Screw machine and method for operating the same

Abstract

A screw machine, in particular screw compressor, includes a machine housing, screw rotors forming a rotor pair which is mounted in the machine housing, an oil supply system via which bearings and seals of the screw rotors can be supplied with oil for lubricating and/or cooling, wherein the oil supply system has an oil supply and oil feeds, wherein the oil supply system includes a pressure sensor, which detects a pressure in the oil discharge or oil return or a pressure difference between the pressure in the oil discharge or oil return and a pressure in the oil feeds, the oil supply system furthermore includes a control device, which open-loop or closed-loop controls the pressure in the oil feed or the pressure difference dependent on the measurement signal of the pressure sensor.

Claims

1. A screw machine (10), comprising: a machine housing (11); a pair of screw rotors (14) mounted in the machine housing (11) and having bearings (16, 17) and seals (18); an oil supply system for supplying the bearings (16, 17) and seals (18) of the screw rotors (14) with oil for at least one of lubricating and cooling; the oil supply system comprising an oil supply (19), oil feeds (20) and an oil return (21), the oil feeds (20) and oil return (21) being common to all bearings (16, 17) and seals (18); the oil supply system further comprising a single pressure sensor (23) for detecting a pressure in the common oil return (21) or a pressure difference between a pressure in the common oil return (21) and a pressure in the oil feeds (20) and for generating a measurement signal; the oil supply system furthermore comprising a single valve (26) and associated control device (27) disposed in the oil supply (19) for open-loop or closed-loop controlling at least one of the pressure in the common oil feeds (20) and the pressure difference dependent on the measurement signal of the single pressure sensor (23).

2. The screw machine according to claim 1, additionally comprising an oil back feed (22) branching off the oil return (21) for feeding the oil, starting out from the oil return (21), to a working space (15) of the screw machine; and wherein the pressure sensor (23) is constructed to detect at least one of the pressure in the oil back (22) and the pressure difference that is dependent on the pressure in the oil back feed (22).

3. The screw machine according to claim 2, wherein the pressure sensor (23) is constructed to detect an actual pressure difference between a pressure in the common oil feeds (20) and a pressure in the common oil return (21), and wherein the control device (27) is constructed, dependent on a deviation between the actual pressure difference and a set point pressure difference, to generate a control input for the valve (26) in the oil supply (19) in order to closed-loop control the actual pressure difference to a set point pressure difference via the valve (26).

4. The screw machine according to claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor (23) is constructed to detect an actual pressure difference between a pressure in the common oil feeds (20) and a pressure in the common oil return (21); and wherein the control device (27) is constructed, dependent on a deviation between the actual pressure difference and a set point pressure difference, to generate a control input for the valve (26) in the oil supply (19) in order to closed-loop control the actual pressure difference to a set point pressure difference via the valve (26).

5. The screw machine of claim 4, wherein the common oil return (21) is connected to an oil back feed (22) and wherein the actual pressure difference is detected between the pressure in the common oil feeds (20) and a pressure in the oil back feed (22).

6. The screw machine according to claim 4, wherein an actual pressure difference between of the pressure in the common oil return (21) and the pressure in the common oil feeds (20) is detected, and wherein the actual pressure difference is close-loop controlled to a set point pressure difference.

