Bar sleeve

Abstract

A sleeve lock locks concrete reinforcing steel bars within rigid support structure retainers for stabilizing the reinforcing bars in place, while allowing the bars to spin freely within sleeves or holes within the retainers. The sleeve locks are stable couplings holding concrete reinforcing bars in position while allowing the bars to spin within the couplings. This reduces the need for tightening locks or fasteners at elevated heights of vertically positioned concrete reinforcing steel bars.

Claims

1. A method of constructing and mounting a pre-fabricated reinforcement retainer assembly of retainers for stabilizing concrete reinforcement bars in place at a construction site, comprising the steps of: positioning a plurality of spaced, horizontally arranged concrete reinforcing bars, said reinforcing bars having an external threading pattern over at least a portion of their length; providing a plurality of spaced rigid support structure retainers for axially aligning said reinforcing bars; said retainers each having a plurality of axially extending holes; providing at least one retaining sleeve to said spaced rigid support structure retainer for insertion of a respective concrete reinforcing steel bar therein; mounting at least one sleeve lock onto a respective concrete reinforcing bar to engage and lock said at least one retaining sleeve in place on said respective reinforcing bar, while said at least one concrete respective reinforcing bar is horizontally arranged; lifting said reinforcement retainer assembly into place thereby avoiding use of workers to climb up said reinforcement retainer assembly for tightening nuts used for holding an upper retainer against said reinforcement cage.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said spaced rigid support structure retainers comprise three dimensional cage frames having integral spaced apart open cage frame sleeves for insertion of each respective concrete reinforcing bar therein.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one retaining sleeve of said spaced rigid support structure retainer is said integral spaced apart open cage frame sleeve.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein said at least one retaining sleeve of said spaced rigid support structure retainer comprises a separate mountable sleeve.

5. The method of claim 2 in which each said at least one retaining sleeve is at least partially threaded on an outside surface thereof, and each said sleeve lock is a threadable member having a first set of threads for engaging threads on said reinforcement bar and a second set of threads for engaging threads on said at least one retaining sleeve for locking said at least one retaining sleeve in place.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said spaced rigid support structure retainers comprise flat templates having spaced apart holes for insertion of each respective concrete reinforcing bar therein.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said retaining sleeve of said spaced rigid support structure retainer comprises a separate mountable sleeve.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein said mountable at least one retaining sleeve is one mountable smooth bore sleeve, welded to at least one side of said flat template retainer.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein said separate mountable sleeve comprises a pair of mountable smooth bore sleeves, each welded to both sides of said flat template retainer.

10. The method of claim 1 in which said sleeve lock is comprised of a single piece.

11. The method of claim 1 in which said sleeve lock is comprised of separate pieces joined together.

12. The method of claim 1 in which said sleeve lock is welded to a respective cage sleeve.

13. The method of claim 1 in which each said at least one retaining sleeve has a smooth inner surface and at least one set of outer threads adjacent an end thereof, said sleeve lock further comprising at least one internally threaded compression ring threaded on the respective reinforcement bar under an end of said sleeve lock, and upon an end of said retaining sleeve, and said sleeve lock has inner threads engageable with said outer threads of said at least one retaining sleeve to lock said retaining sleeve in place adjacent to, and spaced apart from, said threaded reinforcement bar.

14. The method of claim 1 in which each said at least one retaining sleeve has a smooth inner bore, a makeup collar threaded onto said reinforcement bar within said at least one retaining sleeve, a bushing between said makeup collar and an inner surface of said at least one retaining sleeve, and at least one fastener extending through said at least one retaining sleeve to lock said makeup collar, bushing and at least one retaining sleeve in place, said makeup collar and respective at least one retaining sleeve with a smooth bore being of a size and shape to allow said threaded makeup collar to travel freely with said smooth bore.

15. The method of claim 14 in which said makeup collar has a rotatable sleeve lock attached at one end thereto.

16. The method of claim 1 in which each said at least one retaining sleeve has a smooth inner bore, a bushing is inserted between said reinforcement bar and an inner surface of said cage sleeve, and lock collars are threaded onto said reinforcement bar against opposite ends of said cage sleeve.

