BOWLING BALLS AND METHODS OF FORMING THE SAME

Abstract

A bowling ball with selected performance characteristics can include an inner core, an outer core and a cover stock layer. The inner core can be configured with a first zone that can extend substantially along a first axis defined through the inner core; a second zone that can be located between the first axis and a second axis that extends substantially perpendicular to the first axis; and a third zone can be located adjacent the second axis. A plurality of finger holes can be formed through the cover stock layer and can be selectively located within at least one of the first, second, or third zone selected based on a target RG value.

Claims

1. A bowling ball, comprising: an inner core layer comprising a first zone, a second zone, and a third zone; an outer core layer at least partially covering the inner core layer; a cover stock layer surrounding the inner and outer core layers; and a plurality of finger holes extending through the cover stock layer; wherein the first zone extends substantially along a Y-axis defined through the inner core and terminates at a distal end that is closer to the cover stock layer than the second zone and the third zone; wherein the second zone is located between the Y-axis and an X-axis that extends substantially perpendicular to the Y-axis; wherein the third zone is located adjacent the X-axis and is closer to the cover stock layer than the second zone; and wherein a location of finger holes formed in the bowling ball within at least one of the first, second, or third zone of the inner core layer can be selected based on a target RG value; wherein the location of the finger holes within one or more of the first, second, or third zones can be selected to provide the bowling ball with one or more prescribed properties or characteristics, the inner core layer.

2. The bowling ball of claim 1, wherein the plurality of finger holes comprises a pair of finger holes, and wherein the pair of finger holes are configured to extend from a proximal end located along the cover stock layer through the cover stock layer and into at least a portion of the inner core and, based on at the target RG value, terminate at a distal end selectively located within at least one of the first, second, or third zones of the inner core layer to achieve a desired change in the shape and/or configuration of the inner core layer.

3. The bowling ball of claim 1, wherein the inner core defines a Z-axis that is in a common plane with the X-axis and extends substantially perpendicular to the X-axis, and wherein the inner core is configured so that the Y-axis is a minimum RG axis, the X-axis is a maximum RG axis, and the Z-axis is an intermediate RG axis.

4. The bowling ball of claim 3, wherein the second zone is at least partially circumscribed about the first zone.

5. The cowling ball of claim 3, wherein the third zone is at least partially circumscribed about the second zone.

6. The bowling ball of claim 1, wherein the inner core layer comprises a high-density liquid curable material.

7. The bowling ball of claim 1, wherein the inner core layer comprises a plurality of sections/elements.

8. The bowling ball of claim 7, wherein, the inner core layer comprises an inner core body that is asymmetric or symmetric with respect to one or more axes of the bowling ball.

9. The bowling ball of claim 1, wherein the outer core layer surrounds and supports the inner core layer, and wherein the inner core layer can be selectively positioned or oriented within the outer core layer to provide desired performance and/or tracking characteristics of the bowling ball.

10. The bowling ball of claim 1, wherein the first and third zones are configured to be concentric to each other and equidistant from the cover stock layer.

11. The bowling ball of claim 1, wherein the first and third zones are configured to be concentric and equidistant from the cover stock layer, and wherein the respective first and third zones terminating at respective distal ends that have a substantially equal proximity to the cover stock layer.

12. The bowling ball of claim 1, wherein the second zone defines at least one bowl or recess formed in the inner core layer that extends at least partially around the first zone.

13. The bowling ball of claim 12, wherein each recess extends inwardly and downwardly from an outer surface of the inner core layer and has a recess axis that is positioned at an acute angle with respect the Y-axis.

14. A bowling ball, comprising: an inner core layer comprising a first zone, a second zone, and a third zone; a cover stock layer comprising a liquid curable material received about the inner core layer; and wherein the first zone extends substantially along a Y-axis defined through the inner core layer and terminates at a distal end that is closer to the cover stock layer than the second zone and the third zone; wherein the second zone is located between the Y-axis and an X-axis that extends substantially perpendicular to the Y-axis; wherein the third zone is located adjacent the X-axis and is closer to the cover stock layer than the second zone; and wherein the respective first, second, and third zones of the inner core layer are shaped and configured to provide the bowling ball with one or more prescribed mass properties or characteristics.

15. The bowling ball of claim 14, wherein the one or more prescribed mass properties of the bowling ball are symmetric in design.

16. The bowling ball of claim 14, wherein the one or more prescribed mass properties of the bowling ball are asymmetric in design.

