Multilayer film with electrically switchable optical properties and improved electrical contacting

Abstract

A multilayer film with electrically switchable optical properties, includes arranged areally in the following order a first carrier film, a first electrically conductive layer, an active layer, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second carrier film. The multilayer film has within its area at least one first cutout and the at least one first cutout protrudes in the form of a through-hole through all layers of the multilayer film, the first cutout is filled with an electrically conductive filler compound, which electrically conductingly contacts the first electrically conductive layer within the first cutout, and a first busbar electrically conductingly contacts the electrically conducting filler compound.

Claims

1. A multilayer film with electrically switchable optical properties, at least comprising, arranged areally in the following order: a first carrier film, a first electrically conductive layer, an active layer, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second carrier film, wherein the multilayer film has within its area at least one first cutout and the at least one first cutout protrudes in the form of a through-hole through all layers of the multilayer film such that the at least one first cutout penetrates into the active layer, the first cutout is filled with an electrically conductive filler compound, which electrically conductingly contacts the first electrically conductive layer within the first cutout, and a first busbar electrically conductingly contacts the electrically conducting filler compound, wherein the multilayer film has within its area at least one second cutout in the form of a through-hole through all layers of the multilayer film, the second cutout is filled with an electrically conductive filler compound, which electrically conductingly contacts the second electrically conductive layer within the second cutout, and a second busbar electrically conductingly contacts the electrically conducting filler compound, and wherein the first and second cutouts protrude through all layers of the multilayer film, at least one first layer-free separating line is arranged in the first electrically conductive layer, wherein said at least one first layer-free separating line separates a first electrically insulated edge region comprising the at least one first cutout or the at least one second cutout from a primary surface of the first electrically conductive layer, and at least one second layer-free separating line is arranged in the second electrically conductive layer, wherein said at least one second layer-free separating line separates a second electrically insulated edge region from a primary surface of the second electrically conductive layer, wherein the second electrically insulated edge region of the second electrically conductive layer includes those of the first and second cutouts that do not extend within the first electrically insulated edge region of the first electrically conductive layer.

2. The multilayer film according to claim 1, wherein an electrically conducting connection between the first and second busbars and the respective first and second electrically conductive layers occurs exclusively via the filler compound.

3. The multilayer film according to claim 1, wherein at least two first cutouts and at least two second cutouts are arranged in the multilayer film.

4. The multilayer film according to claim 3, wherein the first cutouts run substantially along the first busbar and the second cutouts run substantially along the second busbar.

5. The multilayer film according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive filler compound includes a metal paste containing at least one conductive metal or one conductive metal alloy.

6. The multilayer film according to claim 5, wherein the metal paste is a silver paste.

7. The multilayer film according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer contain at least one metal, one metal alloy, or one transparent conductive oxide and have a thickness of 10 nm to 2 ?m.

8. The multilayer film according to claim 7, wherein the first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer contain a transparent conductive oxide.

9. The multilayer film according to claim 1, wherein the first carrier film and/or the second carrier film contains at least one non-thermoplastic polymer.

10. The multilayer film according to claim 9, wherein the at least one non-thermoplastic polymer is a polyethylene terephthalate.

11. The multilayer film according to claim 1, wherein the active layer is an SPD, a PDLC, an electrochromic, or an electroluminescent layer.

12. A composite pane at least comprising, areally laminated to one another: a first pane, a first thermoplastic film, the multilayer film according to claim 1, a second thermoplastic film, a second pane.

13. A method comprising utilizing a multilayer film according to claim 1 in motor vehicle glazings, building glazings in the interior or exterior.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the multilayer film is implemented in a motor vehicle glazing.

15. A multilayer film with electrically switchable optical properties, at least comprising, arranged areally in the following order: a first carrier film, a first electrically conductive layer, an active layer, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second carrier film, wherein the multilayer film has within its area at least one first cutout and the at least one first cutout protrudes in the form of a through-hole through all layers of the multilayer film, the first cutout is filled with an electrically conductive filler compound, which electrically conductingly contacts the first electrically conductive layer within the first cutout, and a first busbar electrically conductingly contacts the electrically conducting filler compound, at least two first cutouts and at least two second cutouts are arranged in the multilayer film, the at least two first cutouts run substantially along the first busbar and the at least two second cutouts run substantially along the second busbar, and the at least two first and/or at least two second cutouts are arranged along the entire length of the busbar and wherein a distance between two adjacent first cutouts along the first busbar and/or a distance between two adjacent second cutouts along the second busbar is between 2 mm and 200 mm.

