Fluid ferfereh

Abstract

In this device, the nozzles that often used in order to make a linear motion, so they can be helpful in rotating the disc if they are placed at the external ring of disc. In addition, in this case, apart from generating electricity from the discharging fluid of the nozzle by ionization method, the kinetic energy of the discharging fluid can be used for rotating the disc as well.

Claims

1. A device defining a fixed impeller ferfereh comprising: a casing defining a cavity extending between a fluid inlet of said ferfereh and a fluid outlet of said ferfereh; a shaft positioned within said casing and defining a centerline axis, said shaft rotatably coupled to a rotary equipment; a plurality of stationary vanes coupled to said casing, adjacent said vanes forming a pair and oriented such that a flow channel is defined between each said pair of adjacent vanes, said flow channel extending between an inlet surface and an outlet surface; an impeller coupled to said vanes wherein said casing, said stationary vanes and said impeller made of or covered with non-electrical conductor material; a fluid; a seeding assembly; a magneto hydrodynamic accelerator assembly comprising a magnetic field and a plurality of electrical conductor plates coupled to each side of said vanes and said plates connected to a positive or a negative pole; a disk coupled to said shaft; a ring coupled to said disk comprising an upstream surface and a downstream surface; a plurality of nozzles that coupled to said ring and positioned between said upstream surface of said ring and said downstream surface of said ring, said nozzles comprising an inlet surface and an outlet surface; a magneto hydrodynamic generator assembly coupled to said ring comprising a plurality of electrical conductive plates defining electrodes, coupled to said ring and said electrodes connected to an electrical circuit; a cover coupled to said ring.

2. The fixed impeller ferfereh system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: a combustion chamber assembly coupled to said impeller upstream said flow channel comprising an inlet surface, an outlet surface.

3. The fixed impeller ferfereh system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising: a compressor assembly coupled to said shaft; a combustion chamber assembly coupled to said impeller upstream said flow channel comprising an inlet surface, an outlet surface; a plurality of gas turbines, at least one stage of gas turbines coupled to said ring between said ring upstream surface and said nozzle inlet.

4. A fixed impeller ferfereh system comprising: a casing defining a cavity extending between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a shaft positioned within said casing and defining a centerline axis, said shaft rotatably coupled to a rotary equipment; a plurality of stationary vanes coupled to said casing, adjacent said vanes forming a pair and oriented such that a flow channel is defined between each said pair of adjacent vanes, said flow channel extending between an inlet opening and an outlet opening; an impeller coupled to said vanes; a combustion chamber assembly coupled to said impeller next to said flow channel comprising an inlet surface, an outlet surface and a plurality of stationary blades coupled to said impeller next to said combustion chamber; a disk coupled to said shaft; a ring coupled to said disk comprising an upstream surface and a downstream surface; a plurality of nozzles that coupled to said ring between said upstream surface and said downstream surface of said ring, said nozzles comprising an inlet surface, an outlet surface; a cover coupled to said ring.

5. The fixed impeller ferfereh system in accordance with claim 4, further comprising: a plurality of stationary blades coupled to said impeller between said combustion chamber downstream surface and said ring upstream surface; a plurality of gas turbines, at least one stage of gas turbines coupled to said ring between said ring upstream surface and said nozzle inlet.

6. The fixed impeller ferfereh system in accordance with claim 4, further comprising: a conductive fluid; a magnetic field; a magneto hydrodynamic generator assembly coupled to said ring comprising a plurality of electrical conductive plates defining electrodes, coupled to said ring and said electrodes connected to an electrical circuit.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

(1) FIG. 1: Three stages of reaction turbine with overall fluid pressures and absolute velocities;

(2) FIG. 2: Pressure distribution along the nozzle in different back pressure;

(3) FIG. 3: MHD generator Faraday linear nozzle with segmented electrodes;

(4) FIG. 4: MHD current flow with segmented electrodes;

(5) FIG. 5: Diagram of a disk MHD generator showing current flows;

(6) FIG. 6: is a schematic view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh system;