17. The bowling ball of claim 14, further comprising an outer core layer at least partially covering the inner core layer.

18. A method of designing a bowling ball, comprising: configuring the bowling ball with an inner core layer with a first zone in proximity to a Y-axis of the bowling ball, a second zone extending between the Y-axis and an X-axis of the bowling ball, and a third zone projecting toward a shell of the bowling ball in the direction of the X-axis; configuring the inner core layer such that a mass change resulting from drilling finger holes in the first zone and the second zone affects a height and a width of the inner core layer, respectively, to maintain post-drilled RG targets that are similar to an RG of an undrilled bowling ball; and configuring the inner core layer such that the finger holes intersect with the inner core layer in strategic locations that affect performance characteristics of the bowling ball, as measured by a total differential, an intermediate differential, or a combination thereof.

19. A method of manufacturing a bowling ball for customizing performance, comprising: forming an inner core layer with three distinct zones, including a first zone in proximity to a Y-axis of the bowling ball core, a second zone extending between the Y-axis and an X-of the bowling ball core, and a third zone projecting toward a shell of a bowling ball including the inner core layer in the direction of the X-axis; and drilling finger holes into the bowling ball at strategic locations that intersect with the inner core layer, wherein the strategic locations are selected to determine selected performance characteristics of the bowling ball, as measured by a total differential and/or an intermediate differential.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein a mass change resulting from the drilling the finger holes in the first zone and the third zone affects a height and a width of the inner core layer, respectively, and causes a mass change in the second zone sufficient to maintain post-drilled RG targets that are statistically similar to an undrilled bowling ball.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0045] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure, and together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments discussed herein. No attempt is made to show structural details of this disclosure in more detail than may be necessary for a fundamental understanding of the exemplary embodiments discussed herein and the various ways in which they may be practiced. According to common practice, the various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale. Dimensions of various features and elements in the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the disclosure.

[0046] FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic views showing the components of a bowling ball assembly with a first embodiment of an inner core layer configured according to embodiments of the disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the first embodiment of an inner core layer of a bowling ball assembly core according to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

[0048] FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of an inner core layer of FIG. 2, taken across the plane of the x and Y axes of FIG. 2.

[0049] FIGS. 4A-4E are schematic views of the bowling ball assembly and the first embodiment of the inner core layer as shown in FIGS. 1A-2, with exemplary orientations of finger holes illustrated according to embodiments of the disclosure.

[0050] FIGS. 5A-5B are schematic of the bowling ball assembly having a second embodiment of an inner core layer configured in accordance embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 5C shows a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of an inner core layer of a bowling ball assembly according to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5B.

[0052] FIG. 6A is a schematic view of a bowling ball assembly with a third embodiment of an inner core layer configured in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 6B shows a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of an inner core layer of a bowling ball assembly according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6A.

[0054] FIG. 6C is an elevation view of the third embodiment of an inner core layer of a bowling ball assembly core according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6A.

[0055] FIG. 6D shows a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of an inner core layer of a bowling ball assembly according to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6C.

[0056] FIGS. 7A-7B are tables illustrating drilling parameters for bowling balls using finger holes according to embodiments of the present disclosure and for drilling finger holes and thumb holes.

[0057] FIGS. 8A-8C are tables illustrating RG values for bowling ball assemblies with an inner core layer according to embodiments of the present disclosure having two finger holes drilled, e.g., using the first embodiment of the inner core layer as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-3, and RG values for a conventional bowling ball assemblies using a conventional core and having two finger holes drilled, and a conventional bowling ball assemblies using a conventional core and having two finger holes and a thumb hole drilled.

[0058] FIGS. 9A-9C are tables illustrating RG Differentials for bowling ball assemblies with an inner core according to embodiments of the present disclosure, e.g., using the first embodiment of the inner core as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-4E, and RG Differentials for a conventional bowling ball assemblies using a conventional core and a conventional bowling ball assemblies using a conventional core and having two finger holes and a thumb hole drilled.

[0059] FIGS. 10A-10B are graphs illustrating a comparison of changes in an overall Differential and changes in the Intermediate Differential of bowling balls with an inner core layer and having two finger holes drilled according to embodiments of the present disclosure, e.g., using a first embodiment of the inner core layer as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-3, compared to bowling balls using a conventional core having two finger holes drilled.

[0060] FIGS. 11A-11B are graphs comparing changes in an overall Differential and changes in the Intermediate Differential of bowling balls with an inner core layer according to embodiments of the present disclosure, e.g., using a first embodiment of the inner core as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-3 with two finger holes, compared to conventional bowling balls with two finger holes and a thumb hole and a conventional core.

