Light guide member, lighting apparatus using the light guide member, and method of fabricating the light guide member

Abstract

Provided are a light guide member, a lighting apparatus including the light guide member, and a method of fabricating the light guide member. The light guide member comprises: a body, which is formed as a transparent plate, including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface; and a plurality of dimple type optical controllers formed beneath at least one of the first surface and the second surface and having reflective surfaces that reflect light proceeding between the first and second surfaces of the body toward at least one of the first and second surfaces.

Claims

1. A method of fabricating a light guide member, the method comprising: forming a plurality of protrusion molds on a template having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, each of the plurality of protrusion molds being disposed on the first surface and including a top surface that is wider than a bottom surface and a side surface under the top surface and inclined toward the top surface; forming a transparent half-processed light guide member having a cross-section corresponding to the plurality of protrusion molds by applying a transparent material on the template on which the plurality of protrusion molds are formed; and removing the template and the plurality of protrusion molds from the transparent half-processed light guide member so as to form the light guide member, which includes a first surface, a second surface facing the first surface, and a plurality of dimple type optical controllers, corresponding to the protrusion molds, in the first surface, wherein each of the plurality of dimple type optical controllers includes a reflective surface corresponding to the inclined side surface of each of the plurality of protrusion molds, wherein the forming of the plurality of protrusion molds comprises: forming a light blocking mask, having openings corresponding to the plurality of protrusion molds, on the first surface of the template, the template being formed of transparent material; forming a photosensitive layer for forming the plurality of protrusion molds on the first surface of the template to cover the light blocking mask; irradiating light to the photosensitive layer through the openings of the light blocking mask to form exposure regions corresponding to the shapes of the plurality of protrusion molds in the photosensitive layer, the light being incident to the second surface of the template; and developing the photosensitive layer to obtain the plurality of protrusion molds from the exposure regions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light is incident to the second surface of the template as diffused light via a diffusion unit.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the light is incident to the second surface of the template as parallel light in a first direction inclined with respect to the second surface of the template.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the light guide member is formed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the irradiating of the light further comprises: irradiating the light to the photosensitive layer through the openings of the light blocking mask, the light being incident to the second surface of the template in a second direction inclined with respect to the second surface of the template, wherein the first direction and the second direction are symmetric with respect to the second surface.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The above and other features of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a lighting apparatus having a light guide member, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an optical controller in the light guide member, according to the embodiment of the present invention;

(4) FIGS. 3A through 3E are perspective views showing structures of optical controllers according to embodiments of the present invention;

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lighting apparatus 100 to illustrate a light proceeding structure of the optical controllers that each have reflective surfaces;

(6) FIG. 5 is a plan view showing changes in the sizes of light controllers and arrangements of the light controllers in the light guide member according to another embodiment of the present invention;

(7) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a lighting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention; and

(8) FIGS. 7A through 7J are cross-sectional views illustrating a method of fabricating the light guide member, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) The invention is described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. This should not be construed as limiting the claims to the exemplary embodiments shown. Rather, these embodiments are provided to convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of elements and regions may be exaggerated for clarity.

(10) It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being on, disposed on, disposed, or between another element or layer, it can be directly on, disposed on, disposed, or between the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers can be present.

(11) The terms first, second, and the like, primary, secondary, and the like, as used herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element, region, component, layer, or section from another. The terms front, back, bottom, and/or top are used herein, unless otherwise noted, merely for convenience of description, and are not limited to any one position or spatial orientation.

(12) The terms a and an do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item. The suffix (s) as used herein is intended to include both the singular and the plural of the term that it modifies, thereby comprising one or more of that term (e.g., the layer(s) includes one or more layers).

(13) Reference throughout the specification to one embodiment, another embodiment, an embodiment, and so forth, means that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, and/or characteristic) described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described herein, and may or may not be present in other embodiments. In addition, it is to be understood that the described elements may be combined in any suitable manner in the various exemplary embodiments.

(14) Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention belongs. FIG. 1 is a partially cut perspective view showing a schematic structure of a lighting apparatus 100 including an integral type light guide member, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(15) Referring to FIG. 1, the lighting apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment includes a transparent plate-shaped body 101 having a first surface 101a and a second surface 101b facing the first surface 101a. Light sources 110 are disposed close to a side of the body 101, and a reflective layer 120 is selectively disposed on the opposite side of the body 101. The light sources 110 are each an apparatus for injecting light into the body 101, and the reflective layer 120 reflects the light incident to the side of the body 101 into the body 101 to improve a light-use efficiency.

(16) On the other hand, dimple type optical controllers 102 are formed in the first surface 101a of the body 101. The optical controllers 102 are each a cavity 102c formed as a well extending downward from the first surface 101a, and are distributed completely throughout the body 101. The optical controllers 102 may be evenly distributed, or locally distributed. As shown in FIG. 2, the dimple type optical controllers 102, that is, the optical controllers 102 each having a recessed shape, each include the cavity 102c formed as a depression in the first surface 101a of the body 101, and reflective surfaces 102a and 102b that respectively form a side surface and a bottom of the cavity 102c and reflect the light inside the body 101. The reflective surfaces 102a and 102b reflect the light that is in the body 101 according to a difference between the refractive indexes of a medium of the body 101 and a medium of the cavity 102c, and in particular, reflect the light proceeding between the first surface 101a and the second surface 101b toward at least one of the first and second surfaces 101a and 101b. The reflective surface 102a, forming the side surface of the cavity 102c, is inclined with respect to the bottom surface of the cavity 102c, and accordingly, the cavity 102c has a narrow opening and the reflective surface 102b is wider than the opening.

