Meter of a supply system and supply system

Abstract

The invention relates to a meter of a supply system, having at least one measuring module configured to measure at least one quantity parameter of a supply medium flowing through a supply channel. The meter includes at least one peer-to-peer module configured to communicate with a peer-to-peer application of a peer-to-peer network. The measuring module is configured to provide the measured quantity parameter of the supply medium to the peer-to-peer module via a communication connection arranged between the measuring module and the peer-to-peer module. The peer-to-peer module is configured to provide at least the measured quantity parameter to the peer-to-peer application.

Claims

1. A meter of a supply system, comprising: at least one measuring module configured to measure at least one quantity parameter of a supply medium flowing through a supply channel; wherein the meter comprises at least one peer-to-peer module configured to communicate with a peer-to-peer application of a peer-to-peer network, wherein the measuring module is configured to provide the measured quantity parameter of the supply medium to the peer-to-peer module via a communication connection arranged between the measuring module and the peer-to-peer module, wherein the peer-to-peer module is configured to provide at least the measured quantity parameter to the peer-to-peer application, wherein the meter is associated with an entity, and the peer-to-peer module is configured to generate at least one request message and/or at least one acceptance message based on a supply medium plan created for said entity associated with the peer-to-peer module to cause the generation of a supply medium transaction agreement.

2. The meter according to claim 1, wherein the meter comprises a tamper-proof housing, and the measuring module and the peer-to-peer module are integrated in the housing.

3. The meter according to claim 1, wherein the at least one measuring module is selected from the group of electrical measuring module, a fluid measuring module or a heat measuring module.

4. The meter according to claim 1, wherein the communication connection between the measuring module and the peer-to-peer module is a wired communication connection, and/or the communication connection between the measuring module and the peer-to-peer module is an unidirectional communication connection from the measuring module to the peer-to-peer module.

5. The meter according to claim 1, wherein the meter is associated with a first entity, and the peer-to-peer module is configured to cause a generation of a supply medium transaction agreement about the exchange of a supply medium between the first entity and a further entity by the peer-to-peer application.

6. The meter according to claim 1, wherein the peer-to-peer network is formed by a plurality of computer nodes, and the peer-to-peer module is only configured to communicate with the plurality of computer nodes.

7. The meter according to claim 1, wherein the peer-to-peer network is formed by a plurality of computer nodes, and the peer-to-peer module is one of the computer nodes.

8. The meter according to claim 1, wherein a request message comprises a supply medium quantity parameter, time period and/or at least one transaction criterion, and/or an acceptance message comprises a supply medium quantity parameter, time period, and/or at least one transaction criterion.

9. The meter according to claim 5, wherein the peer-to-peer module is configured to cause a generation of a transaction criterion transaction based on a transaction criterion specified in the supply medium transaction agreement and the measured quantity parameter.

10. The meter according to claim 6, wherein the peer-to-peer module is configured to cause a generation of a transaction criterion transaction based on a transaction criterion specified in the supply medium transaction agreement and the measured quantity parameter.

11. The meter according to claim 7, wherein the peer-to-peer module is configured to cause a generation of a transaction criterion transaction based on a transaction criterion specified in the supply medium transaction agreement and the measured quantity parameter.

12. The meter according to claim 1, wherein the peer-to-peer module is further configured to communicate with at least one further meter via a wired connection or wireless connection.

13. A supply system, comprising: at least one meter according to claim 1, at least one supply channel configured to transport at least one supply medium, at least one peer-to-peer network configured to provide a peer-to-peer application, and wherein at least a subset of the computer nodes of the peer-to-peer network is configured to monitor the correctness of the provided quantity parameter.

14. The supply system according to claim 13, wherein the peer-to-peer application is a decentralized register, and the decentralized register is readable at least by a part of the participants of the peer-to-peer network.

15. The supply system according to claim 13, wherein the peer-to-peer application comprises encryption means and/or signature means and/or verification means, wherein at least one of the encryption means and/or signature means and/or verification means is configured to store at least the provided quantity parameter.

16. The supply system according to claim 13, wherein the peer-to-peer application is a blockchain or decentral ledger comprising at least two blocks coupled to each other.

17. The supply system according to claim 13, wherein the supply system comprises a further meter having at least one communication module configured to communicate with the peer-to-peer module via a wired connection or wireless connection.

