Vane pump

Abstract

A vane pump is disclosed that includes a plurality of vanes and radial slots configured to provide a gap between the vane and the radial slot such that the vane has a different angular position relative to the direction of rotation in a radially extended position compared to an angular position in a radially-retracted position. The different angular positions provide different orientation of the arcuate surface of the vane tip portion with respect to the cam body inner surface, thus providing different fluid stop points on the vane tip portion arcuate surface.

Claims

1. A vane pump, comprising a housing including an inlet port and an outlet port; a cam block having a continuous inner surface including a pump arc and a seal arc; a rotor configured to rotate within the cam block, said rotor including a plurality of radial slots; a plurality of radially-extendable vanes that radially extend from the slots as they rotate past the cam block pump arc and retract as they rotate past the cam block seal arc, each of the vanes comprising a radial portion in one of the radial slots and a tip portion extending transverse to the radial portion in a direction of rotation of the rotor, said tip portion including an arcuate surface that engages with the cam block inner surface to provide a fluid seal point along the arcuate surface; wherein the radial slots have a leading edge along a plane coincident with an axis of rotation of the rotor and a trailing edge at an angle with respect to the leading edge, and each of the plurality of vanes and radial slots are configured to provide a gap between the vane and the radial slot such that the vane has a different angular position relative to the direction of rotation in a radially extended position compared to a radially-retracted position, thereby providing different fluid stop points on the vane tip portion arcuate surface.

2. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the fluid seal point of the vane in the radially extended position is offset in the direction of rotation relative to a leading surface of the vane radial portion.

3. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the fluid seal point of the vane in the radially retracted position is not offset with respect to the direction of rotation relative to a leading surface of the vane radial portion.

4. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the fluid seal point of the vane in the radially retracted position is offset away from the direction of rotation relative to a leading surface of the vane radial portion.

5. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the arcuate surface of the vane tip portion has a center line that is offset in the direction of rotation relative to a leading surface of the vane radial portion.

6. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the arcuate surface of the vane tip portion has a center line that is not offset with respect to the direction of rotation relative to a leading surface of the vane radial portion.

7. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the arcuate surface of the vane tip portion has a center line that is away from the direction of rotation relative to a leading surface of the vane radial portion.

8. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the vane has a rotational angular range of motion in the slot in a fully extended position of 0.1 to 2.0.

9. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the gap between the vane and the radial slot is an angular gap having a fixed angle.

10. The vane pump of claim 9, wherein the angular gap has an angle in the direction of rotation of 0.1 to 2.

11. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the radial slot trailing edge is disposed at a fixed angle to the leading edge.

12. The vane pump of claim 11, wherein the fixed angle is from 0.1 to 2.0.

13. The vane pump of claim 1, further comprising a vent connecting a cavity under the vane to a surface of the rotor on a trailing side of the vane.

14. The vane pump of claim 1, wherein the vane pump does not include under-vane pressurization.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The subject matter which is regarded as the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the present disclosure are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a typical balancing vane pump;

(3) FIGS. 2A and 2B schematically depict a vane configuration having a tip portion offset to enhance the distribution of radial forces on the vanes;

(4) FIGS. 3A and 3B schematically depict a vane configuration; and

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic depiction of a vane configuration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(6) Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a vane configuration is depicted having a gap between the vane and the radial slot as described herein. The vane in FIGS. 3A and 3B differs from that of FIGS. 2A and 2B in that it does not require the FIG. 2 offset 41 to provide outward radial load on the vanes in the pump arcs. FIG. 2 depicts an offset 41 where a centerline 42 of the radial tip 17 is offset from the leading vane surface 44 toward the direction of rotation to provide the pressure and surface area differential for outward radial load in the pump arcs. It should be noted here that the term centerline as used herein refers to an imaginary line extending from the center of the arcuate surface of the radial tip to the arc center point (i.e., the center of an imaginary circle of which the vane tip arcuate surface is a part). The vane in FIG. 3 has an offset 55 where the offset from the leading vane surface 44 is away from the direction of rotation instead of toward the direction of rotation. The offset 55 (which can be referred to as a negative offset, with the offset 41 of FIG. 2 referred to as a positive offset) can be configured to provide balanced or biased radial loads during operation in the seal arc as described in more detail below. However, this disclosure can also be used to provide variable seal point configurations for vane designs having different zero offsets, or even with positive offsets such as offset 41 of FIG. 2. The disclosure can also be used to provide variable seal point configurations for straight vanes, as well as for balanced vane configurations such as those depicted in FIGS. 1-4.

(7) As shown in FIG. 3B, during operation in the seal arc, tangential pressure differences provided by high fluid pressure acting on surface 52 urges the vane against the leading slot edge 56 (FIG. 3B). The offset 55 provides a surface area differential between the surfaces 33 and 60 subject to high pressure in the seal arc, where high (discharge) pressure acts on surfaces 33, 52, and 60, low (inlet) pressure acts on surfaces 40, 46 and 62, and a gradient of pressure acts on surface 53. During operation in the seal arc, fluid pressure acting on the larger surface 33 and the smaller surface 60 can result in a net outward radial load urging the vane into engagement with the cam block inner surface 22. As mentioned above, however, a negative offset is not required and embodiments are contemplated where a zero offset is utilized to provide balanced radially-acting pressure, or a positive offset similar to or smaller in magnitude than the positive offset depicted in FIG. 2A.