17. The method of claim 1 in which a makeup sleeve is threaded onto said reinforcement bar to engage said at least one retaining sleeve, and a fastener is mounted on said at least one retaining sleeve to lock said at least one retaining sleeve and makeup sleeve in place.

18. The method of claim 17 in which said makeup sleeve extends into said cage sleeve.

19. The method of claim 17 in which said makeup sleeve overlaps said cage sleeve.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein said mounted sleeve lock is a nut welded to at least one end of said rigid support structure retainer.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the orientation of the lifting is upwardly.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein the orientation of the upward lifting is substantially vertical.

23. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of said spaced rigid support structure retainers comprises a three dimensional cage frame having integral spaced apart open cage frame sleeves for insertion of each respective concrete reinforcing bar therein and wherein at least one of said spaced rigid support structure retainers comprises a flat template having spaced apart holes for insertion of each respective concrete reinforcing bar therein.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The present invention can best be understood in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is noted that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments shown in drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1A is a Prior Art side elevational view of the installation of threaded concrete reinforcing bars within internally threaded cage sleeves of rigid support structure retaining cage frames.

(3) FIG. 1B is a Prior Art side elevational view of the installation of concrete reinforcing bars within split sleeves of retaining cage frames.

(4) FIG. 1C is a Prior Art side elevational view of threaded sleeve assemblies fabricated in place on concrete reinforcing bars.

(5) Views of external FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrammatic side elevational views showing forces expanded against vertically installed reinforcing bars and displaced profiles thereof.

(6) FIG. 3A is an elevation view of the sleeve and sleeve lock of one embodiment of the present invention before they are connected upon a threaded reinforcing bar.

(7) FIG. 3B is an elevation view of the sleeve and sleeve lock in FIG. 3A after they have been connected together upon a threaded reinforcing bar.

(8) FIG. 4A is a cross sectional view of the sleeve and sleeve lock shown in FIG. 3A.

(9) FIG. 4B is a cross sectional view of the sleeve and sleeve lock shown in FIG. 3B.

(10) FIG. 5A is a side elevational view of the sleeve lock of the present invention made from separate pieces welded together.

(11) FIG. 5B is an elevational view of the sleeve lock of the present invention made from a single piece.

(12) FIG. 6A is a cross sectional view of the welded sleeve lock shown in FIG. 5A.

(13) FIG. 6B is a cross sectional view of the single piece sleeve lock shown in FIG. 5B.

(14) FIG. 6C is a cross sectional view of a two piece sleeve lock, where the pieces are joined together by one or more fasteners.

(15) FIG. 7A is an elevation view of the sleeve and internally threaded collar of another embodiment of the present invention before they are connected by welding.

(16) FIG. 7B is an elevation view of the sleeve and lock collar in FIG. 7A after they have been connected together by welding.

(17) FIG. 8A is an elevation view of the installation of a cage frame of a prefabricated reinforcement cage using the bar sleeve of the present invention.

(18) FIG. 8B is an elevation view of the installation of a reinforcing bar through a cage frame of a prefabricated reinforcement cage of FIG. 8A using the bar sleeve of the present invention.

(19) FIG. 8C is an elevation view of the installation of the sleeve lock of one embodiment of the present invention onto the longitudinal bar in preparation for connection with the sleeve.

(20) FIG. 9A is an elevation view of the sleeve, lock collar and internally threaded compression ring of one embodiment of the present invention before they are connected together upon a threaded reinforcing steel bar.

(21) FIG. 9B is an elevation view of the sleeve, lock collar and internally threaded compression ring in FIG. 9A after they have been connected together upon a threaded reinforcing steel bar.

(22) FIG. 10A is a cross sectional view of the sleeve, lock collar and internally threaded compression ring of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9A.

(23) FIG. 10B is a sectional view of the sleeve, lock collar and internally threaded compression ring joined together, as shown in FIG. 9B.

(24) FIG. 11A is an elevation view of the sleeve and internally threaded makeup collar of another embodiment of the present invention before they are connected together upon a threaded reinforcing bar.

(25) FIG. 11B is an elevation view of the sleeve and internally threaded makeup collar Shown in FIG. 11A after they have been connected together by a fastener upon a threaded reinforcing bar.