7. The screw machine of claim 1, wherein the screw machine is a screw compressor.

8. A method of operating a screw machine which includes a machine housing (11), screw rotors (14) forming a rotor pair which are mounted in the machine housing (11), and an oil supply system, via which bearings (16, 17) and seals (18) of the screw rotors (14) are supplied with oil for at least one of lubricating and cooling, wherein the oil supply system for the bearings (16, 17) to be at least one of lubricated and cooled and the seals (18) to be at least one of lubricated and cooled comprises an oil supply (19), oil feeds (20) and an oil return (21), the oil feeds (20) and the oil return (21) being common to all bearings (16, 17) and seals (18), and the oil supply system comprising a single valve (26) and associated control device (27); the method comprising the steps of: measuring with a single pressure sensor at least one of a pressure in the common oil return (21) and a pressure difference between the pressure in the common oil return (21) and a pressure in the common oil feeds (20); and controlling or closed-loop controlling with the single valve and associated control device at least one of the pressure in the common oil feeds (20) and the pressure difference dependent on the measured pressure or on the measured pressure difference.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein an actual pressure difference between the pressure in the common oil return (21) and the pressure in the common oil feeds (20) is detected, and wherein the actual pressure difference is close-loop controlled to a set point pressure difference.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the screw machine is a screw compressor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with the help of the drawing FIGURE which shows a schematic representation of a screw machine according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(2) In the following, the invention is described making reference to the FIGURE on the example of a screw machine designed as a screw compressor. Although the application of the invention is preferred with screw compressors, the invention could also be employed with other screw machines.

(3) The FIGURE schematically shows a screw machine designed as an oil-injected screw compressor, which screw machine comprises a machine housing designed as a compressor housing 11. Of the compressor housing 11, a first housing section 12 and a second housing section 13 are shown.

(4) The screw compressor furthermore comprises screw rotors 14, which are rotatably mounted in the compressor housing 11 of the screw compressor and form a pair of screw rotors 14. The first housing section 12 of the compressor housing 11 in this case defines a working space or compression space 15 of the screw compressor, in which a medium to be compressed, in particular a process gas or a refrigerant, is compressed. Here, the screw compressor can comprise a control slide valve which is not shown, which dependent on its position defines the size of the effective work space or compression space.

(5) The screw rotors 14 of the screw compressor are mounted in the housing 11 via bearings, namely in the shown exemplary embodiment via radial bearings 16 and axial bearings 17. Furthermore, the FIGURE shows a seal 18, which serves for sealing a shaft passage of one of the screw rotors 14 in the machine housing or compression housing 11.

(6) The bearings 16, 17 as well as the seal 18 of the screw machine designed as screw compressor shown in the FIGURE can be supplied with oil via an oil supply system for lubricating and/or cooling. Accordingly, the FIGURE shows that the screw machine designed as screw compressor comprises an oil supply system, which comprises a common oil supply 19 which is common for the bearings 16, 17 to be lubricated and/or to be cooled and for the seals 18 to be lubricated and/or to be cooled, wherein starting out from this common oil supply 19 the bearings 16, 17 as well as seals 18 can be supplied with oil. The arrows on the oil feeds 20 of the FIGURE illustrate that all bearings 16, 17 and seals 18 of the screw rotors 14 can be supplied with oil starting out from the common oil supply 19.

(7) Oil, which is fed to the bearings 16, 17 and seals 18 for lubricating and/or cooling is discharged from the same via an oil discharge or oil return 21, wherein the screw machine designed as screw compressor comprises a common oil return 21 which is common for all bearings 16, 17 and seals 18 of the screw rotors 14. The oil flowing out from the bearings 16, 17 and seals 18 is collected in the common oil return 21 and fed into the working space or compression space 15 via an oil back feed 22, which branches off the common oil return 21. Here, the compression space 15 is closed off at the location of the oil back feed 22 towards the suction side of the screw compressor so that the sucked-in quantity of working medium, in particular the sucked-in quantity of gas or refrigerant, is not reduced by the fed-in oil or delivery medium sucked in from the oil. Accordingly, the pressure in the compression space 15 at the location of the oil back feed 22 is higher than the suction pressure.

(8) The present invention now relates to such details with the help of which in all operating conditions, even with suction pressures rising high, a reliable oil supply of the bearings 16, 17 and seals 18 to be cooled and/or lubricated with oil can be ensured.