[0061] Various objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a review of the following detail description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, FIGS. 1-4E illustrate various exemplary embodiment of bowling balls, components of bowling balls and methods and systems for forming bowling balls according to principles of the present disclosure. The following description is provided as an enabling teaching of embodiments of this disclosure. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that many changes can be made to the embodiments described, while still obtaining the beneficial results. It will also be apparent that some of the desired benefits of the embodiments described can be obtained by selecting some of the features of the embodiments without utilizing other features. Accordingly, those who work in the art will recognize that many modifications and adaptations to the embodiments described are possible and may even be desirable in certain circumstances. Thus, the following description is provided as illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure and not in limitation thereof.

[0063] Throughout the specification, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The phrases in one embodiment and in some embodiments as used herein do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment(s), though it may. Furthermore, the phrases in another embodiment and in some other embodiments as used herein do not necessarily refer to a different embodiment, although it may. Thus, as described below, various embodiments may be readily combined, without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, the term based on is not exclusive and allows for being based on additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0064] In addition, throughout the specification, the meaning of a, an, and the include both singular and plural references. Still further, the meaning of in includes in and on; and when a component, part or layer is referred to as being joined with, on, engaged with, adhered to, attached to, secured to, mounted to, or coupled to another component, part or layer, it may be directly joined with, on, engaged with, adhered to, secured to, mounted to, or coupled to the other component, part or layer, or any number of intervening components, parts or layers may be present. Other terms also used to describe the relationship between components, layers and parts should be interpreted in a like manner, such as adjacent versus directly adjacent and similar words.

[0065] As used herein, the terms and and or may be used interchangeably to refer to a set of items in both the conjunctive and disjunctive in order to encompass the full description of combinations and alternatives of the items. By way of example, a set of items may be listed with the disjunctive or, or with the conjunction and. In either case, the set is to be interpreted as meaning each of the items singularly as alternatives, as well as any combination of the listed items. As used herein, the term and/or includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0066] The use of directional terms such as vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, upper, lower, inner, inwardly, outer and outwardly, are used to assist in describing the invention based on the orientation of the embodiments shown in the illustrations, and thus should not be interpreted to limit the invention to any specific orientation(s).

[0067] Generally, a bowling ball 100 can comprise at least an outer core layer, and a cover stock layer or shell, and in many cases, an inner core layer including an inner core body. Bowling balls also can be designed with inner core dimensions, geometry, scaling, weight/density distribution, and other characteristics configured to provide preferred radius of gyration (RG) values (e.g., RG minimum, RG maximum, and RG intermediate values) prior to drilling gripping holes (e.g., two or three gripping holes, two or three finger holes, two finger holes and one thumb hole, and the like) into the bowling ball (e.g., removing material from the shell, the outer core layer, and/or the inner core layer). In embodiments of the present disclosure, the drilling of the finger holes can be configured to selectively move or adjust one or more of the RG values of the bowling ball away from the values for the undrilled bowling ball, for example, by removal of material from the inner core layer in relation to where the finger holes are drilled into the bowling ball.

[0068] FIGS. 1A-1B, 5A-5B, and 6A show embodiments of an exemplary bowling ball 100 having an inner core layer 106 configured according to principles of the present disclosure. As shown, the bowling ball 100 can include a plurality of layers or assemblies. For example, in embodiments, the bowling ball can include a cover stock layer or shell 102 formed or applied over an outer core layer 104 and, an in some embodiments, over inner core layer 106. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the cover stock layer 102 can generally surround and encapsulate the outer core 104. In embodiments, the cover stock layer 102 can be formed of a cover stock material 110, which for example, can be a liquid curable material that can include polyester, urethane, epoxy, or other polymeric materials. In some embodiments, the cover stock layer material also can include various combinations of materials, as well as suitable dyes and pigments, and various reactive materials (e.g., additives adapts to interact with the surface of a bowling lane to provide desired performance characteristics, e.g., spin, trajectory, etc.) or non-reactive materials.