16. The multilayer film according to claim 15, wherein the distance between two adjacent first cutouts along the first busbar and/or the distance between two adjacent second cutouts along the second busbar is between 10 mm and 20 mm.

17. A method for producing a multilayer film with electrically switchable optical properties, the multilayer film including areally in the following order a first carrier film, a first electrically conductive layer, an active layer, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second carrier film, the method comprising: a) providing the multilayer film, b) producing within an area of the multilayer film at least one first cutout that protrudes in the form of a through-hole through all layers of the multilayer film, c) filling the at least one first cutout with an electrically conductive filler compound, which electrically conductingly contacts the first electrically conductive layer within the first cutout, and d) applying a first busbar on an outer surface of the first carrier film in the region of the first cutout, wherein step d) occurs before or after step c) and wherein at least the first electrically conductive layer is electrically contacted with the first busbar via the electrically conductive filler compound.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein before, during, or after step b), at least one second cutout is produced as a through-hole in the primary surface of the multilayer film, the at least one second cutout is filled with an electrically conductive filler compound, a second busbar is applied on an outer surface of the second carrier film in the region of the electrically conductive filler compound and is electrically contacted with the electrically conducting filler compound, wherein at least the second electrically conductive layer is contacted with the second busbar via the electrically conductive filler compound.

Description

(1) In the following, the invention is explained in detail with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not true to scale. The drawings in no way restrict the invention.

(2) They depict:

(3) FIG. 1a a plan view of a multilayer film 1 according to the invention with electrically switchable optical properties, wherein the electrically conductive layers 3 and 4 are contacted with busbars 9.1 and 9.2 via an electrically conductive filler compound 8,

(4) FIG. 1b a cross-section through the multilayer film 1 of FIG. 1a along the section line AA,

(5) FIG. 2 the composite pane 11 according to the invention including the multilayer film 1 of FIGS. 1a and 1b, which is laminated between the two panes 12, 13 by means of two thermoplastic films 14, 15, shown along the section line AA analogously to FIG. 1a,