(26) FIG. 12A is an elevation view of the sleeve and sleeve lock with the internal makeup spacer sleeve of another embodiment of the present invention before they are connected together upon a threaded reinforcing bar.

(27) FIG. 12B is an elevation view of the sleeve and sleeve lock with the internal makeup spacer sleeve shown in FIG. 12A after they have been connected together by a fastener upon a threaded reinforcing bar.

(28) FIG. 13A is an elevation view of the sleeve and sleeve lock with one or more fasteners of another embodiment of the present invention before they are connected together by a fastener upon a threaded reinforcing bar.

(29) FIG. 13B is an elevation view of the sleeve and sleeve lock with one or more fasteners in FIG. 13A after they have been connected together by a fastener upon a threaded reinforcing bar.

(30) FIG. 14A is a cross sectional view of the sleeve, sleeve lock and internal makeup spacer sleeve shown in FIG. 12A.

(31) FIG. 14B is a cross sectional view of the sleeve and sleeve lock with the one or more fasteners shown in FIG. 13A.

(32) FIG. 15A is an elevation view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12A with a non-cylindrical sleeve.

(33) FIG. 15B is a plan cross sectional view from above of the embodiment of FIG. 15A for various non-cylindrical shaped sleeves.

(34) FIG. 16 is an isometric view of another embodiment of the present invention with the sleeves and internally threaded collars of the present invention adapted for use with flat templates holding reinforcing bars vertically in place.

(35) FIG. 17A is an elevation view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 with the sleeve extending through the template.

(36) FIG. 17B is an elevation view of the embodiment for FIG. 16 with the sleeve attached to one face of the template.

(37) FIG. 18 is an elevation view of the embodiment for FIG. 16 with the internally threaded collar attached to one face of the template.

(38) FIG. 19A is an elevation view of one embodiment of the present invention having the sleeve locks of the present invention adapted to a cage frame of Bongiorno '287 in the upper portion and with a cage frame of Bongiorno '287 in the lower portion.

(39) FIG. 19B is an elevation view of one embodiment of the present invention having the sleeve locks of the present invention adapted to a template of Ferrer '479 and Ferrer '678 in the upper portion and with template of Ferrer '479 and Ferrer '678 in the lower portion.

(40) FIG. 20A is an elevation view of one embodiment of the present invention having the sleeve locks of the present invention adapted to a cage frame of Bongiorno '287 in the upper portion and with a template of Ferrer '479 and Ferrer '678 in the lower portion.

(41) FIG. 20B is an elevation view of one embodiment of the present invention having the sleeve locks of the present invention adapted to a template of Ferrer '479 and Ferrer '678 in the upper portion and with a cage frame of Bongiorno '287 in the lower portion.

DRAWINGSREFERENCE NUMERALS

(42) For illustrative purposes only, a preferred mode for carrying out the invention is described herein, wherein the following reference numerals are non-limiting examples. 1. Longitudinal Reinforcing Bar 2. Prefabricated Reinforcing Cage 3. Cage Frame Plate 4. Template 5. Sleeve 7. Sleeve Lock 8. Internally Threaded Makeup Collar 9. Major Threading in the Sleeve Lock 10. Major Threading in the Internally Threaded Makeup Collar 11. Minor Threading in the Sleeve Lock 13. Minor Threading on the Sleeve 15. Welds 17. Assembly Jig 19. Cage Frame 21. Lock Nuts 23. Lock Collar 24. Internal Threading in Lock Collar 25. Externally Threaded Ring 27. Internally Threaded Compression Ring 29. Hole 31. Fasteners 35. Internal Makeup Spacer Sleeve 38. Non-Cylindrical Sleeve 40. Deflection 42. Connection Lacking Rotational and Axial Restraint 44. Connection Providing Rotational and Axial Restraint 46. Internally Threaded Collar or Nut 47. Top Cage Frame 48. Top Template 49. Bottom Cage Frame 50. Bottom Template 51. External Loading

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(43) The subject of the present invention will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings shown in FIGS. 1A-19B. Where similar components are shown in multiple figures, the respective description of the parts may not be repeated.

