METHOD AND DEVICE FOR APPLYING AN INSULATION TO BUILDINGS

Abstract

A jointless surface covering can be applied to building parts by a method and a device (2). A flow of a surface covering material (37, 92) and of an adhesive (94, 95) is sprayed onto an underlying plane which is situated on the building part. The surface covering material forms an insulation for the building part. Granules (92) are used for the surface covering material. The granules are misted with adhesive (94) and, carried by air, they reach an area to be covered, wherein the granules immediately adhere as a result of the adhesive, which undergoes a chain reaction. By virtue of the device (2), granules are supplied from a granules reservoir (8) and adhesive is supplied from an adhesive reservoir (46) and brought together in an air space via a nozzle assembly (60) in order to form the surface covering. A combing device (16) serves for separating granular particles (92), which pass into a flow channel (28) via a chute (24). In the flow channel, the granular particles are taken up by an air flow (36) from a fan (30) and fed to the air space.

Claims

1. A method for applying a jointless surface covering to building parts, such as on walls or ceilings, by means of spraying from a distance of a flow of a surface covering material and an adhesive, so that surface covering material impinging on the building part bonds to and hardens on an underlying plane, created by the building part or by a coating, particularly one that was previously applied, e.g. of a insulation material, characterized in that as raw insulation material granulate of the surface covering material becomes airborne and, misted with the adhesive, impacts a surface to be covered and by influence of the adhesive instantly reacts in a concatenating manner so as to bond to the surface, and, in particular, begins to harden, thereby forming the insulation material.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granulate consisting of flakes is produced through a shredding process, e.g. with the help of a hammer mill or e.g. with the help of a kieserite machine, wherein the granulate constitutes a source material for the flow of the surface covering material.

3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granulate is present in an average particle size of 6 mm to 8 mm.

4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granulate is mechanically pretreated with a combing device, in particular for separating clumped granulate particles.

5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granulate comprises wool, such as mineral wool, glass wool, cotton, sheep, lama or alpaca wool, particularly from shears of the feet, throat or head, and/or plant parts, such as straw, hemp, flax, linen or cork, at least as an admixture.

6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granulate is wetted with an adhesive agent, such as water glass, before spraying.

7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is provisioned as droplets with an average diameter of less than 3 mm, preferably with an average radius between 0.005 mm and 0.5 mm, wherein the adhesive, is sprayed through at least one, preferably four, adhesive nozzles.

8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a granulate flow rate of the surface covering material and an adhesive flow rate, which are preferably separately adjustable, are overlapped at a minimum distance of a granulate outlet opening, which is smaller than a straight axial travel from the granulate outlet opening to the area to be covered, wherein the adhesive and the granulate are provisioned and conveyed separately through a spraying device.

9. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that an accumulation of the adhesive on the, particularly non-moistened, granulate in an air space in front of the area to be covered and on an uncovered area occurs, wherein preferably a flow velocity of the granulate is less than an adhesive flow velocity.

10. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granulate and the adhesive are emitted through a common spraying device having a granulate outlet tube and an adhesive tube, wherein the spraying device provides an identical electrical potential or an antipodal electrical potential on an inner surface of the granulate outlet tube and an inner surface of the adhesive tube, through which an adhesive coating of the granulate is electrostatically affected when misted, wherein particularly the granulate outlet tube is allocated to an identical electrical potential as the surface to be covered due to electrical grounding.

11. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the granulate in a dry state, which corresponds in particular to an ambient air humidity of less than 98%, levitates by means of flowing compressed air and, conveyed preferably through a spiral hose, is applied at a height of at least two meters above a reference plane.

12. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is a liquid adhesive, which contains water and at least one adhesive agent, such as potassium water glass and/or a methacrylic ester with a styrene admixture.

13. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a binder, such as milk, particularly cow's milk, is added to the adhesive.

14. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a hydrophobing agent, such as oil, preferably vegetable oil, particularly linseed oil, is added to the adhesive.

15. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a dye is added to the adhesive.

16. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the adhesive is premixed in mixing steps, wherein binder with a part between 2% w/w and 5% w/w, hydrophobing agent with a part between 2% w/w and 5% w/w, and, particularly for diluting, water with a part of 40% w/w to 50% w/w is added to an adhesive compound, preferably sequentially, respectively related to a mass of 100% w/w, and in particular the liquid adhesive is squeezed through a pneumatically-powered pump with a pressure of at least 5 bar for atomizing, particularly bubble-free and continuously through an adhesive nozzle.