(7) FIG. 7: is a cross-sectional view of the fixed-impeller Ferfereh;

(8) FIG. 8: is a perspective view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh;

(9) FIG. 9: is an exploded view of the fixed-impeller Ferfereh shown in FIG. 8;

(10) FIG. 10: is a perspective view of a flow channel;

(11) FIG. 11: is a schematic view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh system with MHD assembly;

(12) FIG. 12: is a cross-sectional of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh with MI-ID assembly shown in FIG. 11;

(13) FIG. 13: is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh with combustion chamber;

(14) FIG. 14: is a perspective view of a a fixed-impeller Ferfereh with combustion chamber;

(15) FIG. 15: Comparison of Non-axial fixed-impeller Ferfereh and fixed-impeller axial Ferfereh;

(16) FIG. 16: Components of velocity vector in the Non-axial fixed-impeller Ferfereh;

(17) FIG. 17: Components of velocity vector in the axial fixed-impeller Ferfereh.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS AND PARTS

(18) FIG. 1: Three stages of reaction turbine with overall fluid pressures and absolute velocities. This figure is composed of: 1) Rotor blades 2) Stationary blades

(19) FIG. 2: Pressure distribution along the nozzle in different back pressure. This figure is composed of: 3) Throat of nozzle 4) Outlet of nozzle

(20) FIG. 3: MHD generator Faraday linear nozzle with segmented electrodes. This figure is composed of: 3) Throat of nozzle 4) Outlet of nozzle 9) Segmented electrodes 6) Solenoids 8) Inlet of nozzle

(21) FIG. 4: MHD current flow with segmented electrodes. This figure is composed of: 9) Electrodes 10) Faraday current 11) Hall effect current 12) Resultant MHD current 13) External current links

(22) FIG. 5: Diagram of a disk MHD generator showing current flows. This figure is composed of: 14) Inlet 15) Outlet 16) inner electrodes 17) Outer electrodes 18) Hall current 19) Faraday electromotive force direction B) Magnetic field

(23) FIG. 6: is a schematic view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh system. This figure is composed of: 100) Fix impeller ferfereh 102) Fluid inlet of the fix impeller ferfereh 108) Fluid outlet of the ferfereh 110) Casing 112) Shaft 114) Rotary equipment 116) Centerline axis 130) Nozzle 172) Fix impeller and magneto hydrodynamic accelerator and seeding assembly 174) Magneto hydrodynamic generator assembly

(24) FIG. 7: is a cross-sectional view of the fixed-impeller Ferfereh. This figure is composed of: 4) Outlet surface of the nozzle 8) Inlet surface of the nozzle 102) fluid inlet of the fix impeller ferfereh 108) fluid outlet of the ferfereh 110) Casing 112) Shaft 116) Centerline axis 118) Stationaiy vanes 120) Impeller 122) Ring 124) Cover of the ring 126) Disk 128) Path of the fluid 130) Nozzle 132) Gas seal 136) Inlet surface of the flow channel 138) Outlet surface of the flow channel 148) Upstream surface of the ring 150) Downstream surface of the ring 156) Segmented electrodes 158) Electrical conductor plates 160) Conductive ring coupled to the casing 162) Slip joint between conductive ring and electrodes 164) Electrical circuit 178) Seeding assembly

(25) FIG. 8: is a perspective view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh. This figure is composed of: 110) Casing 112) Shaft 118) Stationary vanes 120) Impeller 122) Ring 124) Cover of the ring

(26) FIG. 9: is an exploded view of the fixed-impeller Ferfereh shown in FIG. 8. This figure is composed of: 110) Casing 112) Shaft 118) Stationary vanes 120) Impeller 122) Ring 124) Cover of the ring 126) Disk 130) Nozzle

(27) FIG. 10: is a perspective view of a flow channel. This figure is composed of: 134) Flow channel 136) Inlet surface of the flow channel 138) Outlet surface of the flow channel

