (M+H)+, 931.3 (2M+H)+

EXAMPLE 8

[0500] Compound of formula (MA) (5.5 g, 1.0 eq.) and beta-alanine (5.0 g, 1.0 eq.) in DMF (30.0 ml), were stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours. The mixture was then cooled to 0 C.

[0501] Compound of formula (HOSu) (8.0 g, 1.3 eq.) and DCC (24.0 g, 2.0 eq.) were added. Then the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to RT and stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was then filtered, the resulting wet cake was washed with DMF (40.0 ml), the organic phases were combined and then diluted with water (120 ml) and extracted with DCM (3 times with 50 ml each). The organic phases were combined, washed with water (50 ml), then with 5% (w/w) aqueous NaHCO3 solution (50 ml) and then with saturated brine (50 ml). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, then concentrated until solid started to precipitate. Then PE (20 ml) was added to the mixture and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min. The mixture was then filtered, the wet cake was washed with PE (20 ml) and then dried under vacuum at 40 C. overnight to afford 4.0 g of compound of formula (CG1MR-IV-1) as a white solid (27% yield).

##STR00067##

[0502] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 2.84 (4H, s), 3.04 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 3.95 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 6.75 (2H, s).

[0503] ESI-MS: 267.2 (M+H)+, 289.4 (M+Na)+

EXAMPLE 9

[0504] To a mixture of compound of formula (HSGH-II-1) (10.0 g, 1.0 eq.), MeOH (50 ml) and Et3N (10.7 g, 1.1 eq.), a solution of Boc.sub.2O in MeOH (22.8 g, 1.1 eq. Boc.sub.2O in 50 ml MeOH) was added dropwise. Then the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 15 hours and then dried under vacuum to afford 20.0 g of compound of formula (Boc-HSGH-II-1) as a slightly yellow oil (quantitative yield).

##STR00068##

[0505] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 1.44 (9H, s), 2.73 (1H, brs), 3.32 (2H, q, J=5.2 Hz), 3.54 to 3.58 (4H, m), 3.72 to 3.74 (2H, m), 5.15 (1H, brs).

EXAMPLE 10

[0506] To a mixture of compound of formula (Boc-HSGH-II-1) (6.17 g, 1 eq.), prepared according to example 9, pyridine (2.86 g, 1.2 eq) and DCM (30 ml) at 0 C., DMAP (0.366 g, 0.1 eq) were added. A mixture of tosyl chloride (6.31 g, 1.1 eq) and DCM (45 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 8 days. Then the resulting mixture was poured onto DCM (100 ml), the resulting mixture was washed with water (1 time with 100 ml), the organic phase was then dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. The resulting solution was further concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography (PE:EtOAc=6:1 to PE:EtOAc=1:1 (v/v)) to afford 8.1 g of compound of formula (SGM-II-1) as a colorless oil (75% yield).

[0507] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=12.4 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.35 to 1.50 (2H, m), 1.56 to 1.74 (2H, m), 1.87 (3H, s), 1.94 to 2.00 (1H, m), 2.93 to 3.06 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.20 (1H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 4.34 to 4.39 (1H, m), 5.43 (2H, s), 6.00 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 7.11 (1H, dd, J1=8.8 Hz, J2=1.6 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.73 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.21 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.24 (1H, s), 10.62 (1H, s).

EXAMPLE 11

[0508] A mixture of compound of formula (6) (3.00 g, 1 eq), prepared according to example 7, compound of formula (SGM-II-1) (4.65 g, 2 eq), prepared according to example 10, K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (1.82 g, 2 eq) and anhydrous DMF (30 ml) was heated to 50 C. and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 7 days. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum.

[0509] To the residue methanol (30 ml) was added, the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min and then filtered. The wet cake was washed with methanol (3 times with 10 ml each). The organic phase were combined and then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH=7:1 (v/v)) to afford 3.40 g of compound of formula (50-1) as a slightly yellow solid (81% yield).

[0510] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) 8 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=12.8 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.38 to 1.51 (2H, m), 1.56 to 1.80 (2H, m), 1.89 (3H, s), 1.92 to 2.01 (1H, m), 2.92 to 3.05 (2H, m), 3.07 to 3.12 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 3.75 to 3.77 (5H, m), 4.08 to 4.10 (2H, m), 4.20 (1H, dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 4.34 to 4.40 (1H, m), 5.42 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.74 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.26 (1H, dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=1.6 Hz), 7.49 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.68 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.91 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.19 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 10.20 (1H, s).

[0511] ESI-MS: 653.4 (M+H)+, 675.5 (M+Na)+, 553.5 (M-tBuOCO+2H)+

EXAMPLE 12

[0512] A mixture of compound of formula (50-1) (500 mg), prepared according to example 11, and a solution of 10% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml) was stirred at RT for 15 hours. The solvent was removed under vacuum to afford 431 mg of compound of formula (50) as HCl salt, being a slightly yellow solid (quantitative yield).

[0513] ESI-MS: 553.5 (M+H)+, 1105.2 (2M+H)+

EXAMPLE 13

[0514] To a mixture of compound of formula (50) as HCl salt (1.10 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 12, and anhydrous THF (20 ml) at 30 C. was added a solution of DIBAL-H in hexanes (1 M, 11.9 ml, 6.0 eq). The resulting mixture was then heated to 0 C. and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 15 hours. Then methanol (2.0 mL) was added. Then saturated aqueous potassium sodium tartrate solution (10 ml) was added to the mixture and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness to generate a white residue which was washed with methanol (5 times with 10 ml each). The combined organic phases were concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH:Et3N=65:33:2 (v/v)) to afford 0.65 g of compound of formula (40) as a white solid (72% yield).

[0515] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 60 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.37 to 1.53 (2H, m), 1.63 to 1.79 (2H, m), 1.92 (3H, s), 1.99 to 2.07 (1-1, m), 2.70 (2H, brs), 2.99 to 3.02 (2H, m), 3.47 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 4.07 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 4.18 (1H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 4.34 to 4.41 (1H, m), 5.25 (2H, s), 5.90 (1H, brs), 7.16 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.26 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.32 (1H, s), 7.76 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.91 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 9.69 (1H, s).

[0516] ESI-MS: 525.6 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 14

[0517] To a mixture of compound of formula (40) (500.2 mg, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 13, compound of formula (CG1MR-IV-1) (281.0 mg, 1.1 eq), prepared according to example 8, and DMF (9.5 ml) at RT, DIPEA (140.3 mg, 1.1 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 17 hours. Then the DMF was removed under vacuum to afford a slightly yellow residue. The residue was then mixed with acetone (10 ml) and stirred at RT for 18 h. The mixture was filtered, the wet cake was washed with acetone (2 times with 5 ml each), then dried under vacuum to afford 515.0 mg of compound of formula (30) as a slightly yellow solid (80% yield).

[0518] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=11.2 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.32 to 1.48 (2H, m), 1.55 to 1.76 (2H, m), 1.89 (3H, s), 1.94 to 2.02 (1H, m), 2.33 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.93 to 3.04 (2H, m), 3.16 to 3.20 (2H, q, J==5.6 Hz), 3.46 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 3.60 (2H, t, J=7.8 Hz), 3.73 (2H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 4.04 (2H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 4.18 (1H, dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 4.34 to 4.39 (1H, m), 4.44 (2H, s), 4.88 (1H, brs), 5.42 (2H, s), 6.00 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.16 (1H, dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=2.0 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.05 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 9.88 (1H, s).

EXAMPLE 15

[0519] A mixture of compound of formula (30) (400 mg, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 14, DIPEA (231.0 mg, 3.0 eq), 4 angstrom molecular sieves (800 mg) and dry DMF (8.0 ml) was stirred for 5 min. Then compound of formula (II-1) (361.2 mg, 2 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 h at RT. Then compound of formula (DOXO) as HCl salt (342.8 mg, 1.0 eq) was added and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours. Then MeCN (40.0 ml) was added. A precipitate had formed and was filtered and washed with a mixture of MeCN and DMF (5:1 (v/v), 2 times with 5 ml each). The filtrates were combined and dried under vacuum at 45 C. to get a dark red residue. The residue was washed with MeCN (2 times with 10 ml each), then the residue was dissolved in a mixture of acetone and water (20:1 (v/v)) and purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=5:1 (v/v), Rf=0.15). The product was extracted from the silica-gel by a mixture of acetone and water (20:1 (v/v), 6 times with 20 ml each), the combined extraction solutions were dried under vacuum to afford a crude product as a red solid. The crude product was then mixed with acetonitrile (5.0 ml), the mixture was stirred at RT for 5 hours and then filtered. The presscake was mixed with acetonitrile (5.0 ml) and the mixture stirred for 3 hours at RT. The mixture was then filtered. The presscake was dried under vacuum at RT to afford 48.0 mg of compound of formula (20) as a red solid (7% yield).

[0520] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.85 (6H, dd, J1=11.2 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.34 to 1.47 (3H, m), 1.57 to 1.72 (2H, m), 1.82 to 1.90 (1H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 1.93 to 1.98 (1H, m), 2.08 to 2.22 (2H, m), 2.29 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.91 to 3.01 (4H, m), 3.11 to 3.16 (2H, m), 3.41 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 3.45 to 3.46 (1H, m), 3.54 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.68 to 3.74 (3H, m), 3.98 (3H, s), 4.03 (2H, t, J=4.0 Hz), 4.17 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 4.32 to 4.38 (1H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 4.69 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.85 to 4.89 (2H, m), 4.94 (1H, brs), 5.22 (1H, brs), 5.40 (2H, s), 5.46 (1H, brs), 5.98 (1H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.95 (2H, s), 7.12 (11-, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.36 (1H, s), 7.64 (1H, brs), 7.89 to 7.91 (3H, m), 7.99 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 9.92 (1H, s), 13.26 (1H, s), 14.02 (1H, s).

[0521] ESI-MS: 1245.5 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 16

[0522] To a mixture of compound of formula (HSGH-III-1) (110.16 g, 5 eq) and dioxane (400 ml) at 0 C., a mixture of Boc.sub.2O (22.10 g, 1 eq) in dioxane (200 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was then heated to RT and then stirred for 20 hours. Then the solvent was removed under vacuum. The resulting residue was added to water (300 ml), the resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (2 times with 300 ml each). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:EtOAc=1:1 (v/v), then with DCM:MeOH:Et3N=89:9:2 (v/v)) to afford 17.7 g of compound of formula (Boc-HSGH-III-1) as a slightly yellow oil (55% yield).

##STR00069##

[0523] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, 20 C.) 1.44 (9H, s), 1.64 (2H, s), 1.72-1.78 (4H, m), 2.81 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 3.23 (2H, q, J=6.0 Hz), 3.55-3.62 (8H, m), 3.64-3.66 (41-H, m), 5.14 (1H, brs).

