Compact and Ergonomic Ball-Launching Dog Toy

Abstract

A ball-launching device includes a housing, ball holder, elastomeric member, cocking member, latch, and trigger assembly. The housing has an opening at a first end defining an elongated cavity. The ball holder is disposed in the housing cavity and slidable in an axial direction from a first position proximate to the opening at the housing first end, to a second position. The elastomeric member is selectively arranged within the housing to bias the ball holder toward the first position. The cocking member includes a first portion disposed outside of the housing, being usable to move the ball holder into a cocked position, where the latch may oppose the bias of the elastomeric member and releasably secure the cocking member and the ball holder thereat. Actuating the trigger assembly releases the latch, permitting the elastomeric member to accelerate the ball holder towards the housing first end to launch the ball therefrom.

Claims

1. A ball-launching device comprising: a housing having a first end and a second end, said housing comprising: an opening at said first end defining an interior surface of a cavity; a ball holder with at least a portion thereof disposed in said housing cavity and being configured to slide in a direction away from a first position being proximate to said opening at said housing first end, to a second position in said cavity ; means for biasing said ball holder toward said first position; a cocking member configured to releasably engage with said ball holder, and with at least a portion thereof configured to be slidable within said housing cavity; and wherein said cocking member is configured to be actuated to oppose said biasing and move said cocking member toward said second end of said housing into a cocked position, for said ball holder, when engaged therewith, to move from said first position to a corresponding cocked position.

2. The ball-launching device according to claim 1, further comprising a latch configured to releasably secure said cocking member at said cocked position.

3. The ball-launching device according to claim 2 further comprising a trigger assembly configured, when actuated, to trigger said cocking member to disengage from said ball holder, for said means for biasing to accelerate said ball holder towards said first position to launch the ball therefrom.

4. The ball-launching device according to claim 3, wherein said latch comprises: a plurality of ratchet teeth configured to protrude from said interior surface of said housing cavity, said plurality of ratchet teeth being successively positioned between said first end and said second end of said housing; and a pawl pivotally mounted to said cocking member, with a portion of said pawl configured to engage at least one of said plurality of ratchet teeth at said cocked position.

5. The ball-launching device according to claim 4, wherein said trigger assembly comprises: an elongated arm comprising: a plurality of teeth being successively positioned along a length of said elongated arm; and a pair of shaped openings; and a trigger configured to engage said elongated arm, and configured to move with respect to a portion of said housing from a first trigger position to a second trigger position; wherein said cocking member comprises: a hook configured to pivot; a spring configured to bias said hook; wherein said hook is biased by said spring to automatically engage a lip of said ball holder, when said cocking member is moved into proximity with said ball holder at said first ball holder position, to be releasably coupled thereto; wherein said housing comprises: a pair of pins protruding into said housing cavity; and wherein said pair of shaped openings on said elongated arm are respectively mounted to said pair of pins and configured to respectively track thereon when said trigger is moved from said first trigger position to said second trigger position, to cause one of said plurality of teeth of said elongated arm to releasably engage said hook, and to subsequently move to cause said hook to disengage from said lip of said ball holder, for said cocking member to disengage from said ball holder.

6. The ball-launching device according to claim 5, wherein when said trigger is moved from said second trigger position to said first trigger position, said one of said plurality of teeth of said elongated arm disengages from said hook.

7. The ball-launching device according to claim 6 further comprising means for biasing said pawl into engagement with said one of said plurality of ratchet teeth of said housing.

8. The ball-launching device according to claim 7 wherein when said cocking member is in said cocked position with said pawl engaged with said one of said plurality of ratchet teeth of said housing, said pawl being actuable to adjust said cocking member from said cocked position to another cocked position, for said portion of said pawl to engage a second of said plurality of ratchet teeth.

9. The ball-launching device according to claim 7 wherein when said cocking member is in said cocked position with said pawl engaged with said one of said plurality of ratchet teeth of said housing, said pawl being actuable to disengage from said one of said plurality of ratchet teeth, to move said ball holder back to said first position, without said trigger being actuated to trigger said latch.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The description of the various example embodiments is explained in conjunction with appended drawings, in which:

[0022] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the ball launching dog toy of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 2 is a side view of the ball launching dog toy of FIG. 1.

