Apparatus and method for isolating bast bark and wood body from a bast plant stem

Abstract

A method for isolating bast bark and wood bodies from a bast plant stem (18), whereby the bast plant stem (18) is formed internally by an essentially cylindrical wood body (9), and the wood body (9) is radially covered by a bast bark (3c) containing bast fibers, and is connected to the bast bark (3c) via a meristem tissue (11), which intends that the bast bark (3c) is separated by means of a tensile force (Fz) from the wood body (9), or at least from a constituent part of the wood body (9) through the division of the meristem tissue (11).

Claims

1. Method for isolating bast bark and wood body from a bast plant stem, wherein the interior of the bast plant stem is composed of an essentially cylindrical wood body, and the wood body is covered radially by a bast bark containing bast fibers, and is connected to the bast bark by meristem tissue, the method comprising the steps: a. producing of a first and second stem part by dividing the bast plant stem along the longitudinal axis, wherein the first stem part has a first cut wood body, and the second stem part has a second cut wood body, b. bending at least of the first stem part, wherein the first stem part is arranged so that the compression is on the bast bark side and the bending force is increased until the first cut wood body on a stretched point of the stem part, the stretched point being opposite to the compressed point, breaks open outwardly from the bast bark in such a way that, from the first cut wood body, a first wood breaking body and a second wood breaking body are formed, and c. separating the bast bark from the first wood breaking body by peeling, wherein the bast bark is peeled from the first wood breaking body via the division of the meristem tissue using a tensile force, wherein a separating device is applied between the bast bark and the first wood breaking body of the wood body until the bast bark is completely peeled from the first wood breaking body.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the tensile force is exerted in such a way on the bast bark that the bast bark opens an angle to the movement direction, or to the longitudinal axis of the first wood breaking body, from which the bast bark is separated.

3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the bend of the first stem part is a three-point bend or a four-point bend.

4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the cut wood body of the first stem part touches at least two outer bending points and the bast bark of the first stem part touches two inner bending points.

5. Method according to the claim 3, wherein at least one inner bending point or at least one outer bending point achieves relative movement to one other inner or outer bending point.

6. Method according to claim 3, wherein at least one inner bending point is a breakpoint.

7. Method according to one of the claims 3, wherein the separating device starting from a breakage area between bast bark and the first wood breaking body is moved so that the bast bark is to be separated from the first wood breaking body, wherein the not yet separated stem part is restricted in movement.

8. Method according to one of the claims 1, wherein, before applying the tensile force to a first end, the bast plant stem is cut in such a way in the direction of the longitudinal axis that the bast plant stem is divided at the end into at least two hollow cylinder segments.

9. Method according to claim 8, wherein a part of the bast bark, beginning at an end of the hollow cylinder segment is separated from the wood body by applying the tensile force.

10. A method for isolating bast bark and wood body from a bast plant stem, wherein the interior of the bast plant stem is composed of an essentially cylindrical wood body, and the wood body is covered radially by a bast bark containing bast fibers, and is connected to the bast bark by meristem tissue, the method comprising the steps: a. producing of a first and second stem part by dividing the bast plant stem along the longitudinal axis, wherein the first stem part has a first cut wood body, and the second stem part has a second cut wood body, b. bending at least of the first stem part, wherein the first stem part is arranged so that the compression is on the bast bark side and the bending force is increased until the first cut wood body on a stretched point of the stem part, the stretched point being opposite to the compressed point, breaks open outwardly from the bast bark in such a way that, from the first cut wood body, a first wood breaking body and a second wood breaking body are formed, and c. separating the bast bark from the first wood breaking body, wherein the bast bark is separated from the first wood breaking body via the division of the meristem tissue using a tensile force, wherein a separating device is inserted between the bast bark and the first wood breaking body of the wood body and peeling the bast bark from the first wood body by moving the separating device between the bast bark and the first wood body.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Shown are:

(2) FIG. 1a Cross section of a bast plant stem,

(3) FIG. 1b Separation of a bast plant stem,

(4) FIG. 2 First work step of buckling isolation,

(5) FIG. 3 Second work step of buckling isolation in order to bend and break the stem part,