(9) According to the invention, the oil supply system of the screw machine designed as screw compressor in the shown exemplary embodiment comprises a pressure sensor 23, which detects a pressure in the oil discharge or oil return 21 or a pressure in the oil back feed 22 or a pressure difference that is dependent thereon between the pressure in the oil return 21 or the oil back feed 22 and a pressure in the oil feeds 20. In the shown preferred exemplary embodiment, the pressure sensor 23 detects an actual pressure difference between the pressure in the oil feeds 20 that is common for the bearings 16, 17 and the seals 18 and a pressure in the oil return 21 that is common for the bearings 16, 17 and the seals 18, wherein for this purpose the pressure sensor 23 in the shown exemplary embodiment acts with a first pressure measurement line 24 on the oil feeds 20 and with a second pressure measurement line 25 on the oil return 21. The first pressure measurement line 24 acts on the oil feeds 20 downstream of a valve 26. The second pressure measurement line 25 acts on the oil return 21, namely in the region of the oil back feed 22 branching off the oil return 21, via which the oil collected in the common oil return 21 can be conducted into the compression space 15.

(10) The oil supply system of the screw machine designed as screw compressor in the shown exemplary embodiment furthermore comprises a control device 27, which dependent on the measurement signal of the pressure sensor 23 open-loop or closed-loop controls the pressure in the oil feeds 20 or the pressure difference that is dependent thereon. In the shown exemplary embodiment of the FIGURE, the control device 27 closed-loop controls the actual pressure difference between the pressures which are present at the pressure measurement lines 24 and 25 in such a manner that this actual pressure difference is closed-loop controlled to a set point pressure difference.

(11) Here, the control device 27 in the shown exemplary embodiment is an integral assembly of the valve 26. The same can also be embodied as a separate assembly.

(12) Accordingly, a pressure in the oil return 21 or a pressure in the oil back feed 22 branching off the oil return 21 or a pressure difference that is dependent thereon between the pressure in the oil return 21 or the pressure in the oil back feed 22 and a pressure in the oil feeds 20 accordingly is detected by measurement, wherein dependent on the measured pressure or the measured pressure difference the pressure in the oil feeds 20 or the pressure difference is controlled or closed-loop controlled.

(13) Through such an automatic closed-loop control of the pressure in the oil supply 19 or the pressure difference between the pressure in the oil supply 19 and the pressure in the oil return 21 or oil back feed 22, an adequate oil supply of the bearings 16, 17 and seals 18 of the screw rotors 14 to be cooled and/or to be lubricated can always be ensured under all operating conditions, even with suction pressures rising high.

(14) According to the FIGURE, a bore 28 is introduced into the first housing section 12 of the machine housing 11 in the region of the oil back feed 22 branching off the oil return 21, on which the pressure sensor 23 in the shown exemplary embodiment acts with the pressure measurement line 25.

(15) The valve 26 preferentially is a differential pressure control valve, via which in the exemplary embodiment of the FIGURE the differential pressure between the pressures in the measurement lines 24, 25 can be closed-loop controlled to a set point pressure difference.

(16) As already mentioned, all bearings 16, 17 and seals 18 of the screw rotors 14 can be automatically supplied with an optimum oil differential pressure in order to ensure optimal lubrication and/or cooling of the bearings 16, 17 and seals under all operating conditions.

(17) As already explained above, the closed-loop control of the oil supply pressure or of the oil pressure difference for the bearings 16, 17 and the seals 18 takes place jointly. A single valve 26 is adequate for this purpose. It is not necessary to provide separate valves and controllers for the oil pressure supply of the bearings 16, 17 and for the oil pressure supply of the seals 18.

(18) The screw machine according to the invention or the method according to the invention for operating a screw machine make possible reliable oil lubrication and/or oil cooling of the bearings and seals of a screw machine even when the same is operated with fluctuating suction pressures. Through the automatic closed-loop control or control, influences of changing process pressures or suction pressures on the oil supply of the bearing and seals can be automatically offset.

(19) Thus, while there have shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Moreover, it should be recognized that structures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claim appended hereto.