(44) Referring to FIGS. 3A-4B, a sleeve (5) is preferably comprised of an axially extending hollow cylindrical shape preferably made of steel. The sleeve (5) is provided with threading (13) around at least one end of the outer periphery of the sleeve (5). This threading will hence forth be referred to as the minor threading on the sleeve (13), to distinguish from other threading referenced in this application. Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the common process of making, or cutting, threads into the external face of hollow cylindrical objects such as pipes and tubes. Such threading may be tapered, as is commonly the case for plumbing piping, or un-tapered.

(45) The length, pitch, depth, angle, etc. of the minor threading on the sleeve (13) is determined by design calculation to be sufficient to transmit the calculated forces as well as provide the desired rigidity. The minor external threading on the sleeve (13) is to be compatible with the minor internal threading in the sleeve lock (7), described below, to permit the sleeve lock (7) to be rotated onto the sleeve (5).

(46) A sleeve lock (7) is preferably comprised of an axially extending hollow substantially cylindrical shape preferably made of steel. The outer surface of the sleeve lock (7) may be provided with a flat or segmented profile, similar to a hex nut, over at least some portion of its surface to facilitate rotating or spinning the sleeve lock (7) over the bar (1) using common tools such as wrenches and sockets. The sleeve lock (7) is provided with threading (11) around the inner circumference at the end that will be threaded onto the minor threading on the sleeve (13). This threading will hence forth be referred to as the minor threading in the sleeve lock (11), to distinguish from other threading referenced in this application. Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the common process of making, or cutting, threads into the inner circumferential al surface of a hollow object, such as for example couplings for piping and threaded rods.

(47) The minor threading in the sleeve lock (11) is complimentary to the minor threading on the sleeve (13) to permit the sleeve lock (7) to be rotated onto the sleeve (5). The length, pitch, depth, angle, etc. of the minor threading in the sleeve lock (11) is similarly determined by design calculation to be sufficient to transmit the calculated forces as well as provide the desired rigidity.

(48) The sleeve lock (7) is additionally provided with threading (9) around the inner circumference of the sleeve lock (7) away from the minor threading in the sleeve lock (11). This threading will hence forth be referred to as the major threading in the sleeve lock (9). The length, pitch, depth, angle, etc. of the major threading in the lock sleeve (9) is similarly determined by design to be sufficient enough to transmit the calculated forces as well as provide the desired rigidity. The major threading in the sleeve lock (9) is complimentary to the external threading pattern of the longitudinal reinforcing bars (1). Those skilled in the art will be familiar with such threading used with so-called threaded bar systems supplied by companies such as Dywidag Systems International, Skyline Steel, Williams Form Engineering and SAS Stressteel, to name a few.

(49) Referring to FIGS. 5A-6C, the sleeve lock (7) is preferably comprised of a single piece, as in FIGS. 5B and 6B, but may be fabricated from separate pieces joined together as in FIGS. 5A, 6A and 6C, such as by welding (15) or fasteners (31).

(50) In keeping with the objects of the present invention, and others which may become apparent, the cage frame of Bongiorno '287 is adapted to utilize at least one sleeve (5) with a sleeve lock (7) of the present invention, said sleeves (5) being attached to the cage frame of Bongiorno '287 in the same manner as the smooth bore sleeves of Bongiorno '287, as described therein.

(51) Referring to FIG. 8A, a pre-fabricated reinforcement cage may be constructed in a shop or at the site by first positioning some or all of the longitudinal reinforcing bars with the use of assembly jigs (17), setting rigid support structure retainers, such as the cage frames (19) into position onto the longitudinal reinforcing temporarily with the use of holding or positioning means, such as lock nuts (21) for example. The remaining bars are then charged through the remaining sleeves, as shown in FIG. 8B.

(52) Referring to FIG. 8C, the sleeve locks (7) are threaded, or rotated, onto the respective longitudinal bars passing through the sleeves (5) in the thus positioned cage frames. The sleeve locks (7) are threaded, or rotated, onto the sleeve (5). When the size 2 and pitch of the minor threading in the sleeve lock (11) does not match that of the major threading in the sleeve lock (9), those skilled in the art will understand that there may be movement of the longitudinal bars relative to the positioned cage frames because of the dissimilar thread pattern.

