REVERSE CATENARY MUFFLE

Abstract

A reverse catenary muffle, and method of forming same, includes a planar lower surface, and first and second sidewalls extending upwardly in parallel relation from opposite, first and second edges, respectively, of the lower surface. A concave arch-shaped upper surface extending from upper ends of the first and second sidewalls wherein upper portions of the arch-shaped upper surface are defined at an interconnection of the upper surface with the sidewalls, and a central portion of the upper surface spaced from the lower surface.

Claims

1. A muffle adapted to receive associated material/parts from an associated furnace, the muffle comprising: a planar lower surface; first and second sidewalls extending upwardly in parallel relation from opposite, first and second edges, respectively, of the lower surface; and an upper surface extending from upper ends of the first and second sidewalls, wherein the upper surface has at least a portion thereof that is a concave, arch-shape.

2. The muffle of claim 1 wherein the concave, arch-shape extends from the first sidewall to the second sidewall.

3. The muffle of claim 2 wherein upper portions of the arch-shaped upper surface are defined at an interconnection of the upper surface with the sidewalls.

4. The muffle of claim 3 wherein a central portion of the upper surface is spaced from the lower surface.

5. The muffle of claim 4 further including longitudinally spaced supports that provide strength to the upper surface.

6. The muffle of claim 1 wherein upper portions of the arch-shaped upper surface are defined at an interconnection of the upper surface with the sidewalls.

7. The muffle of claim 6 wherein a central portion of the upper surface is spaced from the lower surface.

8. The muffle of claim 6 including longitudinally spaced supports that provide strength to the upper surface.

9. The muffle of claim 1 including longitudinally spaced supports that provide strength to the upper surface.

10. A method of forming a muffle comprising: providing a lower surface; positioning first and second sidewalls along opposite edges of the lower surface that extend upwardly therefrom; and securing an upper surface to the sidewalls wherein at least a portion of the upper surface has a concave arch-shape.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising extending the concave arch-shape of the upper surface from the first sidewall to the second sidewall.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the securing step includes interconnecting upper portions of the arch-shaped upper surface are defined at an interconnection of the upper surface with the first and second sidewalls.

13. The method of claim 12 further including spacing a central portion of the upper surface from the lower surface.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising providing supports at longitudinally spaced locations to provide strength to the upper surface.

15. The method of claim 10 wherein the securing step includes interconnecting upper portions of the arch-shaped upper surface with the first and second sidewalls.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the securing step includes interconnecting upper portions of the arch-shaped upper surface with upper ends of the first and second sidewalls.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising providing supports at longitudinally spaced locations to provide strength to the upper surface.

18. The method of claim 10 wherein the securing step includes interconnecting upper portions of the arch-shaped upper surface at an upper ends of the first and second sidewalls.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising providing supports at longitudinally spaced locations to provide strength to the upper surface.

20. The method of claim 10 further comprising providing supports at longitudinally spaced locations to provide strength to the upper surface.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art muffle that includes a convex catenary arch forming an upper surface of the muffle.

[0016] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a muffle formed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along the lines 3-3 of FIG. 2.

[0018] FIG. 4 is an elevational view of the entrance end of the muffle.

[0019] FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the exit end of the muffle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] FIG. 1 shows a prior art arrangement of a muffle 100 that includes a first or generally planar lower surface 102, and first and second sidewalls or piers 104, 106 extending upwardly in substantially perpendicular relation from opposite edges of the lower surface. Interconnecting the sidewalls 104, 106 is a convex-shaped upper surface or catenary arch 110. Together, the lower surface 102, sidewalls 104, 106, and arch 110 enclose a cavity 120 that is sealed from the ambient environment. That is, the portions defining the muffle 100 are sealed together, typically welded together, so that the cavity 120 defines an atmosphere that is an integral part of high temperature processes such as sintering, brazing, annealing, hardening, and carburizing required in connection with the manufacture of material or components/products/parts. The material and products may be associated with a wide variety of industries such as transportation, pulp and paper, petrochemical, primary metals, rod, wire, nonferrous metals, heat treating, powdered metals, general manufacturing, plant engineering, etc., although the list is intended to be exemplary and not limiting.