EXAMPLE 17

[0524] To a mixture of compound of formula (Boc-HSGH-III-1) (5.00 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 18, K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (4.30 g, 2.0 eq) and DCM (40 ml) at 0 C., a mixture of compound of formula (HSGHReac-1) (2.17 g, 1.2 eq) in DCM (20 ml) was added dropwise within 1 hour. The resulting mixture was warmed to RT and stirred for 20 hours. Then the solid was filtered, the cake was washed with DCM (2 times with 5 ml each). The filtrates were combined and evaporated to dryness. The residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent EtOAc:PE=3:1) to afford 5.6 g of compound of formula (SGM-III-1) as a slightly yellow oil (90% yield).

[0525] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, 20 C.) 1.44 (9H, s), 1.64 (2H, s), 1.73-1.86 (4H, m), 3.23 (2H, q, J=6.0 Hz), 3.44 (2H, q, J=6.0 Hz), 3.54 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 3.58-3.66 (10H, m), 4.04 (2H, s), 4.98 (1H, brs), 7.31 (1H, brs).

EXAMPLE 18

[0526] Compound of formula (6) (5.80 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 7, K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (5.18 g, 2.0 eq), compound of formula (SGM-III-1) (9.95 g, 2.0 eq), prepared according to example 17, and DMF (45 ml) were mixed. The resulting mixture was then heated to 50 C. and stirred for 7 days under nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness under vacuum. Methanol (40 ml) was added to the residue, the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min and then filtered. The wet cake was washed with methanol (3 times with 10 ml each). The organic filtrates were collected and combined and then evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH=7:1 (v/v)) to afford 7.20 g of compound of formula (51-1) as a slightly yellow solid (70% yield).

[0527] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=13.6 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.32 to 1.49 (2H, m), 1.37 (9H, s), 1.55 to 1.78 (6H, m), 1.89 (3H, s), 1.94 to 1.99 (1H, m), 2.93 to 3.07 (4H, m), 3.26 (2H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 3.37 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 3.43 to 3.52 (10H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 4.20 (1H, dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 4.35 to 4.41 (1H, m), 4.53 (2H, s), 5.44 (2H, s), 6.03 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.74 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.36 (1H, dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=2.0 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.06 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 8.21 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.32 (1H, s).

[0528] ESI-MS: 726.6 (M-tBuOCO+2H)+, 826.3 (M+H)+. 848.5 (M+Na)+

EXAMPLE 19

[0529] Compound of formula (51-1) (1.00 g), prepared according to example 18, and a solution of 15% (v/v) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml) were mixed. The mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hours. The solvent was removed under vacuum to afford 0.99 g of compound of formula (51) as HCl salt, being a slightly yellow solid (quantitative yield).

[0530] ESI-MS: 726.6 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 20

[0531] A mixture of compound of formula (51) as HCl salt (6.08 g, 1 eq), prepared according to example 19, water (100 ml), CaCl.sub.2 (1.86 g, 2.0 eq), and NaBH.sub.4 (1.27 g, 4.0 eq) was stirred at RT. Further NaBH.sub.4 was added portion wise (1.27 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 15 hours stirring; 1.27 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 20 hours stirring; 1.27 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 24 hours of stirring). After a total of 36 hours of stirring, MeOH (30 ml) was added to the mixture. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the wet cake was washed with MeOH (3 times with 10 ml each). The liquid phase was collected, combined and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH:Et3N=65:33:2 (v/v)) to afford 2.70 g of compound of formula (41) as a slightly yellow solid (48% yield).

[0532] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=10.8 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.31 to 1.49 (2H, m), 1.55 to 1.82 (6H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 1.93 to 2.02 (1H, m), 2.82 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.98 to 3.05 (2H, m), 3.15 to 3.20 (2H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 3.34 to 3.51 (2H, m), 4.16 to 4.20 (1H, m), 4.34 to 4.41 (1H, m), 4.46 (2H, s), 4.50 (2H, s), 5.47 (2H, s), 6.13 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.25 (2H, s), 7.26 (1H, s), 7.95 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.10 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 10.01 (1H, s).

[0533] ESI-MS: 698.7 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 21

[0534] Compound of formula (41) (2.78 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 20, compound of formula (CG1MR-IV-1) (1.18 g, 1.1 eq), prepared according to example 8, and DMF (30 ml) were mixed at RT. Then DIPEA (0.58 g, 1.1 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hours. Then DMF was removed under vacuum to afford a slightly yellow residue. The residue was then mixed with acetone (30 ml) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 5 hours. Then the mixture was filtered, the wet cake was washed with acetone (2 times with 15 ml each) and then dried under vacuum to afford 2.55 g of compound of formula (31) as a slightly yellow solid (75% yield).

[0535] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=11.2 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.32 to 1.48 (2H, m), 1.55 to 1.73 (2H, m), 1.89 (3H, s), 1.93 to 2.01 (1H, m), 2.31 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.90 to 3.11 (4H, m), 3.17 (2H, q, J=6.4 Hz), 3.36 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 3.44 to 3.60 (8H, m), 3.60 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 4.19 (1H, dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 4.35 to 4.40 (1H, m), 4.46 (2H, s), 4.51 (2H, s), 5.08 (1H, brs), 5.42 (2H, s), 6.00 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.22 (1H, s), 7.25 (1H, s), 7.89 to 7.91 (1H, m), 8.04 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 9.92 (1H, s).

[0536] ESI-MS: 831.6 (MOH)+, 849.4 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 22

[0537] A mixture of compound of formula (31) (500.4 mg, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 21, DIPEA (305.7 mg, 4.0 eq), 4 angstrom molecular sieves (500.5 mg) and dry DMF (10.0 ml) was stirred for 5 min. Then compound of formula (II1-1) (271.1 mg, 1.5 eq.) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 hours at RT. Then compound of formula (DOXO) as HCl salt (342.8 mg, 1.0 eq.) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours. Then MeCN (50.0 ml) was added. A precipitate had formed and was filtered and washed with a mixture of MeCN with DMF (5:1 (v/v), 3 times with 10 ml each). The filtrates were combined and dried under vacuum at 45 C. to afford a dark red residue. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of DCM with MeOH (7:1 (v/v)) and purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=7:1 (v/v), Rf=0.15). The product was extracted from the silica gel by a mixture of acetone with water (20:1 (v/v), 5 times with 50 ml each), the combined extracts were dried under vacuum to afford the crude product as a red solid. The crude product was then mixed with acetonitrile (30 ml), the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours and was then filtered. The cake was mixed with acetonitrile (10 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at RT. The mixture was then filtered. The cake was dried under vacuum at RT to afford 100.3 mg of compound of formula (21) as a red solid (12% yield).

[0538] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.85 (6H, dd, J1=11.8 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.34 to 1.68 (9H, m), 1.82 to 1.90 (1H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 1.93 to 2.00 (1H, m), 2.13 to 2.24 (2H, m), 2.30 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.91 to 3.04 (6H, m), 3.10 to 3.15 (2H, m), 3.29 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 3.37 to 3.49 (11H, m), 3.59 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.68 to 3.76 (III, m), 3.99 (3H, s), 4.13 to 4.19 (2H, m), 4.33 to 4.41 (3H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.71 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 4.86 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 4.95 (1H, brs), 5.02 (2H, s), 5.23 (11H, brs), 5.41 (2H, s), 5.46 (1H, brs), 5.99 (1H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.21 to 7.25 (3H, m), 7.66 (1H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 8.11 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 9.97 (1H, s), 13.28 (1H, s), 14.04 (1H, s).

[0539] ESI-MS: 1417.8 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 23

[0540] To a mixture of compound of formula (HSGH-III-2) (84.9 g, 5.0 eq.) and CHCl.sub.3 (500 ml) was added a mixture of Boc.sub.2O (50.0 g, 1.0 eq.) in CHCl.sub.3 (200 ml) dropwise within 2 hours at room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at RT. The resulting suspension was filtered and the wet cake was washed with DCM (50 ml). The filtrate was combined and evaporated to dryness to afford a colorless oil. The oil was then dissolved in DCM (200 ml), washed with water (300 ml) and dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. The resulting organic phase was then evaporated to dryness and the product purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH=20:1 to 5:1 (v/v)) to afford 13.0 g of compound of formula (Boc-HSGH-III-2) (33% yield).

##STR00070##

[0541] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 1.32 (9H, s), 1.46-1.53 (4H, m), 2.64 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 3.06 to 3.09 (2H, m), 5.22 (1H, brs).

EXAMPLE 24

[0542] To a mixture of compound of formula (Boc-HSGH-III-2) (11.3 g), prepared according to example 23, K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (18.0 g) and DCM (200 ml) at 0 C. was added a mixture of compound of formula (HSGHReac-1) with DCM (50 ml) dropwise within 40 min. The resulting mixture was then heated to RT and stirred for 2 hours. Then aqueous citric acid solution (% by weight, based on the weight of the solution, 180 ml) was added. The organic phase was separated and washed with saturated brine (100 ml), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent PE:EtOAc2:1 to 1:1 to 1:2 (v/v)) to afford 13.9 g of compound of formula (SGM-III-2) as a white solid (89% yield).

[0543] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 1.46 (9H, s), 1.68 to 1.71 (2H, m), 3.20 (2H, q, J=6.2 Hz), 3.39 (2H, q, J=6.4 Hz), 4.07 (2H, s), 4.87 (1H, brs), 7.17 (1H, brs).

EXAMPLE 25

[0544] A mixture of compound of formula (6) (5.51 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 7, compound of formula (SGM-III-2) (6.02 g, 2.0 eq.), prepared according to example 24, K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (3.31 g, 2.0 eq.), and anhydrous DMF (30 ml) was heated to 50 C. and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 7 days. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum. MeOH (40 ml) was added to the residue, the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min and then filtered. The wet cake was washed with methanol (3 times with 10 ml each). The filtrate was collected, combined and then concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH=7:1 (v/v)) to afford 3.8 g of compound of formula (52-1) as a slightly yellow solid (46% yield).

[0545] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.88 (6H, dd, J1=9.6 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.32 to 1.50 (2H, m), 1.52 to 1.82 (4H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 1.92 to 1.97 (1H, m), 2.91 to 3.05 (4H, m), 3.17 to 3.22 (2H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 4.13 (1H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 4.33 to 4.39 (1H, m), 5.42 (2H, s), 5.98 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.80 (1H, 1, J=5.4 Hz), 7.45 (1H, dd, J1=8.6 Hz, J2=1.8 Hz), 7.50 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.02 to 8.05 (2H, m), 8.50 (1H, d, J=11.6 Hz), 10.14 (1H, s).

[0546] ESI-MS: 580.5 (M-tBuOCO+2H)+, 680.4 (M+H)+, 1359.0 (2M+H)+

EXAMPLE 26

[0547] A mixture of compound of formula (52-1) (3.40 g), prepared according to example 25, and of a solution of 10% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (50 ml) was stirred at RT for 15 hours. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford 3.20 g of compound of formula (52) as HCl salt, being a white solid (quantitative yield). The crude mixture was used directly in the next step.