[0024] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional perspective view through the mid-plane of the ball launching dog toy of FIG. 1.

[0025] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view through the mid-plane of the ball launching dog toy of FIG. 2, shown with the elastomeric member removed.

[0026] FIG. 5 is the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4, but shown with the pulley cover also removed, and shown with the ball holder having been moved from the ball launch position of FIG. 4 into a distal cocked position.

[0027] FIG. 6 is the cross-sectional view of FIG. 5, but shown with the ball holder having been moved into a central cocked position, and also showing the elastomeric member.

[0028] FIG. 7 is an enlarged detail view showing the muzzle end of the ball launching dog toy illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0029] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional top view through the ball launching dog toy of FIG. 2.

[0030] FIG. 9 is an enlarged detail view showing the muzzle end of the ball launching dog toy illustrated in FIG. 8, being shown with the elastomeric member removed.

[0031] FIG. 10 is an enlarged detail view showing the muzzle end of the ball launching dog toy illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0032] FIG. 11 is the enlarged detail view of FIG. 10, shown with the pulley cover and elastomeric member removed, and shown with the ball clamp, carriage, and slide handle removed.

[0033] FIG. 12 is a detail perspective view of the ball holder.

[0034] FIG. 13 is a detail perspective view showing the carriage and slide handle joined together.

[0035] FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing the carriage and slide handle of FIG. 13, with the carriage releasably engaged with the ball holder.

[0036] FIG. 15 is an enlarged detail view showing the butt end of the ball launching dog toy illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0037] FIG. 16 illustrates the dimensions for certain features of the 5.sup.th percentile male and female, the 50.sup.th percentile male and female, and the 95.sup.th percentile male and female.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] As used throughout this specification, the word may is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). Similarly, the words include, including, and includes mean including but not limited to.

[0039] The phrases at least one, one or more, and and/or are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions at least one of A, B and C, one or more of A, B, and C, and A, B, and/or C means all of the following possible combinations: A alone; or B alone; or C alone; or A and B together; or A and C together; or B and C together; or A, B and C together.

[0040] Also, all references (e.g., patents, patent publications, and non-patent literature) that are cited within this documents are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

[0041] Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of any particular embodiment disclosed in the following specification, may be combined in any suitable manner with any of the other embodiments disclosed herein.

[0042] It is further noted that any use herein of relative terms such as top, bottom, upper, lower, vertical, and horizontal are merely intended to be descriptive for the reader, based on the depiction of those features within the figures for one particular position of the device, and such terms are not intended to limit the orientation with which the device of the present invention may be utilized.

[0043] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of the ball-launching dog toy 10 of the present invention. The ball launching device 10 may broadly include a housing, a ball holder, an elastomeric member, a cocking member, a latch, and a trigger.

[0044] The housing 20 may be formed as a single elongated piece, or may be advantageously formed in two halves, and may be split roughly at the mid-plane 20M shown in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 3, the first (muzzle) end 21 of housing 20 may be formed with an opening 20P defining an elongated interior surface 20S of a cavity, while the second end 22 may form the butt end of the launcher 10. An elongated opening 20T may also be formed in the housing 20 to interconnect with the interior cavity. The opening 20T (see FIG. 1) may be formed at the top of the housing 20, at the mid-plane 20M, and may extend at least part-way between the first end 21 and second end 22. A lower portion of the housing 20 may be formed with a handle that may include a hand grip portion 20H and a trigger guard 20G (FIG. 2). The housing 20 may also include an outwardly protruding ring 20R configured to receive and store a ball thereina ball that may be used by the launcher 10. The ball used by the launcher 10 may be any suitable ball, and may be an ordinary tennis ball, or it may be a ball specially constructed to be used as a pet toy, and may be more durable in its construction, which may include a squeaker mounted therein.

