Abstract
The present invention relates to a viscosity modifying, demulsifier and flow improver composition for use in (crude) petroleum, its method of manufacture, and its uses, among them, to improve the flowability of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils, to increase the production of oil in the well and to improve the quality of the oil permanently produced from the addition of a formulated product containing conditioned organic surfactants for each type of crude oil.
Claims
1. A viscosity-modifying and demulsifier composition, characterized by comprising: (a) from 50% to 60% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) from 35% to 49% by volume of a liquid lipid mixture; and (c) from 1% to 5% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition; and further characterized in that said liquid lipid mixture is represented by the formula: ##STR00003## wherein: R is a hydrocarbon with single and/or double bonds, wherein R has 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that said liquid lipid mixture comprises: 80% by volume of unsaturated lipids, and 20% by volume of saturated lipids, relative to the total volume of said lipid mixture.
3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that said petroleum distillate is from C.sub.8 to C.sub.16, and wherein said petroleum distillate has low volatility.
4. The composition according claim 1, characterized in that it is a homogeneous mixture, and wherein said composition further comprises dyes and/or aromatizing agents.
5. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that said phospholipids are represented by the formula: ##STR00004## wherein: R1 is a hydrocarbon having single and/or double bonds, wherein R1 has from 14 to 20 carbon atoms; and R2 is a hydrocarbon with single and/or double bonds, wherein R2 has from 11 to 17 carbon atoms.
6. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises substantially organic substances.
7. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is lubricant, non-corrosive, having low volatility, not containing water and not containing a solid phase.
8. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it does not contain aromatic solvents, such as benzene, toluene and/or xylene.
9. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is for use in heavy and/or extra-heavy crude oil, wherein the heavy and/or extra-heavy crude oil is selected from the group consisting of paraffinic, aromatic and asphaltenic.
10. The composition according to claim 9, characterized in that the volume of said composition is in the range of from 3 to 5% of the total volume, according to the classification of the heavy or extra-heavy crude oil, wherein said composition is applied.
11. The composition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: (a) from 50 to 54% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) from 43 to 49% by volume of liquid lipid mixture; and (c) from 1 to 3% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition, wherein said composition is for use in heavy crude oil.
12. The composition according to claim 11, characterized by comprising: (a) 52% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) 46% by volume of liquid lipid mixture; and (c) 2% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition, wherein said composition is for use in paraffinic heavy crude oil.
13. The composition according to claim 11, characterized by comprising: (a) 50% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) 49% by volume of liquid lipid mixture; and (c) 1% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition, wherein said composition is for use in heavy aromatic crude oil.
14. The composition according to claim 11, characterized by comprising: (a) 54% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) 43% by volume of liquid lipid mixture; and (c) 3% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition, wherein said composition is for use in crude asphaltenic crude oil.
15. The composition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: (a) from 56 to 60% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) from 35 to 40% by volume of liquid lipid mixture; and (c) from 4 to 5% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition, wherein said composition is for use in extra-heavy crude oil.
16. The composition according to claim 15, characterized by comprising: (a) 58% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) 37% by volume of liquid lipid mixture; and (c) 5% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition, wherein said composition is for use in extra-heavy paraffinic crude oil.
17. The composition according to claim 15, characterized by comprising: (a) 56% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) 40% by volume of liquid lipid mixture; and (c) 4% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition, wherein said composition is for use in extra-heavy aromatic crude oil.
18. The composition according to claim 15, characterized by comprising: (a) 60% by volume of petroleum distillate; (b) 35% by volume of liquid lipid mixture; and (c) 5% by volume of phospholipid, relative to the total volume of said composition, wherein said composition is for use in extra-heavy asphaltenic crude oil.
19. A process for manufacturing a composition as defined in claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of: (a) mixing the components of said composition, and (b) maintaining the temperature of said composition in the range of 0° C. to 50° C.
