SCREW PLACEMENT SYSTEM AND VERTEBRAL PEDICLE SCREW PLACEMENT DEVICE

Abstract

The vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application includes a bone drill mechanism and a depth advancing mechanism connected to the bone drill mechanism and used to generate linear reciprocating motion. The bone drill mechanism includes a bone drill driving device and a clamping mechanism connected and driven by the bone drill driving device. The present application provides the driving force of the linear reciprocating motion of the bone drill mechanism through a depth advancing mechanism, and combines the driving control of the clamping mechanism by the bone drill driving device. The clamping mechanism is used to clamp the guide pins, reamers, taps, vertebral pedicle screws, etc. required in the operation, so as to realize the screw placement in the operation, improve the operation efficiency and the accuracy of the screw placement, and avoid possible accidental injuries in the manual screw placement process in the prior art.

Claims

1: A vertebral pedicle screw placement device, comprising a bone drill mechanism, and a depth advancing mechanism connected to the bone drill mechanism and used to generate linear reciprocating motion, the bone drill mechanism including a bone drill driving device and a clamping mechanism connected to and driven by the bone drill driving device.

2: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 1, wherein the depth advancing mechanism comprises a lead screw assembly, a moving platform, and a driving motor for driving the lead screw assembly; the lead screw assembly includes a ball screw and a lead screw nut; the driving motor is connected to and drives the ball screw, so that a linear reciprocating relative movement occurs between the lead screw nut and the ball screw; the lead screw nut is connected with the moving platform, and the bone drill mechanism is installed on the moving platform.

3: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 2, wherein the depth advancing mechanism further includes a linear guide rail and a sliding block, the sliding block can perform linear reciprocating relative movement along the linear guide rail, the relative position of the ball screw and the linear guide rail is fixed, and the lead screw nut is fixed on the sliding block.

4: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 3, wherein the depth advancing mechanism further includes a coupling, and the driving motor drives the ball screw through the coupling to perform linear reciprocating motion.

5: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 4, wherein the depth advancing mechanism further includes a bottom plate, the linear guide rail is fixedly installed with the bottom plate, a bearing is provided on the bottom plate, and the ball screw is installed in the bearing.

6: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 5, wherein the bone drill mechanism further includes a mechanism mounting seat and a cross-roller guide rail; the bone drill driving device and the clamping mechanism are mounted on the mechanism mounting seat; the cross-roller guide rail is connected to the moving platform on the depth advancing mechanism; and the bone drill driving device and the clamping mechanism are connected with the moving platform through the mechanism mounting seat and the cross-roller guide rail.

7: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 6, wherein the vertebral pedicle screw placement device further includes a pressure sensor and a buffer spring arranged between the bone drill mechanism and the moving platform of the depth advancing mechanism.

8: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 6, wherein the bone drill mechanism further includes a torque sensor provided between the bone drill driving device and the clamping mechanism.

9: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism is a guide pin clamping mechanism, which includes a clamping mechanism body and a drill chuck, the clamping mechanism body is connected with the bone drill driving device, and the drill chuck is used for clamping a guide pin.

10: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism is a multifunctional clamping mechanism, which includes a clamping mechanism body and a quick release joint, and the clamping mechanism body is connected with the bone drill driving device.

11: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 1, wherein the vertebral pedicle screw placement device also includes a guide pin fixing mechanism for positioning the guide pin.

12: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 11, wherein the guide pin fixing mechanism includes a fixing member, an extension arm, and a clamping arm, the fixing member and the depth advancing mechanism are relatively fixedly mounted, one end of the extension arm is mounted on the fixing member, and the clamping arm is mounted on the other end of the extension arm through a connecting shaft, the clamping arm is rotatable along the connecting shaft relative to the extension arm, and the clamping arm is provided with a clamping hole for clamping the guide pin.

13: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 12, wherein the guide pin fixing mechanism further includes adjusting members respectively arranged on one side of the connecting shaft and the clamping hole.