[0069] As shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, 5A-5B, and 6A, the cover stock layer 102 can have a spherical (e.g., substantially spherical) outer surface 112 and an inner face 114 extending along an outer face 116 of the outer core layer 104. In embodiments, the faces 114, 116 can be spherical (e.g., substantially spherical). In embodiments, the outer core layer 104 can be formed of an outer core compound 120 that at least partially surrounds and at least partially supports the inner core layer 106. For example, in embodiments, the outer core compound 120 can comprise a liquid curable material, such as a urethane, polyester, epoxy, or other polymeric or synthetic materials with appropriate fillers to achieve a desired density of the outer core layer 104. Alternatively, the cover stock layer 102 and/or the outer core layer 104 can have any suitable shape and/or construction without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Further, in embodiments, it is contemplated that the outer core layer 104 could be omitted and the cover stock layer 102 could be formed directly about the inner core layer 106.

[0070] As shown in FIGS. 1A-4E, in an exemplary first embodiment of the inner core layer 106, the inner core layer 106 can include an inner core body 130 that, in various embodiments, can have one or more elements or sections that can be shaped, constructed, or otherwise configured to provide the bowling ball assembly 100 with selected/desired properties. For example, in embodiments, the sections of the inner core layer 106 can be configured to create a dynamic imbalance within the bowling ball to provide a player, in particular, a two-handed bowler or other bowler who prefers to use bowling balls with finger holes and no thumb hole, with a greater range of selectable performance features or desired dynamic characteristics, such as selected differential radius of gyration (RG) (generally determined as the difference between a maximum RG and a minimum RG of the bowling ball and/or as the difference between a maximum RG and an intermediate RG of the bowling ball, and which can be varied by changes in the shape and weight of the respective inner and/or outer core layers), desired weight, static balances and/or other performance or reactive characteristics, e.g., spin, trajectory, etc., while staying within the standard specifications and regulations of the USBC. In embodiments, the inner core layer 106 also can be provided with a shape having prescribed aspect ratio.

[0071] In embodiments, the inner core layer 106 further generally can be formed from a high-density material, such as urethane, polyester, epoxy, or other synthetics or polymeric materials with appropriate fillers to achieve the desired density of the inner core part. In various embodiments, the inner core layer 106 can be set or cured in one or more open pour molds, machined from appropriate billets, or formed in any other suitable manner without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0072] As exemplarily shown in embodiments, the RG values of the bowling ball assembly 100 can be described in relation to three axes intersecting at the center (e.g., the geometric center) of the bowling ball assembly 100. For example, the three axes can include an a first or Y-axis (a minimum RG axis), a second or X-axis (a maximum RG axis), a third or Z-axis (an intermediate RG axis). Thus, in an embodiment, it is contemplated that the inner core defines a Z-axis that is in a common plane with the X-axis and that extends substantially perpendicular to the X-axis. In this embodiment, the inner core layer can further be configured so that the Y-axis forms a minimum RG axis, the X-axis forms a maximum RG axis, and the Z-axis forms an intermediate RG axis.

[0073] In embodiments, the inner core layer 106 and the outer core layer 104 can be modeled such that there is a selected difference in the RG values from the Y-axis to the X-axis in the undrilled bowling ball assembly 100, which RG values are commonly referred to as RG differential or total differential. Further, in some embodiments, the inner core layer 106 and the outer core layer 104 can be modeled so that there is a difference in the RG values from the X-axis to the Z-axis, which RG values are commonly referred to as intermediate RG differential or intermediate differential. In embodiments, the inner core body 130 of the inner core layer 106 can include one or more elements or sections that are arranged at least partially along one or more of the X, Y or Z axes. For example, in embodiments, such as shown in FIGS. 1A-6D, the inner core body can include three sections, e.g., a lower section 132, and upper section 134, and a transition or intermediate section 138.

[0074] In the illustrated embodiments, the Y-axis can correspond to a vertical centerline or axis of the inner core body 130 with the first or lower section 132 and the second or upper section 134 arranged along the Y-axis. As shown in FIGS. 1A-4E, in embodiments, the lower section 132 can extend from a bottom 136 of the inner core body 130 to a transition 138 with the upper section 134. In the illustrated embodiments, the transition 138 can be located above the plane defined by the X-axis and the Y-axis. Alternatively, in embodiments, the transition 138 could be located, shaped, positioned, and/or configured without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In the illustrated embodiments shown in FIG. 1A-6D, the upper section 134 can extend from the transition 138 to a top end 140 of the inner core body 130.