[0021] The convex arch 110 is commonly used as at least a portion or the arch forms the entire upper surface of the muffle. The shape of the catenary arch 110 is well known to evenly distribute forces over the arch and generally limits stress points that would potentially lead to a premature failure or abbreviated useful life. It is not uncommon that if a failure were to occur, at least a portion of the arch 110 buckles or collapses downwardly toward the lower surface, impinging into the cavity 120.

[0022] FIGS. 2-5 illustrate a new muffle 200. The muffle 200 includes a generally planar first or lower surface 202, and first and second sidewalls or piers 204, 206 that extend upwardly in substantially perpendicular relation from opposite edges of the lower surface. An upper surface 210 preferably also includes a catenary arch over a portion or an entirety of the upper surface. The lower surface 202, piers 204, 206, and upper surface 210 enclose a cavity 220 of the muffle 200.

[0023] In contrast to the design of FIG. 1, the arch 210 of FIGS. 2-5 has a concave shape rather than a convex shape. The upper surface may be strengthened by longitudinally spaced supports 222 that act as rafters or beams to provide strength to the upper surface. This concave shape of the upper surface 210 is advantageous for a number of reasons. First, the same benefits of evenly distributing forces over the arch 210 and generally limiting stress points that might lead to a premature failure or abbreviated useful life are retained with the concave shape. In addition, thermal cycling associated with the muffle 200 would not likely cause collapse, buckling, or a similar failure in a downward direction as potentially experienced with the prior art muffle 100 of FIG. 1. Rather, the concave shape of the arch 210 already adopts a lower potential energy conformation when compared to the convex shape of the arch 110 of the prior art. Gravity acts downwardly on the upper surfaces of the muffles 100, 200whether the force of gravity places the upper wall under compressive forces (in compression) with the convex shape of the arch 110 of the prior art, or whether gravity places the upper wall under tensile forces (in tension) due to the concave shape of the arch 210 of FIGS. 2-5.

[0024] Slight modifications to the design of a typical muffle 100 may be required to accommodate the concave arch 210 in the muffle 200 of FIGS. 2-5. Specifically, in order to accommodate the same type of material or product (not shown) that is advanced along the lower surface 202 through the muffle 200 by a conventional belt, conveyor, pusher element, etc. (not shown) as would be received in the muffle 100 of the prior art arrangement, it may be necessary to increase the height of the sidewalls 204, 206 so that a lowermost point of the concave arch 210 would clear the material/product advancing through the muffle 200. Thus the arch 210 has a minimum spacing relative to the lower surface 202 at a location between the sidewalls 204, 206, and the minimum spacing is preferably at a mid-span location of the upper wall. On the other hand, it is believed that the volume of cavity 220 and cross-sectional area defined between the lower surface 202, concave arch 210, and sidewalls 204, 206 of muffle 200 shown in FIGS. 2-5 would be decreased in comparison to the volume of cavity 120 and the corresponding cross-sectional area defined between the lower surface 102, convex arch 110, and sidewalls 104, 106 of the muffle 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0025] It is estimated that life of the muffle may increase at least two-fold without any decrease in performance. The cavity 220 of the muffle 200 would still provide a controlled atmosphere for thermally processing the material or parts passing therethrough, the materials of construction (for example stainless steel which is commonly usedagain this identification of a preferred material of construction should not limit the present disclosure) would not be different than the construction materials used for the prior art muffle 100. Likewise, interconnection of the muffle 200 with the furnace (not shown) or downstream components (not shown) at the entrance and exit of the muffle, respectively, would essentially remain unchanged. For example, flanges 230, 232 provided at the respective entrance and exit of the muffle 200 would be similar to connecting flanges or other conventional structures used in the prior art muffle 100. This, of course, would also be useful in retrofitting or replacing existing muffles 100 with the new muffle 200 since the dimensional footprint would be similar. Although design parameters may vary due to the new cross-sectional shape and reduced volume associated with the muffle 200, it is also anticipated that there may be an overall energy savings since a lower volume of atmosphere passes through the muffle cavity 222 that has a reduced cross-section and reduced overall volume as a result of incorporating the reverse, concave arch 210 when compared with prior art arrangements.

[0026] This written description uses examples to describe the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the disclosure. Other examples that occur to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the invention if they have structural elements that do not differ from the same concept, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences.