Non-oriented electrical steel sheet, production method for non-oriented electrical steel sheet, electric motor and production method for electric motor

Abstract

This non-oriented electrical steel sheet contains a base material having a chemical composition including, in mass %, Si: 3.2 to 4.5%, wherein the tensile strength is 550 MPa or more, and a ratio (P.sub.120B/Fe.sub.700B).sub.B between a peak-to-peak height Fe.sub.700B of Fe at 700 eV and a peak-to-peak height P.sub.120B of P at 120 eV when crystal grain boundaries are measured through Auger electron spectroscopy is not more than twice a ratio (P.sub.120i/Fe.sub.700i).sub.i between a peak-to-peak height Fe.sub.700i of Fe at 700 eV and a peak-to-peak height P.sub.120i of P at 120 eV when the inside of crystals is measured through Auger electron spectroscopy.

Claims

1. A non-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising a base material having a chemical composition including, in mass %, C: 0.0010 to 0.0040%, Si: 3.2 to 4.5%, sol. Al: 0.2 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 3.5%, P: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, S: 0 to 0.0030%, N: 0 to 0.0030%, Ti: 0 to 0.0030%, Mo: 0.0010 to 0.1000%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.0010%, Ni: 0 to 0.50%, Cu: 0 to 0.50%, Sn: 0 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0 to 0.0050%, La: 0 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0 to 0.0050%, O: 0 to 0.1000%, V: 0 to 0.1000%, W: 0 to 0.1000%, Zr: 0 to 0.1000%, Nb: 0 to 0.1000%, Mg: 0 to 0.1000%, Bi: 0 to 0.1000%, Nd: 0 to 0.1000%, Y: 0 to 0.1000%, As: 0 to 0.1000%, Ga: 0 to 0.1000%, Ge: 0 to 0.1000%, Co: 0 to 0.1000%, Se: 0 to 0.1000%, Pb; 0 to 0.1000%, and the remainder: Fe and impurities, wherein the non-oriented electrical steel sheet has a tensile strength of 550 MPa or more, and a ratio (P.sub.120B/Fe.sub.700B).sub.B between a peak-to-peak height Fe.sub.700B of Fe at 700 eV and a peak-to-peak height P.sub.120B of P at 120 eV when crystal grain boundaries are measured through Auger electron spectroscopy is not more than twice a ratio (P.sub.120i/Fe.sub.700i).sub.i between a peak-to-peak height Fe.sub.700i of Fe at 700 eV and a peak-to-peak height P.sub.120i of P at 120 eV when the inside of crystals is measured through Auger electron spectroscopy.

2. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 1, which contains one or more selected from the group consisting of, in mass %, Ni: 0.01 to 0.50%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.50%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0.01 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0.0003 to 0.0050%, La: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, O: 0.0020 to 0.1000%, V: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, W: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Nb: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Bi: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Nd: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Y: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, As: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Ga: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Ge: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Co: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Se: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Pb; 0.0010 to 0.0100%.

3. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base material has an insulation coating on its surface.

4. An electric motor comprising a stator core, wherein the stator core has a chemical composition including, in mass %, C: 0.0010 to 0.0040%, Si: 3.2 to 4.5%, sol. Al: 0.2 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 3.5%, P: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, S: 0 to 0.0030%, N: 0 to 0.0030%, Ti: 0 to 0.0030%, Mo: 0.0010 to 0.1000%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.0010%, Ni: 0 to 0.50%, Cu: 0 to 0.50%, Sn: 0 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0 to 0.0050%, La: 0 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0 to 0.0050%, O: 0 to 0.1000%, V: 0 to 0.1000%, W: 0 to 0.1000%, Zr: 0 to 0.1000%, Nb: 0 to 0.1000%, Mg: 0 to 0.1000%, Bi: 0 to 0.1000%, Nd: 0 to 0.1000%, Y: 0 to 0.1000%, As: 0 to 0.1000%, Ga: 0 to 0.1000%, Ge: 0 to 0.1000%, Co: 0 to 0.1000%, Se: 0 to 0.1000%, Pb; 0 to 0.1000%, and the remainder: Fe and impurities, wherein the stator core has a tensile strength of 500 MPa or more, and a ratio (P.sub.120SB/Fe.sub.700SB).sub.SB between a peak-to-peak height Fe.sub.700SB of Fe at 700 eV and a peak-to-peak height P.sub.120SB of P at 120 eV when crystal grain boundaries of the stator core are measured through Auger electron spectroscopy is not more than 4 times a ratio (P.sub.120Si/Fe.sub.700Si).sub.Si between a peak-to-peak height Fe.sub.700Si of Fe at 700 eV and a peak-to-peak height P.sub.120Si of P at 120 eV when the inside of crystals is measured through Auger electron spectroscopy.