(17) According to the present embodiment of the present invention, the body 101 is formed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to a thickness of 400 to 600 m. The opening and bottom of the cavity 102c have diameters of 12 to 13 m and 25 to 35 m, respectively. In addition, a depth of the cavity 102c is 10 to 15 m, and a pitch between the cavities 102c is about 50 to 70 m.

(18) The reflective surface 102b can be disposed in parallel with the first and second surfaces 101a and 101b. In addition, the reflective surfaces 102a and 102b can be flat or curved, or mixed. On the other hand, when the cavity 102c has a curved side surface, for example, when the cavity 102c has a truncated conical side surface, the side surface of the cavity 102c is continuously formed. In addition, the side surface of the cavity 102c can be formed as a three-dimensional curved surface; for example, the cavity 102c can be formed as a barrel having a bulged intermediate portion.

(19) FIGS. 3A through 3E show various examples of optical controllers according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 3A shows an optical controller 102(a) having a truncated conical cavity. FIG. 3B shows an optical controller 102(b) having a barrel type cavity that includes a narrow opening and a wide bottom surface. FIG. 3C shows an optical controller 102(c) having a cavity formed as a truncated quadrangular pyramid. Although FIG. 3C shows the quadrangular pyramid type cavity, the optical controller 102(c) may have a truncated pyramid type cavity for which an example is the truncated quadrangular pyramid type cavity. FIG. 3D shows an optical controller 102(d) having a slot type cavity that is linearly elongated. That is, the optical controller 102(d) has a structure such that a length of the light incident direction along which the light is incident is shorter than the direction perpendicular to the light incident direction. FIG. 3E shows an optical controller 102(e) having a slot type cavity that is curved. As described above, various types of optical controllers can be obtained. In addition, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by the shape of the optical controller.

(20) FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lighting apparatus 100 to illustrate a light guide structure of the optical controllers 102 each having the reflective surfaces 102a and 102b.

(21) Referring to FIG. 4, the light emitted from the light source 110 such as an LED is incident (or introduced) to the body 101, proceeds in the body 101, and then, is totally reflected by the reflective surfaces 102a and 102b of the optical controllers 102 to exit the plate-shaped body 101 in a direction 250. Here, the light that is not discharged out of the body 101 is reflected by the reflective layer 120 that is located on an opposite side of the light source 110 toward the inside of the body 101, and then, the light reflected by the optical controller 102 is discharged out of the plate-shaped body 101 through the first surface 101a. Through the above internal reflecting structure, some of the light may be discharged through the second surface 101b. A light emission direction of the light injected into the body 101 may vary depending on the requirements of the lighting apparatus 100, for example, when an additional reflective layer (not shown) is formed on the second surface 101b of the plate-shaped body 101, in a backlight apparatus, the light is only emitted through the first surface 101a. However, in a front light apparatus, display light from the display must transmit through the front light apparatus, and the light emitted from the light source 110 is output to the display, for example, through the first surface 101a, and the light incident to the first surface 101a from the display must be output through the second surface 101b. The optical controllers 102 can be arranged according to the required design of the light apparatus.

(22) A plurality of optical controllers 102 can be arranged in the light guide member 101, and in the present embodiment, the further the optical controllers 102 are located away from the light source 110, the concentration of the optical controllers 102 becomes higher. To do this, the distances or pitches between the optical controllers 102 can be linearly or non-linearly reduced as the optical controllers 102 are disposed further away from the light source 110. In addition, when the optical controllers 102 are distributed to be set apart from each other, the sizes of the optical controllers 102 can be differentiated so as to change the sizes of the reflective surfaces 102a and 102b, for example, so as to increase the area of the reflective surfaces 102a and 102b as the optical controllers 101 are further away from the light source 110.

(23) FIG. 5 is a plan view of a lighting apparatus 100 having the body 101, on which the sizes and concentration of the optical controllers 102 having various shapes are different according to the distance of the optical controllers 102 from the light sources 110.

(24) The various types of optical controllers 102(a), 102(c), 102(d), and 102(e) are arranged in the first surface 101a of the body 101 in the light apparatus 100. The optical controllers 102(a), 102(c), 102(d), and 102(e) are arranged along lines that are arranged with constant intervals from the light sources 110, and the concentration of the optical controllers in each of the lines increases as the lines are further apart from the light sources 110. The density of each line can be adjusted by changing the sizes and lengths of the optical controllers 102(a), 102(c), 102(d), and 102(e).

(25) The LED as a point source, or the CCFL as a line source can be used as the light sources 110, and the shapes or arrangement of the optical controllers 102(a), 102(c), 102(d), and 102(e) may be adjusted according to the type of the light sources 110. The point source is appropriate for a front light apparatus, in which the light emission angle is not an important factor, and CCFL is appropriate for the line source.