20. The process according to claim 19, characterized in that said homogenizing step lasts 6 hours.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) The present invention will hereinafter be more fully described. The drawings show:
(2) FIG. 1—is a graph in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby viscosity reduction is identified in a crude oil sample rated at 8.9° API;
(3) FIG. 2—is a graph in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby viscosity reduction is identified in a crude oil sample rated at 12.1° API;
(4) FIG. 3—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the viscosity reduction is identified in a crude oil sample rated at 11.4° API as the temperature is raised;
(5) FIG. 4—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the viscosity reduction is identified in a crude oil sample rated at 8.1° API as the temperature is raised;
(6) FIG. 5—is a graph in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby various types of crude oils are used for the research and development of the invention. FIG. 5 shows viscosity curves for the Chichimene, Remanso, Gaitero and Capella crude oils, produced in Colombia, and Athabasca, produced in Canada;
(7) FIG. 6—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the viscosity reduction efficiency is identified by a bar graph using about 3% or about 5% of the FMT-300 Series of the invention in the Chichimene crude oil;
(8) FIG. 7—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the effect of increasing the lubricating capacity of the invention relative to crude oil is demonstrated;
(9) FIG. 8—is picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the sample of the right-hand centrifuge tube received 3% of the invention, while the other tubes are used as references and did not receive the invention;
(10) FIG. 9—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a more than 50% increase in the productivity of a given oil well is identified when the invention is used in concentrations up to 3%, with reduction of water and decrease in the salinity of crude oil;
(11) FIG. 10—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a sample is identified without addition of the composition disclosed by the present invention and the same sample is shown 24 hours after addition of the composition disclosed by the present invention;
(12) FIG. 11—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a practical test is identified in an 8.9° API oil well by using 5% of the FMT-300 Series of the invention, making it possible to produce a crude oil up to 22° API, with an improvement in the quality of the product and, also, commercial gains for the oil produced. It is also noted in FIG. 11 is a reduction of the frequency of 60 Hz to 30 Hz of the pump used in this process, proportionally reducing the electric energy costs involved;
(13) FIG. 12—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the viscosity reduction by 99% is identified in the same practical test described in FIG. 11;
(14) FIG. 13—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, of the combination of FIGS. 11 and 12, in the same practical test, indicating the linearity of viscosity reduction with the API grade of a given oil, treated with the invention;
(15) FIG. 14—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a practical test of an oil sample with diesel is identified, a sample of the same oil with 3% by volume of the FMT-200 Series, relative to total volume, and a sample of the same pure oil (13.8° API) as the temperature is raised;
(16) FIG. 15—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the practical test of FIG. 14 is identified after 4 days of application, wherein the light diesel fractions evaporate and the viscosity increases again, which does not occur in the sample to which the invention was applied;
(17) FIG. 16—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a practical test of an oil sample with diesel is identified, a sample of the same oil with 5% by volume of the FMT-200 Series, relative to total volume, and a sample of the same pure oil (13.8° API) as the temperature is raised;
(18) FIG. 17—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the practical test of FIG. 16 is identified after 4 days of application, wherein the light diesel fractions evaporate and the viscosity increases again, which does not occur in the sample to which the invention was applied;
(19) FIG. 18—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a practical test of an oil sample with diesel is identified, a sample of the same oil with 7% by volume of the FMT-200 Series, relative to total volume, and a sample of the same pure oil (13.8° API) as the temperature is raised;
(20) FIG. 19—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the practical test of FIG. 17 is identified after 4 days of application, wherein the light diesel fractions evaporate and the viscosity increases again, which does not occur in the sample to which the invention was applied;
(21) FIG. 20—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby an oil sample is identified with the FMT-200 Series disclosed in the present invention 24 hours after addition of the composition of the present invention, showing an increase of water separation (demulsibility) through the action of the product of the present invention.
(22) FIG. 21—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby samples of oil of the composition disclosed in the present invention and oil with diesel are identified, 144 hours after addition thereof at 58° C.
(23) FIG. 22—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby diesel samples are identified with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% v/v, from left to the right, respectively, with the composition disclosed by the present invention, indicating good compatibility with diesel, applied in oil extraction operations.