(6) FIG. 4 Third work step for initiating isolation,

(7) FIG. 5 Fourth work step of buckling isolation,

(8) FIG. 6 Start of a fifth work step of buckling isolation,

(9) FIG. 7 A representation of the fifth work step in FIG. 6,

(10) FIG. 8 First work step of the second embodiment of the method at start of buckling,

(11) FIG. 9 Second work step of the second embodiment,

(12) FIG. 10 Third work step of the second embodiment,

(13) FIG. 11 Fourth work step of the second embodiment for the transition from buckling to isolation,

(14) FIG. 12 Fifth work step of the second embodiment,

(15) FIG. 13 Three-dimensional view of a stem division at the end, a third embodiment of the method, and

(16) FIG. 14 A separation of the bast bark according to the third embodiment in FIG. 13.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(17) FIG. 1a shows a cross-section of a bast plant stem, whereby the cutting surface Z essentially runs centrally through the wood body 9. The wood body 9 is connected with the bast bark 3c via the meristem tissue 11. It could also be said that, because of the arrangement, the wood body 9 is separated from the bast bark 3c via the meristem tissue 11. The bast plant stem 18 is protected externally by the outer skin 12 that is arranged around the bast bark 3c.

(18) FIG. 1b shows a bast plant stem 18 that is transported via the pair of rolling mills 20 along the longitudinal axis L in order to be divided essentially centrally into two stem parts 3 at the plant stem blade 19. The central division is not absolutely necessary, but is advantageous for the method, because both stem parts 3 can be treated in the same way.

(19) In the subsequent FIGS. 2 to 14, no reference is made to the outer skin 12. Instead, for reasons of simplification, only the bast bark 3c is referred to.

(20) FIG. 2 shows one of the stem parts 3 from FIG. 1b, which by using a top transport mean 1 and a bottom transport mean 2 fixates the stem part 3 with holding strength F1 or holding strength F2, while simultaneously moving along the longitudinal axis of the stem part, so that the stem part 3 can be arranged between bending points A and K. A represents an inner bending point and K an outer bending point during this.

(21) FIG. 3 shows bending and break of stem part 3, whereby the movable outer bending point K is vertical to the longitudinal axis L, in order to cause an open breakage area 4 at the bend and breakpoint A. After the break is completed, the outer bending point K has moved to position K. Involved here is a three-point bend, or a three-point break, whereby the top transport mean 1 functions as the outer bending point. In this way, the outer bending point K has moved relative to bending points A and M, whereby A and M could be static bending points. Alternatively, it is conceivable that two or even all three bending points A, K, and M will move.

(22) The undamaged bast bark 3c which contains the bast fibers is touching breakpoint A. The following FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 show the separation of both stem parts 3a and 3b from the undamaged bast bark 3c.

(23) FIGS. 4 and 5: The separation of the first wood breaking body 3a is only ensured because the previously fixed bending point A is transported due to the force Fs in the longitudinal direction of the second wood breaking body, and, simultaneously, moved essentially vertically to the first wood breaking body. In this way, bast bark 3c separates in breakage area 4 at end 14a so far that the separating agent J can be applied between bast bark 3c and the first wood breaking body. Now the separating agent J and the bending points A and K can be moved essential vertically to the longitudinal direction of the second wood breaking body, so that the bast bark 3c is peeled and the first wood breaking body 3a is removed from breaking point 4. This can be continued until the complete separation of the first wood breaking body 3a from the bast bark 3c.

(24) FIGS. 6 and 7 show the subsequent separation of bast bark 3c from the second wood breaking body 3b, in which a pair of rollers 5, 6 is used to move the fiber bast bark 3c vertically to the longitudinal direction of the second wood breaking body via an opposing rotation of rollers 5 and 6. In this way, in combination with the transport means 1 and 2, movement of the second wood breaking body 3b in its longitudinal direction L is caused, so that the separation happens simultaneously.

(25) FIG. 7 shows the separation of bast bark 3c from the second wood breaking body 3b in an advanced state.

(26) FIGS. 8 to 12 show a second embodiment of the method according to the invention buckling isolation in a three-point bend. The inner bending point K moves relative to the outer bending points A and B. During this, the inner bending point K touches the bast bark 3c and the outer bending points A and B touch the cutting surface of the cut wood body. The outer bending points A and B do not move, whereby the inner bending point K runs between bending points A and B.

(27) In a new position K of bending point K, stem part 3 breaks in the wood breaking bodies 3a and 3b while applying bending force F.sub.K. Afterwards, the bast bark 3c is driven onwards by the movement of the bending and breakpoint K, together with the two wood breaking bodies 3a and 3b, whereby the two wood breaking bodies 3a and 3b are guided by the stopping points S and T in combination with the bending points A and B.

(28) In a new position K, the movement continues until the bast bark 3c is positioned between the separating agents J and E, and simultaneously separating agents J and E are brought into position between the bast bark 3c as well as the first and second wood breaking bodies 3a and 3b. In this way, the isolation of the bast bark 3c is realized directly by a simple continuation of the bending and break movement.

(29) In FIG. 12, the separation movement is represented at an advanced stage. The break and bending point K is shifted so far that the bast bark 3c is almost evenly separated from the wood breaking bodies 3a and 3b. For complete separation, the movement of the bend and breakpoint K is continued.

(30) The arrangements of the design of the buckling isolation in FIGS. 2 to 12 can be realized by, for example, long bars in the shown bending points A and B, separating agents E and J, and stopping points S and T, whereby several stem parts 3 can be bent and broken in multiples per realized bend, or break. The stem part 3 is solely to be realized as multiples that are arranged parallel to one another, whereby the cut surfaces or gap surfaces must be oriented to the same side.

(31) FIG. 13 shows an alternative design of the method according to the invention, in which the bast plant stem 18 moves in longitudinal direction and, for example, is cut by a cutting element 23 with the blades 21 and 22 in point 24, and can thus be spliced open. The wood body 9 and the bast bark 3c are separated at the end into four parts during this method.

(32) FIG. 14 shows the peeling off of the bast bark 3c from an undivided bast plant stem 18, in which the pair of rollers 27 and 28 are used. Because of the catching and removing of the bast bark 3c, a movement of the wood body 9 in the direction of Rb is caused completely automatically, whereby the peeled-off wood body 9 is also ejected.

(33) In summary, the invention concerns an energy-efficient method, and a device for isolating bast bark 3c and wood body 9 from a bast plant stem 18, or from a number of bast plant stems 18, as well as isolated bast bark 3 and wood body 9. The resulting products have a higher quality than those from bast fibers or shives according to the prior art. It is suggested that the bast bark 3c is separated along the meristem tissue 11 using a tensile force Fz along the bast fibers of wood body 9 running in bast bark 3c, or at least of a constituent part 3a or 3b of wood body 9. In this way, synergies are created, both during the isolation and during the exploitation of the raw materials bast bark 3c and wood body 9. Besides these bast bark products, the associated bast fiber products also have advantageous properties.

DESIGNATION LIST

(34) A Bending point B Bending point D.sub.1 Direction of rotation D.sub.2 Opposing direction of rotation E Separating agent F.sub.1 Holding strength F.sub.2 Holding strength F.sub.B Bending force F.sub.K Bending force F.sub.S Force in longitudinal direction F.sub.Z Tensile force J Separating agent K Breakpoint, bending point L Longitudinal axis M Bending point R.sub.B Movement direction S Stopping point T Stopping point Z Cutting surface 1 Transport belt, top 2 Transport belt, bottom 3 Stem part 3a First wood breaking body 3b Second wood breaking body 3c Bast bark 4 Breakage area 5 Roller 6 Roller 9 Wood body 11 Meristem tissue 12 Outer skin 13a End 13b End 14a End 14b End 18 Bast plant stem 18a First end 18b Second end 19 Stem blade 20 Pair of rolling mills 21,22 Blades 23 Cutting point 24 Point 27 Pair of rollers 28 Pair of rollers