14: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 1, wherein the vertebral pedicle screw placement device also includes a cross laser system and a guide tube.

15: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 14, wherein the cross laser system and the guide tube are installed at a front end of the depth advancing mechanism.

16: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 1, wherein the vertebral pedicle screw placement device also includes a binocular camera installed at the front end of the depth advancing mechanism and connected to a computer.

17: The vertebral pedicle screw placement device according to claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism of the bone drill mechanism is provided with a navigation surface.

18: A vertebral pedicle screw placement system, comprising: a vertebral pedicle screw placement device; a binocular vision system; and a computer; wherein the binocular vision system is connected to the computer; the vertebral pedicle screw placement device comprises: a bone drill mechanism; and a depth advancing mechanism connected to the bone drill mechanism and used to generate linear reciprocating motion; the bone drill mechanism comprises: a bone drill driving device; and a clamping mechanism connected to and driven by the bone drill driving device.

19: The vertebral pedicle screw placement system according to claim 18, wherein the binocular vision system includes a binocular camera for spatial positioning of binocular vision, the binocular camera is connected to the computer, the clamping mechanism of the bone drill mechanism of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device is provided with a navigation surface, and the navigation surface is provided with a visible light visual recognition tracking pattern adapted to the binocular vision system.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of each component of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the application;

[0031] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part a in FIG. 1;

[0032] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of this application;

[0033] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of this application;

[0034] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of this application;

[0035] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of this application;

[0036] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a guide pin clamping mechanism of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application; and

[0037] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multifunctional clamping mechanism of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 6. A vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application includes a bone drill mechanism, and a depth advancing mechanism connected to the bone drill mechanism and used to generate linear reciprocating motion. The bone drill mechanism includes a bone drill driving device and a clamping mechanism connected to and driven by the bone drill driving device. Specifically, the bone drill driving device may adopt a driving motor. In the present application, the driving force of the bone drill mechanism for linear reciprocating motion is provided by the depth advancing mechanism, and the driving of the clamping mechanism is controlled in combination with the bone drill driving device. The clamping mechanism is used to clamp the guide pins, reamers, taps, vertebral pedicle screws, etc. required in the operation, so as to realize the screw placement in the operation, improve the operation efficiency and the accuracy of the screw placement, and avoid possible accidental injuries in the manual screw placement process in the prior art.

[0039] Please refer to FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the depth advancing mechanism can be implemented in such a way that the depth advancing mechanism includes a lead screw assembly, a linear guide rail 112, a sliding block 113, a bottom plate 111, a moving platform 132, and a driving motor that drives the lead screw assembly 121. The lead screw assembly includes a ball screw 123 and a lead screw nut 124. The linear guide rail 112 is fixedly installed with the bottom plate 111, the bottom plate 111 is provided with a bearing 115, and the ball screw 123 is installed in the bearing. Therefore, the relative position of the ball screw 123 and the linear guide rail 112 is fixed, but at the same time it can rotate relatively in the bearing. The sliding block 113 can perform linear reciprocating relative movement along the linear guide rail 112, and the lead screw nut 124 is fixed on the sliding block 113. The driving motor 121 is connected to the ball screw 123 through a coupling 122 and drives the ball screw 123 to rotate, so that the lead screw nut 124 and the ball screw 123 generate a linear reciprocating relative movement. The lead screw nut 124 and the sliding block 113 reciprocate together along the linear guide rail 112.

[0040] A platform connector 131 is provided on the lead screw nut 124, the lead screw nut 124 is connected to the moving platform 132 through the platform connector 131, and the bone drill mechanism is installed on the moving platform 132.

[0041] In other embodiments, the depth advancing mechanism can also adopt a method other than the lead screw assembly to generate linear reciprocating motion, for example, a driving motor directly drives the connector to move linearly along the slide rail, and the connector is used to connect the bone drill mechanism. Moreover, the movement displacement can be detected by a sensor, and the accuracy of the movement can be controlled by a computer.