[0075] While the illustrations show embodiments including a substantially unitary density for the structure of the inner core body, the inner core body 130 may incorporate a plurality of densities in different regions, zones, or upper and lower sections. As illustrated in FIGS. 1A-6D, in embodiments, there can be also various facets, cuts, and/or protuberances sculpted about the zones of the inner core body that can accentuate the weight distributions and changes in RG to achieve player desired performance effects upon drilling. Such subtractions or additions to the inner core can be selectively applied and can affect the overall symmetry or asymmetry of the resulting mass properties as well as the RG values. As shown in FIGS. 6A-6D, in a third embodiment of the inner core body 130 of the inner core layer 106, the inner core layer 106 can be formed to by symmetrical about the Y-axis of the inner core layer 106. Other features and arrangements that may be different from the embodiments shown in the Figs also can be used.

[0076] In embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1A-6D the lower section 132 can narrow as it extends away from the transition 138 and can have a maximum diameter at the transition 138 and a minimum diameter at the bottom 136. As shown in FIGS. 1A-4E, at least one wedge-shaped protuberances 142 can extend from the surface of the lower section 132. In embodiments, the protuberances 142 or other suitable features can help balance features of the ball assembly 100, such as the RG minimum axis location, the RG targets, etc. In embodiments, the lower section 132, the transition 138, and/or the protuberances 142 can be otherwise shaped, positioned, and/or configured without departing from the disclosure. In some embodiments, and as shown in FIGS. 5A-6D, one or both of the protuberances 142 could be omitted or additional protuberances of any suitable shape could be included.

[0077] As shown in the cross-sectional views in FIGS. 3, 5C, and 6B, in embodiments, the upper section 134 can define a plurality of zones (e.g., three zones or any suitable number of zones). In embodiments, the zones of the upper section 134 can be configured to interact with positions of the finger holes drilled into the bowling ball assembly 100 so that the mass of the outer core layer 104 and/or the inner core layer 106 removed from the ball assembly 100 in the process of forming the finger holes in bowling ball has an intended effect on the RG values of the bowling ball assembly 100 depending on the selected location of the finger holes. In exemplary embodiments, the upper section 134 can include a first zone 144, a second zone 146, and a third zone 148.

[0078] As further shown in FIGS. 3, 5C, and 6B, in some embodiments the first zone 144 can comprise or substantially define a stem 143 of the inner core body 130, which can extend along and/or around the Y-axis, projecting from a central portion 131 of the inner core body 130 to a distal end 145 that terminates adjacent the cover stock layer. In embodiments, the second zone 146 can comprise or define a bowl or recess 147 formed in the inner core body 130 and extending at least partially around the first zone 144 in whole or in part. In further embodiments, the third zone 148 can comprise or define a side portion of the inner core body 130 and extending around both of the first zone 144 and the second zone 146 in whole or in part. In embodiments, it is contemplated that each defined recess can extend inwardly and downwardly from an outer surface of the inner core layer 106 and can have a recess axis a that is positioned at an acute angle with respect the Y-axis of the inner core body 130.

[0079] In embodiments, the third zone 148 can be a side portion of the inner core body 130 extending outwardly, away from the Y-axis. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner core body 130 can include a nose 150 or protruding portion defined along the third zone 148, In embodiments, the nose 150 can comprise a portion of the inner core layer 106 that is closest to the outer surface 112. For example, in embodiments, the nose 150 can be as close to the cover stock layer 102 as allowed by manufacturing processes (e.g., approximately within 0.5 inch to 1 inch of the outer surface 112 for a cover stock layer 102 of approximately 0.5 inch thick or any other suitable distance).

[0080] In the illustrated embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A-4E, cutouts 152 can be formed in the third zone 148 and/or in other portions of the inner core body 130. In exemplary embodiments, the cutouts 152 can be scallop-shaped or can have any suitable shape; and in some embodiments, the cutouts 152 can help form the nose 150, e.g. by removing or sculpting the material of the inner core body 130 outwardly away from the Y-axis and toward the outer surface 112 without adding mass to the upper section 134 of the inner core body 130 (e.g., to satisfy industry standard specifications and/or regulations, such as for top weight, and/or to avoid significantly negatively affecting select performance characteristics of the ball assembly 100). As exemplarily shown in FIG. 1B, in embodiments, the nose 150 can be centered on a plane defined by the X-axis and the Y-axis. The nose 150 could be alternatively located and/or shaped without departing from the disclosure. In the illustrated embodiments, the inner core body 130 can define ribs 154 extending between the stem of the first zone 144 and the side portion of the third zone 148 and extending through the bowl of the second zone 146. In embodiments, the ribs 154 can extend along the Z-axis and be spaced apart from the plane defined by the X-axis and the Y-axis. As illustrated, it is contemplated that the ribs 154 could be omitted or could be otherwise located, configured, or arranged without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

