Method and mechanism for releasing hydraulic elevator brakes

Abstract

A method and a mechanism for releasing a hydraulically actuated elevator brake system wherein the brake release mechanism includes a rotary pump, a crank handle to manually turn the rotary pump, a fluid supply port, a fluid return port, an output port for connection to a cylinder of the brake system, a rapid exhaust valve having an inlet port connected via the rotary pump to the fluid supply port, a cylinder port selectively connectable to the output port, and an exhaust port connected to the fluid return port. By turning the rotary pump, for example with the crank handle, a continuous flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid is delivered through the rapid exhaust valve and onto the brake cylinder, thereby releasing the hydraulic brake system.

Claims

1. A brake release mechanism for a hydraulic elevator brake system comprising: a rotary pump; a crank handle adapted to manually operate the rotary pump; a fluid supply port connected to an inlet of the rotary pump; a fluid return port connected to an outlet of the rotary pump; an output port connected to the outlet of the rotary pump and adapted for connection to a brake cylinder of the brake system; a rapid exhaust valve having an inlet port connected via the outlet of the rotary pump to the fluid supply port, a cylinder port connectable to the output port, and an exhaust port connected to the fluid return port; and wherein the rotary pump is operable to provide a continuous flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid through the fluid supply port to the rapid exhaust valve, the rapid exhaust valve diverting the hydraulic fluid through the cylinder port to the output port and to the brake cylinder above a threshold pressure of the hydraulic fluid, and the rapid exhaust valve closing the inlet port below the threshold pressure of the hydraulic fluid.

2. The brake release mechanism according to claim 1 wherein the crank handle is removable from the rotary pump.

3. The brake release mechanism according to claim 2 including a switch monitoring a position of the crank handle.

4. The brake release mechanism according to claim 1 including an electric motor connected to drive the rotary pump.

5. The brake release mechanism according to claim 4 including a freewheeling device connected between the electric motor and the rotary pump wherein the electric motor when de-energized does not hinder manual operation of the rotary pump by the crank handle.

6. The brake release mechanism according to claim 1 including a reservoir connected to the fluid supply port and to the fluid return port.

7. The brake release mechanism according to claim 1 including an input port connected to receive pressurized fluid from a brake release actuator and connected to the output port.

8. The brake release mechanism according to claim 7 including a hand-operated switchover valve selectively connecting the output port alternatively to the input port and to the cylinder port of the rapid exhaust valve.

9. The brake release mechanism according to claim 8 including a switch mounted in conjunction with the hand-operated valve.

10. The brake release mechanism according to claim 1 wherein, so long as a sufficient fluid pressure is maintained by the rotary pump, the brake cylinder is released and, if the rotary pump stops rotation, a resulting pressure differential immediately actuates the rapid exhaust valve to close the brake cylinder.

11. A method for releasing a hydraulic elevator brake system comprising the steps of: providing a rotary pump and a rapid exhaust valve in a hydraulic circuit connected from a reservoir of hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic brake cylinder of the brake system, a fluid supply port connected to an inlet of the rotary pump, a fluid return port connected to an outlet of the rotary pump, an output port connected to the outlet of the rotary pump and adapted for connection to the brake cylinder of the brake system, and the rapid exhaust valve having an inlet port connected via the outlet of the rotary pump to the fluid supply port, a cylinder port connectable to the output port, and an exhaust port connected to the fluid return port; providing a crank handle to manually operate the rotary pump; operating the rotary pump with the crank handle to deliver pressurized hydraulic fluid from the rotary pump through the rapid exhaust valve and onto the brake cylinder; and wherein the rotary pump is operable to provide a continuous flow of the pressurized hydraulic fluid through the fluid supply port to the rapid exhaust valve, the rapid exhaust valve diverting the hydraulic fluid through the cylinder port to the output port and to the brake cylinder above a threshold pressure of the hydraulic fluid, and the rapid exhaust valve closing the inlet port below the threshold pressure of the hydraulic fluid.

12. The method according to claim 11 further including a step of monitoring a position of the crank handle.

13. The method according to claim 12 wherein if the crank handle is removed from a predetermined storage position an electric motor driving the rotary pump is de-energized.

14. The method according to claim 12 wherein if the crank handle is connected to the rotary pump an electric motor driving the rotary pump is de-energized.

15. The method according to claim 11 further including a step of monitoring a hand-operated switchover valve connected between the rapid exhaust valve and the brake cylinder to selectively connect or disconnect a fluid supply therebetween.

16. The method according to claim 15 wherein if the hand-operated valve permits fluid flow between the rapid exhaust valve and the brake cylinder, a signal is output to prevent a brake release actuator from supplying pressurized fluid to the brake cylinder.

17. The method according to claim 11 wherein, so long as a sufficient fluid pressure is maintained by the rotary pump, the brake cylinder is released and, if the rotary pump stops rotation, a resulting pressure differential immediately actuates the rapid exhaust valve to close the brake cylinder.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The disclosure refers to the following figures:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic of the hydraulics of a manual brake release mechanism according to the present invention interconnected between an existing hydraulic brake release actuator and associated brake system;

(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the brake release mechanism of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a further perspective view of the brake release mechanism of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic of the hydraulics of a further brake release mechanism according to the present invention; and

(6) FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the brake release mechanism of FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(7) FIGS. 1-3 show a brake release mechanism 1 according to the present invention which is designed to be manually operated on a temporary basis, so as to evacuate passengers trapped in an elevator car for example, should an existing brake release actuator 50 fail to deliver sufficient pressure to release an associated hydraulic brake system 70 as can happen during a power outage.

(8) As best illustrated in the schematic FIG. 1, the manual brake release mechanism 1 is located in the hydraulic circuits between the brake release actuator 50 and the hydraulic brake system 70. In the present example two independent hydraulic circuits are employed to feed the brake system 70 as it contains two brake cylinders 72 to satisfy the necessary redundancy braking requirement previously discussed. However, it will be appreciated that the manual brake release mechanism 1 can be designed to accommodate any number of hydraulic circuits. Furthermore, although FIG. 1 is a hydraulic schematic specifically illustrating the brake release mechanism 1 in manual mode, it can also be used in conjunction with the description below to explain how the mechanism 1 functions in the alternative, automatic mode.

(9) The actuator 50 comprises a valve block 51 mounted on a reservoir 56 containing hydraulic fluid. Fluid output ports 64 on the valve block 51 are connected by hydraulic ducts to input ports 36 provided on the manual brake release mechanism 1. In a similar manner, output ports 34 on the manual brake release mechanism 1 are hydraulically connected to the brake cylinders 72.

(10) In normal or automatic operation, an electric motor 54 operates a circulating pump 52 to deliver pressurized fluid from the reservoir 56 through check valves 60. The pressure of the fluid is regulated by a pressure limiting valve 58. Depending on the operating state of 2/2 way solenoid valves 62 within the valve block 51, the pressurized fluid will be either delivered to the outlet ports 64 or alternatively drained back to the reservoir 56.

(11) In an energized state, the pressurized fluid is delivered through the outlet ports 64 of the valve block 51, through the input ports 36 of the manual brake release mechanism 1 and, although not depicted in FIG. 1, diverted therein to the outlet ports 34 and on towards brake cylinders 72. Within each cylinder 72, the pressurized fluid acts on one side of a brake piston 74 to counteract the biasing force of a compression spring 76 acting on the other side of the piston 74. Accordingly as the pressure of the fluid increases, the piston 74 moves to further compress the spring 76 (in the left direction in FIG. 1) and thereby release a piston mounted brake shoe 80 and an opposing brake shoe 82 from engagement with the opposing sides of a brake disc 90 mounted to the motor shaft 92 of an elevator drive. Hence, when the solenoid valves 62 are energized during automatic operation, the hydraulic brake system 70 is released or opened to permit rotation of the motor shaft 92 of the elevator drive.

(12) Conversely, when the solenoid valves 62 are de-energized, any pressurized fluid within the hydraulic circuits is drained back to the reservoir 56. Consequently, the pressure of the fluid with the brake cylinders 72 is no longer sufficient to counteract the biasing force of the compression springs 76 and the brake piston 74 and brake shoes 80, 82 will reassume their original positions to halt rotation of the brake disc 90 and thereby brake the motor shaft 92 of the elevator drive.

(13) Having explained the automatic operation above, the following description will further detail the manual brake release mechanism 1 and how it is used by a technician to manually release the hydraulic brake system 70.

(14) FIGS. 2 and 3 are perspective views of the physical brake release mechanism 1 from above and below, respectively. In addition to the previously described hydraulic input ports 36 from the valve block 51 and output ports 34 to the to the brake cylinders 72, the brake release mechanism 1 also has a fluid supply port 30 and a fluid return port 32, both for connection to the reservoir 56. A crank handle 4 is provided to manually operate a rotary pump 2 within the release mechanism 1. A hand operated slide lever 20 is used to switch the release mechanism 1 from automatic mode for operation, in the position illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, to manual mode of operation. A supervisory switch 24 monitors the position of the slide lever 20.

(15) To commence manual operation, the technician slides the lever 20 from the automatic position shown in FIG. 2 to the manual position to the right of the figure. In doing so, the hydraulic circuit shown in FIG. 1 is fully established wherein switchover valves 22 operated by the lever 20 disconnect the input ports 36 from the output ports 34 of the release mechanism 1. Conventionally, the manual mode would be required to evacuate trapped passengers in a power outage, in which case the 2/2 way solenoid valves 62 would automatically assume their de-energized positions returning any pressurized fluid within the actuator 50 back to the reservoir 56. However, in other circumstances, for example during commission testing, power is still available. In those circumstances, a signal from the supervisory switch 24 can be used to ensure that the solenoid valves 62 are in their de-energized positions.

(16) Then, upon manually turning the crank handle 4, the rotary pump 2 delivers a continuous flow of pressurized fluid via the fluid supply port 30 from the reservoir 56 to quick or rapid exhaust valves 10. The pressure of the fluid is regulated by a pressure limiting valve 8. The pressurized fluid is presented to an inlet port 12 of each rapid exhaust valve 10. Once the pressure is sufficient, the rapid exhaust valves 10 actuate to divert the fluid through cylinder ports 14 via the switchover valves 22 and to the output ports 34 where, as before in automatic mode, it is forwarded on towards brake cylinders 72. As the pressure of the fluid increases, the piston 74 moves to further compress the spring 76 (in the left direction in FIG. 1) and thereby release a piston mounted brake shoe 80 and an opposing brake shoe 82 from engagement with the opposing sides of a brake disc 90 mounted to the motor shaft 92 of an elevator drive thereby resulting in brake release.

(17) If the speed at which the crank handle 4 is rotated slows and the pressure of the fluid developed thereby drops to a level at which the pressurized fluid is no longer sufficient to counteract the biasing force of the compression springs 76, then the rapid exhaust valves 10 are actuated such that the inlet ports 12 are closed. Hydraulic fluid then backflows from the brake cylinders 72 through the cylinder ports 14 and drains through exhaust ports 16 in the rapid exhaust valves 10 to the reservoir 56 via the fluid return port 32 of the manual brake release mechanism 1 and the brake system 70 will reclose.

(18) The manual brake release mechanism 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 was specifically, but not exclusively designed for modernizing or retrofit existing installations and is relatively easily interconnected in the hydraulic circuits between an existing hydraulic brake release actuator 50 and associated brake system 70.

(19) FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention whereby the functions of the separate hydraulic brake release actuator 50 and manual brake release mechanism 1 have been combined into a brake release mechanism 1. The brake release mechanism 1 is not only operable in manual mode on a temporary basis, so as to evacuate passengers trapped in an elevator car, but also provides pressurized fluid to the cylinders 72 to release the hydraulic brake system during automatic mode.

(20) The brake release mechanism 1 is essentially the same as in the previously described embodiment and therefore, so as to avoid repetition, further explanation of features and functions common to both embodiments is believed unnecessary and incorporated by reference to the description above.

(21) The fluid reservoir 56 in this example is incorporated within the brake release mechanism 1 so that working hydraulic fluid drawn into and drained out of the fluid supply port 30 and fluid return port 32 from the reservoir 56 directly.

(22) Another notable feature of this embodiment is that the crank handle 4 is removable. The supervisory switch 24 can be positioned to actuate when the crank handle 4 is attached or inserted into the rotary pump 2, but more preferably is located so as to monitor whether the detached crank handle 4 is stored at a predetermined storage location. An electric motor 40 is integrated in the brake release mechanism 1 and is coupled by a belt 42 or equivalent means to the rotary pump 2 to effect simultaneous rotation thereof. The motor 40 and its connection 42 to the rotary pump 2 are equipped with a freewheeling device or equivalent means to ensure that the motor 40 when de-energized does not hinder manual operation of the pump 2 by the crank handle 4.

(23) When the crank handle 4 is detached and stored its predetermined storage location, the brake release mechanism 1 operates in automatic mode whereby the integrated electric motor 40 drives the rotary pump 2 to deliver pressurized hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 56, through the rapid exhaust valves 10, through the output ports 34 and on to the cylinders 72 of the hydraulic brake system 70.

(24) On the contrary, when the crank handle 4 is removed from its storage location or inserted into the rotary pump 2 dependent upon where the supervisory switch 24 is located, the brake release mechanism 1 reverts to manual mode and the motor 40 is automatically de-energized. As in the previous embodiment, the handle 4 once inserted into the rotary pump 2 can be used to release the hydraulic brake system 70.

(25) Having illustrated and described the principles of the disclosed technologies, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosed embodiments can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of the disclosed technologies can be applied, it should be recognized that the illustrated embodiments are only examples of the technologies and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.

(26) In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the present invention has been described in what is considered to represent its preferred embodiment. However, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its spirit or scope.