18. A method for operating a meter of a supply system, wherein the meter comprises at least one measuring module and at least one peer-to-peer module, the method comprising: measuring at least one quantity parameter of a supply medium by the measuring module, transmitting the at least one quantity parameter from the measuring module to the peer-to-peer module via a communication connection arranged between the measuring module and the peer-to-peer module, providing at least the measured quantity parameter to a peer-to-peer application of a peer-to-peer network by the peer-to-peer module, wherein the meter is associated with an entity, and generating at least one request message and/or at least one acceptance message by the peer-to-peer module based on a supply medium plan created for said entity associated with the peer-to-peer module to cause the generation of a supply medium transaction agreement.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

[0060] In the figures show:

[0061] FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a supply system according to prior art;

[0062] FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a meter according to the present invention;

[0063] FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an entity comprising an embodiment of a meter according to the present invention;

[0064] FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a peer-to-peer application according to the present invention;

[0065] FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a supply system according to the present invention;

[0066] FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a supply system according to the present invention;

[0067] FIG. 7 shows a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present invention;

[0068] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a further embodiment of a method according to the present invention;

[0069] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a further embodiment of a method according to the present invention;

[0070] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a further embodiment of a method according to the present invention; and

[0071] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a further embodiment of a method according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0072] Like reference numerals in different figures indicate like elements.

[0073] FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a meter 204 according to the present invention. The depicted meter 204 is integrated in an embodiment of a system 200 of the present invention. The meter 204 comprises a housing 205. The housing 205 can be a secure housing 205. The secure or tamper-proof housing 205 is a housing 205 which at least prevents a (manual) manipulation of the meter 204.

[0074] In the housing 205, two modules 209 and 220 are integrated. In other words, the housing 205 encloses the modules 209 and 220. In particular, a first module 209 is a measuring module 209 arranged for measuring a quantity parameter of a supply medium flowing through supply channel 210. The supply channel 210, preferably a house connection 210, is configured to transport a supply medium, such as electric current, natural gas, water, etc. For instance, the supply channel 210 is a pipe 210 or an energy cable 210.

[0075] The measuring module 209 comprises means for measuring at least one quantity parameter. For instance, an electrical measuring module 209 can comprise means for measuring the current and/or power flowing through the electrical cable 210. The electrical measuring module 209 can (continuously) measure the instantaneous voltage (volts) and current (amperes) to give energy used or delivered.

[0076] Furthermore, a fluid measuring module 209, such as a water measuring module 209 or a gas measuring module 209, can be configured to measure the volumetric flow rate, i.e. the volume of fluid (e.g. gas or water) which passes the pipe 210 per unit time. A heat measuring unit 209 can be configured to measure the quantity of water, e.g. the volumetric flow rate, and the flow temperature and return flow temperature. Based on the difference of the measured temperatures and the quantity of water, the delivered or received energy amount can be determined by the heat measuring module 209. Also these measuring modules 209 can preferably measure the respective quantity parameters in a continuous way.

[0077] The measuring module 209 has a communication connection 207, such as a wired connection 207, to a peer-to-peer module 220. Preferably, the communication connection 207 is an unidirectional connection 207 from the measuring module 209 to the peer-to-peer module 220. The measuring module 209 transmits the measured data and e.g. meter status information to the peer-to-peer module 220. For instance, the data can be transmitted at predetermined time points or in a continuous manner.

[0078] A further difference between the embodiment of the FIG. 1 and the embodiment in FIG. 2 is that the system 200 does not comprise a central server. The present system comprises a peer-to-peer network 222, in particular, a computer-to-computer network. The peer-to-peer module 220 comprises an interface to the peer-to-peer network 222.

[0079] The peer-to-peer network 222 includes a plurality of nodes 226.1 to 226.3 and computers 226.1 to 226.3, respectively. A peer-to-peer network 222 is characterized herein by the fact that preferably each node and/or participant is connected to every other node and/or participants. In addition, the computers have equal rights, which distinguish them from a server-client structure. In other words, the peers are equally privileged. Thereby, peers of a cluster can be equally privileged.

[0080] The illustrated three nodes 226.1 to 226.3, for example, computers 226.1 to 226.3 comprise (in each case) a peer-to-peer application 224. As can be seen from FIG. 2, on each node 226.1 to 226.3 the same peer-to-peer application 224 is implemented. Preferably, the peer-to-peer application 224 may be a public register, which is in particular readable by all participants (not only the nodes) of the peer-to-peer network 222. Each node 226.1 to 226.3 comprises preferably the (entire) public register 224 or permissioned and/or private register 224. Also it may be provided that on one node only a part of the register is provided. In a particularly preferred embodiment the peer-to-peer application 224 may be a block chain 224.

[0081] Further, the peer-to-peer module 220 is adapted to communicate with the peer-to-peer network 222. In other words, peer-to-peer module 220 is at least a participant in the peer-to-peer network 222. Each participant of the peer-to-peer network 222 may know preferably all participants (e.g. the respective addresses) of the peer-to-peer network 222.