(6) FIG. 3 an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

(7) FIGS. 1a and 1b depict a multilayer film 1 according to the invention with electrically switchable optical properties. The multilayer film 1 comprises a first carrier film 5 and a second carrier film 6, wherein a first electrically conductive layer 3 is applied on a surface of the first carrier film 5, whereas a surface of the second carrier film 6 has a second electrically conductive layer 4. An active layer 2 is situated between the electrically conductive layers 3, 4. The active layer 2 is a PDLC layer. The carrier films 5, 6 are made in each case of a PET film with a thickness of 200 ?m. The electrically conductive layers 3, 4 are layer systems that contain, for example, three electrically conductive silver layers that are separated from one another by dielectric layers. In the vicinity of two opposing edges of the multilayer film 1, a row of first cutouts 7.1 is made along one edge, and a row of second cutouts 7.2 is made along the opposite edge. In the region of the cutouts 7, the layer stack comprising the first carrier film 5, the first electrically conductive layer 3, the active layer 2, the second electrically conductive layer 4, and the carrier film 6 is completely removed. The first cutouts 7.1 and the second cutouts 7.2 are, consequently, made as through-holes. The cutouts 7 have a diameter of 6 mm and are arranged along the respective busbar 9, substantially parallel to the closest edge of the multilayer film 1. The first cutouts 7.1 have a distance of approx. 16.7 mm between them (in each case to the most closely adjacent cutout). The second cutouts 7.2 also have, analogously, a distance of approx. 16.7 mm between each other. In the region of the first cutouts 7.1, a first busbar 9.1 is arranged on the outer surface of the first carrier film 5. The first busbar 9.1 covers all of the first cutouts 7.1. In this context, outer surface of the carrier films refers to the surface facing away from the active layer. On the outer surface of the second carrier film 6, the cutouts 7.1 are exposed and not covered by a busbar. Via this opening, an electrically conductive filler compound 8, here a silver printing paste, was filled into the first cutouts 7.1. The electrically conductive filler compound 8 fills the first cutouts 7.1 substantially completely. The transition between the filler compound and the cross-section of the multilayer film 1 need not mandatorily be rectilinear. Depending on the configuration of the multilayer 1 and the filler compound 8, the silver printing paste can be locally delimited in the multilayer film 1, for example, penetrate into the active layer 2. Consequently, there is a large contact surface between the filler compound 8 and the multilayer film 1 such that a good mechanical and electrical connection is ensured. The filler compound 8 electrically conductingly contacts the first electrically conductive layer 3, and the second electrically conductive layer 4 contacts the first busbar 9.1. Analogously, a second busbar 9.2 is applied on the outer surface of the second carrier film 6 in the region of the second cutouts 7.2. The second busbar 9.2 covers all the second cutouts 7.2. The cutouts 7.2 are exposed on the outer surface of the first carrier film 5 opposite the second busbar 9.2. Here, again, this opening can be used for filling with the electrically conductive filler compound 8 in the form of a silver printing paste. The electrically conductive filler compound 8 fills the second cutouts 7.2 substantially completely and can also spread, as described for the first cutouts 7.1, into parts of the multilayer film 1. The filler compound 8 within the second cutouts 7.2 establishes an electrical contact between the first electrically conductive layer 3, the second electrically conductive layer 4, and the second busbar 9.2. In order to avoid a direct electrical contact of the two busbars 9 and an associated short-circuit, one of the electrically conductive layers of, in each case, one of the busbars is electrically insulated such that each busbar is in contact with only one electrically conductive layer. In this case, a separating line 10 is introduced into the first electrically conductive layer 3, which line separates an electrically insulated edge region 16 including the second cutouts 7.2 from the remaining primary surface of the layer 3. There is thus no electrical contact between the primary surface of the first electrically conductive layer 3 and the second busbar 9.2 after introduction of the separating line 10. The primary surface of the first electrically conductive layer 3 is the surface between the separating line 10 situated therein and the first cutout 9.1. Analogously, in the second electrically conductive layer 4, a separating line 10 is introduced, which line separates an electrically insulated edge region 16 including the first cutouts 7.1, from the remaining primary surface of the electrically conductive layer 4. Thus, after introduction of the separating line 10, there is likewise no electrical contact between the primary surface of the second electrically conductive layer 4 and the first busbar 9.1. The separating lines 10 have a width of 200 ?m. The primary surface of the second electrically conductive layer 4 is the surface between the separating line 10 situated therein and the second cutout 9.2. Generally, when contacting the electrically conductive layers, it must be ensured that exactly one busbar is associated with each electrically conductive layer. The busbars can either be arranged on the same carrier film or, as shown in FIG. 1b, be positioned on different carrier films. The busbars 9 have a length of 200 mm, measured along the cutouts 7 substantially parallel to the outer edge of the multilayer film 1. The present multilayer film is intended to be used as a sun visor of a motor vehicle. The busbars 9 are arranged such that, after lamination of the multilayer film in a composite pane and installation of the composite pane as a windshield in a motor vehicle body, they run along the pane edges adjacent the A-pillars. There are 12 first cutouts 7.1 arranged along the first busbar 9.1, while, analogously, there are 12 second cutouts 7.2 along the second busbar 9.2. Thus, good contacting of the respective electrically conductive layer 3, 4 can be ensured and uniform current distribution can be achieved.

(8) The electrical contacting according to the invention of the electrically conductive layers of the multilayer film via the layer cross-section ensures mechanically stable contacting. Furthermore, damage to the electrically conductive layers is avoided. In comparison, in the prior art, damage to the electrically conductive layer to be exposed often occurs due to manual cutting back of the layer stack in the edge region and subsequent removal of the active layer. The active layer is usually removed by wiping with a solvent, wherein, for example, the liquid crystals contained in a PDLC layer can leave scratches in the underlying electrically conductive layer. Moreover, this step is difficult to automate since extreme care is necessary, on the one hand, to ensure complete removal of the active layer and, on the other, to avoid the described damage to the electrically conductive layer. Residues of the active layer and also scratches both have a significant negative impact on contact quality. The multilayer film according to the invention and the method according to the invention are superior to that since high contact quality without possible damage to the layers is ensured and the production of the multilayer film can be easily automated.

(9) The multilayer film according to the invention of FIGS. 1a and 1b can be used in the conventional composite panes including multilayer films with electrically controllable optical properties known to the person skilled in the art. The dimensions of the multilayer film itself as well as the length of the busbars depend on the size of the desired application. Multilayer films with switchable optical properties are used, for example, as sun visors in windshields. In this case, the multilayer film is used only in the part of the composite pane in which the controllable optical properties are desired. In an application as a sun visor, based on the installed state of the windshield, this is usually the upper portion of the pane adjacent to the roof edge of the car body. Such a sun visor has, for example, a height of 20 cm. The multilayer film is accordingly cut to size. Also known, however, are applications in which the multilayer film is integrated into the composite pane over a large area. These include, for example, composite panes as a glass roofs of motor vehicles. Often, in such cases, a PDLC element is introduced in the entire translucent region of the composite pane. The invention improves, as described, the electrical contacting in all these exemplary embodiments.

(10) FIG. 2 depicts the composite pane 11 according to the invention, wherein the multilayer film 1 of FIGS. 1a and 1b is laminated between two panes 12, 13 via two thermoplastic films 14, 15. The view of FIG. 2 corresponds to a cross-section of the composite pane analogous to the cross-section depicted in FIG. 1a along the section line AA. A first thermoplastic film 14 is placed on the first pane 12; the multilayer film 1 of FIGS. 1a and 1b follows the thermoplastic film 14. The multilayer film 1 is covered by a second thermoplastic film 15 and the layer stack is completed by the second pane 13. The thermoplastic films 14, 15 have in each case a thickness of 0.76 mm and are made of PVB. The panes 12 and 13 are made of glass. The multilayer film 1 can also be inserted only in parts of the composite pane 11. A preferred exemplary application is the use of multilayer films according to the invention as band filters of a windshield. In this case, the multilayer film 1 would be inserted only in the film composite in the region of the composite pane adjacent to the roof edge, based on the installed state of the glazing. In the remaining area of the windshield, the panes 12, 13 are joined only via the thermoplastic films 14, 15. Of course, optional additional elements, for instance, further electrically switchable multilayer films or other functional elements can be present. For the sake of simplification, a three-dimensional bend of the composite pane is not shown in FIG. 2. In particular, when the composite pane is used as a vehicle glazing, this is, however, preferably present. In the region of the cutouts, the panes 12, 13 can optionally be provided with an opaque coating 17. This masks the cutouts as well as the busbars such that these are not visible to the observer. Such masking by means of black printing is familiar to the person skilled in the art.

(11) FIG. 3 depicts a preferred embodiment of the method, comprising the steps: I Providing a multilayer film 1, II Introducing a separating line 10 by laser in the first electrically conductive layer 3, which line separates an electrically insulated edge region 16 from the remaining area of the first electrically conductive layer 3, and Introducing a separating line 10 by laser in the second electrically conductive layer 4, which separates an electrically insulated edge region 16 from the remaining area of the second electrically conductive layer 4. III Punching a plurality of first cutouts 7.1 in the form of through-holes in the electrically insulated edge region 16 which was produced in step II by a separating line 10 in the first electrically conductive layer 3 and Punching a plurality of second cutouts 7.2 in the form of through-holes in the electrically insulated edge region 16 which was produced in step II by a separating line 10 in the second electrically conductive layer, IV Placing a first busbar 9.1 on the outer surface of the first carrier film 5 in the region of the first cutouts 7.1 and fixing the busbar 9.1 by means of an adhesive strip and Placing a second busbar 9.2 on the outer surface of the second carrier film 6 in the region of the second cutouts 7.2 and fixing the busbar 9.2 by means of an adhesive strip, V Filling the first cutouts 7.1 and the second cutouts 7.2 with an electrically conductive filler compound 8.

(12) The introduction of the separating lines per step II can be done at any time during the procedure. Preferably, the separating lines are introduced immediately after providing the multilayer film, since the multilayer film has, at this time, a completely flat surface and has no other components, such as busbars. This facilitates automated laser processing, especially in terms of automated film transport.

(13) The resultant multilayer film 1 according to the invention has mechanically stable and reliable electrical contacting of the electrically conductive layers 3, 4 via the filler compound 8. Connecting the busbars 9.1, 9.2 to an external voltage source results in a voltage being applied to the electrically conductive layers 3, 4. The electrically conductive layers 3, 4 act as surface electrodes of the active layer 2 situated therebetween. The first busbar 9.1 contacts the second electrically conductive layer 4, while the first electrically conductive layer 3 contacts the second busbar 9.2.

LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS

(14) 1 multilayer film with electrically switchable optical properties 2 active layer of the multilayer film 1 3 first electrically conductive layer of the multilayer film 1 4 second electrically conductive layer of the multilayer film 1 first carrier film of the multilayer film 1 6 second carrier film of the multilayer film 1 7 cutouts 7.1 first cutouts 7.2 second cutouts 8 electrically conductive filler compound 9 busbar 9.1 first busbar 9.2 second busbar 10 layer-free separating line 11 composite pane 12 first pane 13 second pane 14 first thermoplastic film 15 second thermoplastic film 16 electrically insulated edge region 17 opaque coating A-A section line