17. A device for applying a jointless surface covering to building parts, wherein the device has a granulate reservoir, a fan connected to the granulate reservoir for conveying the granulate through a granulate fan hose, an adhesive pump connected to an adhesive hose, wherein the adhesive pump is designed to convey adhesive from an adhesive reservoir, and a nozzle assembly, which is connected to the granulate fan hose and the adhesive hose, characterized in that the granulate from the granulate reservoir can be fed to a chute through a combing device for separating granulate particles, and the chute is designed for transferring granulate particles into an air flow provided by the fan in a flow channel, with which the application of the granulate particles and the adhesive, combined in an air space, is enabled for surface covering.

18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that a, particularly adjustable, outlet opening is provided between the combing device and the reservoir and the combing device can be fed with granulate through the outlet opening, preferably by means of a number of blades mounted on a blade shaft, wherein particularly the combing device is a twin-shaft configuration with tines protruding respectively radially and reaching into each other's gap.

19. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the chute, particularly on the flow channel side, is designed as a, preferably dipterous, air flow guide plate, which facilitates in particular a transfer of granulate particles in accordance with the operating principle of a venturi tube.

20. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the chute has an outlet gap for granulate particles, which enables the granulate particles to be in a singularized manner introduced into the air flow in a transverse direction to an air flow.

21. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that an electrical ground wire is present on a nozzle assembly, through which load separations caused particularly by a granulate particle flow, which counteract the application, are compensated, wherein the ground wire preferably extends along the granulate fan hose from an outflow opening of the flow channel to the nozzle assembly.

22. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that a granulate flow is adjustable by the air flow, particularly via a branch valve upstream of the flow channel and particularly via a motor drive of the combing device, and an adhesive flow is adjustable particularly via a pump drive pressurized air regulator allocated to the adhesive pump, preferably continuously, particularly separately.

23. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the air flow is adjustable via a control and a fan regulator and/or the air flow is set so strongly that a force by the air flow applied on a granulate or on the granulate flow is greater than a weight force of the granulate, particularly in the granulate flow.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0085] The present invention can be better comprehended if reference is made to the attached figures, which, for example, present particularly beneficial embodiments without limiting the present invention to them, wherein

[0086] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a device for applying jointless surface coverings to building parts,

[0087] FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a device with a view of a nozzle assembly, and

[0088] FIG. 3 shows a configuration of nozzles on a nozzle assembly.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0089] The embodiment of a device 2, depicted in FIG. 1, for applying a jointless surface covering, comprises a granulate cart 4, which stands with wheels, such as wheel 6, on a reference plane 7. Granulate 92 is located in granulate cart 4 inside a granulate reservoir 8, the bottom of which forms a trough 10. Trough 10 has an outlet opening 11 for granulate 92. A conveyor shaft 12 extends in the granulate reservoir 8, to which a number of blades, such as blade 14, attached. Blades 14 are intended for pushing granulate 92 to each other so that granulate 92 pass through outlet opening 11. Combing device 16 is arranged below outlet opening 11. Combing device 16 comprises a first combing shaft 17 and a second combing shaft 18, which can be collectively powered with a conveyor shaft 12 by drive unit 22 for a rotation. The rotation preferably occurs inversely and is particularly directed downwards between combing shafts 17, 18. Tines, such as tines 20, 20, are attached to combing shafts 17, 18, which protrude like rods from combing shafts 17, 18. Combing device 16 is located between outlet opening 11 and a chute 24. Chute 24 has a chute gap 25. From one perspective, chute 24 is shaped like guide plate 26 for air flow, which facilitates an air flow 36 through flow channel 28. Flow channel 28 comprises an inlet flow opening 27 and an outlet flow opening 29. Valve 34 is connected to inlet flow opening 27 via a flange 33. Valve 34 is connected to a radial fan 30 via a fan hose 32. Radial fan 30 can be controlled via a fan controller 31, which is connected to an electric control 50. Control unit 58 serves to turn a power supply on and off via a socket 51. Additional control elements (without reference signs) are provisioned for individual control tasks. Control 50 is also electrically connected to a pump drive pressure regulator 42, which is located on compressor 38. Among others, compressor 38 serves to fill a pressure tank 43 with compressed air if pump drive pressure regulator 42 recognizes a pressure of pressure tank 43 that is less than a desired target pressure. Pressure tank 43 provides a supply pressure that is reduced to desired value via pump drive pressure regulator 42 for operating adhesive pump 44. Adhesive 94 from adhesive reservoir 46 can be fed into adhesive hose 48 as needed by adhesive pump 44. The compressed drive air is fed to adhesive pump 44 by pump drive pressure regulator 42 via compressed air hose 40.