[0042] In an embodiment, the bone drill driving device adopted by the bone drill mechanism is a bone drill motor 321, and a torque sensor 322 is provided between the bone drill motor 321 and the clamping mechanism. The torque sensor 322 can accurately measure the torque of the vertebral pedicle screw during the entire insertion process, thereby intelligently judging whether the screw has been inserted in place, so as to avoid the loosening of the screw in the vertebral pedicle due to not being fastened, and avoid breaking of the vertebral pedicle. The bone drill motor 321 and the clamping mechanism are mounted on a mechanism mounting seat 323, and the moving platform 132 on the depth advancing mechanism is connected with a cross-roller guide rail 311. The bone drill motor 321 and the clamping mechanism are connected to the moving platform 132 through the mechanism mounting seat 323 and the cross-roller guide rail 311.

[0043] The vertebral pedicle screw placement device further includes a pressure sensor 312 and a buffer spring 313 arranged between the bone drill mechanism and the moving platform 132 of the depth advancing mechanism. Here, the pressure sensor 312 completes the real-time pressure measurement, and can measure the resistance of the screw placement tool during the advancement process in each process of screw placement, so as to avoid the occurrence of surgical accidents. The spring 313 is used to adjust the slight displacement difference generated during screw placement.

[0044] The vertebral pedicle screw placement device also includes a guide pin fixing mechanism for positioning a guide pin, which can clamp the guide pin during the process of reaming, tapping and screw placement, and can be used in the process of placing the screw, and which can prevent the guide pin from being carried in by the reamer and other screw placement tools during the screw placement process, and then pierce the vertebral body and cause damage to other organs of the human body. Specifically, the guide pin fixing mechanism 210 includes a fixing member 211, an extension arm 212, and a clamping arm 213. The fixing member 211 is fixedly installed relative to the depth advancing mechanism, and can be specifically installed on a lateral side or a lateral side of the bottom plate 111 of the linear guide rail 112. One end of the extension arm 212 is mounted on the fixing member 211, and the clamping arm 213 is mounted on the other end of the extension arm 212 via a connecting shaft. In addition, the clamping arm 213 is rotatable along the connecting shaft relative to the extension arm 212, and the clamping arm 213 defines therein a clamping hole 215 for clamping the guide pin.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, one side of the connecting shaft of the clamping arm 213 and the extension arm 212 is provided with an adjusting member 214, and the adjusting member 214 adopts a threaded fitting structure. The adjusting member 214 located at the connecting shaft adjusts the tightness of the clamping arm connection by rotating, so as to fix the angle of the clamping arm 213 relative to the extension arm 212. An adjustment member 216 is also provided on one side of the clamping hole 215, and the adjustment member 216 adopts a threaded fitting structure which adjusts the feed depth by rotating, thereby adjusting the tightness of clamping a guide pin 502.

[0046] There are different embodiments of the clamping mechanism of the bone drill mechanism, for example, a guide pin clamping mechanism or a three-in-one multifunctional clamping mechanism of reaming/tapping/screw setting.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 3, the clamping mechanism is a guide pin clamping mechanism, which includes a clamping mechanism body 420 and a drill chuck 421. The clamping mechanism body 420 is connected to the torque sensor 322 and the bone drill motor 321. The drill chuck 421 is used to clamp the guide pin 502, and a front end of the guide pin 502 is inserted into a guide tube 501. In a specific embodiment, the clamping mechanism body 420 is connected to the torque sensor 322 by a screw.

[0048] When a solid vertebral pedicle screw is used, or when the guide pin 502 is not needed during the operation, the guide tube 501, the guide pin fixing mechanism and the guide pin clamping mechanism 420 can be omitted.