EXAMPLE 27

[0548] A mixture of compound of formula (52) as HCl salt (3.00 g, 1 eq.), prepared according to example 26, water (60 ml), CaCl.sub.2 (1.09 g, 2.0 eq.) and NaBH.sub.4 (0.75 g, 4.0 eq.) was stirred at RT. Further amount of NaBH.sub.4 was added portionwise (0.75 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 15 hours of stirring; 0.74 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 19 hours of stirring; 0.74 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 23 hours of stirring). After a total of 40 hours of stirring, MeOH (15 ml) was added to the mixture. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the wet cake was washed with MeOH (3 times with 10 ml each). The filtrate was collected and combined and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH:Et3N=65:33:2 (v/v)) to afford 1.05 g of compound of formula (42) as a slightly yellow solid (39% yield).

[0549] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=11.0 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.30 to 1.46 (2H, m), 1.48 to 1.73 (41-, m), 1.89 (3H, s), 1.93 to 2.01 (1H, m), 2.56 (1H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 2.91 to 3.06 (4H, m), 3.13 to 3.22 (2H, m), 4.16 to 4.20 (1H, m), 4.34 to 4.39 (1H, m), 4.46 (2H, s), 4.50 (2H, s), 5.45 (2H, s), 6.06 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.22 to 7.27 (3H, m), 7.94 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.16 to 8.19 (2H, m), 9.96 (1H, s).

[0550] ESI-MS: 534.2 (MOH)+, 552.2 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 28

[0551] Compound of formula (42) (940.4 mg, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 27, compound of formula (CG1MR-IV-1) (501.2 mg, 1.1 eq.), prepared according to example 8, and DMF (10 ml) were mixed. Then DIPEA (247.0 mg, 1.1 eq.) was added at RT. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h. Then DMF was removed under vacuum to get a slightly yellow residue. The residue was then mixed with acetone (20 ml) and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hours. Then the mixture was filtered, the wet cake was washed with acetone (3 times with 5 ml each) and then dried under vacuum to afford 950.0 mg of compound of formula (32) as a slightly yellow solid (79% yield).

[0552] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J1=11.2 Hz, J2.sup.=6.8 Hz), 1.34 to 1.46 (2H, m), 1.47 to 1.73 (4H, m), 1.89 (3H, s), 1.94 to 2.01 (1H, m), 2.32 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz), 2.92 to 3.05 (4H, m), 3.10 to 3.15 (2H, m), 3.60 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 4.17 to 4.20 (1H, m), 4.34 to 4.42 (1H, m), 4.46 (2H, s), 4.52 (2H, s), 5.08 (1H, brs), 5.42 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.21 (1H, s), 7.25 (2H, s), 7.90 (III, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.95 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 8.05 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 8.11 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 9.92 (1H, s).

EXAMPLE 29

[0553] A mixture of compound of formula (32) (402.5 mg, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 28, 4 angstrom molecular sieves (800.0 mg), anhydrous DMF (8.0 ml) and compound of formula (II-1) (347.3 mg, 2.0 eq.) was stirred for 5 min. Then DIPEA (297.7 mg, 4.0 eq.) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 h at RT. Then compound of formula (DOXO) as HCl salt (332.2 mg, 1.0 eq.) was added and the mixture was then stirred for 4 hours. Then MeCN (40.0 ml) was added. A precipitate had formed and was filtered and washed with a mixture of MeCN and DMF (5:1 (v/v), 2 times with 5 ml each). The filtrate was combined and dried under vacuum at 45 C. to get a dark red residue. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of DCM and MeOH (7:1 (v/v)) and purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=7:1 (v/v), Rf=0.15). The product was extracted from the silica gel by a mixture of acetone and water (20:1 (v/v), 5 times with 50 ml each), the combined extraction solutions were dried under vacuum to afford the crude product as a red solid. The crude product was then mixed with acetonitrile (20 ml), the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hours and then filtered. The cake was dried under vacuum at RT to afford 74.0 mg of compound of formula (22) as a red solid (10% yield).

[0554] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.84 (6H, dd, J1=10.8 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.30 to 1.49 (5H, m), 1.56 to 1.69 (2H, m), 1.81 to 1.88 (4H, m), 1.93 to 1.98 (1H, m), 2.13 to 2.25 (2H, m), 2.28 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.92 to 3.07 (8H, m), 3.45 (1H, brs), 3.56 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.73 (1H, brs), 3.99 (3H, s), 4.15 to 4.19 (2H, m), 4.35 to 4.38 (1H, m), 4.41 (2H, s), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 4.71 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.85 (1H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 4.94 (1H, brs), 5.03 (2H, s), 5.22 (1H, brs), 5.42 (2H, s), 5.47 (1H, brs), 6.02 (1H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 6.87 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.97 (2H, s), 7.22 to 7.25 (3H, m), 7.65 (1H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 7.88 to 7.90 (5H, m), 8.11 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 9.98 (1H, s), 13.27 (1H, s), 14.02 (1H, s).

[0555] ESI-MS: 1271.9 (M+H)+, 1294.4 (M+Na)+

EXAMPLE 30

[0556] To a mixture of compound of formula (HSGH-II-2) (21.24 g, 1.0 eq) and Et.sub.3N (21.03 g, 1.1 eq.) in MeOH (100 mL) at 0 C., a solution of Boc.sub.2O (43.83 g, 1.1 eq.) in MeOH (50 ml) was added dropwise within 1 hours. The mixture was then warmed to RT and stirred for 24 hours. The resulting mixture was then evaporated to dryness under vacuum to afford 43.05 g of compound of formula (Boc-HSGH-II-2) as a yellow oil (quantitive yield).

##STR00071##

[0557] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 1.30 to 1.43 (4H, m), 1.45 (9H, s), 1.48 to 1.61 (4H, m), 1.70 (1H, brs), 3.12 (2H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 3.64 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.57 (1H, brs).

EXAMPLE 31

[0558] To a mixture of compound of formula (Boc-HSGH-II-2) (20.02 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according example 30, pyridine (8.02 g, 1.1 eq.) and dichloromethane (50 mL) at 0 C., a mixture of TsCl (19.33 g, 1.1 eq.) in dichloromethane (75 mL) dropwise within 2 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 7 days. The solution was then evaporated to dryness. The residue was washed with a mixture solvent (PE:EtOAc=6:1 (v/v), 4 times with 100 ml each) and filtered. The filtrate was combined then evaporated to dryness. The crude product was further purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=6:1 (v/v)) to afford 14.20 of compound of formula (SGM-II-2) as a white solid (41% yield).

##STR00072##

[0559] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delat 1.22 to 1.37 (4H, m), 1.39 to 1.47 (11H, ms), 1.62 to 1.68 (2H, m), 2.46 (3H, s), 3.07 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 4.02 (2H, t, J=6.4 Hz), 4.52 (1H, brs), 7.36 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.78 to 7.82 (2H, m).

EXAMPLE 32

[0560] A mixture of compound formula (6) (9.31 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 7, compound of formula (SGM-II-2), prepared according to example 31 (14.90 g, 2.0 eq.), K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (5.65 g, 2.0 eq.) and anhydrous DMF (60 mL) was heated to 50 C. and stirred for under N.sub.2 atmosphere 9 days. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness. To this residue MeOH (40 mL) was added and, the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min then filtered, the cake was further washed with MeOH (3 times with 15 ml each). The filtrate was combined and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford 6.35 g of compound of formula (53-1) as a slight yellow solid (48% yield).

[0561] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=12.0 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.24 to 1.33 (2H, m), 1.35 to 1.48 (15H, m), 1.56 to 1.76 (4H, m), 1.89 (3H, s), 1.92 to 2.01 (1H, m), 2.89 to 3.05 (4H, m), 3.75 (3H, s), 3.97 (2H, t, J=6.2 Hz), 4.17 to 4.21 (1H, m), 4.34 to 4.39 (1H, m), 5.41 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.77 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 7.24 (1H, dd, J=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=1.8 Hz), 7.47 to 7.48 (1H, m), 7.67 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.90 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.18 (1H, d, J=7.4 Hz), 10.17 (1H, s).

[0562] ESI-MS: 565.0 (M.sup.tBuOCO+2H).sup.+, 664.8 (M+H).sup.+, 1329.1 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 33

[0563] Compound of formula (53-1) (8.10 g), prepared according to example 32, and a solution of 10% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (50 ml) were mixed. The mixture was stirred at RT for 1.5 hours. The solvent was removed under vacuum to afford 9.00 g of compound of formula (53) as HCl salt, being a white solid (quantitative yield).

EXAMPLE 34

[0564] To a mixture of compound of formula (53) as HCl salt (4.01 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 33, and anhydrous THF (40 mL) at 30 C. was added a solution of DIBAL-H in hexanes (1 M, 51.1 ml, 8.1 eq). The resulting mixture was then heated to 0 C. and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 2.5 hours then warmed to RT naturally and stirred for 16 hours. The mixture as then cooled to 0 C. Methanol (10 mL) was added. Then saturated potassium sodium tartarate (100 ml) aqueous solution was added to the mixture and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at RT. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness to generate a white residue which was mixed with methanol (60 ml) and stirred for 1 hour. The resulting suspension was filtered, the cake was further washed with methanol (3 times with 30 ml each). The combined filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:Methanol:Et.sub.3N=66:32:2 (v/v)) to afford 1.81 g of compound of formula (43) as a white solid (53% yield).

[0565] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=10.4 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.31 to 1.16 (8H, m), 1.55 to 1.74 (4H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 1.94 to 2.02 (1H, m), 2.60 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 2.91 to 3.05 (2H, m), 3.92 (2H, t, J6.4 Hz), 4.16 to 4.20 (1H, m), 4.34 to 4.39 (1H, m), 4.44 (2H, s), 5.43 (2H, s), 6.07 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.14 to 7.17 (1H, m), 7.25 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.32 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.94 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.13 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 9.90 (1H, s).

[0566] ESI-MS: 519.9 (MOH).sup.+, 538.0 (M+H).sup.+, 1129.5 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 35

[0567] A mixture of compound of formula (43) (1.13 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 34, maleice anhydride (207.3 mg, 1.1 eq), and DMF (10 mL) was stirred at RT for 20 h. To the resulting solution was added compound of formula (HOSu) (225.1 mg, 1.0 eq) and EDC (in its mono hydrogen chloride form) (745.0 mg, 2.0 eq). The resulting mixture was further stirred at RT for 4 days. The mixture was evaporated to dryness then mixed with acetone (30 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 20 h then filtered. The cake was further washed with acetone (3 times with 15 ml each) and then dried under vacuum to afford 1.10 g of compound of formula (33) as a slightly yellow solid (90% yield).

[0568] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=10.2 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.26 to 1.55 (8H, m), 1.59 to 1.78 (4H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 1.93 to 2.02 (1H, m), 2.95 to 3.06 (2H, m), 3.41 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 3.89 (2H, t, J=6.2 Hz), 4.16 to 4.20 (1H, m), 4.34 to 4.40 (1H, m), 4.43 (2H, s), 5.42 (2H, brs), 6.05 (1H, brs), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.15 to 7.18 (1H, m), 7.24 to 7.29 (2H, m), 7.93 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.11 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 9.87 (1H, s).

