MACHINING UNIT WITH A MOVABLE CARRIAGE

Abstract

A machining unit including at least one machining module. The machining module includes a protective compartment that delimits an enclosure and has a front door, which can go from a closed position to an open position defining an opening. A machining assembly is provided with a tool-holder and a part-holder. A movable carriage receives the machining assembly and can slide on a guide device, between a first position in which the machining assembly is accommodated in the enclosure and a second position in which the carriage projects from the protective compartment via the opening and the machining assembly is situated outside the enclosure. In the first position, the front door can be closed for the purpose of carrying out machining of a part by the machining assembly. The second position permits access to the machining assembly from the exterior of the protective compartment.

Claims

1-22. (canceled)

23. A machining unit comprising at least one machining module, said machining module comprising a protective compartment which delimits an enclosure and has a front door, wherein said front door can go from a closed position to an open position defining an opening, said machining module further comprising a machining assembly provided with a tool-holder and a part-holder, said machining module further comprising a movable carriage and a guide device, said movable carriage being configured to receive said machining assembly and wherein, said movable carriage is configured to slide on said guide device between a first position, in which said machining assembly is accommodated in said enclosure and the front door can be closed for the purpose of carrying out machining of a part by said machining assembly, and a second position in which the carriage projects from the protective compartment via said opening, and in which said machining assembly is situated outside said enclosure, which second position permits access to the machining assembly from the exterior of the protective compartment.

24. The machining unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein, in the second position of the movable carriage, the vertical projection of the machining assembly is situated on the exterior of the vertical projection, or at least of the support polygon of the protective compartment.

25. The machining unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein the front door can be pivoted between its open position and its closed position.

26. The machining unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein the front door opens downwards.

27. The machining unit as claimed in claim 26, wherein the sliding movement of said carriage is carried out after the opening or before the closure of the front door.

28. The machining unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein said enclosure can be put under pressure which is lower than atmospheric pressure.

29. The machining unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein the machining module is equipped with a compartment for collection of the lubrication liquid and a circuit for recycling said lubrication liquid.

30. The machining unit as claimed in claim 29, wherein said circuit for recycling said lubrication liquid is thermostatted.

31. The machining unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein said enclosure is thermostatted.

32. The machining unit as claimed in claim 23, wherein said machining module also comprises a store for bars to be machined which supplies said machining assembly bar by bar.

33. The machining unit as claimed in claim 32, wherein said bars have a length of less than 1 m.

34. The machining unit as claimed in claim 23, comprising a plurality of machining modules placed side-by-side adjoined to one another.

35. The machining unit as claimed in claim 34, wherein the machining module is equipped with a compartment for collection of the lubrication liquid and a circuit for recycling said lubrication liquid wherein the lubrication liquid recycling circuit and/or the swarf container is/are common to said plurality of machining modules.

36. The machining unit as claimed in claim 34, comprising an electrical control box and a single control system for said plurality of machining modules.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0023] Embodiments of the invention are indicated in the description illustrated by the appended figures in which:

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a machining unit according to a first embodiment, seen from the side and in cross-section in the direction I in FIG. 2, in the first position of the movable carriage;

[0025] FIG. 2 represents the machining unit according to the first embodiment, seen from the front face in the direction II in FIG. 1, without the glass of the front door;

[0026] FIG. 3 represents the machining unit according to the first embodiment, in perspective, from the front face and the lateral side;

[0027] FIGS. 4 and 5 are views similar to those of FIG. 3, with the movable carriage in its second position;

[0028] FIG. 6 represents a machining unit according to a variant embodiment, in perspective, from the front face and the lateral side, comprising five machining modules and all the carriages in the first position;

[0029] FIG. 7 is a view similar to that of FIG. 6, with the carriage of one of the machining modules in the second position, the corresponding machining assembly being extracted from the protective compartment;

[0030] FIG. 8 represents a machining unit according to a second embodiment, in perspective, from the front face and the lateral side, comprising five machining modules and all the carriages in the first position; and

[0031] FIG. 9 is a view similar to that of FIG. 8, with the carriage of one of the machining modules in the second position, the corresponding machining assembly being extracted from the protective compartment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Reference is made to FIGS. 1 to 3, representing a machining unit 100 according to a first embodiment, comprising a single machining module 110 represented without the front door, in order to show better the interior of the machining module 110.