5. A method for producing the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 1, comprising: a hot rolling process in which a steel slab having a chemical composition, including, in mass %, C: 0.0010 to 0.0040%, Si: 3.2 to 4.5%, sol. Al: 0.2 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 3.5%, P: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, S: 0 to 0.0030%, N: 0 to 0.0030%, Ti: 0 to 0.0030%, Mo: 0.0010 to 0.1000%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.0010%, Ni: 0 to 0.50%, Cu: 0 to 0.50%, Sn: 0 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0 to 0.0050%, La: 0 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0 to 0.0050%, O: 0 to 0.1000%, V: 0 to 0.1000%, W: 0 to 0.1000%, Zr: 0 to 0.1000%, Nb: 0 to 0.1000%, Mg: 0 to 0.1000%, Bi: 0 to 0.1000%, Nd: 0 to 0.1000%, Y: 0 to 0.1000%, As: 0 to 0.1000%, Ga: 0 to 0.1000%, Ge: 0 to 0.1000%, Co: 0 to 0.1000%, Se: 0 to 0.1000%, Pb: 0 to 0.1000%, and the remainder: Fe and impurities is hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet; a winding process in which the hot-rolled steel sheet is wound and cooled; a cold rolling process in which the cooled hot-rolled steel sheet is cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet; and a final annealing process in which the cold-rolled steel sheet is finally annealed, wherein, in cooling in the winding process of the hot-rolled steel sheet, a residence time in a temperature range of 500 to 200? C. is longer than a residence time in a temperature range of 700 to 500? C., and the residence time in a temperature range of 500 to 200? C. is 100 seconds or longer, and wherein, in the final annealing process, a maximum temperature is lower than 900? C., and an average cooling rate in a range of 700 to 500? C. is 20? C./see or faster.

6. A method for producing the non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to claim 1, comprising: a process in which a steel slab having a chemical composition, including, in mass %, C: 0.0010 to 0.0040%, Si: 3.2 to 4.5%, sol. Al: 0.2 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 3.5%, P: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, S: 0 to 0.0030%, N: 0 to 0.0030%, Ti: 0 to 0.0030%, Mo: 0.0010 to 0.1000%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.0010%, Ni: 0 to 0.50%, Cu: 0 to 0.50%, Sn: 0 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0 to 0.0050%, La: 0 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0 to 0.0050%, O: 0 to 0.1000%, V: 0 to 0.1000%, W: 0 to 0.1000%, Zr: 0 to 0.1000%, Nb: 0 to 0.1000%, Mg: 0 to 0.1000%, Bi: 0 to 0.1000%, Nd: 0 to 0.1000%, Y: 0 to 0.1000%, As: 0 to 0.1000%, Ga: 0 to 0.1000%, Ge: 0 to 0.1000%, Co: 0 to 0.1000%, Se: 0 to 0.1000%, Pb: 0 to 0.1000%, and the remainder: Fe and impurities is hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet; a winding process in which the hot-rolled steel sheet is wound and cooled; a hot-band annealing process in which the cooled hot-rolled steel sheet is heated and cooled; a cold rolling process in which the hot-rolled steel sheet after the hot-band annealing process is cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet; and a final annealing process in which the cold-rolled steel sheet is finally annealed, wherein, in cooling of the hot-band annealing process of the hot-rolled steel sheet, a residence time in a temperature range of 500 to 200? C. is longer than a residence time in a temperature range of 700 to 500? C. and the residence time in a temperature range of 500 to 200? C. is 10 seconds or longer, and wherein, in the final annealing process, a maximum temperature is lower than 900? ? C., and an average cooling rate in a range of 700 to 500? C. is 20? C./see or faster.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the chemical composition of the steel slab contains one or more of, in mass %, Ni: 0.01 to 0.50%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.50%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0.01 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0.0003 to 0.0050%, La: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, O: 0.0020 to 0.1000%, V: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, W: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Nb: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Bi: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Nd: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Y: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, As: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Ga: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Ge: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Co: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Se: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, and Pb: 0.0010 to 0.0100%.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the chemical composition of the steel slab contains one or more of, in mass %, Ni: 0.01 to 0.50%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.50%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0.01 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0.0003 to 0.0050%, La: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, O: 0.0020 to 0.1000%, V: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, W: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Nb: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Bi: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Nd: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Y: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, As: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Ga: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Ge: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Co: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Se: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, and Pb: 0.0010 to 0.0100%.