[0045] As seen in FIGS. 3-4, the housing 20 of the ball launching device 10 may be configured to receive a ball holder 30 in a slidable relation within the housing cavity. The ball holder 30 may be slidable in the axial direction 20X from a first position proximate to the opening 20P at the housing first end 21 (FIG. 3), to a second position being proximate to the housing second end 22 (FIG. 4), and these positional limitations may be related to the positioning and length of the elongated opening 20T, as described hereinafter. The ball holder 30 is shown in detail in the perspective view of FIG. 12, and may be formed to create a generally spherical shape configured to receive a portion of the ball therein. The generally spherical shape may be formed by a first member 33, and a second member 34, each of which may be generally arcuate, and each of which may also be formed as a spherical sector. At least one of the first member 33 and the second member 34 may have an inward protruding lip (e.g., lip 33Li). Alternatively, the first member 33 and the second member 34 may respectively be formed with inward protruding lip 33Li and inward protruding lip 33Lii, which may be at its distal ends. The first and second inward protruding lips may be configured to releasably engage the ball in a slight friction fit. The extent of the friction fit may be at least such that the ball launcher 10 may be aimed down toward the ball as it rests on the ground, and by pressing the ball holder 30 against the ball, the ball may be engaged by the lips just sufficiently to retain the ball therein, without it falling out when being lifted off the ground. This permits the pet owner to utilize the ball launcher 10 to reload the ball into the device, without having to grasp the ball using his/her hand, which may be advantageous after the pet has carried the ball in its mouth multiple times, so that the ball had thereby become moistened and possibly soiled from repeated contact with the ground.

[0046] The ball holder 30 may have a first side flange 31 and a second side flange 32 (FIG. 12), which flanges may be configured to respectively slide in track 20KL and track 20KR on the left and right sides of the housing 20 within its cavity (see FIG. 9). Each of the flanges 31 and 32 may have a protrusion 30P protruding laterally therefrom. The protrusions 30P may be used to contact corresponding compression springs 35 on each of the left and right sides of the housing (see e.g., FIG. 7), as the ball holder reaches the housing first end 21, to quickly decelerate the ball holder and prevent localized shock loading of the housing, while the ball is ejected therefrom.

[0047] The ball holder 30 may be biased toward its first position using any suitable apparatus. However, an elastomeric member may be more effectively used in order that the housing 20 be formed to be very compact and the component parts of the device be ergonomically arranged, as the elastomeric member may desirably be configured to accelerate the ball holder 30 to launch the ball a distance of at least 50 feet, while occupying a relatively small volume within the housing cavity. In a simple embodiment, the elastomeric member may have a rod shape (i.e., a circular cross-section), and each of its ends may be secured proximate to the first end 21 of the housing 20, and a central portion of the elastomeric member may be secured to (or may just wrap around) a portion of the ball holder 30 (e.g., the elastomeric member may pass through an opening in one or both of the flanges, such as opening 35 in flange 31). Therefore, as the ball holder 30 is moved away from the first position towards its second position, the elastomeric member would become increasingly elongated and store increasing amounts of strain energy that may be used to accelerate the ball holder, when released, to launch the ball out the housing first end 21. This arrangement may resemble the action provided by a sling shot, but may be limited in its ability to store sufficient strain energy to launch the ball as far as desired, without having the elastomeric member utilized be so stiff as to prevent a young person or an elderly person from being able to cock the device.

[0048] To provide for greater stored strain energy, using the same diameter and material type, a longer elastomeric member 40 may be used. The longer elastomeric member 40 may take on any suitable shape, and may be made of any suitable material type. However, in one embodiment, the elastomeric member 40 may be a natural latex rubber rod having a diameter of inch, and a tensile strength of 2500 psi, which in combination with lengths disclosed herein for the housing, may launch the ball at least 50 feet. In one embodiment the elastomeric member 40 may also have a smooth texture for its use herein, and may be medium soft, with a 40A durometer. The longer elastomeric member 40 may be configured as shown in the side view of FIG. 6, and may operate in conjunction with a first pulley 51 and a second pulley 52 (FIGS. 8-9), each being rotatably mounted to a first side and a second side of the housing 20, respectively, within the housing cavity. A first end 41 of the elastomeric member 40 may be secured to the right side of housing 20 in proximity to the housing second end 22, and may be anchored thereat with a plate 41P that may be secured to the housing using screws. A portion 43 of the elastomeric member 40 may extend towards the first end 21 of the housing 20, and may wind over the top of pulley 51 (FIG. 7), after which another portion 44 of the elastomeric member may extend back towards the housing second end 22, but may pass through the opening 35 of the ball holder 30. After passing through the opening 35 of the ball holder 30, a portion 45 of the elastomeric member 40 may extend back towards to the first end 21 of the housing 20, and may wind over the top of pulley 52 on the left side of the housing, after which another portion 46 of the elastomeric member may extend back towards the housing second end 22, and the second end 42 of the elastomeric member may similarly be secured thereat using another plate 41P (FIG. 8).