[0033] This machining module 110 forms a compact unit, substantially in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a height H (largest dimension in the vertical direction) and a depth P (largest dimension in the horizontal direction), at least twice, or even at least three times larger than the width L (smallest dimension in the horizontal direction). This narrow, slender form takes up a small amount of space on the ground and makes it possible to associate a plurality of machining modules 110 within a single machining unit 100, as will be described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, illustrating a variant of the embodiment, and in relation with FIGS. 8 and 9, illustrating a second embodiment. It will be appreciated that different forms of this narrow shape are possible for the machining module 110, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0034] The machining module 110 is delimited by a protective compartment 112, constituting a closed envelope delimiting an enclosure 114 which can be rendered sealed. This protective compartment 112 comprises two vertical lateral walls 112a and 112b parallel to one another, a horizontal upper wall 112c parallel to a lower wall 112d, a vertical rear wall 112e, and a front wall 112f (in this case with a plurality of panels) comprising a front door 113 (not represented in FIGS. 1 to 3 but shown in FIGS. 4 and 5). This front door 113 is shown in a configuration of opening from the top, in particular according to a movement of sliding, in FIGS. 4 and 5, which represent it in the open state.

[0035] In FIGS. 1 to 3, the opening 116 delimited in the front wall 112f makes it possible to see the enclosure 114, containing in particular a machining assembly 120. This machining assembly 120 comprises at least one tool-holder 122 and one part-holder 124. In FIGS. 1 to 5, the part-holder 124 is a spindle, and the machining assembly also comprises a counter-spindle 125 (second part-holder).

[0036] The machining assembly 120 is fitted on a movable carriage 130. In the figures, this movable carriage 130 is in the form of a slide. Preferably, the carriage 130 forms a receptacle which can recuperate all lubrication liquid, in particular oil, and the swarf of material derived from machining of a part by the machining assembly. In order to permit the movement of advance out of the opening 116 and the movement of withdrawal into the enclosure of this movable carriage 130, the latter is fitted on the guide device 132. In particular, this guide device 132 can be in the form of rails, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3. In FIGS. 2 and 3, the rails 132 are fitted directly on the lateral walls 112b of the protective compartment 112 which acts as a bearing structure for the machining module 110. According to other variants, not represented, this guide device and/or the movable carriage 130 comprise rollers or other rolling elements, or sliding runners, or any other sliding element.

[0037] According to another variant embodiment, not represented, the protective compartment 112 acts as an envelope and surrounds the frame of the machining module 110, with this frame supporting the guide device and supporting the guide carriage, and thus the machining assembly 120.

[0038] In the second position of the movable carriage 130, access to the machining assembly 120 is possible from at least four sides, i.e. from above and from three of the four lateral sides (front side, right side and left side) of the machining assembly 120/of the carriage 130 (FIGS. 4 and 5).

[0039] In addition, in FIGS. 1 to 5, the machining assembly 120 is placed on a support base 126 on which the spindle 124 and the counter-spindle 125 are fitted, as well as the tool-holder or a plurality of tool-holders 122. The support base 126 is received directly on the movable carriage 130. Thus, it will be understood that it is possible to change a complete machining assembly 120 of a machining module, simply by separating the support base 126 from the movable carriage 130, and placing on it a new support base 126 equipped with another machining assembly 120. In addition, by this means, there are retained together on the support base 126 a tool-holder 122 and a part-holder 124 which are matched, and wherein, during prior calibration, it is possible to determine the relative position between the tool-holder 122 and the part-holder 124, then to retain this relative position for as long as the tool-holder 122 and the part-holder 124 continue to be fitted on the support base 126, without further regulation.

[0040] According to a variant embodiment not represented, the front door 113 of the protective compartment can be pivoted between its open position and its closed position. Also, according to a variant embodiment not represented, the front door 113 of the protective compartment opens downwards. In this case, according to an alternative embodiment, the front door 113 acts as a support for the movable carriage 130, and comprises at least part of the guide device 132. In this case, it is possible to provide an arrangement wherein the sliding movement of said carriage 130 is carried out simultaneously with the opening or closure of the front door 113. In another alternative, the arrangement is such that the opening of the front door 113 must be effective in order to permit the sliding movement of said carriage 130.

[0041] The machining module 110 also comprises an electrical control box, not represented in FIGS. 1 to 7, situated for example on the rear wall 112e. This electrical control box is placed in the enclosure 114, or on the exterior of the enclosure 114. The enclosure 114 also comprises a swarf container 128 below the movable carriage 130, and an oil container 129, below the swarf container 128. In order to recuperate the oil and the swarf in the dedicated containers 128 and 129, the base of the carriage 130 is provided with holes, and is for example equipped with a grid or a guide which is above the swarf container in the first position of the movable carriage 130 (FIGS. 1 to 3).