[0049] Please refer to FIGS. 4-6. The clamping mechanism is a three-in-one multifunctional clamping mechanism of reaming/tapping/screw setting, which includes a clamping mechanism body 410 and a quick-release joint 411. The clamping mechanism body 410 is connected with the torque sensor 322 and the bone drill motor 321. A reamer 503, a tap 504 and a screw placement driver 505 can be quickly connected to the clamping mechanism body 410 through the quick-release joint 411. In a specific embodiment, the clamping mechanism body 410 may be connected to the torque sensor 322 by a screw.

[0050] The process of vertebral pedicle screw placement generally includes: positioning, drilling a bottom hole, tapping, and screw placement. When the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application is specifically applied, if a hollow vertebral pedicle screw is inserted, the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application is used, and the guide pin fixing mechanism 210 is used to clamp and fix the guide pin 501. A front end of the guide pin 502 is inserted into the guide tube 501, and the guide pin 502 is inserted according to the surgical site and angle through the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application. The guide pin is used to determine the position and angle of the vertebral pedicle screw, and to guide tools such as reamer, taps, and screws. Then use the reamer 503, and follow the guide pin to ream the surgical site. Then, use the tap 504 to tap along the reamed hole along the guide pin. Finally, a screw placement driver 505 is used to install the hollow screw, that is, the screw is inserted along the guide pin.

[0051] If a solid vertebral pedicle screw is inserted, using the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application, the guide pin 501 is clamped and fixed by the guide pin fixing mechanism 210, and a front end of the guide pin 502 is inserted into the guide tube 501. First, through the vertebral pedicle screw placement device of the present application, the guide pin 502 is placed according to the surgical site and angle. Then install the reamer 503, and follow the guide pin to ream the surgical site. Then, change to tap 504, follow the guide pin, and tap along the reamed hole. Finally, remove the guide pin, use a screw placement driver 505 to install the solid screw, and place the screw along the tapped threaded hole. In the embodiments of FIGS. 3-6, a cross laser system 220 and a binocular camera 600 are provided. The cross laser system 220 is installed at the front end of the depth advancing mechanism, which can provide the doctor with an accurate position of the patient's skin incision. The binocular camera 600 is installed below the front end of the depth advancing mechanism, and is fixed to a lower side of the bottom plate 111 or a lower side of the guide rail 112 through a platform fixing seat 114. The binocular camera 600 is connected to a computer and can perform tracking and identification and intraoperative monitoring.

[0052] Please refer to FIGS. 7-8. In other embodiments, the binocular camera may not be set on the vertebral pedicle screw placement device, but may be separately set on other brackets and connected to the computer. The clamping mechanism of the bone drill mechanism adopts another embodiment. The clamping mechanism body 412, 422 is provided with navigation surfaces 413, 423, and the navigation surfaces 413, 423 are equipped with visible light visual recognition tracking patterns adapted to the binocular vision system. Tracking and monitoring is performed by tracking the navigation surfaces on the intelligent vertebral pedicle screw placement device.

[0053] The vertebral pedicle screw placement device further includes a control circuit for controlling the screw placement operation of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device and at the same time detecting the screw placement situation. Specifically, the control circuit can be connected to the computer through RSS485 or CAN communication, and control various movements of the tool according to the preoperative planning. The vertebral pedicle screw placement device further includes an installation interface 601, which can install the vertebral pedicle screw placement device on a mechanical arm of an orthopedic surgical robot to realize intelligent semi-automatic screw placement operation.

[0054] The present application also provides a vertebral pedicle screw placement system, which includes the vertebral pedicle screw placement device and binocular vision system as described above, and a computer. The binocular vision system is connected to the computer.

[0055] Specifically, the binocular vision system includes the binocular camera for realizing binocular visual spatial positioning, and the binocular camera is connected to the computer. The clamping mechanism of the bone drill mechanism of the vertebral pedicle screw placement device is provided with a navigation surface, and the navigation surface is provided with a visible light visual recognition tracking pattern adapted to a binocular vision system. The binocular vision system is used to track the navigation surface of the intelligent vertebral pedicle screw placement device to realize tracking and monitoring.

[0056] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent transformation based on the technical solution of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.