[0049] This greater length and arrangement used for elastomeric member 40 may permit the ball holder 30 to be moved from the first position shown in FIG. 3 to a distal position whereby the entire increased length of the elastomeric member 40 may also be used to store strain energy. Also, the portions 44 and 45 of the elastomeric member 40 may be respectively redirected by smaller pulleys 53/54 to be more central within the tracks 20KR/20KL (FIG. 7), and may also pass behind a rotatable rod 55, which may reduce friction and wear, particularly at the end of travel as the ball holder 30 reaches the first position. The smaller pulleys 53/54 and rotatable rod 55 may also operate to assure proper winding of the elastomeric member 40 about the pulleys 51/52, and prevent disengagement therefrom, as the ball holder 30 is biased back to the first position.

[0050] For the device 10 to be desirably used by a pet owner to launch a ball at a desired time and in a particular direction, the ball holder may be moved into and maintained in a cocked position (i.e., with the elastomeric member deformed to store strain energy), using a cocking member that may be coupled to the ball holder. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 13, a cocking member 60 may broadly include a first portion 61 disposed outside of the housing 20; a second portion 62 disposed within the housing cavity; and a neck portion 63 that may connect the first and second portions, with the neck portion configured to be slidable within the elongated housing opening 20T. In another embodiment, the cocking member 60 may be integrally formed with the ball holder 30 (e.g., a neck portion may extend from the ball holder and pass through the elongated opening in the housing, and may transition into a graspable portion that is disposed outside of the housing).

[0051] The first portion 61, the second portion 62, and the neck portion 63 may all form a single integral part, or the first portion 61 and second portion 62 may be separate parts that may be fastened together, as shown in FIG. 4, in which case the neck portion 63 may extend from either the first or second portions, and through which the fasteners may pass. The top exposed area of the first portion 61 of the cocking member 60 may include an opening 61P defining a finger graspable recess 61R. The lateral extent of the first portion 61 may be such that the finger graspable recess 61R is large enough to receive at least four fingers of a user (i.e., the index, middle, ring, and littler fingers), so that it may thereby be grasped and used to oppose and elastically deform the elastomeric member 40. The compact arrangement for device 10, including the arrangement of the elastomeric member 40, may serve to permit the user to grasp the first portion 61 of the cocking member 60 using recess 61R, and pull the cocking member towards their body into a cocked position, with the second end of the housing butting up against the user's body, for the ball holder to be moved from the first position towards the second position. The ergonomics of this compact arrangement allows a user who may be less agile and who may possess less than average strength (e.g., a young person, and elderly person, etc.) to nonetheless safely and easily move the ball holder into a suitable cocked position, from which the cocking member may be released, to permit the elastomeric member to accelerate the ball holder towards the housing first end to launch the ball therefrom. In one embodiment, the housing may have a length between its first end 21 and second end 22 of 20 inches, as shown in FIG. 2, and the length of the elongated opening 20T may be less than 19.5 inches, and may preferably be 16.5 inches, for which a length of the elastomeric member would preferably be in the range 700 mm to 800 mm, and may preferably be 750 mm, which may serve to launch a tennis ball at least 50 feet. The device 10 is accurately depicted in the figures using engineering drawings, and as shown in FIG. 2 would thus accommodate use even by a small boy or girl or other small person (see e.g., the B and C dimensions for the 5.sup.th percentile woman shown in FIG. 16).