9. A production method for an electric motor according to claim 6, comprising: a process in which a non-oriented electrical steel sheet is processed into a stator core shape to form a stator core material; and an annealing process in which the stator core material is heated to obtain a stator core, wherein, in the annealing process of the stator core material, a heating temperature is 750 to 850? C., and an average cooling rate in a range of 700 to 500? C. is 5? C./min or shorter; wherein the non-oriented electrical steel sheet comprises a base material having a chemical composition including, in mass %, C: 0.0010 to 0.0040%, Si: 3.2 to 4.5%, sol. Al: 0.2 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 3.5%, P: more than 0% and 0.10% or less, S: 0 to 0.0030%, N: 0 to 0.0030%, Ti: 0 to 0.0030%, Mo: 0.0010 to 0.1000%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.0010%, Ni: 0 to 0.50%, Cu: 0 to 0.50%, Sn: 0 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0 to 0.0050%, La: 0 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0 to 0.0050%, O: 0 to 0.1000%, V: 0 to 0.1000%, W: 0 to 0.1000%, Zr: 0 to 0.1000%, Nb: 0 to 0.1000%, Mg: 0 to 0.1000%, Bi: 0 to 0.1000%, Nd: 0 to 0.1000%, Y: 0 to 0.1000%, As: 0 to 0.1000%, Ga: 0 to 0.1000%, Ge: 0 to 0.1000%, Co: 0 to 0.1000%, Se: 0 to 0.1000%, Pb: 0 to 0.1000%, and the remainder: Fe and impurities, wherein the non-oriented electrical steel sheet has a tensile strength of 550 MPa or more, and a ratio (P.sub.120B/Fe.sub.700B).sub.B between a peak-to-peak height Fe.sub.700B of Fe at 700 eV and a peak-to-peak height P.sub.120B of P at 120 eV when crystal grain boundaries are measured through Auger electron spectroscopy is not more than twice a ratio (P.sub.120i/Fe.sub.700i).sub.i between a peak-to-peak height Fe.sub.700i of Fe at 700 eV and a peak-to-peak height P.sub.120i of P at 120 eV when the inside of crystals is measured through Auger electron spectroscopy.

10. The production method according to claim 9, wherein the chemical composition of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet contains one or more of, in mass %, Ni: 0.01 to 0.50%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.50%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.2000%, Sb: 0.01 to 0.2000%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Zn: 0.0003 to 0.0050%, La: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Ce: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, O: 0.0020 to 0.1000%, V: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, W: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Nb: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Bi: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Nd: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Y: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, As: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Ga: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Ge: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Co: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, Se: 0.0010 to 0.0100%, and Pb: 0.0010 to 0.0100%.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to examples. Here, the conditions in the examples indicate that they are examples used for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited by the conditions of these examples. Various conditions can be used in the present disclosure as long as it achieves its purpose without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

(2) The slabs having components shown in Table 1A and Table 1B were subjected to hot rolling (sheet thickness of hot-band 2.0 mm), hot-band annealing, cold rolling (total rolling reduction rate: 87.5%), and final annealing to produce non-oriented electrical steel sheets having a sheet thickness of 0.25 mm. In the final annealing, the average heating rate up to the maximum temperature shown in Table 1 was 50? C./sec, and the annealing atmosphere was 20% H.sub.2+80% N.sub.2 (PH.sub.2O/PH.sub.2=0.03). Here, the underlines in the chemical compositions of Table 1A and Table 1B indicate that the composition is outside the scope of the present invention, and ? indicates that a corresponding element content is 0% in a specified significant digit (numerical value to the least significant digit) in the embodiment. In addition, <0.0001 in the amount of B in Table 1 means that it is less than the detection limit value (0.0001%).