(28) FIG. 11: is a schematic view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh system with MHD assembly. This figure is composed of: 100) Fix impeller ferfereh 102) Fluid inlet of the fix impeller ferfereh 108) Fluid outlet of the ferfereh 110) Casing 112) Shaft 114) Rotary equipment 116) Centerline axis 130) Nozzle 168) Compressor section 170) Heat source section 172) Fix impeller and magneto hydrodynamic accelerator and seeding assembly 174) Magneto hydrodynamic generator assembly

(29) FIG. 12: is a cross-sectional of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh with MHD assembly shown in FIG. 11. This figure is composed of: 1) Rotor turbine blades 102) Fluid inlet of the fix impeller ferfereh 108) Fluid outlet of the ferfereh 110) Casing 112) Shaft 116) Centerline axis 118) Stationary vanes 120) Impeller 124) Cover of the ring 126) Disk 128) Path of the fluid 130) Nozzle 132) Gas seal 136) Inlet surface of the flow channel 138) Outlet surface of the flow channel 140) Combustion chamber assembly 142) Upstream surface of the combustion chamber 144) Downstream surface of the combustion chamber 158) Electrical conductor plates 160) Conductive ring coupled to the casing 162) Slip joint between conductive ring and electrodes 164) Electrical circuit 176) Axial compressor 178) Seeding assembly B) Magnetic field

(30) FIG. 13: is a cross-sectional view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh with combustion chamber. This figure is composed of 1) Rotor turbine blades 2) Stationary turbine blades 102) Fluid inlet of the fix impeller ferfereh 108) Fluid outlet of the ferfereh 110) Casing 112) Shaft 116) Centerline axis 118) Stationary vanes 120) Impeller 122) Ring 124) Cover of the ring 126) Disk 128) Path of the fluid 130) Nozzle 132) Gas seal 136) inlet surface of the flow channel 138) outlet surface of the flow channel 140) Combustion chamber assembly 142) Upstream surface of the combustion chamber 144) Downstream surface of the combustion chamber 160) Conductive ring coupled to the casing 162) Slip joint between conductive ring and electrodes

(31) FIG. 14: is a perspective view of a fixed-impeller Ferfereh with combustion chamber. This figure is composed of: 1) Rotor turbine blades 2) Stationary turbine blades 110) Casing 112) Shaft 118) Stationary vanes 120) Impeller 122) Ring 124) Cover of the ring 130) Nozzle 140) Combustion chamber assembly 144) Downstream surface of the combustion chamber

(32) FIG. 15: Comparison of Non-axial fixed-impeller Ferfereh and fixed-impeller axial Ferfereh. This figure is composed of: 116) centerline axis 130) nozzle 182) V.sub.S=Relative velocity of the fluid at the nozzle outlet ) The angle of the flow velocity vector at the nozzle outlet with the axis of rotation.

(33) FIG. 16: Components of velocity vector in the Non-axial fixed-impeller Ferfereh. This figure is composed of: 182) Relative velocity of the fluid at the nozzle outlet 184) Absolute velocity of the fluid in the nozzle outlet 186) The velocity of the center of nozzle R) Space between the outlet plane center of the nozzle and the axis of rotation ) Angle of the flow velocity vector at the nozzle exit with radius.

(34) FIG. 17: Components of velocity vector in the axial fixed-impeller Ferfereh. This figure is composed of: 180) Relative coordinate system which is linked to the ring 182) Relative velocity of the fluid at the nozzle outlet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(35) The general components of an ordinary Ferfereh are shown in FIG. 6. Ferfereh is formed by a closed impeller in which a fluid with high pressure Pin enters the impeller parallel to the shaft, changes the direction perpendicular to the impeller's radius through the inner curve of the impeller and guide vanes, and then exits at high velocity through a converging-diverging nozzle mounted in the outer ring of the impeller. Therefore, the pressure (P.sub.out) at the nozzle outlet plane is much less than the inlet fluid pressure (P.sub.in) (the amount P.sub.in and P.sub.out must be considered in the design so that the fluid in the nozzle can be expanded isentropically). In the nozzle, the decrease of fluid pressure rapidly increases its velocity at the nozzle outlet.

(36) When the fluid velocity at the nozzle outlet reaches V.sub.s, (the relative velocity of a fluid against the nozzle outlet surface), it creates the reaction force F in the direction opposite to the fluid motion, whose value is equal to:
F={dot over (m)}V.sub.s

(37) By taking the cross product of the force and the distance R, (the distance from the center of the nozzle outlet to the axis of rotation), torque generated around the axis is obtained, which in turn causes the impeller to rotate about the axis (FIG. 15).
T=RF=F R sin

(38) In the Ferfereh, the machine's impeller is rotated, with an angular velocity about the axis of rotation, by the torque generated by the outflow of fluid, as a result of which the fluid is accelerated by a centrifugal force that is caused by rotation along the radius of the impeller. Fluid duct should be designed such that the increased velocity is converted into pressure increase.

(39) The resulting moment is used partly to rotate the impeller of Ferfereh, partly to rotate external axial compressor for producing an inlet high pressure fluid, and the rest (net torque of the Ferfereh) to rotate equipment such as generators, pumps, etc.

(40) A) Components of a Fixed Impeller Ferfereh

(41) As shown in FIG. 8, the main components of a fixed impeller Ferfereh are: Impeller Converging-diverging nozzles Casing Stationary vanes Shaft MHD system (optional, not shown in FIG. 8) and Heat source (not shown in FIG. 8).
B) Description of the Components of a Fixed Impeller Ferfereh:
B-1) Impeller:

(42) The main function of the impeller is to change the direction of inlet fluid flow from the axial to the radial direction. The vanes located on the impeller can be mounted on the impeller or etched in the manufacturing process of the impeller.

(43) The impeller should be designed so that: Minimum energy loss due to fluid friction occurs.
B-2) Converging-Diverging Nozzles:

(44) In nozzles, the fluid pressure from inlet pressure Pin is isentropically lowered to the outlet pressure P.sub.out, so that it causes an increase in the fluid velocity at the nozzle outlet plane. This increase results in a driving force in the opposite direction of the fluid motion, which in turn will cause the impeller to rotate around the axis.

(45) The nozzles should be designed so that:

(46) At the working pressure range of Ferfereh, the nozzle fluid is isentropically expanded; on which no normal and oblique shock wave occur. As the efficiency of the Ferfereh is completely independent of nozzle efficiency, the nozzle should be designed so that it has the highest efficiency in the working pressure range of Ferfereh. It has a minimum length. High-velocity passage of fluid causes corrosion and erosion, which change the radius of the throat, which will reduce the efficiency of the nozzle and Ferfereh. So nozzles should be designed so that they are replaceable. To select materials consisting of a nozzle, in addition to the wear and corrosion resistance, a special attention should be paid to factors such as the fluid temperature, stresses caused by rotation, and pressure difference. Distance between two adjacent nozzles be enough that outlet fluid does not clash with next nozzle
B-3) Stationary Vanes:

(47) The function of stationary vanes is to guide the flow of fluid from the impeller inlet to the inlets of converging-diverging nozzles. They are responsible for the function of avoiding relative eddy currents between impeller vanes. In the Ferferehs that operate with high-temperature fluid, hollow stationary vanes can be used to pass a cooling fluid. Furthermore, the vanes should be designed so that, in addition to an energy loss due to fluid friction, the cross section of the fluid duct is such that fluid velocity would be the same in the whole path, and that an increase in fluid velocity due to centrifugal force is converted into increase of pressure.

(48) In the Ferferehs that MHD systems are designed to accelerate conductive fluid, the electrically insulated stationary vanes are used, on both sides of which electrically conductive metal plates (electrodes) are inserted and each electrode is separately connected to the positive or negative pole.

(49) B-4) Casing:

(50) It is responsible for separating fluid from the environment. Furthermore, some bearings are placed on the casing.