[0082] In the present case, the peer-to-peer module 220 is only configured to communicate with the peer-to-peer network 222. In other words, the peer-to-peer module 220 is only a participant (and not a node) of the peer-to-peer network 222. The peer-to-peer module 220 is configured to provide the measured quantity parameter to the peer-to-peer application 224. This enables the peer-to peer network 222 to check whether a previously generated supply medium transaction agreement between two entities has been fulfilled. For this purpose, a peer-to-peer module 220 can communicate with the peer-to-peer application 224 to cause the generation of a supply medium transaction agreement. Subsequently, in accordance with the generated agreement the supply medium, like electric current or electric power, water, such as fresh water or wastewater, gaseous media, such as natural gas or similar (combustible) gas, heat, for example in the form of hot air, and/or cold, are transmitted e.g. in the form of cold air. The actual exchanged quantity of supply medium is measured by the meter 204 and communicated to the peer-to-peer application 224 by the meter 204. Since measuring module 209 and peer-to-peer module 220 are integrated in the meter 204 in a tamper-proof manner, manipulations of the quantity parameters can be at least reduced. Further, the measured quantity parameters are checked by preferably the total peer-to-peer network.

[0083] An embodiment of a peer-to-peer application according to the invention and the operation of an embodiment of the meter and supply system are hereinafter explained in more detail.

[0084] For a better illustration, the following embodiments relate to a supply system in the form of an electrical power grid. However, the invention is not limited thereto. In particular, the following description can be transferred to other supply systems or networks, such as gas supply networks, water supply networks or district heating networks.

[0085] FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an entity 306 according to the present invention, wherein the entity 306 comprises an embodiment of a meter 304 according to the present invention.

[0086] The entity 306 may be a building 306 or household 306. The entity 306 is connected to a supply channel network 302 through a terminal 310 in form of a supply channel 310. The supply channel network 302 may be an electric power grid comprising electric power lines, transformers, etc.

[0087] Moreover, in the present embodiment, an internal electrical network 332 of entity 306 is connected via the connection 310 with the public or private power grid 302.

[0088] Exemplarily two electrical consumers 312.1, 312.2 are connected to the internal electrical network 332. Exemplary and non-exhaustive electrical consumers 312.1, 312.2 are refrigerators, lighting equipment, televisions, computers, washing machines, kitchen appliances, etc. It shall be understood that an entity 306 can comprise more than two electrical consumers.

[0089] In addition to the electrical loads 312.1, 312.2, in the present case the entity 306 comprises an electrical generator 314 in the form of a photovoltaic device 314. It shall be understood that alternatively or additionally other electrical generators, like a micro-CHP (combined heat and power), (small) wind turbines, etc., can be provided. The electrical power delivered by the generator 314 can be consumed by loads 312.1, 312.2, stored in an electrical energy storage device 330, such as a battery 330, and/or fed into the power grid 302.

[0090] As can be further seen, a meter 304 is connected to the electrical circuit 332. The meter can be preferably arranged at the house connection 310. The meter 304 comprises two measuring modules 309.1, 309.2 wherein each of the measuring modules 309.1, 309.2 can be configured to measure the amount of power received from the grid 302 and the amount of power fed into the grid 302.

[0091] The advantage of two measuring modules 309.1, 309.2 is, in particular, that the entity 306 can generate a (fundamental) supply medium transaction agreement with a central authority, such as a central server of a network operator, and individual supply medium transaction agreements with other entities by means of the peer-to-peer module and the peer-to-peer network. To be able to uniquely assign the respective power flow or current flow to a particular supply medium transaction agreement, a first measuring module 309.1 can, for example, measure the total amount and the at least one further measuring module 309.2 can measure the amount of flowing power during periods for which individual supply medium transaction agreements have been made. Then, by computing operations a clear assignment of a delivered or received and measured amount of power can be assigned to the different supply medium transaction agreements.

[0092] It shall be understood that further meters may be provided to individually determine, for example, the consumption of particular consumers or the power produced by a particular generator.

[0093] The meter 306 also includes a peer-to-peer module 320. The peer-to-peer module 320 may be, for example, at least a part of a computing device, such as a computer. In particular, the peer-to-peer module 320 can be at least partially formed by a software module and/or at least partially formed by hardware module.

[0094] The peer-to-peer module 320 has, in particular, a communication interface to communicate with the peer-to-peer network via a communication link 336 (bi-directional). Further, the peer-to-peer module 320 comprising a processing unit is at least configured to generate compatible peer-to-peer application messages. Moreover, the peer-to-peer module 320 has at least one further data input. In particular, the peer-to-peer module 320 has a communication connection 307 to the respective measuring modules 309.1, 309.2. Furthermore, data can be received via a communication network 335, wherein the data can be provided by external data sources, such as weather data sources, etc. The peer-to-peer module 320 may have further interfaces to other devices. In particular, user interfaces, such as a screen and/or input means may be provided with the meter 304. In addition, a (not depicted) home automation controller can be provided. The home automation controller can be configured to communicate with the peer-to-peer application. The home automation controller can comprise further interfaces to other devices, such as display devices, configured to visualize at least the meter data of meter 304 preferably received via the peer-to-peer application. A more detailed description of the operation of the peer-to-peer module 320 is carried out subsequently.