(24) FIG. 23—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby ethanol samples are identified at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% v/v, from left to the right, respectively, with the composition disclosed by the present invention indicating good compatibility with anhydrous ethanol, applied in oil extraction operations.
(25) FIG. 24—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a chromatogram obtained by gas chromatography of a heavy crude oil sample—about 12° API—is identified wherein the X-axis represents the release time of each constituent component of the sample and the Y axis represents the concentration of a given element.
(26) FIG. 25—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the chromatogram obtained by gas chromatography of a heavy crude oil sample—about 12° API—is treated with 5% of the composition of the present invention, wherein the axis X represents the release time of each constituent component of the sample and the Y-axis represents the concentration of a given element.
(27) FIG. 26—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a practical test is identified of an extra-heavy oil sample (8.6° API) with 5% by volume of naphtha, relative to the total volume, a sample of the same oil with 5% by volume of the FMT-300 Series, in relation to the total volume, and a sample of the same original oil (8.6° API) as the temperature is raised. It has been found that, shortly after the mixtures, naphtha is shown to be more efficient in viscosity reduction. At higher temperatures—operating temperatures—the difference in viscosity between the mixture made with naphtha and with FMT is negligible.
(28) FIG. 27—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the practical test of FIG. 26 is identified after 1 day of application, wherein light naphtha fractions evaporate and viscosity increases, which does not occur in the sample to which the invention was applied, so that even at lower temperatures the difference in viscosity between the mixture made with naphtha and with FMT is already irrelevant.
(29) FIG. 28—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby the practical test of FIG. 26 is identified after 5 days of application, further demonstrating the evaporation of light naphtha fractions and that the viscosity of the sample to which naphtha has been applied increases, which does not occur in the sample to which the invention was applied and, at process temperatures, the naphtha mixture has the same viscosity as that of crude oil with no addition.
(30) FIG. 29—is a graph, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby a comparison of FIGS. 26, 27 and 28 of the present application is identified, reiterating that evaporation of the light naphtha fractions occurs, increasing the viscosity in the sample to which the naphtha was applied, while the viscosity of the sample to which the invention was applied is reduced perennially;
(31) FIG. 30—is a picture, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby two samples, a naphtha sample and another sample of the composition of the present invention, respectively, are identified from left to right. After 3 days at ambient temperature (22° C.), it is observed that the volume of naphtha decays about 28%, whereas the volume of the present invention does not show any loss, proving the inefficiency and the process losses when the mixture is carried out with naphtha and not with the product object of the present invention.
(32) FIG. 31—is a block diagram of the process used in the production of the present invention in which the following elements are identified: the raw material storage tanks, the preparation tanks, the temperature control system, the raw material in drums, the storage of the finished product, and loading and shipping.
EXAMPLES
(33) The characterization of various preferred embodiments of the present invention is described in the following examples, showing the synergistic effects developed by the present invention and the methods of preparation thereof.
(34) The features of the embodiments numbered in the present invention may be combined with the features of other embodiments disclosed herein, including both the foregoing embodiments, compositions, methods of manufacture and uses thereof.
