Method for the production of a molding

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a molded piece (compression molding, molded body) using a compression molding device. The use of special construction features for the compression molding device, such as a spring-loaded punch, an intermediate punch and clamps, allows the advantageous production of molded pieces.

Claims

1. A method for the production of a molding with a core using a compression molding apparatus comprising an upper punch and a lower punch which are arranged in the vertical direction of a die, characterized in that the method comprises at least one step comprising positioning intermediate punch between the upper punch and the die and/or at least one step comprising removing said intermediate punch from this position, wherein the intermediate punch has a pressing surface on its underside.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material, which the core consists of, is inserted into the die before it comes into contact with the intermediate punch, and/or the core material, when inserted into the die, consists of at least two particles which are not firmly connected to each other, for example, of powders, of granules, several crystals or micro-pellets, and/or the intermediate punch neither has a holdfast for the core material, nor transfers the core material from a holdfast into the die.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that only the lower punch has an at least two-part structure, comprising an inner punch and an outer punch, the outer punch surrounding the outer periphery of the inner punch, wherein both the inner punch and the outer punch can perform both shifting movements and compression steps.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sequence of the method comprises: A supply step 1 of an outer layer, with which molding material for a first part of the outer layer is supplied into a recess above the lower inner punch, which is enclosed by the lower outer punch; a core supply step, in which the molding material for the core is supplied into a recess above the molding material for the first part of the outer layer, which has been supplied in the preceding step, and enclosed by the lower outer punch; a pressing step of the outer layer and the core, in which the molding material for the first part of the outer layer and the molding material for the core supplied in the preceding steps, are compression-molded; a supply step 2 of the outer layer, in which a molding material for a second part of the outer layer is supplied into a recess of a die above and/or around the first outer layer and the core, which have been formed in the preceding step, a complete pressing step, in which the first part of the outer layer, the core and the molding material for the second part of the outer layer, which has been supplied in the previous step are compression-molded; and a step of removing the compression-molded molding, which is carried out after the complete pressing step, and wherein at least during one pressing step, said intermediate punch is positioned between the upper punch and the die.

5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises, between the supplying step 1 and the core supply step, at least one pressing step of the outer layer, in which the molding material for the first part of the outer layer is compression-molded.

6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sequence of the method comprises: a supply step 1 of an outer layer, with which molding material for a first part of the outer layer is supplied into a recess above the lower punch; a pressing step of the outer layer, with which a trough-shaped recess is compression-molded into the first part of the outer layer; a core supply step with which the molding material for the core is supplied into the trough-shaped recess of the first part of the outer layer; a supply step 2 of the outer layer, with which molding material for a second part of the outer layer is supplied into the die above the first part of the outer layer and the core, a whole complete pressing step, with which the first part of the outer layer, the core and the molding material for the second part of the outer layer, which has been supplied in the previous step, are compression-molded; and a step of removing the compression-molded molding, which is carried out after the complete pressing step, and wherein at least with one pressing step, said intermediate punch is positioned between the upper punch and the die.

7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that a pressing step of the outer layer and the core, with which at least the molding material for the core supplied with the preceding step is pressed, is inserted between the core supply step and the supply step 2 of the outer layer.

8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that only the lower punch has a three-part structure consisting of an inner punch, an outer punch and an outermost punch, the outer punch surrounding the outer edge of the inner punch and the outermost punch surrounding the outer edge of the outer punch, wherein the inner punch, the outer punch and the outermost punch can perform both shifting movements and compression steps.

9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the sequence of the method comprises: a supply step 1 of an outer layer, with which the molding material for a first part of the outer layer is supplied in a recess above the lower inner punch, which is enclosed by the lower outer punch; a core supply step, in which the molding material for the core is supplied into a recess above the molding material for the first part of the outer layer, which has been supplied in the previous step, and enclosed by the lower outer punch; a pressing step of the outer layer and the core, in which the molding material for the first part of the outer layer and the molding material for the core supplied in the preceding steps, are compression-molded; a supply step 2 of the outer layer, in which a molding material for a second part of the outer layer is supplied into a recess above and if applicable laterally of the molding material, which has been supplied in the preceding steps, enclosed by the lower outermost punch: a pressing step in which the first outer layer, the core and the molding material for the second outer layer, which have been supplied in the preceding step are compression-molded; a supply-step 3 of an outermost layer, in which a molding material for the outermost layer is supplied into a recess above and if applicable laterally of the molding material that has been supplied and pressed in the preceding steps; a lowering step in which the lower inner punch and the lower outer punch are lowered; a complete pressing step, in which the outermost layer, the outer layer and the core material are compression-molded; and a step of removing the compression-molded molding, which is carried out after the complete pressing step, and wherein at least with one pressing step, said intermediate punch is positioned between the upper punch and the die.

10. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that with the pressing steps of the first part of the outer layer and the core the intermediate punch is moved downwards by the upper punch.

11. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper punch moves in a circular path around an axis and that the intermediate punch is positioned between the upper punch and the die over a partial circle of the circular path of the upper punch.

12. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more intermediate punches are mounted in a fixture that is arranged rotatable around an axis which is parallel to a main axis of the molding apparatus.

13. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression molding apparatus comprises a die table, an upper punch guide, a lower punch guide and a mounting of the intermediate punch and that the mounting of the intermediate punch is fixed to the die table, the upper punch guide, the lower punch guide or a part of the compression molding apparatus which is moving synchronously with those.

14. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression molding apparatus comprises a die or a die insert with a tubular insert, the tubular insert being vertically shiftable with respect to the die or the die insert.

15. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the vertical movement of the tubular insert with respect to the die or the die insert is limited by one or more limit stops and/or by requiring a certain minimum force upon it in order to be moved.

16. A compression molding apparatus comprising an upper punch and a lower punch which are arranged in the vertical direction of a die, characterized in that the compression molding apparatus comprises an intermediate punch, and a device with which the intermediate punch can be positioned between the upper punch and the die, wherein the intermediate punch has a pressing surface on its underside.

17. A compression molding apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the intermediate punch can be removed from the position between the upper punch and the die by using a device.

18. A compression molding apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the intermediate punch has no holdfast at its underside.

19. A compression molding apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the compression molding apparatus comprises a die or a die insert with a tubular insert, the tubular insert being vertically shiftable with respect to the die or the die insert.

20. A compression molding apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the vertical movement of the tubular insert with respect to the die or the die insert is limited by one or more limit stops and/or by requiring a certain minimum force upon it in order to be moved.

Description

(1) The drawings show various embodiments of the invention.

(2) FIG. 1 shows the setting with the first filling step.

(3) FIG. 3 shows, in addition, the filled shell material.

(4) FIG. 5 shows the setting with the first pressing step.

(5) FIG. 7 shows, in addition, the partial molding.

(6) FIG. 2 shows the setting with the second filling step.

(7) FIG. 4 shows, in addition, the filled core material.

(8) FIG. 9 shows the setting with the second pressing step.

(9) FIG. 11 shows, in addition, the partial molding.

(10) FIG. 10 shows the setting with the third filling step.

(11) FIG. 12 shows, in addition, the filled shell material.

(12) FIG. 13 shows the setting with the third pressing step.

(13) FIG. 14 shows, in addition, the molding.

(14) The drawings show in each case cross sections of bodies of rotation (for the production of circularly cylindrical moldings). Except from this is the lock-in mechanism inserted into the punch from sideways (Element 13 in FIG. 23).

(15) The springs illustrated can be implemented as plate springs, however, coil springs can be also used. The springs can be single springs running concentrically around the punch axis, as well as multiple spring elements distributed over the perimeter.

(16) If not directly named differently, 1 denotes the lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), 2 the upper punch, 3 the die, 4 the filling space, 5 the filled raw material or the molding or partial molding.

(17) The remaining contents of the drawings are described in the text.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(18) FIG. 1 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3), and a filling space (4) in a setting with the first filling step of an embodiment.

(19) FIG. 2 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3), and a filling space (4) in a setting with the second filling step of an embodiment.

(20) FIG. 3 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3), and filled shell material (5) in a setting with the first filling step of an embodiment.

(21) FIG. 4 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3), and shell and core material (5) in a setting with the second filling step of an embodiment.

(22) FIG. 5 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), and a die (3) in a setting with the first pressing step of an embodiment.

(23) FIG. 6 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3) and a filling space (4) in a setting after the second pressing step of an embodiment.

(24) FIG. 7 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3), and filled shell material (5) in a setting with the first pressing step of an embodiment.

(25) FIG. 8 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3) and shell and core material (5) in a setting after the second pressing step of an embodiment.

(26) FIG. 9 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), and a die (3) in a setting with the second pressing step of an embodiment.

(27) FIG. 10 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3), and a filling space (4) in a setting with the third filling step of an embodiment.

(28) FIG. 11 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3) and shell and core material (5) in a setting with the second pressing step of an embodiment.

(29) FIG. 12 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3), and shell and core material (5) in a setting with the third filling step of an embodiment.

(30) FIG. 13 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3) and a filling space (4) in a setting with the third pressing step of an embodiment.

(31) FIG. 14 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch), an upper punch (2), a die (3) and shell and core material (5) in a setting with the third pressing step of an embodiment.

(32) FIG. 15 depicts the same as FIG. 2, but with spring suspension (6) integrated into the outer punch.

(33) FIG. 16 depicts the same as FIG. 9, but with spring suspension (6) integrated into the outer punch.

(34) FIG. 17 depicts the same as FIG. 3, but with spring suspension (6) integrated into the outer punch.

(35) FIG. 18 depicts the same as FIG. 5, but with spring suspension (6) integrated into the outer punch.

(36) FIG. 19 depicts the same as FIG. 15, but with a limit stop (8) and a limit stop (10).