[0095] It shall also be noted that in an advantageous embodiment data, such as weather forecasts and/or market data, can be made available to each peer by a so-called feed of the peer-to-peer application. For example, the participants of a peer-to-peer network may have agreed on one or more weather information provider. In this case, the at least one weather data source can transmit weather forecast data to the peer-to-peer application. The weather source may have been validated by at least one part of the peers of the peer-to-peer network. Preferably, for each participant the same weather information is available by means of the peer-to-peer application.

[0096] Optionally, the entity 306 can comprise at least one further meter 305.1, 30.5.2. In the present embodiment, two further meters 305.1, 30.5.2 are provided. It shall be understood that in other variants, there might be three or more further meters or only one further meter.

[0097] The further meters 305.1, 305.2 can also be denoted as secondary meters 305.1, 30.5.2 while the meter 304 can be denoted as the primary meter 304. As can be seen, the secondary meters 305.1, 305.2 are each connected with the primary meter 304 by a secure and wired connection 315. In particular, each secondary meter 305.1, 305.2 can comprise a communication module 313.1, 313.2 connectable to the peer-to-peer module 320 via connection 315. Furthermore, each secondary meter 305.1, 305.2 can comprise at least one measuring module 311.1, 311.2. Each of the measuring modules 311.1, 311.2 is connectable to the respective communication module 313.1, 313.2 via a secure connection 317.1, 317.2.

[0098] By way of example, the first secondary meter 305.1 can be a gas meter. In order to provide the measured gas values (e.g. the consumed gas amount) to a respective peer-to-peer application of a respective peer-to-peer network (which might be another or the same peer-to-peer network than/as the peer-to-peer network for handling the meter data of meter 304) the further meter data are transmitted by the communication module to the respective peer-to-peer application via the peer-to-peer module 320 of the primary meter 304. The peer-to-peer module 320 can comprise an additional decentral application configured to provide the respective data via an API to the respective peer-to-peer application. The second secondary meter 305.2 can be a water meter 305.2. The functioning of the secondary meter 305.2 is similar to the already described functioning of the first secondary meter 305.1.

[0099] Furthermore, FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a peer-to-peer application 424 according to the present invention. The peer-to-peer application 424 is a register readable in particular by the participants of the peer-to-peer network 424. Thereby, messages can be written and/or read into/from the register by a peer-to-peer module of a meter, an entity and/or any other participants in the peer-to-peer network. In a preferred embodiment, the peer-to-peer application 424 may be a block chain 424.

[0100] Hereinafter, it is assumed in the following description of the present embodiment that the peer-to-peer application 424 is a block chain 424. However, the following remarks can be easily transferred to other peer-to-peer applications.

[0101] The block chain 424 is formed by at least one block 446 to 450, preferably by a plurality of interconnected blocks 446 to 450. The first block 446 may also be called genesis block 446. As can be seen, a block 448, 450 (except for the first block) refers to each previous block 446, 448. A new block can be created by a computationally intensive process (for example, so-called mining or through another appropriate process) and will be particularly provided to all participants of the peer-to-peer network.

[0102] The present block chain 424 is particularly adapted to receive messages from a peer-to-peer module of a meter or from another peer-to-peer device of another participant of the peer-to-peer network and to save this message in the block chain 424. In particular, a new message in the current block 450 of the block chain 424 can be saved and published. Due to the configuration of a block chain 424 as a public register 424, the message of peer-to-peer module of a meter can be read by preferably all participants of the peer-to-peer network.

[0103] In the present block chain 424 different types of messages, for example, within a smart contract (algorithm and/or storage at the block chain) can be processed and/or stored. Preferably, the message 452 comprises the quantity of a supply medium, such as electrical power, consumed or delivered by an entity and measured by a meter of the entity per time unit.

[0104] Another message 454 can be a request message 454. A request message 454 is characterized in that it can include the following data: [0105] Quantity specification: amount of supply medium, which is desired by an entity or made available [0106] Time indication: future period, at which the desired supply amount is desired or provided [0107] Transaction criterion: criterion that must be met by another entity to complete a supply medium transaction agreement about the specified amount and period

[0108] It shall be understood that other transaction criteria can be defined. More information can be, for example, a time stamp, a signature of the sender of the message, a message ID of the transaction and other criteria, such as an indication of the desired production or consumption type, distance to the entity, meter status information, etc.

[0109] Another message 456 may be an acceptance message 456. An acceptance message 456 may comprise identical or at least similar data details as compared with a request message 454. Additionally, the acceptance message 456 can comprise a reference indication to a previous request, such as the ID of the request message 454. For example, it can be listed in an acceptance message 456 in relation to a request message 454 that a certain and desired amount of supply medium can be delivered for the future period in accordance with the transaction criterion. The amount may be a sub-amount of the requested quantity. The specified time may also be a part-time or sub-time. It can also be given a lower/higher transaction criterion.