(35) FIG. 1 shows the viscosity reduction in a crude oil sample rated at 8.9° API, that is, the effect of using the FMT-300 Series. The graph shows that the efficiency of the invention is more relevant at low temperatures, when crude oil has higher viscosities, measured in centipoise. This effect is evidenced by the data of FIG. 1 and represented in Table 3:
(36) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Test performed of the FMT-300 Series Original (Crude) Oil (Crude) Oil + FMT-300 Series Temperature Viscosity Viscosity with the use Decrease in (° F.) (Cp) of the FMT-300 Series Viscosity (%) 72 (22° C.) 722302 115321 84.0 104 (40° C.) 61220 5838 90.5 127 (53° C.) 9961 140 (60° C.) 5679 2197 61.3 158 (70° C.) 2454 1022 58.3 179 (81° C.) 1085 531 51.1
(37) FIG. 2 shows the viscosity reduction in a crude oil sample rated at 12.1° API as the temperature is raised. Preferably, FIG. 2 is to be evaluated in comparison with FIG. 1, indicating that the more viscous (lower API grade), the greater the efficiency of the invention in reducing the viscosity. Thus, the effect of the use of the FMT-200 Series is confirmed by the data of FIG. 2, which is represented in Table 4:
(38) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Test performed of the FMT-200 Series Original (Crude) Oil (Crude) Oil + FMT-200 Series Temperature Viscosity Viscosity with the use Decrease in (° F.) (Cp) of the FMT-200 Series Viscosity (%) 72 (22° C.) 29338.0 4759.0 83.8 104 (40° C.) 4078.7 1234.6 69.7 140 (60° C.) 968.9 414.2 57.3 176 (80° C.) 326.9 194.1 40.6
(39) FIG. 3 shows the viscosity reduction in a crude oil sample rated at 14.4° API, that is, the effect of using the FMT-200 Series. Its effect is evidenced by the data of FIG. 3, which indicates the higher efficiency of the invention in viscosity reduction when a higher concentration of the invention (5%) is used in relation to the lower concentration (3%). The ideal dosage is defined by the viscosity characteristics of crude oil and the best economic balance in the oil production process, said data being represented in Table 5:
(40) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Test performed of the FMT-200 Series Original (Crude) Oil (Crude) Oil + FMT-200 Series Temperature Viscosity Viscosity with the use Decrease in (° F.) (Cp) of the FMT-200 Series Viscosity (%) 77 (25° C.) 96438 1569 98.4 86 (30° C.) 45831 978 97.9 95 (35° C.) 23456 640 97.3 104 (40° C.) 12756 434 96.6 122 (50° C.) 4356 220 94.9
(41) FIG. 4 shows the viscosity reduction in a sample of crude oil rated at 8.1° API, that is, the effect of the use of the FMT-300 Series. FIG. 4 is to be evaluated in comparison with FIG. 3, indicating that the more viscous (lower grade API) the greater the efficiency of the invention in reducing the viscosity, either at the concentration of 3% or 5%. Its effect is evidenced by the data of FIG. 4, and represented in Table 6:
(42) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Test performed of the FMT-300 Series (Crude) Oil + FMT-300 (Crude) Oil + FMT-300 (Crude) Oil + FMT-300 Series (3% v/v) Series (5% v/v) Series (5% v/v) Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity with the with the with the Original (Crude) Oil use of FMT- Decrease in use of FMT- Decrease in use of FMT- Decrease in Temperature Viscosity 300 Series Viscosity 300 Series Viscosity 300 Series Viscosity (° F.) (Cp) (cP) (%) (cP) (%) (cP) (%) 77 (25° C.) 1129699 372289 670 195293 82.7 159229 85.9 86 (30° C.) 493322 179335 63.6 97927 80.1 81706 83.4 104 (40° C.) 118715 51087 57.0 29889 74.8 25947 78.1 140 (60° C.) 12791 7166 44.0 4671 63.5 4314 66.3 176 (80° C.) 2301 1580 31.4 1119 51.4 1084 52.9 194 (90° C.) 1109 830 25.2 609 45.1 602 45.7
(43) FIG. 5 identifies several types of crude oils used in the research and development of the invention (Chichimene, Remanso, Piper and Capella, produced in Colombia, and Athabasca produced in Canada), which is a further proof of the effect of the present invention.