(3) The residence times at 700 to 500? C. (high temperature side) and 500 to 200? C. (low temperature side) in cooling for hot-band annealing, the maximum temperature for final annealing, and the average cooling rate were set according to conditions shown in Table 2. Here, in Nos. 4 and 7, hot-band annealing was omitted. Residence time of Nos. 4 and 7 indicates the residence times at 700 to 500? C. and 500 to 200? C. in cooling after winding the hot-rolled steel sheet.

(4) The tensile strength and the impact absorption energy of the obtained non-oriented electrical steel sheet, and the ratio P.sub.120/Fe.sub.700 between crystal grain boundaries and the inside of crystal grains were measured by the above methods. The results are shown in Table 2.

(5) Here, grain boundary/within grains in after final annealing Table 2 means {(P.sub.120B/Fe.sub.700B).sub.B/(P.sub.120i/Fe.sub.700i).sub.i}, and grain boundary/within grains in after core annealing means {(P.sub.120B/Fe.sub.700SB).sub.SB/(P.sub.120Si/Fe.sub.700Si).sub.Si}.

(6) If the impact absorption energy was 200 J/cm.sup.2 or more, it was determined that the impact resistance was exceptional.

(7) In addition, the obtained non-oriented electrical steel sheet was processed into a stator core shape to produce a stator core material and subjected to strain relief annealing (core annealing) for heating and cooling. The heating temperature in the strain relief annealing was 800? C., and the average cooling rate in a range of 700 to 500? C. was 3? C./min. The hysteresis loss (Wh10/400) at 400 Hz was obtained for the processed product after strain relief annealing. The results are shown in Table 2. If Wh10/400 was less than 5.6 W/kg, it was determined that magnetic characteristics were exceptional.

(8) Here, the hysteresis loss was measured by the following method. The iron loss (Wh10/400) of the processed product after strain relief annealing was 400 times Wh10/1 measured according to JIS C 2550 DC-measurement.

(9) The underlines in Table 2 indicate that the values were outside the scope of the present invention or desired properties were not obtained.

(10) According to the present invention, it was confirmed that a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having high strength and exceptional impact resistance could be obtained. In addition, it was confirmed that the stator core made of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention had exceptional magnetic characteristics.

(11) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1A Chemical composition (mass %, remainder: Fe and impurities) Steel sol. type C Si Al Mn Cr P S 0 N Ti Mo B Ni Cu Sn Sb Ca A 0.0020 3.3 0.3 1.0 0.05 0.01 0.0010 0.0023 0.0014 0.0010 0.0053 <0.0001 B 0.0018 3.7 0.3 0.9 0.03 0.01 0.0006 0.0019 0.0028 0.0010 0.0143 0.0001 0.05 0.06 C 0.0017 3.4 1.2 0.5 0.04 0.0022 0.0122 0.0026 0.0024 0.0836 0.0002 0.0010 D 0.0022 3.8 0.2 1.1 0.01 0.01 0.0013 0.0031 0.0018 0.0007 0.0273 0.0008 E 0.0012 3.2 0.8 0.3 0.09 0.07 0.0027 0.0321 0.0024 0.0017 0.0240 0.0004 F 0.0025 3.4 0.7 0.5 0.05 0.02 0.0007 0.0027 0.0021 0.0011 0.0008 0.0004 G 0.0024 3.3 0.5 0.6 0.12 0.01 0.0012 0.0031 0.0027 0.0012 0.0147 0.0007 H 0.0018 3.2 1.1 0.5 0.05 0.01 0.0032 0.0029 0.0024 0.0012 0.0226 0.0006 I 0.0021 3.4 0.7 0.7 0.06 0.02 0.0018 0.0017 0.0022 0.0016 0.0253 0.0013 J 0.0024 3.1 0.4 0.2 0.05 0.05 0.0011 0.0032 0.0022 0.0014 0.0154 0.0002 K 0.0037 4.3 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.0007 0.0023 0.0016 0.0013 0.0047 0.0004 0.0127 0.0040 0.0004 L 0.0025 3.2 1.8 3.1 0.02 0.02 0.0016 0.0034 0.0014 0.0014 0.0133 0.0001 M 0.0024 3.4 0.3 0.5 0.04 0.01 0.0013 0.0027 0.0024 0.0013 0.0117 0.0003 N 0.0023 3.3 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.0014 0.0026 0.0021 0.0013 0.0057 0.0002 O 0.0031 3.3 0.3 0.4 0.03 0.01 0.0011 0.0041 0.0011 0.0017 0.0147 <0.0001 0.0360 0.0041