[0110] If an acceptance message 456 includes only a sub-quantity of the requested quantity, a part-time indication and/or a lower, higher or other transaction criterion, the acceptance message 456 can be called a counter-offer message. This can be accepted by the first entity through an acceptance message. Based on this, the entity, e.g. the peer-to-peer module, may cause the generation of a supply medium transaction agreement.

[0111] In particular, there can be multiple request messages and/or accepting messages and/or messages comprising a delivered/consumed quantity parameter of a supply medium of a particular period. Each entity of a meter can give guidelines, according to which at least one supply medium transaction agreement can be generated. In a preferably automated, such as iterative process, each request message can be associated to an optimally corresponding acceptance message. The block chain 424 may also be configured to generate, based on the messages of a peer-to-peer module, a supply medium transaction agreement 458.

[0112] A supply medium transaction agreement 458 may be stored within a smart contract 458 in a block 450. A smart contract 458 may comprise computer program code. In the supply medium transaction agreement 458, in particular, the exchange or the delivery or receipt of a certain amount of supply medium for a certain time period and/or a transaction criterion as a given price, can be agreed between a first entity comprising a meter and another entity comprising a meter. For example, the first entity can cause the other entity by means of the block chain 424 to generate an agreement that the first entity supplies a certain amount X of electrical power for a period Tx (X kW/Tx h) to the other entity via the mains. Corresponding supply medium transaction agreements may be generated in other supply systems.

[0113] During the time Tx, the meters of the involved entities measures the power flow and transmits the actual exchanged amount X of power of the period Tx to the block chain 452, which saves the messages 454, e.g. X kW/Tx h (and additional data, such as transaction ID, entity ID, and the like). Preferably, each of the involved entities transmits the respective data via their associated meters to the block chain. The meter data stored in the block chain 424 can then be checked and verified by the peer-to-peer network, in particular, the participants of the peer-to-peer network.

[0114] After a positive verification of the meter data, an agreed transaction criterion transaction 460 can be generated and performed by means of the block chain 424. For instance, an agreed amount of a crypto currency can be transferred. Also this can be verified by the peer-to-peer network, in particular, the participants of the peer-to-peer network.

[0115] In particular, the peer-to-peer application 424 is configured to save the messages 452 to 460 in a tamper-proof manner. This is done essentially by the fact that through the entire peer-to-peer network, for example, a supply medium transaction agreement can be verified by the cumulative calculation power of the entire peer-to-peer network.

[0116] Preferably, at least the above-described messages, such as the supply medium transaction agreements and meter data messages, can be hashed together in pairs in a block of the block chain by a Merkle tree. In particular, only the last hash value, the so-called root hash, is noted as a checksum in the header of a block. Then, the block can be coupled with the previous block. Chaining of the blocks can be performed using this root hashes. Each block can include the hash of the entire previous block header in its header. This makes it possible to clearly define the order of the blocks. In addition, this may also prevent the subsequent modification of previous blocks and the messages stored in the previous blocks, since in particular the hashes of all subsequent blocks would have to be recalculated in a short time.

[0117] In the FIG. 5 a schematic view of another embodiment of a supply system 500, in particular an electrical supply system 500, is shown. The illustrated supply system 500 comprises seven entities 506, 508, 564 to 572. All entities 506, 508, 564 to 572 are connected or at least connectable to a supply channel network 502, in particular a power grid 502. In the present example, each entity 506, 508, 564 to 572 can comprise a meter, as described hereinbefore.

[0118] As can be further seen, the entities 506, 508, 564 to 572 and their respective (not shown) peer-to-peer modules of their meters form a peer-to-peer network 522 comprising a (not shown) peer-to-peer application, for example, the block chain 424 according to FIG. 4.

[0119] The first entity 506 may be a household 506, which comprises a plurality of electrical consumers. The first entity 506 may therefore be referred to as electrical consumer 506. The first entity 506 therefore has a need for the supply medium and may generate appropriate request and/or acceptance messages and transmit these messages to the peer-to-peer network 522. In addition, the entity 506 comprises a meter, as described above.

[0120] The further entity 508 may also be a household 508, in particular a prosumer 508. As a prosumer 508 the further entity 508 can deliver power to the power grid 502 and can also receive power from the power grid 502. The prosumer 508 can generate appropriate request and/or accepting messages and/or meter data by its meter and sent these messages to the peer-to-peer network 522.

[0121] The further entity 564 may be a decentral producer 564, such as a cogeneration unit 564. In other words, the entity 564 is adapted to feed power into the grid 502. This entity 564 might also comprise a meter and the meter can generate appropriate messages, as well as the following entities can comprise a meter as described above for generating appropriate messages.

[0122] Moreover, as an entity 566, an electrical storage 566 may be provided, such as a battery 566. The storage 566 may in particular be configured to temporarily store over power (due to excess capacity in the electricity grid 502) and to deliver again this power in the case of a power requirement. Further, an entity 568 may be an electrically powered machine 568, e.g. a (smart) electrical consumer 568, such as an IoT device. The entity 570 may be, for example, a company 570 with a variety of electrical consumers and/or with one or more producers. Finally, as an entity 572 a balancing entity 572 is provided, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0123] FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a supply system 600, in particular, an electrical supply system 600. Hereinafter, only the differences of the supply system 600 compared to the supply system 500 of FIG. 5 will be described. It should be noted that as entities 606.1 to 672.2 there may be provided the same, similar or other entities compared to the entities described above.

[0124] Unlike the previous example, two different types of peers or node computers 606.1, 664.1, 666.1 or 608.2, 668.2, 670.2 and 672.2 are presently illustrated. All peers 606.1 to 672.2 are comprised by the peer-to-peer network 622. In the present embodiment, however, only part of the peers 604.1 to 672.2, in the present case, the peers 604.1, 664.1, 666.1, check the validity of the data stored in the peer-to-peer application messages, such as the meter data or the supply medium transaction agreements. Furthermore, only a part of the entire peers can be configured to store the peer-to-peer application and/or only a part of the peers can be configured to execute the algorithms of a smart contract. Since the validation/verification of e.g. meter data requires a considerable computational effort, it may be advantageous for reasons of efficiency, if only a part of the peers 604.1, 664.1, 666.1, especially particularly powerful peers 604.1, 664.1, 666.1, perform the validation. Validation can be done on-chain or off-chain. Off-chain validation can be managed by the peer-to-peer application, like the code on the block chain. Powerful means in particular a high computing power. In other words, in the present case a valid entry in the peer-to-peer application, such as a block chain, is assumed if (only) a part of the peers 604.1, 664.1, 666.1 comes to a positive result. It shall be understood that only a single, especially particularly powerful peer can perform the validation process.

[0125] Similarly, in an alternative (not shown) embodiment a particularly large peer-to-peer network may be divided in two or more clusters. In a corresponding peer-to-peer network, for example, a validation will only be carried out by the members of one cluster.

[0126] FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a method according to the present invention. In a first step 701, at least one quantity parameter of a supply medium flowing through a supply channel, such as a house connection, is measured by a measuring module. The measuring module can be integrated in a meter. Preferably, the quantity parameter can be continuously measured.

[0127] The measured supply medium quantity parameter can be transmitted from the measuring module to the peer-to-peer module via a communication connection arranged between the measuring module and the peer-to-peer module in step 702. For instance, in order to reduce the data amount, the measuring module can be configured to accumulate the measured supply medium quantity for a particular time unit, such as 1 sec, 1 min, 15 min, 1 h, 1 day. Then, the measuring module can transmit the accumulated supply medium quantity for the particular time unit in form of a supply medium quantity parameter (e.g. X kw/15 min) to the peer-to-peer module. Thereby, the peer-to-peer module as well as the communication connection is also integrated in the meter.

[0128] In a next step 703, the measured quantity parameter is provided to a peer-to-peer application of a peer-to-peer network by the peer-to-peer module. This can be performed, as explained hereinbefore.

[0129] In the following figures, additional procedures are described which can be at least partially performed or triggered by a meter according to the present invention.

[0130] FIG. 8 shows a flow diagram of a method which can be in particular performed by a peer-to-peer application, such as the chain block 424 according to the FIG. 4.

[0131] In a first step 801, the peer-to-peer application receives a message, which refers to an exchange of a supply medium. Exemplary messages include meter data messages, request or acceptance messages, supply medium transaction agreement messages, transaction criterion transaction messages, etc. These are then reviewed by at least one part of the peers of a peer-to-peer network for plausibility, such as has been previously described.

[0132] In a next step 802 the received message is stored by the peer-to-peer application. Due to the special configuration of the peer-to-peer application and the peer-to-peer network, each participant can in particular read the message. In particular, only each authorized participants can read the messages. Then, the peer-to-peer network can verify the data of the message by the cumulative calculation power of preferably the entire peer-to-peer network (step 803). In the event that more messages can be written into the block, the process continues with step 801. In the event that no more messages can be written into the current block, the process continues with step 804. In step 804, a new block can be generated which can be chained to the previous block e.g. by a hash function. Then it can be continued to step 801.

[0133] FIG. 9 shows another flow diagram of an embodiment of a method that can be performed by a meter comprising a peer-to-peer module, wherein the meter can be associated with a particular entity.

[0134] In a first step 901, a supply medium plan of the entity associated with the meter is provided for a future period. For example, an appropriate supply medium plan can be created by the peer-to-peer module of the meter or received from another device of the entity, such as a home automation controller of a home automation system of the entity.

[0135] The creation of a supply medium plan can be based on historical data, user input and/or forecast data, such as weather data, market data, personal information, such as calendar data. For example, the measuring module of the at least one meter can transmit the measured quantity parameters to the peer-to-peer module. The peer-to-peer module can either create a supply medium plan on its own or transmit the measured quantity parameters to a further device, such as the home automation controller. An entity might comprise a plurality of meters wherein the respective quantity parameters can be processed by a main meter or another device, such as the home automation controller. In the following, it is assumed that the peer-to-peer module of the meter creates the plan.

[0136] The peer-to-peer module comprises processing means adapted to store the received quantity parameter in a memory unit. The quantity parameters can be particularly provided with a time stamp. For example, the measured consumption and/or production parameters can be provided with a date and/or time (period). Hereby, a course of the energy consumption/generation can be created. This history can then be used to generate the supply medium plan.

[0137] In particular, from this historical data and preferably additional forecast data, such as weather data, and/or user information, such as absenteeism, the supply medium plan for a future period, such as the next week, the next day, the next hour, etc., is created. Preferably, a supply medium plan can be created the day before for the next day, wherein the supply medium plan can be divided in a plurality of sub-areas (e.g. 15 min periods, i.e. 96 sub-areas).

[0138] In addition to the supply medium plan at least one transaction criterion can be especially specified for each sub-area. For example, two or more transaction criteria per sub-area can be specified, wherein the criteria can be a maximum and a minimum criterion, such as a maximum price and a minimum price. Such a specified range has the advantage that it can be flexible and simultaneously optimally respond to the request messages of another entity. The best offer from the perspective of the entity based on the self-imposed criteria can be determined and selected in particular in an automated, iterative process. Further transaction criteria can be specified such as the kind of producer, local proximity to the entity, etc.

[0139] Depending on the above parameters, a request message is preferably generated for each sub-area by the peer-to-peer module of the meter and transmitted to the peer-to-peer network in step 902. Alternatively or additionally, in step 903, the peer-to-peer module can read a request message of another entity stored in the peer-to-peer application and can generate and send an accepting message to such a request message based on the above parameters and the parameters of the read request message to the peer-to-peer network.

[0140] In a step 904 peer-to-peer module of the entity can effect generating a supply medium transaction agreement with another entity by means of peer-to-peer application, especially after an agreement with another entity. Preferably, a corresponding message from at least one of the entities can be transferred to the peer-to-peer network.

[0141] For verification of messages a public and/or private key can be used by the entities.

[0142] The described method of FIG. 9 can in particular be performed prior to sending meter data, as described in FIG. 7.

[0143] FIG. 10 shows a further diagram of another method according to the present invention. The following procedure will be exemplified explained by means of the supply system 500 according to FIG. 5.

[0144] In step 1001, preferably each entity 506, 508, 564-570 can generate a supply medium plan and associated transaction criteria. This can be done as set out above.

[0145] In a next step 1002, at least one entity 506, 508, 564-570 can cause the generation of a supply medium transaction agreement. Prior to this step, request and accepting messages can be exchanged by the involved entities. In particular, a plurality of individual supply medium transaction agreements are generated between the entities 506, 508, 564-570 by means of the peer-to-peer application and the exchange of messages with the peer-to-peer application. It may occur that after the step 1002 some requests of entities 506, 508, 564-570 could not be met. For example, at least one entity 506, 508, 564-570 may have still a need for the supply medium in one or more time sub-area/s. Alternatively or additionally, at least one entity 506, 508, 564-570 may comprise an excess of supply medium to be generated in one or more (different) sub-area/s of the future. This can occur, for example, due to volatile generators, such as wind turbines or photovoltaic devices.

[0146] Then, in a step 1003 it can therefore be provided that the at least one entity 506, 508, 564-570, which has open at least one at least not completely fulfilled request message, can generate a supply medium transaction agreement with the balancing entity 572 by means of the peer-to-peer application. A balancing entity 572 may in particular be adapted to compensate at any time for a lack of supply medium quantity and/or for a remove of an excess of supply medium quantity. For example, the balancing entity 572 may be a utility company, such as a power company, etc. Alternatively and preferably, the balancing entity 572 may be a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). In the present embodiment an electric power company with a plurality of, for example, conventional power plants and the possibility to forward power to entities that are not part of the peer-to-peer network 522 can be provided as the balancing entity 572. The balancing entity 572 therefore ensures particularly safe and stable operation of the power grid. Critical power states can be prevented. The capacity of the power system can be utilized optimally. Flexibilities can be better utilized.

[0147] As already described, preferably the supply medium transaction agreements are concluded/generated on the day before for the following day. Preferably, each entity 506, 508, 564-570 can perform a reconsideration of their own made prognosis/supply medium plan, in particular of individual sub-areas in a step 1004 at a later time point. For example, it may be provided that at least at one individually definable time point in front of a sub-area preferably each entity 504, 506, 564-570 verifies whether the planned demand/offer for this sub-area will actually be achieved. It shall be understood that after generating a supply medium transaction agreement an (almost) continuous monitoring can be carried out until the agreed start time.

[0148] If a deviation between a planned supply medium quantity and a currently forecasted supply medium amount for a particular sub-area is determined, for example due to weather changes and/or user actions, the entity 506, 508, 564-570, at step 905, can cause the generation of a further supply medium transaction agreement with another entity 506, 508, 564-570 by means of the peer-to-peer application. This is performed in particular due to the detected deviation. For example, if a producer and a consumer detect corresponding deviations, these entities may cause the generation of a corresponding supply medium transaction agreement. This allows ensuring the security of supply and/or grid stability in decentralized manner and, in particular, decentrally optimizing the use of decentralized plants and the network.

[0149] Here it should be noted that due to the inventive configuration of the peer-to-peer application, such as a block chain or decentral public ledger, a subsequent change a supply medium transaction agreement may not be possible, but a further supply medium transaction agreement can be generated if it is detected that a previous supply medium transaction agreement cannot be at least fully met.

[0150] In the event that in step 1005 requests of entities 506, 508, 564-570 could not be fulfilled, in step 1006, corresponding to step 1003, supply medium transaction agreement/s can be generated.

[0151] In the next step 1007, during the respective sub-areas set in a supply medium transaction agreement, preferably the respective meter of each entity 506, 508, 564-570 (continuously) considers whether the (currently measured) actual quantity parameter values of the supply medium meets the quantity parameter established in the supply medium transaction agreement. If a deviation is detected, for example, due to weather and/or market changes and/or user actions, in step 1008 this deviation can be compensated by (direct) generation of supply medium transaction agreements with other entities that have also detected a current deviation, and/or the deviation can be directly compensated by (direct) generation of supply medium transaction agreements with the balancing entity 572. A secure and stable operation of a supply network can be obtained decentrally.

[0152] FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of a method according to the present invention. In particular, the method can be performed when the exchange of the supply medium has already taken place in accordance with a supply medium transaction agreement.

[0153] Preferably, a meter associated with a first entity, in particular, the measuring module of the meter, can measure the quantity/amount of power during the time period Tx. E.g., the measuring module can measure electric power received from the power grid (X kW/Tx h) at least during the period Tx. Preferably parallel to this, the meter of another entity, in particular, measuring module of the meter of the other entity, measures a delivered power during the time period Tx in a step 1102. In the respective steps 1101 and 1102, each measured power parameter (X kW/Tx h) is transmitted in form of a message to the peer-to-peer application by the respective peer-to-peer module.

[0154] In the next steps 1103 and 1104 it can be checked in each case by means of the peer-to-peer application, whether the supply medium quantity was exchanged in accordance with a supply medium transaction agreement between the first and the other entity. For example, the amounts of power measured by the respective meters of the entities can be reviewed and/validated by at least a part of the peers of the peer-to-peer network. For instance, it can be checked whether the delivered and received power correspond to the agreed amount of power in the supply medium transaction agreement.

[0155] Depending on the check result, the first entity can transfer the entire (or only a part) of the agreed price in the form of crypto money in step 1105. In step 1106, the other entity receives the transferred crypto money. The steps 1105 and 1106 shall be carried out in accordance with previous statements by the peer-to-peer application, in particular, in a tamper-proof manner. Especially, a plausibility test as described above can be carried out by at least a portion of the peers.

[0156] Preferably, the entire peer-to-peer network can check by cumulative processing power, whether the measured power amounts are correct and/or the transfer has been carried out correctly, for example whether the first entity was in fact the owner of the crypto money or the like.

[0157] It can also be provided that a network operator retroactively informs the peer-to-peer network based on the meter data, for example, once a month, week, etc., on actually detected counts and performs a correction of the effectively exchanged supply medium quantity compared to the amounts reported in the peer-to-peer application. Also this correction can be carried out by means of peer-to-peer application and, for example, settled between the involved entities.

[0158] Generally, the present system has the ability to validate individual meter data by nodes in the P2P network which is the basis for a trustless model. No trust in a central authority is needed. Validation and e.g. optimization of the peer-to-peer application or peer-to-peer matching can be done on-chain or off-chain, as described hereinbefore. Off-chain means that the process is controlled by the block chain. The process itself can be performed by other devices, such as servers/cloud. The block chain can check whether e.g. in the case of a validation process a plurality of servers provides a positive result or a negative result.

[0159] All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

[0160] The use of the terms a and an and the and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) is to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms comprising, having, including, and containing are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning including, but not limited to,) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., such as) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

[0161] Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.