(44) Through FIG. 6 the viscosity reduction efficiency is identified by the bar graph using about 3% or about 5% of the FMT-300 Series in the Chichimene crude oil. It is important to note that at higher temperatures, when viscosity is lower, there is no relevant difference in viscosity reduction by using about 3% or about 5% of the invention on crude oil. Its effect is evidenced by the data of FIG. 6, and represented in Table 7:
(45) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Test performed on Chichimene crude oil Decrease in Viscosity (%) Temperature Use of 3% of the Use of 5% of the (° F.) FMT-300 Series FMT-300 Series 77.0 (25° C.) 64.3 80.1 86.0 (30° C.) 61.1 76.5 104.0 (40° C.) 54.9 68.9 140.0 (60° C.) 43.3 51.8 158.0 (70° C.) 37.7 42.3 170.6 (77° C.) 33.9 35.4 194.0 (90° C.) 27.0 21.9
(46) FIG. 7 shows the effect of increasing the lubricating capacity of the invention relative to crude oil. The situation demonstrates a formation of an oil reservoir in a sandy bed. It is verified that the addition of the FMT-300 Series of the invention at a concentration of 5% promotes the displacement of crude oil, allowing greater recovery from the same reservoir and consequent increase of the productivity of the well. Thus, FIG. 7 is a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(47) FIG. 8 shows the effect of increasing demulsibility—separation of formation water, when the invention is added to the oil with water content, breaking the emulsion and separating water. Thus, FIG. 8 is a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(48) FIG. 9 shows the increase of more than 50% in the productivity of a given oil well, in addition to the increase in the reduction of water and decrease in the salinity of crude oil. Accordingly, FIG. 9 is a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(49) FIG. 10 shows the effect of water-oil emulsion breaking, leading to greater efficiency and productivity of active wells. Thus, FIG. 10 is a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(50) FIG. 11 shows the effect of the present invention on an 8.9° API oil well by using 5% of the FMT-300 Series of the invention which produces crude oil of up to 22° API, with improved quality of the product and, also, commercial gains for the oil produced. It is important to note that in FIG. 11 there is a reduction of the frequency from 60 Hz to 30 Hz of the pump used in this process, proportionally reducing the electric energy costs.
(51) FIG. 12 shows the 99% viscosity reduction in centipoises of the same practical test described in FIG. 11. Thus, FIG. 12 is a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(52) Through FIG. 13 the linearity of viscosity reduction with the API grade of a given oil, treated with the invention, is identified. Accordingly, FIG. 13 is a combination of FIGS. 11 and 12, thus, a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(53) FIGS. 14 and 15 show the viscosity reduction of a sample with the FMT-200 Series applied in volume of 3% in relation to the total volume, and its synergistic effect compared to a sample with diesel after 4 days of application. It is observed that, after 4 days, the effects of diesel are reduced until they are totally lost, by evaporation of the light diesel fractions. Accordingly, FIGS. 14 and 15 are a further demonstration of the synergistic effect of the present invention.
(54) FIGS. 16 and 17 show the viscosity reduction of a sample with the FMT-200 Series applied in volume of 5% in relation to the total volume and its synergistic effect compared to a sample with diesel after 4 days of application. It is observed that, after 4 days, the effects of diesel are reduced until they are totally lost, by evaporation of the light diesel fractions. Thus, FIGS. 16 and 17 are a further demonstration of the synergistic effect of the present invention.
(55) FIGS. 18 and 19 show the viscosity reduction of a sample with the FMT-200 Series applied in volume of 5% in relation to the total volume and its synergistic effect compared to a sample with diesel after 4 days of application. It is observed that, after 4 days, the effects of diesel are reduced until they are totally lost, by evaporation of the light diesel fractions. Thus, greater viscosity reduction efficiency is proven when identical percentages of the product of the invention and diesel are added to the same crude oil. Therefore, FIGS. 18 and 19 are further evidence of the synergistic effect of the present invention.
(56) In order to facilitate the comparison of a sample with diesel and a sample with the FMT-200 Series applied in volumes of 3, 5 and 7% relative to the total volume, the synergistic effect of the present invention revealed by the data of FIGS. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 is reiterated in Tables 8 and 9:
(57) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Comparative test performed between oil with Diesel Oil with Diesel °API °API increase (%) 3% 14.5 5.1 5% 14.8 7.2 7% 15.2 10.1
(58) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Comparative test performed between oil with the FMT-200 Series Oil with the FMT-200 Series °API °API increase (%) 3% 14.6 5.8 5% 15.2 10.1 7% 15.7 13.8
(59) FIG. 20 identifies the water separation in the sample, with a significant water-oil separation being observed due to the application of the present invention. Thus, FIG. 20 is a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(60) FIG. 21 identifies the water separation in the sample, with a significant water-oil separation being observed due to the application of the present invention. Accordingly, FIG. 21 is a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(61) FIG. 22 shows the compatibility of the present invention with most components of the major oils, which mainly comprise non-polar components, i.e., FIG. 22 is a further demonstration of the synergistic effect of the present invention, due to the good compatibility of the compound disclosed by the present invention with diesel.