(53) Referring to FIGS. 9A-10B, in another embodiment, at least one sleeve (5) is provided with an externally threaded ring (25) fastened around at least one end of the outer periphery of the sleeve (5), preferably by welding (15). Alternatively, the sleeve (5) can be made integrally with such externally projected threading, such as by forging.

(54) The length, pitch, depth, angle, etc. of the threading on the externally threaded ring (25) is determined by design calculation to be sufficient to transmit the calculated forces as well as provide the desired rigidity. Threading on the externally threaded ring (25) is to be compatible with the minor internal threading in the lock collar (23), described below, to permit the lock collar (23) to be rotated onto the externally threaded ring (25) freely but snugly.

(55) A lock collar (23), is preferably comprised of an axially extending hollow substantially cylindrical shape preferably made of steel. The lock collar (23) is provided internal threading (24) around the inner circumference at the end that will be threaded onto the externally threaded ring (25) of the sleeve (5). Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the common process of making, or cutting, threads into the inner circumfereral surface of a hollow object, such as for example couplings for piping and threaded rods. The lock collar (23) is provided with and annular space around the end opposite the end that will be threaded onto the externally threaded ring (25) of the sleeve (5). This annular space is preferably a circular hole through the end of the lock collar (23) and is sized to permit free movement of the reinforcing bar through the lock collar (23).

(56) An internally threaded compression ring (27) is preferably comprised of an axially extending hollow substantially cylindrical shape preferably made of steel. The internally threaded compression ring (27) is provided with threading around the inner circumference that is complimentary to the thread pattern of the reinforcing bar. The dimensions of the internally threaded compression ring (27), lock collar (23) and externally threaded ring (25) and sleeve (5) are sized as to allow the internally threaded compression ring (27) to spin freely along the bar and come to bear against the sleeve (5), and for the lock collar (23) spin freely along the bar and pass over the compression ring (27) to be able to be threaded freely onto the externally threaded ring (25), while having the inner end of the lock collar (23) bear against the complimentary end of the compression ring (27). Thus, the lock collar (23) can be tightened, or torqued, against the externally threaded ring (25) through compressive bearing against the compression ring (27). The compression ring (27), in turn bears against the end of the sleeve (5). The thus connected parts, shown in FIG. 10B provide rotational and axial rigidity through the load transfer mechanism between compression bearing between the lock collar (23), compression ring (27) and sleeve (5), and connection between the external threading of the externally threaded ring (25) and the internal threading of the lock collar (24).

(57) Referring to FIGS. 7A-7B, in another embodiment, the objects of the present invention can be achieved by first installing an internally threaded lock collar (23) onto the reinforcing bar (1) after it has been charged through the respective sleeve (5) in the cage frame until it comes in contact with the face of the respective sleeve (5). The thus installed internally threaded lock collar (46) is then rigidly attached to the respective sleeves (5) such as by welds (15). The internally threaded lock collar (23) is preferably comprised of steel and having internal threading that is complimentary to the external threading pattern of the horizontally or vertically extending longitudinal reinforcing bars (1). Such internally threaded elements are commonly used as nuts and couplers with so-called threaded bar systems supplied by companies such as Dywidag Systems International, Skyline Steel, Williams Form Engineering and SAS Stressteel, to name a few.

(58) Referring to FIGS. 11A-11B, in another embodiment, the objects of the present invention can be achieved by rigidly attaching an internally threaded makeup collar (8) to at least one of the smooth bore sleeves (5) of Bongiorno '287. The internally threaded makeup collar (8) is preferably comprised of a steel cylindrical section having internal threading that is complimentary to the external threading pattern of the longitudinally extending reinforcing bars (1). Such internally threaded elements are commonly used as couplers with so-called threaded bar systems supplied by companies such as Dywidag Systems International, Skyline Steel, Williams Form Engineering and SAS Stressteel, to name a few. The internally threaded makeup collar (8) and respective smooth bore sleeve (5) are of a size and shape to allow the threaded makeup collar (8) to travel freely within the smooth bore sleeve (5). A bushing (not shown), made preferably of plastic, can be inserted into the annular space between the internally threaded makeup collar (8) and respective smooth bore sleeve (5) to vary the gap between the two, while still ensuring free movement. At least one fastener (31) is installed through plain or thread tapped holes (29) in the smooth bore sleeve (5). The fasteners (31) are preferably provided with pointed tips. The smooth bore sleeves (5) are optionally provided with serrations over at least a portion of the inner circumference to enhance frictional resistance. Those skilled in the art will recognize such locking screw fasteners and internally serrated surfaces that are similarly used with reinforcing splicing couplers such as those provided by Lenton and BarSplice, to name a few.