[0090] An air flow 36 coming from radial fan 30 takes in granulate 92 and carries granulate 92 through outlet opening or escape opening 29 into a granulate fan hose 35. Granulate 92 passes with air flow 36 through granulate fan hose 35 to a spraying device 60, which, based on one aspect of handling, can also be referred to as a sprayer assembly 60. Together with a granulate flow 37, an air flow 36 discharges from spraying device 60. Spraying device 60 comprises a spray head 62, into which a granulate outlet tube 66 and four nozzles, such as first nozzle 71, for adhesive 94 empty. An adhesive volume flow 95 discharges from the nozzle, which may thus also be referred to as an adhesive nozzle. Spraying device 60 can be brought to a desired spray height 49, whichdepending on the building (not marked) can be located above a reference plane 7 (as depicted) or below reference plane 7 (not marked). Spraying device 60 also comprises an adhesive tube 68, which ends in the spray head 62 in order to supply the nozzles with adhesive, such as first nozzle 71. A remote control 54 is arranged on spraying device 60, which is connected to electric control 50 via a control line 52. Remote control 54 enables communication with electric control 50 through a signal transmission. A first switch 55 can be used to turn device 2 on or off. An operational state of device 2 is displayed on the respective control units, e.g. by an indicator light 58 and an indicator light 58. A second regulator 56 can be used to adjust fan controller 31 to a desired air flow via control 50. A third regulator 57 can be used to adjust pump drive pressure regulator 42 for conveying adhesive 94 to a desired adhesive flow via control 50. Thus, granulate flow 37 and a flow of fed adhesive 94 can be accurately regulated by a worker (not depicted), who operates spraying device 60 in front of a surface of a building part to be coated.

[0091] A spraying device 160 connected to a device 102 is shown in FIG. 2, whichas indicated by the delineated arrow of a spatial coordinate systemcan be freely moved in space. In front of spraying device 160 there is a building part 198 or a part of a building, such as a wall, which has joints, such as a joint 197, which extend through building part 198 to a surface 199. Surface 199 forms the underlying plane for bonded granulate 192 and adhesive 194. Granulate 192 and adhesive 194 collectively form a surface covering material 196, which is schematically drawn very simplified as a section of a surface covering by surface covering material 196. It must be assumed that a density of granulate 192 in a surface covering material 196 most commonly is less than it is shown in FIG. 2 because granulate 192 are often present with a diameter dispersion. Moreover, small gaps in granulate 192 resulting from an immediate bonding of granulate 192 can often only be partially sealed in the way of a surface flow of granulate 192. Gaps are most commonly at least partially filled by adhesive 194.

[0092] A spray head 162, which is provisioned on spraying device 160, is located at a distance 189 in front of surface covering material 196. There is an air space 191 between surface covering material 196 and spray head 162. A first nozzle 171, a second nozzle 172, a third nozzle 173, and a fourth nozzle 174 protrude into air space 191, which are respectively facing a granulate tube end 167 with a nozzle angle, such as nozzle angle 182. Granulate tube end 167 of granulate outlet tube 166 is located on spray head 162, from where granulate outlet tube 166 extends to granulate fan hose 135, through which granulate 192 are fed to spraying device 160. Nozzles 171, 172, 173, 174 are supplied with adhesive 194 from an adhesive tube 168. A manually operable adhesive valve 170 is connected to adhesive tube 168. An adhesive tube 168 goes from adhesive valve 170 to an adhesive hose 148, through which adhesive 194 is fed. A remote control 154, which has a first regulator 155, a second regulator 156, and a third regulator 157, is connected to adhesive tube 168, 168. The functionality of regulators 155, 156, 157 can be programmed, such that it is possible to transmit various control signals via a control line 152 to device 102. A ground wire 153 as a connecting wire goes from spiral hose 135, which comprises a metal coil, to a ground connection 164, which is located on granulate outlet tube 166. Nozzles 171, 172, 173, 174 respectively have a nozzle opening, such as nozzle opening 176 on first nozzle 171. Adhesive 194 is emitted with a pressure from nozzle opening 176, such that the adhesive is spread like a mist in an area, which is schematically delineated as an adhesive spray cone 186. There is an overlap area 190 in air space 191, in which an adhesive spray cone of nozzles 171, 172, 173, 174, such as adhesive spray cone 186, spatially overlaps with a spray cone 188 of granulate 192. Spray cone 188 of granulate 192 indicates an angle range, in which granulate 192carried by aircan pass, i.e. without moving spraying device 160, to surface 199 or to surface covering material 196, which was already applied.