[0052] As seen in FIG. 13, the cocking member 60 may include a plurality of wheels 68 rotatable attached to the first portion 61 and/or to the second portion 62, to rotatably engaged the outside and/or the inside of the housing 20, to permit the cocking member to more easily slide with respect to the housing.

[0053] In another embodiment, a latching pawl member 70 may additionally be utilized to releasably secure the cocking member and the ball holder to the housing 20, at a cocked position. As seen in FIG. 15, the latching pawl member 70 may be pivotally mounted to a portion of the cocking member 60, and the housing 20 may be formed to include a plurality of ratchet teeth (e.g., ratchet teeth 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, etc.) that may protrude from the interior surface 20S into the housing cavity. The ratchet teeth may be successively positioned, and may begin at a location between the first end 21 and the second end 22 of the housing 20, and may end proximate to the second end 22 of the housing. The pawl 70 may have a tongue portion 71 that may be configured to engage any one or more of the ratchet teeth (e.g., tooth 25C), when properly located, and rotated as shown in FIG. 15, to releasably secure the cocking member 60 at the corresponding cocked position. The top 72 of the pawl 70 may extend above the cocking member 60, to permit such rotation by the user, which may be conveniently done using the thumb of the user's hand. The cocking member in this embodiment may be easily released, by toggling the pawl 70 to cause it to counter-rotate, to cause disengagement of the tongue portion 71 from the housing tooth (e.g., tooth 25C) with which it had been engaged, which would permit the elastomeric member to freely accelerate the ball holder towards the housing first end to launch the ball therefrom.

[0054] It should be noted that this arrangement permits easy adjustment of the ball holder 30 and cocking member 70 from the cocked position to a different cocked position, to either increase or decrease the amount of strain energy stored by the elastomeric member 40, whereby the pawl tongue 71 may engage a different tooth on the housing 20 (e.g., tooth 25B or 25D). To further increase the stored strain energy, to launch the ball farther, the user may insert his/her four fingers into the recess 61R of cocking member 60 and may pull the cocking member towards the housing second end 22 (e.g., towards their body, depending upon how the device 10 is being held), until the pawl tongue 71 of cocking member 70 is engaged with another tooth (e.g., tooth 25D) to occupy another cocked position. To decrease the stored strain energy (e.g., causing the pawl tongue 71 to perhaps engage tooth 25B), or to even return the ball holder 30 all the way back to the first position, where the elastomeric member 40 may not possess any stored strain energy, the user may insert his/her four fingers into the recess 61R of cocking member 60, and may apply a force towards the housing second end 22, being just sufficient to counter the bias of the elastomeric member 40, and the user may then toggle the pawl 70, which may be disposed in proximity to the finger graspable recess 61R of the cocking member. This toggling (i.e. rotation) of the pawl 70 may cause its tongue 71 to be positioned where it may not engage any of the teeth, after which the force applied by the user may be slowly decreased, and the cocking member 60 may thus be allowed to be slowly be biased to slide part way towards the first end 21 and into another cocked position where the pawl may be released to engage a tooth thereat (e.g., tooth 25B), or it may be slid all the way to return the ball holder 30 at its first position.

[0055] In yet another embodiment, the cocking member 60 may be releasably coupled to the ball holder 30, the latching pawl member 70 may additionally be biased (e.g., by a torsion spring) into engagement with the ratchet teeth (e.g., 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, etc.), and a trigger assembly may be used, to more conveniently permit holding, aiming, and launching of the ball using the device 10, similar to the manner in which a radar gun may be aimed by a law enforcement officer. The ball may thus be launched from device 10 using one hand or both hands.