[0042] In addition, the machining module 110 is equipped with a compartment for collection of the lubrication liquid (oil container 129) and a circuit for recycling said lubrication liquid. Preferably, said

circuit for recycling said lubrication liquid is thermostatted in order to control the temperature of the lubrication liquid.

[0043] According to another optional arrangement, said enclosure 114 is thermostatted in order to control the temperature in the enclosure, which thus contributes towards controlling the temperature of the part, but also of the entire machining module 110, including the tools, during the machining of the part. The control of the temperature of the part when it is machined in the machining module 110 is further improved by the control of the temperature of the lubrication liquid.

[0044] Optionally, the enclosure 114 of the machining module 110 is sealed when the front door 113 is closed. By this means, when said enclosure 114 is sealed against the air, it is possible to control the temperature more easily. Alternatively, if the enclosure 114 of the machining module 110 does not have good sealing against air, it is possible to put it under low pressure, i.e. under pressure which is lower than atmospheric pressure, by means of a system for creation of low pressure (not represented). Sealing/creation of low-pressure of this type has the advantage of preventing leakage of oil vapors from the enclosure 114.

[0045] Also, the machining module 110 has a vapor aspiration system which is present in the enclosure, and is equipped with a duct for discharge of the vapors 140.

[0046] In order to facilitate visual checking of the state of operation of each machining module 110, and more generally each machining unit 100, a visual indicator of the state of operation is optionally provided, such as an indicator lamp 142 (see FIGS. 1 to 3). Different positions of the indicator lamp 142 allow the operator to determine the state of the corresponding machining module 110. According to one example from amongst different possible color codes, the indicator lamp is green when the machining module 110 is functioning normally, orange when the machining module is functioning but intervention by the operator is necessary, and red when the machining module 110 is at a standstill, and requires the intervention of the operator in order to restart it.

[0047] Said machining module 110 also comprises a store 127 for bars to be machined situated in the enclosure 114 at the rear of the machining assembly 120 (see FIGS. 1 to 3). This store 127 for bars to be machined supplies said machining assembly 120 bar by bar. According to one possibility, the mechanism for loading the bar to be machined on the spindle 124 is autonomous, and functions independently from the spindle 124. For example, the store 127 for bars to be machined functions with the descent by gravity of the stack of bars, then the thrust of the lower bar of the stack of bars in the direction of the machining assembly 120. Thus, this store 127 of bars to be machined forms a replenishment unit for the machining assembly 120 by supplying the part-holder 124, and thus from the rear of the machining module 110 (from the right in the figures). Series of bars with different diameters and/or different materials which are already ready allow the operator to reload the store 127 quickly and easily.

[0048] Said bars optionally have a length shorter than 1 m. With quite short bars to be machined, there is reduction not only of the space required on the ground by the store 127, but also this contributes to reducing the vibrations during the machining of the bar, which ensures the stability of the machining process and therefore good machining quality. In addition, the short size of the bar makes it possible to make the bar advance without particular guiding as far as the part-holder 124, i.e. the spindle.

[0049] Reference is now made to FIGS. 6 to 9 representing a variant of the first embodiment and a second embodiment of the machining unit according to the disclosure comprising a plurality of machining modules placed side-by-side.

[0050] In the case of the variant of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the machining unit 100 comprises a plurality of machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5, similar to the machining module 110 described in relation with FIGS. 1 to 5, placed side-by-side, and adjoined of one another via the lateral walls 112a, 112b of their respective protective compartment 112. In this case, each machining module 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5 is independent and autonomous in terms of its functioning and equipment.

[0051] In the case of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the machining unit 100 comprises a plurality of machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5, similar to the machining module 110 described in relation to FIGS. 1 to 5, apart from the following differences:

[0052] the protective compartments 112 of all the machining modules 110.sub.i form only a single envelope (a single cowl) with as many compartments as there are machining modules 110.sub.i (with five compartments forming five enclosures 114 for five machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5, for the example illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9);

[0053] the lubrication liquid recycling circuit is common to said plurality of machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5;

[0054] there is a single electrical control box 152 and a single control system 151 which are common for said plurality of machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5.

[0055] In the case of enclosures 114 which are not sealed, a system for creation of low pressure (not represented) can be provided which is common to said plurality of machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5.

[0056] It is also possible to provide (situation not represented) a swarf container 128 common to said plurality of machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5.