(12) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1B Steel Chemical composition (mass %, remainder: Fe and impurities) type Zn La Ce V W Zr Nb Mg Bi A B C D E 0.0010 0.0010 F G H I J K 0.0005 L 0.0017 0.0013 0.0008 0.0011 M N O 0.0007 0.0007 0.0009 Steel Chemical composition (mass %, remainder: Fe and impurities) type Nd Y Ga Ge Co Se Pb As A B C D E F G H I J K 0.0006 0.0005 0.0050 L 0.0012 0.0014 0.0011 M N O 0.0030 0.0014

(13) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Hot-band annealing Residence Residence Final annealing time at time at Average Heating 700 to 500 to Maximum cooling Steel time Maintenance 500? C. 200? C. temperature rate No. type (? C.) time (sec) (sec) (sec) (? C.) (? C./s) 1 A 950 40 13 15 810 25 2 A 950 20 5 8 800 25 3 A 975 60 13 15 910 25 4 A No No 130 150 820 25 5 B 1000 40 12 15 850 25 6 B 950 40 13 15 830 17 7 B No No 70 80 850 25 8 B No No 150 110 800 23 9 C 970 100 11 15 870 25 10 C 950 150 10 15 910 25 11 D 975 40 11 15 850 25 12 E 1025 50 11 15 850 25 13 F 1050 40 14 15 850 25 14 G 950 200 10 15 850 25 15 H 975 50 13 15 850 25 16 I 950 60 13 15 850 25 17 J 1000 40 12 15 890 25 18 K 1025 60 10 20 750 30 19 L 950 40 11 15 800 25 20 M 975 50 25 20 890 25 21 N 1000 70 10 20 900 25 22 O 1000 60 15 20 800 30 After final annealing After core annealing Impact (P.sub.120/Fe.sub.700) (P.sub.120/Fe.sub.700) absorption Grain Grain TS energy boundaries/within TS boundaries/within Wh10/400 No. (MPa) (J/cm.sup.2) grains (MPa) grains (W/kg) Note 1 599 244 1.2 547 4.9 5.2 Invention Example 2 594 154 2.1 543 4.5 5.3 Comparative Example 3 564 151 2.1 545 4.2 5.5 Comparative Example 4 589 254 1.1 544 4.7 5.3 Invention Example 5 625 233 1.4 589 4.7 5.3 Invention Example 6 627 114 2.5 590 5.1 5.2 Comparative Example 7 624 126 2.9 587 4.8 5.2 Comparative Example 8 635 113 2.4 588 4.8 5.2 Comparative Example 9 632 201 1.7 600 5.2 5.3 Invention Example 10 617 127 2.8 603 5.2 5.2 Comparative Example 11 636 256 1.1 564 4.1 5.5 Invention Example 12 600 204 1.7 570 5.4 5.1 Invention Example 13 607 141 2.3 549 4.3 5.4 Comparative Example 14 585 135 2.5 565 4.2 5.5 Comparative Example 15 601 129 2.5 575 3.7 5.8 Comparative Example 16 611 125 2.7 524 3.4 5.9 Comparative Example 17 545 201 1.1 525 3.4 6.0 Comparative Example 18 705 243 1.1 636 4.8 5.3 Invention Example 19 710 172 1.8 656 4.7 5.3 Invention Example 20 564 145 2.3 548 3.9 5.7 Comparative Example 21 542 153 2.1 526 4.8 5.2 Comparative Example 22 596 223 1.4 535 5.1 5.2 Invention Example