[0056] The releasable coupling of the cocking member 60 to the ball holder 30 may utilize a hook member 64 (FIG. 13) that may have a first end and a second end, the first end of the hook member may include a hook portion (e.g., 65A and/or 65B). The hook member 64 may be pivotally mounted to the second portion 62 of the cocking member 60 using pin 66, at a position that may be distal from its first end (e.g., at its second end). The distal second end of the hook member 64 may have a downward extending flange 67. A spring, e.g., a tension spring or a torsion spring (not shown) mounted to pin 66, may bias the hook portion 65 of the hook member 64 to normally pivot towards the second cocking member portion 62. The ball holder 30 may include a recess or multiple recesses (or protrusions) respectively configured to receive (or be engaged by) the hook portion(s) of the hook member 64. The forward facing portion 66A/66B of the hook portions (65A/65B) of the hook member 64 may be angled, to permit automatic engagement with the recess(es) in the ball holder 30, when the cocking member 60 is moved into proximity with the ball holder at its first position, to be releasably coupled thereto (see FIG. 4 and FIG. 14). The trigger assembly may be configured, when actuated, to trigger disengagement of the hook portions (65A/65B) of the hook member 64 from the ball holder 30, to release the restraint, and permit the elastomeric member 40 to accelerate the ball holder towards the housing first end 21 to launch the ball therefrom.

[0057] The trigger assembly, as seen in FIG. 15, may include a trigger member 81 and a release member 90. The trigger member 81 may be slidably mounted within the generally hollow hand grip portion 20H of the housing 20, and may have a forward-most portion 81F that may be curved and may be exposed, and may be facing, but offset from, the trigger guard 20G. The trigger member 81 may have an upwardly disposed protrusion 82 that may be received within a recess 92 of the release member 90. The release member 90 may have an elongated arm 91A that may be disposed in the axial direction within the cavity of housing 20, and which may have a plurality of serrations or teeth (e.g., 93A, 93B, 93C, etc.) formed on an upper edge thereof. The housing 20 may have a first pin 27 and a second pin 28 protruding inwardly into the housing cavity, and the elongated arm 91A may having first and second shaped openings 97 and 98, which may respectively track upon the pins 27/28 to impart particular motion to the release member 90, in the manner of a cam and follower. The shaped openings 97 and 98 may first angle downwardly when moving in the axial direction toward the housing first end 21, and may then generally extend to be parallel to the axial direction. Therefore, as seen in FIG. 15, as the trigger member 81 is actuated (i.e., is pulled toward the housing second end 22), the protrusion 82 engaged within the recess 92, being slidably engaged therein in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction 20X, may drive the release member 90 to correspondingly move.

[0058] With the angled portion of the shaped openings 97 and 98 first being engaged by the pins 27/28, the rearward movement of the trigger 81 would cause relative movement of the release member, whereby it would be driven to similarly move rearward toward the second end 22 and also upward towards the cocking member 60, so that the vertical portion of one of the serrated teeth (e.g., tooth 93B) on its upper edge may be adjacent to the flange 67 of the cocking member. During this upward and rearward travel of the release member 90, the protrusion 82 of the trigger member 81 may become slightly withdrawn from the recess 92 of the release member, as it is elevated. As the axially extending portion of the shaped openings 97 and 98 next engage the pins 27/28, the release member 90 will be correspondingly driven to move substantially rearward, and thus the tooth (e.g., tooth 93B) that was positioned adjacent to the flange 67 of the cocking member 60 will contact the distal end of the flange, and cause it to pivot against the bias provided thereto, and cause it to uncouple from the ball holder 30. The unrestrained ball holder 30 will then be biased and accelerated by the elastomeric member 40 towards its first position, and as it approaches the first position, it will be quickly decelerated by the springs 35, which prevent shock loading of the housing 20, and simultaneously permit launching of the ball from the ball holder 30.

[0059] In another embodiment shown in FIG. 8, a transverse member 94, within which the recess 92 may be formed (see FIG. 3), and may connect the elongated arm 91A that may be positioned on the left side of the housing cavity, with an elongated arm 91B that may be positioned on the right side of the housing cavity. Each of the elongated arms 91A and 91B may be formed with the serrations, to redundantly be able to actuate the flange 67 of the cocking member 60 and cause it to pivot and uncouple from the ball holder 30.

[0060] While illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments of the present invention are provided hereinabove, those skilled in the art and having the benefit of the present disclosure will appreciate that further embodiments may be implemented with various changes within the scope of the present invention. Other modifications, substitutions, omissions and changes may be made in the design, size, materials used or proportions, operating conditions, assembly sequence, or arrangement or positioning of elements and members of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of this invention.

[0061] Accordingly, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described example embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.