[0057] In the presence of a system for aspiration of the humidity contained in the enclosures 114, this aspiration system is optionally common to said plurality of machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5, and is equipped with a single duct 140 for discharge of the humidity (see FIGS. 8 and 9).

[0058] Thus, sharing of some or all of the peripheral systems, such as the oil container 129 and the swarf container 128, the system for creation of low pressure, the electrical control box 152 and the control system 151, also contributes to reduction of the surface area on the ground and reduces the cost of the machining unit 100, thus making it possible to carry out a plurality of machining operations simultaneously.

[0059] Otherwise, each machining module 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5 functions like the machining module 110 described in relation with FIGS. 1 to 5, and has a machining assembly 120 which functions independently from the other machining assemblies, and is accessible in the second position of the corresponding movable carriage 130.

[0060] It will be understood that this configuration according to the variant of the first embodiment or according to the second embodiment of a machining unit with a plurality of machining modules 110.sub.i arranged compactly allows the area of accessibility of each machining module to overlap that of the two adjacent machining modules. Despite this overlapping, there is no impediment for the operator, who will intervene only on the machining module of which the movable carriage 113 is extracted from the protective casing 112, and is thus in the respective area of accessibility of this machining module. There is no obstruction, because the area of accessibility is used only when the movable carriage 130 is in its second position. This situation is represented in FIGS. 7 and 9 with the machining module 110.sub.2 situated between two machining modules, the movable carriage 130.sub.2 of which is in its second position, with the corresponding machining assembly 120.sub.2 situated entirely outside the enclosure 114, and therefore accessible for the operator.

[0061] Also, in a machining unit 100 comprising a plurality of machining modules 110.sub.1, it is possible to place machining units with identical equipment, in particular identical machining assemblies 120 (same tool-holder and same part-holder), or machining modules with different equipment, in particular different machining assemblies 120 (different tool-holder(s) and/or part-holder(s)).

[0062] In this last case, for example one or a plurality of machining units form(s) a machining module with 3 axes, and one or a plurality of machining modules form(s) a machining module with at least 5 axes or also 6 axes. The tool-holder 124 comprises at least one spindle, but a second spindle, such as a counter-spindle, can also equip the machining assembly 120. The tool-holder 122 can be a single comb which can support a plurality of tools, or also two combs, three combs, or in general more than two combs.

[0063] Five machining modules 110.sub.1, 110.sub.2, 110.sub.3, 110.sub.4, 110.sub.5 constitute the machining unit 100 according to the variant of the first embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, and the machining unit 100 according to the second embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, but it is understood that the machining unit 100 can comprise only two, three, four or also more than five machining modules 110.sub.i.

[0064] Thus, thanks to the presence of different machining modules in the same machining unit, it is possible to produce simultaneously different parts, and in particular a plurality of parts which are designed to be assembled together, such as the components of a watch movement. By way of example, one of the machining modules forms a transfer machine which makes it possible to produce bridges and discs, whereas other machining modules form automatic lathes with the tool-holder functioning as a gripper or as a gripper and tailstock sleeve (bush), and can produce complex parts and/or parts turned with different bar diameters. According to another example, one of the machining modules 110 constitutes a milling machine for partial machining of certain components such as bridges or discs, whereas other machining modules form another type of machining module, such as an automatic lathe (turning machine) or another type of machining machine.

[0065] In addition, it is understood that, since each machining module 110 has vibratory and thermal characteristics which are known and preferably controlled, it is the entire machining unit 100 which functions with a machining process which is controlled thermally and in terms of vibration, such that the stability of the machining and the quality of the resulting parts are improved.

REFERENCE NUMBERS USED IN THE FIGURES

[0066] 100 Machining unit [0067] 110 Machining module [0068] 112 Protective compartment [0069] 112a Lateral wall [0070] 112b Lateral wall [0071] 112c Upper wall [0072] 112d Lower wall [0073] 112e Rear wall [0074] 112f Front wall [0075] 113 Front door [0076] 114 Enclosure [0077] 116 Opening [0078] 120 Machining assembly [0079] 122 Tool-holder [0080] 124 Part-holder (spindle) [0081] 125 Counter-spindle [0082] 126 Support base [0083] 127 Store of bars to be machined [0084] 128 Swarf container [0085] 129 Oil container [0086] 130 Movable carriage [0087] 132 Guide rails [0088] 140 Humidity discharge duct [0089] 142 Indicator lamp [0090] 151 Control system [0091] 152 electrical control box