[0081] The inner core layer 106 can be otherwise shaped, arranged, and/or configured (e.g., according to different specifications and/or desired performance characteristics) without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In embodiments, the inner core body 130 of the inner core layer 106 can be made of a material with a uniform (e.g., substantially uniform) density. Alternatively, the inner core layer 106 can have varying densities, such as by using different materials and/or different additives. In addition, in some embodiments, the inner core layer 106 could have a different shape (e.g., a spherical or ovoid shape) with varying densities that can result in a bowling ball assembly with similar or identical characteristics as the bowling ball assembly 100 and/or can define the three zones of the inner core body 130 using different densities rather than varying the geometric shape of the inner core body 130. In an embodiment, the inner core body 130 could have a relatively higher density in the first and third zones and can have a lower density (e.g., similar or identical to the density of the outer core compound 120) in its second zone.

[0082] As shown by way of the examples illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4E, in embodiments, the bowling ball assemblies of the present disclosure can be drilled with a gripping hole pattern P in the form of two finger holes 156, (with the thumb hole omitted) can be drilled into the bowling ball assembly 100. In embodiments, the finger holes 156 can be located with a center of grip (CoG) (e.g., a point located equidistant from the two finger holes 156 and aligned with the centers of the finger holes 156) and using the individuals bowler's positive axis point (PAP) as described in more detail below. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4A-4E, the finger holes 156 can be located at positions along the inner core 106, such as a position near the Y-axis shown in FIG. 4A (e.g., in some non-limiting constructions, approximately 1.5 inches from the Y-axis) or at positions gradually moving away from the Y-axis and toward a plane defined by the X-axis and Z-axis as shown in FIGS. 4B-4E (e.g., in some non-limiting constructions, approximately 2.5 inches, approximately 3.5 inches, approximately 4.5 inches, and approximately 5.5 inches from the Y-axis, respectively). As the finger hole location graduates around the side of the bowling ball assembly 100 in this example design, the finger holes 156 can intersect the core body 130 in selected strategic locations, e.g., one or more of the zones 144, 146, 148, to affect the performance of the bowling ball 100, such as measured by a total differential (the difference between the RG values of the X and Y axes) and by intermediate differential (the difference between the RG values of the X and Z axes) of the respective inner core layer 106 design.

[0083] For example, as shown in FIG. 4A-4E, in which the first embodiment of the inner core layer 106 shown in FIGS. 1A-3 is used, a plurality finger holes 156, such as the exemplary pair of finger holes, can be drilled into the bowling ball assembly 100 near the Y-axis so that the finger holes 156 extend through the shell 102, the outer core layer 104 and into the first zone 144 of the inner core layer 106, removing material from each respective layer. In the illustrated embodiments, the first zone 144 is configured to be close to the shell 102 so that drilling the finger holes 156 at the location shown in FIG. 4A removes a statistically significant amount of mass of the inner core body 130 in the first zone 144. In embodiments, the removal of the mass from the inner core body 130 in the first zone 144 can result in a reduction in the height of the inner core layer 106 after drilling, which leads to an increase in the RG values along the Y-axis.

[0084] In the example shown in FIG. 4B, the plurality of finger holes 156 can be drilled into the bowling ball assembly 100 at a location that is spaced farther from the Y-axis so that the finger holes 156 interact with the second zone 146 of the inner core 106. Since the inner core body 130 defines at least one recess along the second zone 146 and is spaced farther from the shell 102, the finger holes 156 typically only extend through a portion of the shell 102 and the outer core layer 104, removing material from each respective layer. In this exemplary drilling position, little or no material is removed from the inner core body 130, thereby minimizing the mass change in the inner core body 130 after drilling the finger holes. Since only the lower density materials of the shell 102 and the outer core layer 104 are generally removed and the finger holes 156 are located between the X-axis and the Y-axis, the post-drilled RG target values are statistically similar to that of the undrilled bowling ball assembly 100 when the finger holes 156 are positioned as shown in FIG. 4B.

[0085] In the examples shown in FIGS. 4C-4E, the plurality of finger holes 156 can be drilled into the bowling ball assembly 100 at selected locations that can be located progressively closer to the plane defined by the X-axis and Z-axis and farther from the Y-axis. In these illustrated drilling positions, the finger holes 156 can interact with the third zone 148 of the inner core layer 106. Since the nose 150 of the inner core body 130 projects out toward the shell 102 of the bowling ball assembly 100 in the direction of the X-axis so that the inner core body 130 is close to the outer shell 102 at the nose 150 of the third zone 148, the drilling of the finger holes 156 in the illustrated positions shown in FIGS. 4C-4E can remove a statistically significant amount of mass from the inner core body 130 in the third zone. This can result in a reduction in the width of the inner core body 130 after drilling, leading to an increase in the RG values along the X-axis.