(26) The optical controllers 102 according to the embodiments of the present invention can be commonly formed in both the first and second surfaces 101a and 101b of the body 101 as shown in FIG. 6. At this time, a reflective plate 130 may be formed on the second surface 101b so that the light proceeding toward the second surface 101b can be reflected to the first surface 101a, and thereby increasing the light-use efficiency. Therefore, the structure shown in FIG. 6 can be used as a backlight apparatus in an LCD. In FIG. 6, optical controllers 102 are symmetrically formed in the first and second surfaces 101a and 101b, however, the optical controllers 102 may be asymmetrically disposed in the first and second surfaces 101a and 101b, and the distribution concentration and the shapes of the optical controllers 102 in each of the first and second surfaces 101a and 101b may be changed according to the optical characteristics of the lighting apparatus 100.

(27) The light guide member and the lighting apparatus according to the present invention may not use an additional optical film as used in conventional backlight systems for LCD devices. That is, the light guide member having engraved optical controllers, that is, the dimple type optical controllers, formed using a simple lithography process is used, and thus, a lighting apparatus that is thin and light-weight can be formed with low fabrication costs. The light guide member and the lighting apparatus according to the present invention can be used as a backlight system in an LCD device, and can be used as a backlight of flexible LCD devices or a front light system in next generation flexible displays such as e-paper. In particular, when the lighting apparatus including the light guide member according to the present invention is applied as a front light apparatus, there is no air layer between the display and the light guide member, and thus, the reflection of external light can be reduced so as to improve visibility and a contrast ratio.

(28) Hereinafter, a method of fabricating the light guide member according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the current embodiment, the light guide member having the optical controllers 102 shown in FIG. 1 is fabricated, however, a light guide member having the other types of optical controllers 102(a), 102(c), 102(d), and 102(e) also can be fabricated.

(29) Referring to FIG. 7A, a light blocking material, for example, a metal layer 302, is formed on a template 301, which is formed of a transparent material, and then, a photosensitive layer 303 is coated on the metal layer 302.

(30) Referring to FIG. 7B, the photosensitive layer 303 is patterned to form a mask layer 303. The photosensitive layer 303 is patterned using a photolithography process, and in the present embodiment, the photosensitive layer 303 is patterned using a positive photoresist and developed using a wet developer. Portions that are not covered by the mask layer 303 correspond to the openings of the cavities 102c.

(31) Referring to FIG. 7C, the metal layer 302 is patterned by a general wet or dry etching process using the mask layer 303 so as to form a light blocking mask layer 302 that is formed of a metal.

(32) Referring to FIG. 7D, a photosensitive layer 307, covering the light blocking mask layer 302, is formed on the template 301. In the present embodiment, the photosensitive layer 307 is formed using a negative photoresist.

(33) Referring to FIG. 7E, light is irradiated to a bottom surface of the template 301 to form photosensitive regions 307, each of which is formed as an inverse prism shape, at the openings 302a of the mask layer 302. To do this, diffused light is supplied from the bottom surface of the template 301. The diffused light can be obtained by forming a diffusion unit 308 between the light source and the template 301. On the other hand, when parallel light is used instead of the diffused light, as shown in FIG. 7F, the parallel light is incident to the template 301 in a first direction, which is inclined with respect to the template 301, to form first exposure regions 307a. Then, as shown in FIG. 7G, the parallel light is incident to the template 301 in a second direction, which is opposite to the first direction, to form second exposure regions 307b. Therefore, the photosensitive regions 307 can be obtained.

(34) Referring to FIG. 7H, the photosensitive layer 307 having the photosensitive regions 307 is wet-etched to form protrusion molds 307. The protrusion molds 307 are obtained from the photosensitive regions 307 and are formed to correspond to the cavities 102c of the light guide member 100.

(35) Referring to FIG. 7I, a material for forming the light guide member 101 is deposited on the template 301 to cover the protrusion molds 307 so as to form a half-processed light guide member 308. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material for forming the light guide member is an elastic material, for example, PDMS. After the PDMS is completely cured, the half-processed light guide member 308 is separated from the protrusion molds 307 and the template 301, and post-processes are performed, then, the light guide member 101 having the dimple type optical controllers 102 can be obtained.

(36) In the above description, the protrusion molds 307 are formed of a photosensitive material, however, the present embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and thus, the protrusion molds 307 can be formed of a metal. That is, when the light guide member 101 is fabricated using a metal master, the molds formed of the photosensitive material are duplicated, and after that, inverse shapes of the molds are fabricated using a plating process. Otherwise, inverse molds are fabricated using a positive photosensitive layer, and after that, the metal molds can be fabricated by plating the molds. As described above, since the light guide member 101 is formed of the elastic material, the duplication can be performed even when the metal molds are used. Therefore, the molds are not transformed in the duplication, and the template can be re-used.

(37) A light guide member and a lighting apparatus according to the present invention can be used as backlight systems of LCDs, and as front light systems of reflective LCDs or flexible displays such as e-paper.

(38) While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.