(51) B-6) Shaft:

(52) B-8) MHD Systems (Optional):

(53) If the fluid in Ferfereh is electrically conductive, the MHD system can be used to produce electricity or to accelerate a hot fluid in the path. The items listed above are described separately below:

(54) B-8-1) Generation of Electricity:

(55) Using a rectangular nozzle, electric current can be generated at the nozzle outlet. This method can be used for the Ferferehs wherein the heat source is placed before the nozzle inlets. In addition, in impeller, electricity can be generated using electrically conductive fluid by connecting the ring electrodes of various radial to the inner side of the casing and creating a suitable magnetic field in the axial direction. Of course, for low speed of fluid in impeller, this method is not useful (for more information refer to MHD disk generator).

(56) B-8-2) Acceleration of Conductive Fluid (FIG. 7):

(57) In the Ferferehs that conductive fluid passes through an impeller, conductive fluid can be accelerated in a duct from inlet to outlet of an impeller using the electrically insulated stationary vanes and plates (as electrodes) that are placed on both outer sides of stationary vanes and by connecting the electrodes to positive and negative poles of a DC power source. The electrodes can be connected to positive and negative poles of a DC power source using the hollow bar shaft and special cables (FIG. 7). If a magnetic field is applied in the axial direction, and electric field perpendicular to two electrodes connected to the stationary vanes, then the fluid is accelerated along the fluid duct, according to the right-hand rule.

(58) B-8-3) Combinations of the Above Methods:

(59) In the Ferferehs that the fluid from the impeller inlet to nozzle outlets is electrically conductive; with MHD method can generate electricity, at the nozzles, which can use this electricity to accelerate electrically conductive fluid in the impeller duct of the Ferfereh. Stationary vanes and fluid duct cross-section in the impeller should be so designed that the increased velocity is converted into increase of pressure. Magnetic nozzles have also been proposed for some types of propulsion, in which the flow of plasma is directed by magnetic fields instead of walls made of solid matter.

(60) It should be noted that the fluid passes through a converging-diverging nozzle in regular MHD generators, in which only electrical energy caused by the ionization of electrically conductive fluid is used and the kinetic energy of high velocity fluid exhaust from the nozzle is ignored (in MHD power plant); while a Ferfereh is allowed to use the kinetic energy of the high velocity exhaust of fluid, as well as the electrical energy caused by the ionization of electrically conductive fluid in motion. In addition, direct current (DC) is the electricity produced (if B be constant) and consumed by the MHD method, and peripheral devices are needed to convert it into alternating current.

(61) B-9) Heat Source:

(62) There are different types of heat source that can use for heating to fluid in Ferfereh such as: Heat source with fuel injection Heat source with radio frequency (RF) Heat source with nuclear energy and etc.

(63) If fluid is gaseous phase or two-phase liquid-gas, converging-diverging nozzles will be used.

(64) C) Classification of Ferferehs:

(65) Ferferehs can be categorized according to their impeller types or the direction of fluid discharging. We try to explain each in the following:

(66) C-1) Classification of Ferferehs According to their Impeller Types:

(67) C-1-1) Ferfereh with Fixed-Impeller:

(68) In this case, the fluid is compressed in a compressor and as a result its temperature and pressure will be increased. In the next step, the fluid enters the heat source (combustion chamber) and after receiving energy in a nearly constant pressure which leads to its temperature rise, pours into a Ferfereh with a fixed impeller. As shown in FIG. 12, the impeller redirects the flow of fluid from the axial to radial one.

(69) The heat source (combustion chamber) can be placed in the fixed impeller exit which is linked to it (FIG. 13). It's better to place the heat source (combustion chamber) in the entry of the impeller while using MHD system (FIG. 7, FIG. 12), but in the cases when it is not used, heat source prefer to be located in the exit of fixed-impeller (FIG. 13).

(70) In this kind of Ferfereh, because of the existence of a fixed impeller, there will be no increase in the temperature and pressure caused by the rotation of the impeller and only the fluid's direction will be changed. Then, the fluid enters into the rotating part of the impeller on which the convergent-divergent nozzles exist and gets out of them with high velocity.