(59) Referring to FIGS. 12A and 12B, in another embodiment, the objects of the present invention can be achieved by attaching an internal makeup spacer sleeve (35) to an internally collar or nut (46). The internal makeup spacer sleeve (35) is preferably comprised of a steel cylindrical section. The internal makeup spacer sleeve (35) and respective smooth bore sleeve (5) are of a size and shape to allow the internal makeup spacer sleeve (35) to travel freely within the smooth bore sleeve (5). The annular space between the two is preferably minimized to ensure snugness. At least one fastener (31) is installed through plain or thread tapped holes (29) in the smooth bore sleeve (5). The fasteners (31) are preferably provided with pointed tips.

(60) Referring to FIGS. 13A, 13B and 14B, the objects of the above described embodiment can be similarly achieved with at least one sleeve lock (7), as in FIGS. 3A and 3B that is fastened to the sleeve (5) with one or more fasteners (31). The sleeve lock (7) is similarly preferably comprised of a steel cylindrical section having internal threading that is complimentary to the external threading pattern of the longitudinally extending reinforcing bars (1) over the portion of its length that is outside of the overlapping length between external makeup sleeve (37) and the smooth bore sleeve (5). The sleeve lock (7) and respective smooth bore sleeve (5) are of a size and shape to allow the sleeve lock (7) to travel freely over the smooth bore sleeve (5). The annular space between the two is preferably minimized to ensure snugness. A bushing (not shown), made preferably of plastic, can be inserted into the annular space between the two to achieve the desired snugness, while still ensuring free movement At least one fastener (31) is installed through plain or thread tapped holes (29) in the sleeve lock (7). The fasteners (31) are preferably provided with pointed tips.

(61) Referring to FIGS. 15A and 15B, the embodiments of FIGS. 11A-11B and FIGS. 12A-12B can be similarly used with the non-cylindrical sleeves (38) of Bongiorno '287 Referring to FIGS. 16-17B, the embodiments thus far described can be adapted to the flat templates of Ferrer '479 and Ferrer '678, by attaching sleeves (5) to one face of the template (4) over a respective hole in the template. The sleeves (5) are fastened to the face of the template by suitable means but preferably by welding (15). Alternatively, separate sleeves (5) can be attached to opposite faces of the template (4) over a respective hole in the template (4). In yet another alternative, a continuous sleeve (5) is adapted to pass through a respective hole in the template (4), extending at least partially beyond each opposite face of the template (4) and the sleeve (5) is then fastened to at least one face of the template by suitable means such as welding (15). The thus attached sleeve (5) can be adapted to all previous embodiments to achieve the objects of the present invention with the templates (4) of Ferrer '479 and Ferrer '678.

(62) Referring to FIGS. 16 and 18, the embodiment of FIGS. 7A-7B incorporating an internally threaded lock collar (23), can be adapted to the flat templates of Ferrer '479 and Ferrer '678 with the same procedure described for use with the cage frames of Bongiorno '287.

(63) Possible Modifications and Variations

(64) The foregoing description of one or more embodiments of the present invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. While the foregoing detailed description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use the invention, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, modifications, combinations and equivalents of the specific embodiments and methods presented. It is understood that changes in the specific embodiments and methods shown and described may be made within the scope of the description without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the sleeve locks, internally threaded lock collars and compression nuts can be of any shape. As another example, the sleeve locks, internally threaded lock collars and compression nuts can be provided on both ends of the sleeves. As yet another example, the minor threads on the sleeve can be provided on the inside face of the sleeve and the corresponding minor threads of the lock sleeve can be made on the exterior face. Alternative methods of fastening using, for example, screws, bolts, welds, adhesives, etc. may be used. Additionally, the various components of the present invention can be comprised of alternative suitable materials that those generally described.