[0086] The bowling ball assemblies shown in FIGS. 1A-6D exemplarily illustrate inner cores layers according to embodiments of the present disclosure player selectable variations, such as changes in the RG differential of a bowling ball by selective placement of finger holes that can be extended into one or more of the sculptured zones of the inner core body 130 to provide the player with an increased range of adjustments to the performance characteristics of the bowling balls. This is opposed to conventional bowling ball assemblies that typically have an inner core body shaped with a pre-drilled target RG values without regard for any changes in the RG values caused by removing material due to the formation of the finger holes therein the bowling ball, which results in a lower range of performance targets. This is specifically in terms of the achievable RG differential and RG intermediate differential values, compared to the performance capabilities of the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1A-6D.

[0087] FIGS. 7A-9C are tables illustrating differences in the changes to RG values and RG Differential values of a bowling ball assembly according to the principles of the present disclosure (e.g., such as shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4E) compared to conventional bowling ball assemblies, including bowling ball assemblies drilled with two finger holes and with two finger holes and a thumb hole. In particular, FIGS. 7A-7B are tables showing the drilling parameters for drilling two finger holes, and for drilling two finger holes and a thumb hole.

[0088] According to exemplary embodiments, FIG. 10A is a graph depicting how an example bowling ball assembly with an inner core according to the principles of the present disclosure, and an example bowling ball assembly with a conventional inner core are affected by each of the example gripping hole locations (FIGS. 4A-4E) in terms of how much the RG differential (difference in RG between the X and Y axes) changes for each finger hole orientation. For example, as shown in FIG. 10A, the change in RG differential for the bowling ball assembly 100 is consistently higher than the RG differential for the bowling ball assembly for each of the example finger hole orientations. It is contemplated that this is a result of the strategic placement of the zones 144, 146, 148 in the bowling ball assembly 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1A-3, so that the inner core body 130 is close to the shell 102 in the first and third zones 144, 148 and is recessed away from the shell 102 in the second zone 146.

[0089] FIG. 10B is a graph depicting how, in exemplary embodiments, an example bowling ball assembly as shown in FIGS. 1A-3 and a conventional bowling ball assembly are affected by each of the 5 example gripping hole locations (FIGS. 4A-4E) in terms of how much the RG intermediate differential (difference in RG between the X and Z axes) changes for each gripping hole orientation. For example, at the 1.5 and 2.5 finger hole to Y-axis distances, the change in RG intermediate differential from the undrilled bowling ball assemblies to the drilled bowling ball assemblies is relatively similar for each of the bowling ball assemblies 100, 200. It is contemplated that this can be a result of the geometry of the inner core bodies being similar in these areas. Further, because the finger holes in these locations are drilled relatively close to the Y-axis, the mass removal by the finger holes may have little effect on the change in RG of the X and Z axes regardless of the differences in geometries between bowling ball assemblies 100, 200.

[0090] In various exemplary embodiments, as the finger hole locations move away from the Y-axis and around the side of the respective bowling ball assemblies, the distinctions in geometry between the final formed inner core layer 106 lead to a significant difference in the achievable change in intermediate differential for the bowling ball assembly, while inducing a less significant change in intermediate differential for the bowling ball assembly. This variance in achievable intermediate RG differential is a primary differentiating factor between these two core types. Such a change in intermediate RG directly and positively influences the on-lane performance characteristics of the drilled bowling ball assembly for the end user. Consequently, a more significant difference in the achievable change in intermediate differential, as exhibited by bowling ball assembly 100, affords the user a range of options that directly impact their control and performance characteristics. This impact is especially notable in the context of the placement of the two finger holes 156 associated with a no-thumb grip pattern.

[0091] Similarly, FIGS. 11A-11B are graphs comparing changes in an overall Differential and changes in the Intermediate Differential of bowling balls with an inner core layer according to embodiments of the present disclosure, e.g., using a first embodiment of the inner core layer as illustrated in FIGS. 1A-4E with two finger holes, compared to conventional bowling balls with two finger holes and a thumb hole and a conventional core. Embodiments of the inner core layer described herein provide for a degree of selection in the RG values of the bowling ball and particularly the degree of change or selection of the Intermediate Differential for no-thumb layouts to be at or above the change in Intermediate Diff for thumb-in layouts, which is a result that was not achievable in conventional core designs.