(71) Advantages:

(72) There will be no hot fluid compression in the impeller. Its theoretical efficiency is much more than the ordinary Ferfereh. MHD system can be used for the acceleration of the conductive fluid in the impeller or for the power generation in nozzles and impellers.
Disadvantages: There is a possibility of the occurrence of normal or oblique shock wave in the border between the rotating and fixed parts. It's necessary to seal the boundary of rotating and fixed parts. It's necessary to protect the stationary vanes and the impeller in a high temperature.

(73) If use liquid in Ferfereh, convergent nozzles will be used and the heat source will be eliminated.

(74) C-1-2) Ferfereh with Fixed-Impeller and Turbine Stage (FIG. 12,14):

(75) In this case, the fluid is compressed in a compressor and as a result its temperature and pressure will be increased. In the next step, the fluid enters the heat source (combustion chamber) and after receiving energy in a nearly constant pressure which leads to its temperature rise, pours into a Ferfereh with a fixed impeller. As shown in FIG. 12, the impeller redirects the flow of fluid from the axial to radial one.

(76) The heat source (combustion chamber) can be placed in the fixed impeller existence which is linked to it. It's better to place the heat source (combustion chamber) in the entry of the impeller while using MHD system, but in the cases when it is not used, heat source prefer be located in the exit of fixed-impeller.

(77) In this kind of Ferfereh, because of the existence of a fixed impeller, there will be no increase in the temperature and pressure caused by the rotation of the impeller and only the fluid's direction will be changed. Then, the fluid enters into the rotating part of the impeller on which the convergent-divergent nozzles exist and gets out of them with high velocity. Not only the blades of the turbine convert the kinetic energy of the fluid to the mechanical energy, they also act as channels to set the entry direction of the fluid toward the nozzles.

(78) Advantages:

(79) There will be no hot fluid compression in the impeller. Its theoretical efficiency is much more than the ordinary Ferfereh. MHD system can be used for the acceleration of the conductive fluid in the impeller or for the power generation in nozzles and impellers.
Disadvantages: There is a possibility of the occurrence of normal or oblique shock waves in the border between the rotating and fixed parts. It's necessary to seal the boundary of rotating and fixed parts. It's necessary to protect the stationary vanes and the impeller in a high temperature.
C-2) Classification of Ferfereh Based on the Direction of Discharging Fluid:

(80) All the Ferferehs mentioned above are divided into two types of axial flow and non-axial flow according to the direction of discharging fluid (FIG. 14). In an axial Ferfereh the flow velocity vector in nozzle existence has a component in line with the axis direction and, while in a non-axial Ferfereh the flow velocity vector does not have any components in axis direction.

(81) C-2-1) Non-Axial Ferfereh:

(82) According to the FIG. 14-A, in these types of Ferferehs the direction of the flow velocity vector at the nozzle exit is perpendicular to the axis of rotation (=90) and it does not have any components along the axis. In this case, the purpose is to rotate rotary appliances such as a generator, pump, compressor, etc.

(83) The angle of the flow velocity vector at the nozzle exit with radius (angle ) is characterized in design. The Ferferehs with the angle ==90 (FIG. 15) have the highest theoretical efficiency. FIG. 15 is section view a-a in FIG. 14.

(84) C-2-2) Axial Ferfereh:

(85) According to the FIG. 14-B, in this type of Ferfereh the trajectory of the flow velocity vector at the nozzle exit makes the angle () with the axis of rotation which is less than 90. Given the fact that in Ferferehs the whole drop of enthalpy occurs in the nozzles and in plane engines we need the driving force in line with the axis. With use of this type of Ferfereh in which the flow velocity vector has components in the direction of the axis (FIG. 16) can be used in providing the necessary torque for rotating the compressor, also the reaction force component caused by the high velocity exit of the fluid in line with the axis leads to the propulsion of the plane.

(86) D) Usage of Ferfereh

(87) Ferferehs can be used like a turbine gas cycle separately; or in combined cycle that can use from heat of external fluid from gas Ferfereh to produce steam for steam cycle. Into Ferferehs which combustion take place in the nozzles entrance, for cooling internal gas to Ferfereh (from axial compressor) can preheat the feed water to the boiler.