[0093] A top view of a spray head 262 of a spraying device 260 is shown in FIG. 3. On spray head 262, a first nozzle 271, a second nozzle 272, a third nozzle 273, and a fourth nozzle 274 are arranged, which are designed similarly. Nozzles 271, 272, 273, 274 are arranged together on the corners of an imaginary square, wherein granulate outlet tube 266 concludes in the center of the square. Granulate outlet tube 266 is electrically insulated with respect to spray head 260, such that granulate outlet tube 266 can be impinged with an electric potential with respect to spray head 260. As delineated exemplary on first nozzle 271, nozzles 271, 272, 273, 274 have a nozzle opening 276 and at least one key edge, such as key edge 281, which facilitates unscrewing a defective nozzle. Nozzle opening 276 is embedded between a first atomized spray screen 280 and a second atomized spray screen 280. Atomized spray screens 280, 280 confine a spreading of adhesive (not delineated). This prevents, e.g. that with an absence of an air flow from granulate outlet tube 266, granulate outlet tube 266 from gradually becoming sticky due to the adhesive. On nozzle opening 276, there is an atomized spray guide ridge 278, which serves to generate a dispersion of an adhesive mist (not delineated) differing from a cone shape out of nozzle opening 276. As a result, it is possible to spray the adhesive particularly evenly onto granulate (not delineated) leaving the granulate outlet tube 266.

[0094] The embodiments depicted in the individual figures can be connected to each other in any configuration.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0095] 2, 102 Application device, particularly a spraying device [0096] 4 Granulate cart, particularly as a rack cart [0097] 6 Wheel, particularly a lockable wheel [0098] 7 Reference plane [0099] 8 Granulate reservoir [0100] 10 Trough [0101] 11 Outlet opening [0102] 12 Conveyor shaft [0103] 14 Blade [0104] 16 Combing device [0105] 17 First combing shaft [0106] 18 Second combing shaft [0107] 20, 20 Tines [0108] 22 Drive unit, particularly a motor drive [0109] 24 Chute [0110] 25 Chute gap, particularly as an outlet gap [0111] 26 Guide plate, particularly for air flow [0112] 27 Inlet opening [0113] 28 Flow channel [0114] 29 Outflow opening [0115] 30 Fan, particularly a radial fan [0116] 31 Fan controller [0117] 32 Fan hose [0118] 33 Flange [0119] 34 Valve, particularly a branch valve [0120] 35, 135 Granulate fan hose, particularly a spiral hose [0121] 36, 36 Air flow or air stream [0122] 37 Granulate flow [0123] 38 Compressor [0124] 40 Compressed air hose [0125] 42 Pump drive pressure regulator [0126] 43 Pressure tank [0127] 44 Adhesive pump [0128] 46 Adhesive reservoir [0129] 48, 148 Adhesive hose [0130] 49 Spraying height [0131] 50 Electric control [0132] 51 Socket, particularly power supply [0133] 52, 152 Control line [0134] 153 Ground wire [0135] 54, 154 Remote control [0136] 55, 155 First regulator, particularly a switch [0137] 56, 156 Second regulator [0138] 57, 157 Third regulator [0139] 58, 58 Control element, particularly in the form of indicator lights or with indicator lights [0140] 60, 160, 260 Spraying device, particularly a nozzle assembly [0141] 62, 162, 262 Spray head [0142] 164 Electrical connection, particularly ground [0143] 66, 166, 266 Granulate outlet tube [0144] 167 Granulate tube end, particularly a granulate outlet opening [0145] 68, 168, 168 Adhesive tube [0146] 170 Adhesive valve [0147] 71, 171, 271 First nozzle, particularly an adhesive nozzle [0148] 172, 272 Second nozzle, particularly an adhesive nozzle [0149] 173, 273 Third nozzle, particularly an adhesive nozzle [0150] 174, 274 Fourth nozzle, particularly an adhesive nozzle [0151] 176, 276 Nozzle opening [0152] 278 Atomized spray guide ridge [0153] 280, 280 Atomized spray screen [0154] 281 Key edge [0155] 182 Nozzle angle [0156] 186 Adhesive spray cone [0157] 188 Spray cone, particularly of the granulate [0158] 189 Distance, particularly straight axial travel [0159] 190 Overlapping area [0160] 191 Air space [0161] 92, 192 Granulate, particularly in form of granulate particles [0162] 94, 194 Adhesive [0163] 95 Adhesive volume flow [0164] 196 Surface covering material, particularly surface coating [0165] 197 Joint [0166] 198 Building part [0167] 199 Surface, particularly an underlying plane