[0569] ESI-MS: 599.6 (MOH).sup.+, 639.8 (M+Na).sup.+

EXAMPLE 36

[0570] A mixture of compound of formula (33) (50.2 mg, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 35, 4 angstrom molecular sieves (100.0 mg), anhydrous DMF (1.0 ml) and compound of formula (II-1) (37.0 mg, 1.6 eq) was stirred at RT for 5 min. Then DIPEA (46.5 mg, 4.4 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3.5 hours. Then compound of formula (DOXO) as HCl salt (37.8 mg, 0.86 eq) was added and the mixture was then stirred for 4.5 hours. Then MeCN (5.0 ml) was added. A precipitate had formed and was filtered and washed with a mixture of MeCN and DMF (5:1 (v/v), 2 times with 1 ml each). The filtrate was combined and dried under vacuum at 45 C. to get a hard residue. The residue was dissolved in the mixture of DCM and MeOH (10:1, v/v, 3 ml) and purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=7:1, (v/v), Rf=0.35). The product was extracted from the silica gel by a mixture of acetone and water (20:1, v/v, 6 times with 3 ml each). The combined extraction solutions were dried under vacuum to afford the crude product as a red solid. The cured product was then mixed with acetonitrile (5 ml), the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hours and then filtered. The cake was washed with acetonitrile (2 times with 1 ml each) then dried under vacuum at 25 C. to afford 9.0 mg of compound of formula (23) as a red solid (9% yield).

[0571] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.84 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=10.2 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.19 to 1.23 (2H, m), 1.35 to 1.50 (7H, m), 1.56 to 1.68 (4H, m), 1.81 to 1.86 (1H, m), 1.88 (3H, s), 1.91 to 2.01 (1H, m), 2.11 to 2.23 (2H, m), 2.91 to 3.01 (4H, m), 3.32 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.45 to 3.47 (1-H, m), 3.69 to 3.74 (1H, m), 3.98 (3H, s), 4.15 to 4.19 (2H, m), 4.32 to 4.37 (1H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 4.66 (2I-I, d, J=6.8 Hz), 4.82 to 4.93 (4H, m), 5.23 (1H, brs), 5.39 (2H, s), 5.46 (1H, brs), 5.96 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.74 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.93 (2H, s), 7.10 to 7.18 (2H, m), 7.31 (III, brs), 7.62 to 7.65 (11-1, m), 7.89 to 7.90 (3H, m), 8.09 (1H, d, J=7.4 Hz), 9.88 (1H, s), 13.26 (1H, s), 14.02 (1H, s).

[0572] ESI-MS: 1185.8 (M+H).sup.+, 1208.4 (M+Na).sup.+

EXAMPLE 37

[0573] A mixture of Z-L-Val (1.47 g, 0.95 eq), anhydrous DMF (15 ml), TBTU (2.97 g, 1.5 eq) and DIPEA (2.00 g, 2.5 eq) was stirred at RT for 15 min. To the resulting mixture was added compound of formula (6-3) as HCl salt (2.23 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 4. The mixture was further stirred at RT for 14 hours then evaporated to dryness at 45 C. Water (150 ml) was then added, the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 times with 200 ml each). The combined organic phase was washed with 250 ml saturated brine then dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. The resulting solution was concentrated then purified by silica gel column chromatography) (PE:EA=1:2 to DCM:MeOH=10:1 (v/v)) to afford 2.92 g of compound of formula (6-5) as a white solid (85%) yield.

[0574] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.87 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=17.6 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.36 to 1.50 (2H, m), 1.58 to 1.74 (2H, m), 1.94 to 2.02 (1H, m), 2.91 to 3.08 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 3.90 to 3.96 (1H, m), 4.37 to 4.43 (1H, m), 5.04 (2H, s), 5.43 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.8 Hz, J.sub.2=2.0 Hz), 7.30 to 7.37 (6H, m), 7.41 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.19 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.32 (1H, s), 10.62 (1H, s).

[0575] ESI-MS: 557.6 (M+H).sup.+, 579.9 (M+Na).sup.+, 1114.8 (2M+H).sup.+, 1136.5 (2M+Na)

EXAMPLE 38

[0576] A mixture of compound of formula (6-5) (20.00 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 37, K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (9.91 g, 2.0 eq) and anhydrous DMF (80 ml). The resulting mixture was heated to 50 C. and stirred for 0.5 hour. Compound of formula (SGM-II-1) (25.79 g, 2.0 eq), prepared according to example 10, was added to the reaction mixture in 4 portions within 2 hours. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 C. for 3 days then evaporated to dryness at 45 C. The residue was washed with MeOH (4 times with 20 ml each). The filtrate was combined then concentrated into dryness. The residue was further purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH=20:1, v/v) to afford 22.17 g of compound of formula (54-1) as a white solid (83% yield).

[0577] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.87 (61, dd, J=17.6 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.36 to 1.49 (11H, m), 1.59 to 1.73 (2H, m), 1.96 to 2.03 (1H, m), 2.92 to 3.14 (41-, m), 3.50 (2, t, J=6.0 Hz), 3.74 to 3.76 (5H, m), 3.93 to 3.97 (1H, m), 4.08 (2H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 4.39 to 4.44 (1H, m), 5.05 (2H, s), 5.42 (2H, s), 5.98 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.73 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 7.25 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=1.56 Hz), 7.30 to 7.36 (6H, m), 7.48 (1H, s), 7.69 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.15 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.28 (11H, s).

[0578] ESI-MS: 745.0 (M+H).sup.+, 1488.8 (2M+H)+, 645.3 (M.sup.tBuOCO+2H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 39

[0579] A mixture of compound of formula (54-1) (4.80 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 38, methanol (200 ml) and Pd/C (5%, 0.24 g) was degased for three times then stirred under H.sub.2 atmosphere (6 bar) at 30 C. for 18 hours. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated to dryness under vacuum to afford 3.96 g of compound of formula (54-2) as a white solid (quantitative yield.)

[0580] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.81 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 0.90 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.36 to 1.49 (11H, m), 1.58 to 1.78 (2H, m), 1.91 to 1.99 (1H, m), 2.92 to 3.12 (5H, m), 3.50 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 3.75 to 3.77 (5H, m), 4.09 (2H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 4.47 (1H, s), 5.45 (2H, s), 6.07 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.72 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 7.24 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=1.6 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J=1.4 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 10.42 (1H, s).

[0581] ESI-MS: 611.8 (M+H).sup.+, 1221.4 (2M+Na).sup.+, 512.0 (M.sup.tBuOCO+2H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 40

[0582] A mixture of N, N-dimethylglycine (0.48 g, 1.0 eq), DMF (15 ml) and TBTU (3.01 g, 2.0 eq) was cooled to 0 C. The resulting mixture was then stirred for 15 min followed by addition of compound of formula (54-2) (2.86 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 39. The mixture was then warmed to RT naturally and further stirred for 18 hours. The resulting mixture was then evaporated to dryness. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH=7:1, (v/v)) to afford 2.78 g of compound of formula (54-3) as a white solid (85% yield).

[0583] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.82 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 0.89 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.36 to 1.49 (11H, m), 1.56 to 1.75 (5H, m), 1.98 to 2.06 (1H, m), 2.33 (6H, s), 2.92 to 3.04 (2H, m), 3.06 to 3.11 (4H, m), 3.50 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 3.74 to 3.77 (5H, m), 4.09 (2H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 4.30 to 4.34 (1H, m), 4.36 to 4.41 (1H, m), 5.43 (2H, s), 6.01 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.73 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 7.25 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=1.8 Hz), 7.28 to 7.32 (1H, m), 7.35 to 7.39 (1H, m), 7.46 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.68 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.82 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz), 7.85 to 7.87 (1H, m), 8.38 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.30 (1H, s).

[0584] ESI-MS: 696.2 (M+H).sup.+, 1391.1 (2M+H).sup.+, 596.3 (M.sup.tBuOCO+2H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 41

[0585] A mixture of compound of formula (54-3), prepared according to example 40, and a solution of 10% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (50 ml) was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The solvent was removed under vacuum to afford 5.60 g of compound of formula (54) as di-HCl salt, being a white solid (quantitative yield).

[0586] ESI-MS: 596.4 (M+H).sup.+, 1191.3 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 42

[0587] To a mixture of compound of formula (54) as di-HCl salt (1.00 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 41 and anhydrous THF (15 ml) was at 0 C. was added a solution of DIBAL-H in hexanes (1 M, 10 ml, 6.7 eq). The resulting mixture was further at 0 C. for 1.5 hours. Then methanol (10 ml) was added dropwise. Then saturated potassium sodium tartarate aqueous solution (30 mL) was added and stirred at RT for 1 hour. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness. The resulting residue was washed with MeOH (3 times with 10 ml each). The combined filtrate was concentrated then purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH:Et.sub.3N=65:33:2 (v/v)) to afford 0.43 g of compound of formula (44) as a white solid (yield 51%).

[0588] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz. DMSO-d.sub.6, 60 C.) delta 0.82 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 0.87 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.32 to 1.50 (2H, m), 1.55 to 1.74 (2H, m), 1.97 to 2.06 (1H, m), 2.23 (6H, s), 2.73 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 2.91 (2H, brs), 2.93 to 3.06 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 3.75 (2H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 4.05 to 4.07 (2H, m), 4.29 to 4.33 (1H, m), 4.35 to 4.40 (1H, m), 4.45 (2H, s), 5.41 (2H, s), 6.02 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.15 (III, dd, J.sub.1=8.4 Hz, J.sub.2 1.6 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.63 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 8.31 (1H, d, J=7.4 Hz), 9.97 (1H, s).

[0589] ESI-MS: 550.3 ((MOH.sup.).sup.+, 568.2 (M+H).sup.+, 1134.7 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 43

[0590] To a mixture of compound of formula (44) (1.10 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 42, compound of formula (CG1MR-IV-1) (0.57 g, 1.1 eq), prepared according to example 8, and DMF (4.0 ml) at RT, DIPEA (0.28 g, 1.1 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours. Then the DMF was removed under vacuum to afford a slightly yellow residue which was then mixed with acetone (20 ml) and stirred at RT for 18 hours. The mixture was filtered, the cake was washed with acetone (2 times with 5 ml each), then dried under vacuum to afford 1.11 g of compound of formula (34) (80% yield).

[0591] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.82 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 0.88 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 1.34 to 1.46 (2H, m), 1.55 to 1.73 (2H, m), 1.97 to 2.05 (11-1, m), 2.25 (6H, s), 2.34 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 2.95 to 3.06 (4H, m), 3.17 to 3.21 (2H, m), 3.46 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 3.60 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.73 (2H, t, J=4.4 Hz), 4.03 (2H, t, J=4.4 Hz), 4.29 to 4.33 (1H, m), 4.35 to 4.40 (1H, m), 4.45 (2H, s), 4.86 (1H, brs), 5.41 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.14 to 7.16 (1H, m), 7.26 to 7.30 (2H, m), 7.67 (1H, d, J=9.2 Hz), 8.03 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 8.30 (1H, d, J=7.4 Hz), 9.95 (1H, s).