(8) FIG. 3A depicts the vane in operation in the pump arc. The vane slot is defined by leading slot edge 56 and trailing slot edge 58. The extended vane is shown by a dashed line in a forward position in the slot for illustration and comparison. During operation in the pump arc of the vane pump (FIG. 3B), high (discharge pressure acts on vane surfaces 40, 64, and 66, and low (inlet) pressure acts on surfaces 33, 34, and 68. Tangential pressure differences provided by high fluid pressure acting on surface 64 urges the vane against the trailing slot edge 58 so that the vane moves into the position represented in FIG. 3A by the solid line. This tipping movement of the vane re-positions the point of engagement between the arcuate surface of vane tip 17 and cam body inner surface 22 (i.e., fluid stop point 59) forward (in the direction of rotation) along the arcuate surface of the vane tip compared to a position of the fluid stop point at or near the centerline 57 when the vane is in a forward position in the slot such as during operation in the seal arc (FIG. 3B). This forward repositioning of the fluid stop point on the arcuate surface of the vane tip 17 provides for a relatively smaller surface 66 exposed to high fluid pressure compared to the surface 40. During operation in the pump arc, fluid pressure acting on the larger surface 40 and the smaller surface 66 can result in a net outward radial load urging the vane into engagement with the cam block inner surface 22.

(9) The gap between the radial portion of the vane 15 and the slot in FIGS. 3A and 3B is provided by angling the trailing slot edge 58 away from the direction of rotation. Of course, the configuration represented by FIGS. 3A and 3B is only one example of a configuration that can provide such a gap, and variations can be made to either or both of the slot shape, dimensions, and configuration, and the vane radial portion shape, dimensions, and configuration. For example, FIGS. 3A and 3B depict a trailing slot edge 58 that is at a fixed angle with respect to the leading slot edge 56. However, the angle can be varied depending on radial distance from the axis of rotation, or the gap can be provided by an angled surface on the leading slot edge 58 or on the leading or trailing surfaces of the vane radial portion 15. In some embodiments, a fixed angle between the leading slot edge 56 and the trailing slot edge 58 can vary from 0.1 to 2.0, depending on the cam profile maximum and minimum radius, so called the vane stroke, and vane tip radius. However, a fixed angle is not required, and the gap between the slot and the vane can be provided by irregular shaped configurations such as step recesses.

(10) The shape and configuration of the arcuate surface of vane tip 17 can be designed based on parameters such as the radius of cam surfaces, length of the radial vane portion 15, length of extension of the vane out of the slot, and angle of rotation of the van within the slot, to control the location of the fluid stop position along the arcuate surface of the vane tip 17 and to provide desired levels of radial load urging the vane 12 into engagement with the cam block inner surface 22. The arcuate surface of the vane tip 17 should be configured to have a greater angle of curvature (e.g., smaller radius of curvature) at the point of engagement with the cam block inner surface, and to provide the desired re-positioning of the point of engagement along the arcuate surface of the vane tip 17 in response to tipping of the vane. The vane and slot can be configured to provide an angular rotational range of the vane of 0.1 to 2.0 in the slot in the extended position, more specifically from 0.3 to 1.5. The vane and slot can be configured to provide an angular rotational range of 0.1 to 2.0 in the extended position, more specifically from 0.0 to 1.5.

(11) The capability of angularly re-positioning the vanes of a vane pump at different cycles of the pump's rotation allows for an offset in the direction of rotation between a fluid stop point where the vane engages the cam block inner surface in the pump arc compared to a leading surface of the vane's radial portion, while also allowing for a zero or negative offset in the seal arc, so that a desired level of radial load can be maintained on the vanes throughout the pump's rotational cycle to maintain a desired level of engagement of the vane with the cam block inner surface. This can avoid the need for complex under-vane pressurization schemes to supplement outward centrifugal force that can be insufficient at low pump speeds such as during startup.

(12) As mentioned above, under-vane pressurization can contribute to under-vane pressure pulsations, which can cause vane tip wear quickly, cavitation, control valve pressure droop, and the avoidance of such under-vane pressurization can help avoid pressure pulsations. Pressure pulsations can be further reduced by a channel to equalize pressure under the vane and the fluid flow chamber area trailing the vane. As shown in FIG. 4, an under-vane chamber 68 is connected by channel 70 to a fluid flow chamber 72 bordered by the surface of the rotor 14, the cam block inner surface 22, and the vane depicted in FIG. 4 and an adjacent trailing vane (not shown). The channel 70 can promote steady under-vane pressure as same as the overvane trailing edge pressure regardless of the vane position in the inlet and discharge ports or in pump arc and the seal arc as shown in FIG. 3A surfaces 33 and 68 or FIG. 3B surfaces 33 and 60.

(13) While the present disclosure has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the present disclosure is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the present disclosure can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, while various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the present disclosure may include only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.