(62) FIG. 23 shows the compatibility of the present invention with most components of the major oils, which mainly comprise non-polar components, i.e., FIG. 23 is a further demonstration of the synergistic effect of the present invention due to the good compatibility of the compound disclosed by the present invention with anhydrous ethanol.
(63) FIG. 24 identifies that a relevant concentration of high molecular weight compound (end of the X-axis) is expelled from the column over a long time, indicating the presence of resins and asphaltenes, and that there is little presence of low molecular weight compounds (initial part of the X axis).
(64) FIG. 25 identifies that the relevant concentration of the high molecular weight compound (end of the X-axis), seen in FIG. 24, is replaced with several low molecular weight compounds (initial part of the X-axis), proving the lubricating effect at the molecular level and releasing the lighter compounds that were trapped by the molecules of resins and asphaltenes (high molecular weight). Thus, FIGS. 24 and 25 are further evidence of the effect of the “molecular level lubrication” process of the present invention.
(65) The synergistic effect of the present application in comparison with naphtha is identified in detail in FIGS. 26, 27, 28 and 29, it being known that the viscosity of the sample to which naphtha has been applied, over time, increases, whereas the viscosity of the sample to which the present invention has been applied is reduced perennially. Accordingly, FIGS. 26, 27, 28 and 29 are a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention
(66) In order to facilitate comparison of a sample with 5% of naphtha and a sample with 5% of the FMT-300 Series, on the day of application, after 1 day and after 5 days, respectively, the synergistic effect of the present invention revealed by data of FIGS. 26, 27, 28 and 29 is reiterated in Tables 10, 11 and 12:
(67) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Results of the day of the comparative test Lab Sample temperature temperature TORQUE Viscosity Sample (° C.) (° C.) (%) RPM (Cp) Oil 26.7 25.8 81.1 3 1042186 (ORIGINAL) 26.3 34.5 75.7 4 189900 26.3 43.6 88.6 5. 54402 26.5 55.1 52.3 6 17436 26.5 60.7 47.5 6 10526 Oil + 5% 26.0 28.0 78.8 6 131690 FMT-300 26.3 37.2 82.0 20 34750 Series 26.1 46.9 90.0 30 12018 26.4 61.3 81.6 50 3250 Oil + 5% 26.4 28.1 71.5 12 59550 NAPHTHA 26.6 41.9 93.1 50 18615 26.3 52.0 77.8 50 6190 26.4 63.1 73.7 60 2457
(68) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Comparative test results after 1 day Lab Sample temperature temperature TORQUE Viscosity Sample (° C.) (° C.) (%) RPM (Cp) Oil + 5% 27.9 27.4 83.9 5 168352 FMT-300 28.2 37.8 77.8 20 38850 Series 27.8 54.5 78.2 50 6210 26.7 60.0 62.4 30 4060 Oil + 5% 26.1 26.7 75.6 6 125830 NAPHTHA 25.5 44.5 93.6 60 15590 27.7 56.4 60.4 60 5500
(69) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Results of the comparative test after 5 days Lab Sample temperature temperature TORQUE Viscosity Sample (° C.) (° C.) (%) RPM (Cp) Oil + 5% 25.0 25.5 58 6 250125 FMT-300 25.4 50.2 69 30 9203 Series 26.1 60.1 48 100 3600 Oil + 5% 26.1 25.0 74.1 12 372491 NAPHTHA 26.3 41.0 76.3 30 40218 25.4 59.3 63.5 20 12720
(70) FIG. 30 shows the low volatility of the present invention, as compared to that of the naphtha volatility. Thus, FIG. 30 is a further demonstration of the effect of the present invention.
(71) FIG. 31 shows the manufacturing process of the present invention in detail.
(72) The examples described above represent preferred embodiments; however, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention encompasses other possible variations, and is limited only by the content of the appended claims, which include all possible equivalents.