[0592] ESI-MS: 701.3 (MOH.sup.).sup.+, 719.2 (M+H).sup.+, 1436.7 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 44

[0593] A mixture of compound of formula (II-1) (169.4 mg, 2.0 eq), anhydrous DMF (4.0 ml) and 4 angstrom molecular sieves (400.0 mg) was stirred at RT for 15 min. To the resulting mixture was added DIPEA (107.9 mg, 3.0 eq.) and compound of formula (34), (200.0 mg, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 43. The resulting mixture was further stirred for 2.5 hours. Then compound of formula (DOXO) as HCl salt (161.8 mg, 1.0 eq) was added and further stirred for 2 hours. Then MeCN (20 ml) was added. A precipitate had formed and was filtered and washed with a mixture of MeCN and DMF (5:1 (v/v), 3 times with 3 ml each). The filtrates were combined and dried under vacuum at 48 C. The resulting residue was dissolved in a mixture of DCM and MeOH (5:1 (v/v), 5 ml) and purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=4:1 (v/v), Rf=0.5). The product was extracted from the silica-gel by a mixture of acetone and water (7:1 (v/v), 6 times with 10 ml each). The combined extraction solutions were dried under vacuum to afford a crude product as a red solid. The crude product was then mixed with acetonitrile (5 mL), stirred at RT for 2 hours then filtered. The wet cake was dried under vacuum at RT to afford 7.0 mg of compound of formula (24) as a red solid (2% yield.)

[0594] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.80 (3H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 0.86 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.32 to 1.52 (3H, m), 1.57 to 1.69 (2H, m), 1.82 to 1.88 (1H, m), 1.95 to 2.04 (1H, m), 2.10 to 2.18 (2H, m), 2.24 (6H, s), 2.29 (2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 2.92 to 3.02 (6H, m), 3.12 to 3.16 (2H, m), 3.41 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 3.45 (1H, brs), 3.55 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.69 to 3.74 (3H, m), 3.99 (3H, s), 4.03 (2H, brs), 4.13 to 4.17 (1H, m), 4.28 to 4.31 (1H, m), 4.33 to 4.38 (1H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 4.69 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.86 (1H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 4.90 (1H, s), 4.95 (1H, t, J=4.4 Hz), 5.23 (1H, brs), 5.40 (2H, s), 5.47 (1H, s), 6.00 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 6.79 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.95 (2H, s), 7.12 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.64 to 7.68 (2H, m), 7.91 (2H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 7.98 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 8.30 (1H, d, J==7.2 Hz), 10.02 (1H, s), 13.27 (1H, s), 14.02 (1H, s).

[0595] ESI-MS: 1288.3 (M+H).sup.

EXAMPLE 45

[0596] A mixture of compound of formula (VII-1) (26.10 g, 1.5 eq), prepared according to example 1, THF (150 ml), Boc-L-Lys(Ac)OH (30.00 g, 1.0 eq) and EEDQ (51.45 g, 2.0 eq) was stirred at RT for 24 hours. The mixture was then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=2:1 (v/v) to pure EtOAc) to afford 26.00 g of compound of formula (6b-4) as a slightly yellow solid (57% yield).

[0597] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 1.21 to 1.34 (4H, m), 1.38 (9H, s), 1.58 to 1.66 (2H, m), 1.77 (3H, s), 3.00 to 3.04 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 3.99 to 4.07 (1H, m), 7.08 to 7.11 (2H, m), 7.40 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.78 to 7.81 (1H, m), 10.20 (1H, s), 10.62 (1H, s).

[0598] ESI-MS: 437.9 (M+H).sup.+, 460.3 (M+Na).sup.+, 875.1 (2M+H).sup.+, 896.9 (2M+Na).sup.+, 338.1 (M.sup.tBuOCO+2H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 46

[0599] Compound of formula (6b-4) (26.00 g), prepared according to example 45, was suspended in a solution of 10% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (150 ml), the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 22.05 g of compound of formula (6b-3) as HCl salt, being a yellow solid (quantitative yield).

[0600] ESI-MS: 339.2 (M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 47

[0601] A mixture of compound of formula (6b-3) as HCl salt (25.21 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 46, Boc-L-Val-OH (13.25 g, 1.0 eq), TBTU (23.66 g, 1.1 eq), DIPEA (19.05 g, 2.2eq) and DMF (100 ml) was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness then purified by silica gel chromatography (DCM:MeOH=10:1 to 7:1, (v/v)) to afford 30.80 g of compound of formula (6b-2) as a slightly yellow solid (90% yield).

[0602] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 1.39 to 1.46 (14H, m), 1.49 to 1.56 (2H, m), 1.74 to 1.83 (1H, m), 1.95 to 2.02 (4H, m), 3.17 to 3.30 (2H, m), 3.92 (3H, s), 4.17 to 4.22 (1H, m), 4.54 to 4.60 (1H, m), 5.53 (1H, brs), 6.32 (1H, brs), 7.15 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H, brs), 7.38 (1H, s), 7.72 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.8 Hz, J.sub.2=1.0 Hz), 9.38 (1H, brs), 10.80 (1H, s).

[0603] ESI-MS: 509.3 (M+H).sup.+, 1017.0 (2M+H).sup.+, 1038.8 (2M+Na).sup.+, 409.5 (M.sup.tBuOCO+2H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 48

[0604] Compound of formula (6b-2) (30.80 g), prepared according to example 47, was suspended in a solution of 10% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (150 ml), the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 23 hours. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 25.90 g of compound of formula (6b-1) as HCl salt, being a white solid (96% yield).

[0605] ESI-MS: 409.0 (M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 49

[0606] A mixture of compound of formula (6b-1) as HCl salt (15.32 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 48, methanol (100 ml), pyridine (9.0 ml, 3.2 eq) and acetic anhydride (14.0 ml, 4.3 eq) was stirred at RT for 60 hours. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH=15:1 to 7:1, (v/v)) to afford 12.51 g of compound of formula (6b) as a slightly yellow solid (80% yield).

[0607] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 1.29 to 1.38 (4H, m), 1.61 to 1.74 (2H, m), 1.78 (3H, s), 1.86 (3H, s), 2.99 to 3.04 (2H, m), 3.87 (3H, s), 4.27 to 4.34 (2H, m), 7.14 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.42 (1H, brs), 7.73 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.81 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz), 10.18 (1H, s), 10.62 (1H, s).

[0608] ESI-MS: 451.3 (M+H).sup.+, 473.6 (M+Na).sup.+, 900.9 (2M+H).sup.+, 923.1 (2M+Na).sup.+

EXAMPLE 50

[0609] A mixture of compound of formula (6b) (6.73 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 49, compound of formula (SGM-II-1) (11.50 g, 2.1 eq), prepared according to example 10, K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (4.40 g, 2.1 eq.) and anhydrous DMF (60 ml) was heated to 0 C. and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 8 days. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness, the residue was washed with MeOH (3 times with 15 ml each). The filtrates were combined and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:MeOH=15:1 to 7:1, (v/v)) to afford 7.64 g of compound of formula (55-1) as a white solid (81% yield).

[0610] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 1.21 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 1.25 to 1.40 (13H, m), 1.59 to 1.74 (2H, m), 1.78 (3H, s), 1.87 (3H, s), 2.99 to 3.04 (2H, m), 3.08 to 3.12 (2H, m), 3.50 (2H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 3.75 to 3.77 (5H, m), 4.09 (2H, t, J=4.6 Hz), 4.24 to 4.34 (2H, m), 6.74 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 7.28 (1H, dd, J.sub.1=8.6 Hz, J.sub.2=1.6 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J=1.6 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 7.81 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 8.08 to 8.13 (2H, m), 10.14 (1H, s).

[0611] ESI-MS: 638.2 (M+H).sup.+, 660.4 (M+Na).sup.+, 1275.0 (2M+H).sup.+, 538.4 (M.sup.tBuOCO+2H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 51

[0612] Compound of formula (55-1) (7.60 g), prepared according to example 50, was suspended in 10% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (50 ml), the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 6.72 g of compound of formula (55) as HCl salt, being a white solid (98% yield).

[0613] ESI-MS: 538.5 (M+H).sup.+, 1074.8 (2M+H).sup.+, 1097.0 (2M+Na).sup.+

EXAMPLE 52

[0614] To a mixture of compound of formula (55) as HCl salt (6.00 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 51, and anhydrous THF (50 mL) at 0 C. was added a solution of DIBAL-H in hexanes (1M, 63.0 ml, 6.0 eq). The resulting mixture was then heated to 0 C. and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 6 hours. Then methanol (10 mL) was added. After that, saturated potassium sodium tartarate (150 ml) aqueous solution was added to the mixture and the mixture was stirred at RT for 15 hours. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness to generate a white residue which was further washed with methanol (3 times with 50 ml each). The filtrates were combined then concentrated, and purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM:Methanol:Et.sub.3N=75:25:2 (v/v)) to afford 3.27 g of compound of formula (45) as a white solid (61% yield).

[0615] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 1.22 (3H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 1.27 to 1.41 (4H, m), 1.62 to 1.78 (2H, m), 1.79 (3H, s), 1.88 (3H, s), 2.68 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 2.99 to 3.03 (2H, m), 3.46 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 3.73 (2H, t, J=4.4 Hz), 4.04 (2H, t, J=4.4 Hz), 4.21 to 4.38 (2H, m), 4.45 (2H, s), 5.36 (1H, s), 7.22 to 7.28 (2H, m), 7.40 (1H, s), 8.00 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 8.16 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 8.27 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 10.05 (1H, s).

[0616] ESI-MS: 510.5 (M+H).sup.+, 1019.6 (2M+H).sup.+, 492.6 (MOH.sup.).sup.+

EXAMPLE 53

[0617] To a mixture of compound of formula (45) (1.20 g, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 52, compound of formula (CG1MR-IV-I) (0.69 g, 1.1 eq), prepared according to example 8, and DMF (25 ml) at RT, DIPEA (0.34 g, 1.1 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hours. Then the DMF was removed under vacuum to afford a slightly yellow residue which was then mixed with acetone (50 ml) and stirred at RT for 1 hour. The mixture was filtered, the cake was washed with acetone (2 times with 10 ml each), then dried under vacuum to afford 1.12 g of compound of formula (35) (72% yield).

[0618] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 1.20 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 1.24 to 1.40 (4H, m), 1.58 to 1.75 (2H, m), 1.78 (3H, s), 1.87 (3H, s), 2.33 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.98 to 3.03 (2H, m), 3.16 to 3.21 (2H, m), 3.46 (2H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 3.60 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.72 to 3.75 (2H, m), 4.04 (2H, t, J=4.4 Hz), 4.24 to 4.36 (2H, m), 4.44 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.86 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.16 to 7.18 (11-1, m), 7.26 to 7.28 (1H, m), 7.34 (1H, d, J=1.4 Hz), 7.80 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 7.99 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 8.03 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 8.10 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 9.79 (1H, s).

[0619] ESI-MS: 661.5 (M+H).sup.+, 643.6 (MOH.sup.).sup.+

EXAMPLE 54

[0620] A mixture of compound of formula (35) (400.0 mg, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 53, 4 angstrom molecular sieves (800.0 mg), anhydrous DMF (4.0 ml) and compound of formula (II-1) (373.0 mg, 2.0 eq) was stirred at RT for 5 min. Then DIPEA (313.5 mg, 4.0 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 5 hours. Then compound of formula (DOXO) as HCl salt (328.0 mg, 0.9 eq) was added and the mixture was then stirred for 4 hours. Then MeCN (20 ml) was added. A precipitate had formed and was filtered and washed with a mixture of MeCN and DMF (5:1 (v/v), 2 times with 10 ml each). The filtrate was combined and dried under vacuum at 45 C. to get a hard residue. The residue was dissolved in the mixture of DCM and MeOH (7:1, v/v, 5 ml) and purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=7:1, (v/v), Rf=0.15). The product was extracted from the silica gel by a mixture of acetone and water (20:1, v/v, 10 times with 20 ml each). The combined extraction solutions were dried under vacuum to afford the crude product as a red solid. The cured product was then mixed with acetonitrile (10 ml), the mixture was stirred at RT for 0.5 hour and then filtered. The cake was washed with acetonitrile (5 ml) then dried under vacuum at RT to afford 100.7 mg of compound of formula (25) as a red solid (13% yield).

[0621] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d, 20 C.) 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.20 (3H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 1.24 to 1.38 (4H, m), 1.48 to 1.51 (1H, m), 1.59 to 1.73 (2H, m), 1.77 (3H, s), 1.82 to 1.86 (4H, m), 2.12 to 2.23 (2H, m), 2.29 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.89 to 3.02 (4H, m), 3.11 to 3.15 (2H, m), 3.41 (2H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 3.46 (1H, brs), 3.54 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.68 to 3.76 (3H, m), 3.98 (3H, s), 4.03 (2H, brs), 4.14 to 4.18 (1H, m), 4.22 to 4.34 (2H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 4.70 (1H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 4.85 to 4.92 (4H, m), 5.22 (1H, brs), 5.46 (1H, s), 6.81 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.95 (2H, s), 7.14 to 7.20 (2H, m), 7.39 (1H, s), 7.61 to 7.64 (1H, m), 7.82 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 7.88 to 7.91 (2H, m), 7.98 to 8.03 (2H, m), 8.12 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 9.89 (1H, s), 13.24 (1H, s), 14.00 (1H, s).

[0622] ESI-MS: 1252.1 (M+Na).sup.+

EXAMPLE 55

[0623] Compound of formula (6-1) as HCl salt (22.81 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 6, 2-[2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid (8.00 g, 0.9 eq.), purchased from Aldrich, TBTU (24.00 g, 1.5 eq), and DIPEA (16.00 g,) were dissolved in DMF (100 ml). The resulting solution was stirred at RT for 20 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, the residue was then purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH=10:1 to 7:1 (v/v)) to afford 12.02 g of compound of formula (6c) as a slightly yellow solid (41% yield).

[0624] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.86 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=24.4 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.37 (9H, s), 1.39 to 1.52 (2H, m), 1.56 to 1.75 (4H, m), 1.97 to 2.06 (1H, m), 2.91 to 3.07 (4H, m), 3.19 to 3.22 (2H, m), 3.42 to 3.47 (2H, m), 3.52 to 3.64 (6H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.95 (2H, brs), 4.30 to 4.34 (1H, m), 4.36 to 4.41 (1H, m), 4.53 (2H, s), 5.43 (2H, s), 6.01 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.78 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 7.34 to 7.40 (2H, m), 7.45 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.04 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 8.38 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.36 (1H, s).

[0625] ESI-MS: 584.7 (M+H).sup.+, 1167.2 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 56

[0626] A mixture of compound of formula (6c) (8.01 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 55, compound of formula (SGM-III-2) (6.89 g, 2.0 eq.), prepared according to example 24, K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (3.80 g, 2.0 eq.), and anhydrous DMF (60 ml) was heated to 50 C. and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 7 days. Then the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum. Dichloromethane (15 ml) was added to the residue, the resulting mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH=7:1 (v/v)) to afford 5.52 g of compound of formula (56-1) as a slightly yellow solid (50% yield).

[0627] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) 0.86 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=24.4 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.37 (9H, s), 1.39 to 1.52 (2H, m), 1.56 to 1.75 (4H, m), 1.97 to 2.06 (1H, m), 2.91 to 3.07 (4H, m), 3.19 to 3.22 (2H, m), 3.42 to 3.47 (2H, m), 3.52 to 3.64 (6H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 3.95 (2H, brs), 4.30 to 4.34 (11H, m), 4.36 to 4.41 (1H, m), 4.53 (2H, s), 5.43 (2H, s), 6.01 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.78 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 7.34 to 7.40 (2H, m), 7.45 (1, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.79 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.04 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 8.38 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.36 (1H, s).

[0628] ESI-MS: 698.7 (M.sup.tBuOCO+2H).sup.+, 798.3 (M+H).sup.+, 820.7 (M+Na).sup.+, 1595.7 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 57

[0629] Compound of formula of (56-1), prepared according to example 56, was suspended in 10% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (60 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 8 hours then concentrated to afford 4.99 g of compound of formula (56) as a white solid (quantitative yield).

[0630] ESI-MS: 698.4 (M+H).sup.+, 1394.6 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 58

[0631] A mixture of compound of formula (56) as HCl salt (4.91 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 57, water (45 ml), CaCl.sub.2 (1.49 g, 2.0 eq.) and NaBH.sub.4 (1.02 g, 4.0 eq.) was stirred at RT. Further amount of NaBH.sub.4 was added portionwise (1.02 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 2.5 hours of stirring; 1.01 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 4 hours of stirring; 1.03 g, 4.0 eq. after a total of 6 hours of stirring). After a total of 22 hours of stirring, MeOH (20 ml) was added to the mixture. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the wet cake was washed with MeOH (3 times with 15 ml each). The filtrate was collected and combined and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH:Et.sub.3N=80:20:2.5 (v/v)) to afford 1.12 g of compound of formula (46) as a slightly yellow solid (25% yield).

[0632] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) 0.86 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=22.8 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.32 to 1.48 (4H, m), 1.51 to 1.73 (4H, m), 1.96 to 2.06 (1H, m), 2.58 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 2.91 to 3.06 (2H, m), 3.16 to 3.21 (2H, m), 3.22 (3H, s), 3.52 to 3.64 (8H, m), 3.95 (2H, brs), 4.29 to 4.33 (1H, m), 4.36 to 4.41 (2H, m), 4.46 (2H, s), 4.51 (2H, s), 5.44 (2H, s), 6.10 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.22 to 7.27 (3H, m), 7.48 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 8.19 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 8.34 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 10.05 (1H, s).

[0633] ESI-MS: 652.4 (MOH.sup.).sup.+, 670.4 (M+H).sup.+, 1338.7 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 59

[0634] To a mixture of compound of formula (46) (250.7 mg, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 58, compound of formula (CG1MR-IV-1) (103.1 g, 1.1 eq), prepared according to example 8, and DMF (4 ml) at RT, DIPEA (53.6 mg, 1.1 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hour. Then the DMF was removed under vacuum to afford a slightly yellow residue which was then mixed with acetone (5 ml) and stirred at RT for 1 hour. The mixture was filtered, the cake was washed with acetone (3 times with 3 ml each), then dried under vacuum to afford 253.7 g of compound of formula (36) (83% yield).

[0635] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.85 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=23.0 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.36 to 1.54 (41-1, m), 1.58 to 1.72 (2H, m), 1.97 to 2.05 (1H, m), 2.32 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.92 to 3.05 (4H, m), 3.08 to 3.13 (2H, m), 3.22 (3H, s), 3.44 (2H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 3.52 to 3.62 (8H, m), 3.95 (2H, s), 4.29 to 4.33 (1H, m), 4.35 to 4.40 (1H, m), 4.46 (2H, s), 4.52 (2H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 5.08 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 5.42 (2H, s), 6.01 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 6.99 (2H, s), 7.20 to 7.27 (3H, m), 7.46 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.95 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 8.05 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 8.31 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 10.00 (1H, s).

[0636] ESI-MS: 803.4 (MOH.sup.).sup.+, 821.1 (M+H).sup.+, 1641.1 (2M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 60

[0637] A mixture of compound of formula (36) (201.3 mg, 1.0 eq), prepared according to example 59, 4 angstrom molecular sieves (400.0 mg), anhydrous DMF (4.0 ml) and compound of formula (II-1) (146.9 mg, 2.0 eq) was stirred at RT for 10 min. Then DIPEA (105.7 mg, 3.3 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 4.5 hours. Then compound of formula (DOXO) as HCl salt (142.1 mg, 1.0 eq) was added and the mixture was then stirred for 2.5 hours. Then MeCN (20 ml) was added. A precipitate had formed and was filtered and washed with a mixture of MeCN and DMF (5:1 (v/v), 4 times with 4 ml each). The filtrate was combined and dried under vacuum at 45 C. to get a hard residue. The residue was dissolved in the mixture of DCM and MeOH (7:1, v/v, 3 ml) and purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=7:1, (v/v), Rf=0.3). The product was extracted from the silica gel by a mixture of acetone and water (10:1, v/v, 6 times with 10 ml each). The combined extraction solutions were dried under vacuum to afford the crude product as a red solid. The cured product was then mixed with acetonitrile (5 ml), the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hour and then filtered. The cake was washed with acetonitrile (2 times with 2 ml each) then dried under vacuum at RT to afford 33.2 mg of compound of formula (26) as a red solid (10% yield).

[0638] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.84 (6H, dd, J.sub.1=23.2 Hz, J.sub.2=6.8 Hz), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.30 to 1.70 (7H, m), 1.82 to 1.87 (4H, m), 1.97 to 2.04 (1H, m), 2.08 to 2.22 (2H, m), 2.28 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.91 to 3.09 (8H, m), 3.22 (3H, s), 3.42 to 3.46 (3H, m), 3.52 to 3.61 (8H, m), 3.70 to 3.76 (1H, m), 3.95 (2H, s), 3.99 (3H, s), 4.13 to 4.18 (2H, m), 4.28 to 4.32 (1H, m), 4.34 to 4.41 (3H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.70 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 4.85 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 4.94 (1H, brs), 5.03 (2H, s), 5.22 (1H, brs), 5.41 (2H, s), 5.46 (1H, brs), 5.99 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 6.86 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 6.97 (2H, s), 7.19-7.24 (3H, m), 7.44 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.65 (1H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 7.85 to 7.91 (4H, m), 8.30 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 10.04 (1H, s), 13.26 (1H, s), 14.02 (1H, s).

[0639] ESI-MS: 1390.2 (M+H).sup.+

EXAMPLE 61

[0640] A mixture of compound of formula (TAXO) (200.0 mg, 1.0 eq), 4 angstrom molecular sieves (100.0 mg), anhydrous DCM (4.0 ml) and compound of formula (II-1) (146.9 mg, 2.0 eq) at 0 C. was stirred for 10 min. To the mixture was then added pyridine (28.1 mg, 1.5 eq). The resulting mixture was further stirred for 41 hours at 0 C. under N.sub.2. To the mixture was then added N,N-Dimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine (102.0 mg, 5.0 eq.) at 0 C. under N.sub.2. After stirred for 2 hours, the mixture was filtered. The cake was washed with dichloromethane (1 mL). The filtrate was combined then evaporated to dryness to give yellow residue. The residue was further purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=7:1, (v/v)) to afford 220.0 mg of compound of formula (TAXO-t1-1) as a slightly yellow solid in 96% isolated yield.

[0641] ESI-MS: 968.5 (M+Na).sup.+

EXAMPLE 62

[0642] A mixture of compound of formula (31) (252.0 mg, 1.2 eq), prepared according to example 21, compound of formula (II-1) (136.0 mg, 1.8 eq), 4 angstrom molecular sieves (100.0 mg) and anhydrous DMF (1 ml) was stirred at RT for 10 min. Then DIPEA (80.1 mg, 2.5 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours at RT. Then compound of formula (XXXX), prepared according to example 61, was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours. The resulting suspension was filtered; the cake was further washed with DCM (3 times with 10 ml each). The filtrate was combined then evaporated to dryness at 35 C. The resulting residue was mixed with DCM (30 ml) and stirred for 0.5 hour. The resulting suspension was filtered, the cake was further washed with DCM (2 times with 5 ml each). The filtrate was dried under vacuum at RT. The crude product was dissolved in the mixed solvent of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2-MeOH (8:1, (v/v)) and further purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=8:1, (v/v)). The product was extracted from the silica-gel by a mixture of THF-water (20:1 (v/v), 6 times with 30 ml each), dried under vacuum to afford the crude product as a white solid. The crude product was then mixed with Et.sub.2O (5 ml), stirred at 25 C. for 0.5 hour then filtered. The cake was washed with Et.sub.2O (3 times with 5 ml each) then dried under vacuum at RT to afford 100.0 mg of compound of formula (21-TAXO-t1-1) as a white solid in 21% isolated yield.

[0643] ESI-MS: 1842.1 (M+H).sup.+, 1864.5 (M+Na).sup.+

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

[0644] T a mixture of Boc-Cit-OH (1.00 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to example 2, EEDQ (1.35 g, 1.5 eq.) and THF (15 ml), p-amino benzoic acid methyl ester (0.82 g, 1.5 eq.) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 14 hours. Then the solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent PE:EtOAc=6:1 (v/v) then DCM:MeOH=10:1 (v/v)) to afford 1.2 g of compound of formula (Comp-6-4) as a white solid (81% yield).

##STR00073##

[0645] Analysis by silica gel TLC:eluent EtOAc (Rf=0.35, UV254)

[0646] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl.sub.3, 20 C.) delta 1.28 to 1.45 (11H, m), 1.55 to 1.65 (2H, m), 2.91 to 3.08 (2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 4.09 to 4.14 (1H, m), 5.43 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.10 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 7.75 to 7.77 (2H, m), 7.91 to 7.93 (2H, m), 10.32 (1H, s).

[0647] ESI-MS: 309.3 (MtBuOCO+2H)+, 409.2 (M+H)+, 817.1 (2M+H)+

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

[0648] A mixture of compound of formula (Comp-6-4) (1.66 g), prepared according to comparative example 1, and of a solution of 15% (w/w) HCl in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml) was stirred at RT for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 1.38 g of compound of formula (Comp-6-3) as HCl salt, being a white solid (98% yield).

##STR00074##

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3

[0649] To a mixture of compound of formula (Comp-6-3) as HCl salt (14.50 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to comparative example 2, Boc-L-Val (10.05 g, 1.1 eq.), TBTU (27.00 g, 2.0 eq.) and DMF (80 ml) was added DIPEA (16.31 g, 3.0 eq.). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hours. Then the mixture was diluted with water (120 ml), and then extracted with EtOAc (5 times with 100 ml each), the organic phases were combined and evaporated to dryness, the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH=20:1 to 10:1 to 7:1 (v/v)) to afford 12.9 g of compound of formula (Comp-6-2) as a solid (60% yield).

##STR00075##

[0650] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.85 (6H, dd, J1=17.4 Hz, J2=6.6 Hz), 1.39 (9H, s), 1.43 to 1.50 (2H, m), 1.57 to 1.76 (2H, m), 1.91 to 1.97 (1H, m), 2.91 to 3.09 (2H, m), 3.83 (3H, s), 3.85 to 3.88 (1H, m), 4.43 to 4.48 (1H, m), 5.43 (2H, s), 5.99 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.73 to 7.76 (2H, m), 7.90 to 7.94 (2H, m), 8.07 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 10.39 (1H, s).

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4

[0651] A mixture of compound of formula (Comp-6-2) (12.3 g), prepared according to comparative example 3, and of a solution of 10% (w/w) HCl in dioxane (60 ml) was stirred at RT for 3 hours. The mixture was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 10.9 g of compound of formula (Comp-6-1) as HCl salt, being a white solid (quantitative yield).

##STR00076##

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5

[0652] To a mixture of compound of formula (Comp-6-1) as HCl salt (10.20 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to comparative example 4, and anhydrous THF (150 ml) at 20 C. was added a solution of DIBAL-H in hexanes (1 M, 120.0 ml, 6.2 eq.). The mixture was warmed to RT and stirred for 14 hours. Then MeOH (20 ml) was added, followed by a saturated aqueous potassium sodium tartrate solution (180 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT. The resulting mixture was evaporated to dryness to afford a white residue which was washed with MeOH (5 times with 50 ml each). The eluents were combined, concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent DCM:MeOH=10:1 to 7:1 to 5:1 (v/v)) to afford 5.10 g or compound of formula (Comp-10) as a white solid (58% yield).

##STR00077##

[0653] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.89 (6H, dd, J1=24.0 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.33 to 1.50 (2H, m), 1.56 to 1.77 (2H, m), 1.96 to 2.04 (1H, m), 2.92 to 3.07 (2H, m), 3.30 (1H, d, J=5.2 Hz), 4.12 (2H, brs), 4.43 (2H, s), 4.47 to 4.52 (1H, m), 5.12 (1H, brs), 5.50 (2H, s), 6.10 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.24 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.54 to 7.57 (2H, m), 8.37 (1H, d, J=5.8 Hz), 10.11 (1H, s).

[0654] ESI-MS: 380.4 (M+H)+, 759.2 (2M+H)+

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6

[0655] To a mixture of compound of formula (Comp-10) (1.02 g, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to comparative example 5, compound of formula (CG1MR-IV-2) (0.92 g, 1.1 eq.)

##STR00078##

and DMF (15 ml) at RT was added DIPEA (0.39 g, 1.1 eq.). The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hours. Then the DMF was removed under vacuum to afford a slightly yellow residue. The residue was then mixed with acetone (20 ml) and the mixture was then stirred at RT for 5 hours. The mixture was filtered, the wet cake was washed with acetone (2 times with 10 ml each) and then dried under vacuum to afford 1.05 g of compound of formula (Comp-11) as a slightly yellow solid (67% yield).

##STR00079##

[0656] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.84 (6H, dd, J1=12.2 Hz, J2=6.6 Hz), 1.17 to 1.31 (2H, m), 1.37 to 1.75 (8H, m), 1.95 to 2.00 (1H, m), 2.11 to 2.21 (2H, m), 2.92 to 3.06 (2H, m), 3.38 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.18 to 4.22 (1H, m), 4.38 to 4.39 (1H, m), 4.43 (2H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 5.09 (1H, t, J=5.2 Hz), 5.41 (2H, s), 5.98 (1H, t, J=5.6 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.23 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.55 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.81 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz), 9.90 (1H, s).

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7

[0657] A mixture of compound of formula (Comp-11) (350.0 mg, 1.0 eq.), prepared according to comparative example 6, DIPEA (307.0 mg, 3.9 eq.), 500.0 mg 4 angstrom molecular sieves and anhydrous DMF (5.0 ml) was stirred for 25 min. Then compound of formula (II-1) (280.0 mg, 1.5 eq.) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hours. Then compound of formula (DOXO) as HCl salt (368.8 mg, 1.0 eq.) was added and then the mixture was stirred for 12 hours. Then MeCN (25.0 ml) was added to the reaction mixture. A precipitate had formed and was filtered and washed with a mixture of MeCN and DMF (5:1 (v/v), 3 times with 5 ml each). The filtrates were combined and dried under vacuum at 45 C. to afford a dark red residue. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of DCM and MeOH (7:1 (v/v)) and purified by preparative silica gel TLC (DCM:MeOH=7:1 (v/v), Rf=0.15). The product was extracted from the silica gel by a mixture of acetone and water (20:1 (v/v), 10 times with 50 ml each), the combined extracts were dried under vacuum to afford the crude product as a red solid. The crude product was then mixed with acetonitrile (20 ml), the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours then filtered. The cake was mixed with acetonitrile (10 ml) and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at RT. The mixture was then filtered. The cake was dried under vacuum at RT to afford 61.0 mg of compound of formula (Comp-12) as a red solid (8.7% yield);

in formula (Comp-12) doxorubicin is the compound of formula (DOXO), which is connected via the amino group denoted with (d1) in formula (Comp-12) and in formula (DOXO).

##STR00080##

[0658] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6, 20 C.) delta 0.85 (6H, dd, J1=12.0 Hz, J2=6.8 Hz), 1.12 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 1.16 to 1.22 (2H, m), 1.31 to 1.50 (7H, m), 1.54 to 1.71 (2H, m), 1.82 to 1.88 (1-, m), 1.91 to 2.01 (1H, m), 2.10 to 2.22 (4H, m), 2.89 to 3.03 (4H, m), 3.38 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.44 (1H, m), 3.71 to 3.75 (1H, m), 3.99 (3H, s), 4.16 to 4.20 (2H, m), 4.33 to 4.39 (1H, m), 4.58 (2H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.71 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.86 (1H, t, J=6.0 Hz), 4.89 (2H, s), 4.95 (1H, brs), 5.22 (1H, d, J=2.8 Hz), 5.40 (2H, s), 5.47 (1H, s), 5.99 (1H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 6.84 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.24 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.55 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.66 (1H, t, J=4.8 Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.92 (2H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz), 9.97 (1H, s), 13.28 (1H, s), 14.04 (1H, s).