(37) FIG. 20 depicts the same as FIG. 15, but with a limit stop (10).

(38) FIG. 21 depicts the same as FIG. 15, but with a limit stop (11).

(39) FIG. 22 depicts the same as FIG. 20, but with a limit stop (11) and a limit stop (9).

(40) FIG. 23 depicts the same as FIG. 21, but with a lock-in mechanism (13).

(41) FIG. 24 depicts the same as FIG. 22, but with a spring-loaded limit-stop (7).

(42) FIG. 25 depicts the same as FIG. 15, but with the spring suspension (12) of the outer punch being mounted with respect to the inner punch.

(43) FIG. 26 depicts the same as FIG. 24, but with the spring suspension of the outer punch being mounted with respect to the inner punch.

(44) FIG. 27 depicts a lower punch (1A inner punch, 1B outer punch with an integrated cog ring (16, see corresponding reference in FIG. 32), a pressure sleeve (17, see corresponding reference in FIG. 33) and a lower part of the inner punch (1A3, see corresponding reference in FIG. 29)), a spring suspension (see FIG. 25, reference 12) of the outer punch being mounted with respect to the inner punch, a die (3), and a filling space (4).

(45) FIG. 28 depicts a lower punch (upper part of the inner punch (1A1, see corresponding reference in FIG. 29), 1B outer punch with an integrated cog ring (16, see corresponding reference in FIG. 32), a pressure sleeve (17, see corresponding reference in FIG. 33) an middle part of the inner punch (1A2, see corresponding reference in FIG. 29) and a lower part of the inner punch (1A3, see corresponding reference in FIG. 29)), a spring suspension (see FIG. 25, reference 12) of the outer punch being mounted with respect to the inner punch, a spring-loaded limit-stop (see FIG. 24, reference 7), spring (see FIG. 29, reference 14) a die (3), two limit stops (see FIG. 29, reference 15 and FIG. 32, reference 15) and filled shell material (5).

(46) FIG. 29 depicts the same parts as FIG. 28 but with an upper punch (2) shown and the push-push mechanism in a different position

(47) FIG. 30 depicts the same parts as FIG. 28 but with addition of an intermediate punch (20), a holder (21) for the intermediate punch, and a spring suspension (22).

(48) FIG. 31 depicts the same parts as FIG. 30 but in a different setting (with the first pressing step).

(49) FIG. 32 depicts the same parts as FIG. 28 but in a different setting and with additional fill in material shown (5).

(50) FIG. 33 depicts the same parts as FIG. 32 but in a different setting and with an upper punch (2) shown.

(51) FIG. 34 depicts the same parts as FIG. 32 but in a different setting and with additional fill in material shown (5).

(52) FIG. 35 depicts the same parts as FIG. 34 but in a different setting and with an upper punch (2) shown.

(53) FIG. 36 depicts the same parts as FIG. 34 but in a different setting.

(54) FIG. 37 depicts an upper part of FIG. 25 but with the upper punch carried out as a multi-part punch with the outer upper punch being spring-loaded.

(55) FIG. 38 depicts an upper part of FIG. 26 but with the upper punch carried out as a multi-part punch with the inner upper punch being spring-loaded.

(56) FIG. 39 depicts an intermediate punch viewed from below and the side.

(57) FIG. 40 depicts detail views of an upper punch (left side) and an intermediate punch (right side) and a view of both together (lower side).

(58) FIG. 41 depicts detail views of an upper punch (left side) and an intermediate punch (right side) with a slot.

(59) FIG. 42 depicts detail views of an upper punch (left side) and an intermediate punch (right side) with a different slot.

(60) FIG. 43 depicts a cut-view of an upper punch with an intermediate punch.

(61) FIG. 44 depicts an intermediate punch.

(62) FIG. 45 depicts an upper punch with an intermediate punch.

(63) FIG. 46 depicts a die insert with a disc-shaped body (40), a tubular insert (43), a closing disc (44), brake elements (41), spring elements (39), one or more closing pieces (45), a spring suspension (46), and a further bore (42).

(64) FIGS. 47 to 53 depict a die, punches and fill-in materials with various steps of a method for the production of a molding.

(65) FIGS. 54 to 60 depict a die, punches, a tubular insert and fill-in materials with various steps of a method for the production of a molding.

(66) FIG. 61 depicts a vertical section through a compression molding apparatus for producing core moldings when the intermediate punch is retracted.

(67) FIG. 62 depicts a vertical section through the compression molding apparatus for producing core moldings with an intermediate punch arranged below the upper punch and pressed downwards by it.

(68) FIG. 63 depicts a principal horizontal cross section through the press with an embodiment with two intermediate punches and their holders, each.

(69) FIG. 64 depicts an embodiment of lock-in mechanisms with an outermost punch (St1), a tube (Ro2), a die (Ma), a spring (Fe1), a pretense spring (Fe2), a further disc (Sc1), a further tube Ro3, a punch shaft (Sh1), an outermost punch St1 and a further spring (Fe3).