[0659] ESI-MS: 1141.7 (M+H)+

EXAMPLE 100

General Method Description for the Preparation of Compounds of Formula (I) Given in Table 1:

[0660] To a 10 mM aqueous solution of N-acetyl-cysteine (2500 l, 5 eq.) was added a 10 mM solution of the respective compound of formula (II) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (500 l). The pH was adjusted to 7.5 with a 0.3 M sodium hydrogen phosphate solution, and the reaction mixture stirred for 2 h at 20 C. The resulting respective solution of compound of formula (I) was used/tested without further purification.

[0661] Details are given in Table (1)

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example Compound of formula (II) Compound of formula (I) 100-1 Compound of formula (Comp-12), Compound of formula prepared according to comparative (Comp-13) example 7 100-2 Compound of formula (23), Compound of formula (13) prepared according to example 36 100-3 Compound of formula (20), Compound of formula (10) prepared according to example 15 100-4 Compound of formula (21), Compound of formula (11) prepared according to example 22 100-5 Compound of formula (22), Compound of formula (12) prepared according to example 29 100-6 Compound of formula (25), Compound of formula (15) prepared according to example 54 100-7 Compound of formula (26), Compound of formula (16) prepared according to example 60 100-8 Compound of formula (24), Compound of formula (14) prepared according to example 44 [00081]

Method RP-HPLC

[0662] RP-HPLC analysis of the respective solution of compounds of formula (I), prepared according to example 100, was done with the following parameter:

[0663] Luna 5 u C18 2504.6 mm column (purchased form Phenomenex), solvent A: 0.1% (v/v) TFA in water, solvent B: 0.1% (v/v) TFA in acetonitrile, 100% solvent A for 10 min., gradient from 0 to 70% solvent B over next 70 min., and to 100% over next 3 min., 1 ml/min., detection at 254 nm.

[0664] RT=retention time

[0665] Values are given in Table 2

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 RT compound of formula (DOXO) 44.9 min. compound of formula (Comp-13) 54.5 min. compound of formula (13) 55.1 min. compound of formula (10) 51.2 min. compound of formula (11) 51.7 min. compound of formula (12) 50.7 min. compound of formula (15) 50.6 min. compound of formula (16) 52.2 min. compound of formula (14) 48.3 min.

Solubility Test

[0666] The respective solution of compound of formula (I) (15, 48 and 96 l respectively), prepared according to example 100 were mixed with water (135, 102 and 54 l respectively) to get a total of 150 l of the respective three diluted solutions. These three diluted solutions have a concentration of 1.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% of DMA respectively, the % being % by volume, based on the total volume of the water in the respective solutions. These diluted solutions were stirred for 1 h at 20 C. and then analysed by Method RP-HPLC.

[0667] The solubility of the compounds of formula (I) was assessed by comparison of the peak areas (relative to the most soluble conjugate, namely compound of formula (11), the peak area of which was set to 100%, denoted with (*ref) in Table 3), values are given in Table 3:

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 1.5% 5.0% 10.0% DMA DMA DMA Compound of formula (Comp-13) 8% 41% 77% Compound of formula (13) 17% 53% 82% Compound of formula (10) 15% 47% 84% Compound of formula (11) 19% 58% 100% (*ref) Compound of formula (12) 16% 49% 85% Compound of formula (15) 16% 45% 77% Compound of formula (16) 16% 47% 80% Compound of formula (14) 12% 36% 66%

[0668] The higher solubilities, especially at the more relevant low DMA concentration, of the compound of formula (I) compared to the reference linker compound of formula (Comp-13) provide two advantages: [0669] 1) A higher yield when compound of formula (I) is synthesized, thanks to reduced aggregation [0670] 2) Superior pharmacokinetic

Cathepsin B Release of Compound of Formula (DOXO)

[0671] Bovine spleen cathepsin B (SAFC C6286-10UN, 10 units) was dissolved in 1 ml of a pH 5.0 aqueous acetate buffer (25 mM acetate and 1 mM EDTA) to provide for a cathepsin B stock solution.

[0672] This cathepsin B stock solution (16 l) was mixed with a aqueous solution of 30 mM dithiothreitol and 15 mM EDTA (32 l) and the resulting solution was left to stand without stirring for 15 min. at 20 C. Then an aqueous solution of 25 mM acetate and 1 mM EDTA (1175 l), the respective solution of compound of formula (I) (142 l, prepared according to example 100), N,N-dimethylacetamide (53.7 l), and a 10 mM aqueous solution of daunorubicin as internal standard for assigning peaks based on retention time (157.7 l) were added. The resulting solution was incubated for 2 days at 37 C. Aliquots (100 l) were periodically removed as given in Table 4 and analysed undiluted by Method RP-HPLC. The relative percentage of released compound of formula (DOXO) relative to respective compound of formula (I) during the experiment are given in Table 4:

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 0 h 4 h 8 h 24 h 48 h Compound of <0.1% 18.0% 24.4% 32.2% 33.8% formula (13) Compound of <0.1% 15.8% 23.5% 35.5% 41.4% formula (10) Compound of <0.1% 6.4% 8.7% 13.5% 15.4% formula (11) Compound of <0.1% 3.0% 3.8% 5.3% 5.0% formula (12) Compound of <0.1% 1.3% 1.6% 2.3% 4.1% formula (15) Compound of <0.1% 0.6% 1.0% 2.0% 2.2% formula (16) Compound of <0.1% <0.1% 1.0% 1.7% 2.2% formula (14)

[0673] All compounds showed drug release in the presence of Cathepsin B.

Stability in Human Serum

[0674] To human serum (SAFC H4522, 950 l) was added the respective solution of compound of formula (I) (950 l, prepared according to example 100) and a 10 mM aqueous solution of daunorubicin as internal standard (100 l). The resulting solution was incubated at 37 C. for 7 days. Aliquots (100 l) were periodically removed as given in Table 4, diluted with 0 to 5 C. methanol (400 l), filtered, and the resulting filtrate analyzed by Method RP-HPLC. Released compound of formula (DOXO) was quantified relative to the daunorubicin (the internal standard), values are given in Table 5:

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 0 h 4 h 8 h 24 h 48 h 72 h Compound of formula (13) <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 4.4% 6.3% 6.9% Compound of formula (10) <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 2.4% 4.3% 4.3% Compound of formula (11) <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% Compound of formula (12) <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% Compound of formula (15) <0.1% <0.1% 0.2% 3.2% 5.2% 6.0% Compound of formula (16) <0.1% 1.3% 1.2% 1.9% 3.2% 1.6% Compound of formula (14) <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 1.1% 2.5% 2.6%

[0675] All branched linkers proved to have good stability.

EXAMPLE 101

[0676] A compound of formula (12-101), derived from compound of formula (22) and monoclonal anti-interleukin-1b antibody was prepared as follows: Monoclonal anti-interleukin-1b antibody produced in mouse (5 mg, Sigma article No 13642) was mixed in PBS (8.0 ml).

[0677] To an aliquot of this solution (3 ml) was added a 1.0 mM aqueous solution of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (25 l, 2.0 eq.) and the mixture was stirred for 90 min. at 20 C. A 1.0 mM solution of compound of formula (22), prepared according to example 29, in N,N-dimethylacetamide (64.4 l, 5.15 eq.) was added and the resulting mixture further stirred for 30 min at 20 C. A 1.0 mM aqueous solution of N-acetyl-cysteine (64.4 l, 5.15 eq.) was added and the resulting mixture further stirred for 36 min. at 20 C. to yield a so called conjugation mix. A NAP-25 column was rinsed with PBS (25 ml), loaded with the conjugation mix (2.5 ml) and eluted with PBS (5.0 ml). Fractions were collected and those that contained protein were pooled. The pooled protein solution, which comprised compound of formula (12-101), was analysed by Method SEC-HPLC (results are given in Table 6) and by Method HIC with the monoclonal anti-interleukin-1b antibody suspended in PBS.

EXAMPLE 102

[0678] A compound of formula (15-102), derived from compound of formula (25) and monoclonal anti-interleukin-1b antibody was prepared as follows:

[0679] Monoclonal anti-interleukin-1b antibody produced in mouse (5 mg, Sigma article No 13642, as used in example 101) was mixed in PBS (8.0 ml). To an aliquot of this solution (3 ml) was added a 1.0 mM aqueous solution of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (25 l, 2.0 eq.) and the mixture was stirred for 90 min. at 20 C. A 1.0 mM solution of compound of formula (25), prepared according to example 54, in N,N-dimethylacetamide (64.4 l, 5.15 eq.) was added and the mixture further stirred for 30 min. at 20 C. A 1.0 mM aqueous solution of N-acetyl-cysteine (64.4 l, 5.15 eq.) was added and the mixture further stirred for 42 min. at 20 C. to yield a so called conjugation mix. A NAP-25 column was rinsed with PBS (25 ml), loaded with the conjugation mix (2.5 ml) and eluted with PBS (5.0 ml). Fractions were collected and those that contained protein were pooled. The pooled protein solution, which comprised compound of formula (15-102), was analysed by Method SEC-HPLC (results are given in Table 6) and by Method HIC with the monoclonal anti-interleukin-1b antibody suspended in PBS.

Method SEC-HPLC

[0680] SEC-HPLC analysis of respective pooled protein solution was done with the following parameters:

[0681] TSK G3000SWXL 3007.8 mm column (Silica based column with mean pore size of 250 Angstrom and mean particle size of 5 micrometer, purchased from Tosoh Bioscience), eluent 10% (v/v) isopropanol in 0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer, 0.5 ml/min., detection at 280 nm. RT=retention time

[0682] The peak and therewith the retention time of the respective compound of formula (I) was identified by comparison with the unmodified Monoclonal anti-interleukin-1b antibody, which was used as substrate in the examples 101 and 102.

[0683] HMW=high molecular weight fraction, not assigned

[0684] LMW=low molecular weight fraction, not assigned

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 RT purity HMW LMW Monoclonal anti-interleukin- 15.5 min. 92.1% 7.6% 0.3% 1b antibody as used in examples 101 and 102 Compound of formula (12-101), 15.6 min. 92.4% 7.5% 0.1% prepared according to example 101 Compound of formula (15-102), 15.6 min. 91.5% 8.4% 0.1% prepared according to example 102

Method HIC

[0685] HIC analysis of respective pooled protein solution was done with the following parameters: TSK-gel Butyl-NPR 4.6 mm35 mm column (NPR means non-porous resin, polymethacrylate base material with mean particle size 2.5 micrometer, purchased from Tosoh Bioscience), solvent A: 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, solvent B: 25% (v/v) isopropanol in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, gradient from 100% solvent A to 100% solvent B over 12 min., 0.8 ml/min, detection at 280 nm.

[0686] FIG. 1 shows the obtained chromatogram.

[0687] Legend of FIG. 1: [0688] Continuous line The monoclonal anti-interleukin-1b antibody used in examples 101 and 102 [0689] Dashed line Compound of formula (12-101), prepared according to example 101 [0690] Dotted line Compound of formula (15-102), prepared according to example [0691] AU absorption unit