[0092] In the example embodiments of the bowling ball assembly 100, the placement of the finger holes 156 in the first zone 144 can reduce the strength of the reaction of the bowling ball assembly 100 as it interacts with the lane than the values for an undrilled bowling ball, while the placement of the finger holes 156 in the third zone 148 can make the reaction stronger than the values for an undrilled bowling ball. Accordingly, for the illustrated embodiments of the inner core layer 106, the user has a large range of achievable options for how the bowling ball will interact with the lane based on the selected location of the two finger holes 156 relative to the Y-axis and the plane defined by the X-axis and Z-axis. Experts in the field will recognize that although the disclosed example embodiments focus on designs without a thumb hole, specifically finger-only configurations, the principles outlined in this disclosure are equally applicable to various other bowling ball assembly configurations, including those with thumb holes. It should be noted, however, that when thumb hole layouts are employed, the resultant RG values will differ from those without thumb holes, highlighting a key consideration in the application of these principles across different bowling ball designs.

[0093] In an optional embodiment, the second zone of the inner core layer 106 can be formed as a bowl, and the finger holes can be drilled in the bowling ball so that they extend into the bowl of the second zone, resulting in the removal of less of the material of the inner core layer or the inner core layer may remain untouched as the material of the outer core layer is removed in the bowl. Since, in some embodiments, a limited amount, or in some embodiments, none of the inner core layer may be removed and the outer core layer can comprise a material that is less dense than the inner core layer, positioning the finger holes in the second zone can result in a small change or no substantial change in the RG differential values of a drilled bowling ball versus an undrilled bowling ball (e.g., the RG differential values may remain statistically the same or similar). In cases wherein the finger holes are located so that they intersect with the third zone of the inner core layer, it is contemplated that a selected amount of material of the inner core layer can be removed from the side of the inner core layer, resulting in a reduction in the width of the inner core layer, which, in embodiments, can result in an increase in the RG maximum value of the bowling ball (e.g., without significantly affecting the RG minimum value of the bowling ball).

[0094] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a bowling ball 100 design for customizing performance for no-thumb bowlers, can comprise an inner core layer 106 with strategically configured geometry and dimensions to achieve desired RG target values when finger holes are drilled into the bowling ball, without the use of a thumb hole.

[0095] As noted herein, in embodiments of bowling ball 100 design, the inner core layer 106 can be configured to achieve a desired RG target values based on a location of the finger holes and their intersection with the inner core layer. In embodiments, the bowling ball core design can comprise a cover material and an outer core layer assembled about the inner core layer to form a complete bowling ball. In further embodiments of the bowling ball core design, the inner core layer is included in a bowling ball with the inner core layer including a plurality of sections arranged along a series of primary axes; such that the inner core layer is configured to achieve the desired RG target values for the primary axes of the bowling ball.

[0096] According to another aspect of the disclosure, a bowling ball 100 designed for customizing performance for no-thumb bowlers, can comprise an inner core having an inner core layer 106 with at least three zones, including a first zone in proximity to a Y-axis of the bowling ball core, a second zone extending between the Y-axis and an X-axis of the bowling ball core, and a third zone projecting toward a shell of a bowling ball in the direction of the X-axis of the bowling ball core. In this aspect; the inner core layer can be configured to interact with drilled finger holes, such that a mass change resulting from drilling the finger holes in the first zone and the third zone affects a height and a width of the inner core, respectively, and a mass change in the second zone can reduce post-drilled RG target values that are statistically similar to an undrilled bowling ball. In a further exemplary aspect, inner core layer can be configured such that the finger holes intersect with the inner core layer in strategic locations adapted to affect the performance of the bowling ball assembly, as measured by total differential and intermediate differential.

[0097] In embodiments, the bowling ball 100 further comprises an outer core compound modeled such that there is a difference in RG values from the Y-axis to the X-axis, and for some design configurations, a difference in the RG values from the X-axis to a Z-axis of the bowling ball core, of the undrilled bowling ball assembly; and a cover material surrounding the outer core compound 120 and the inner core layer 106.

[0098] In embodiments, a bowling ball 100 can include an inner core layer 106 configured with a first zone extending substantially along a first axis, a second zone located between the first axis and a second axis extending substantially perpendicular to the first axis, and a third zone located adjacent the second axis; an outer core layer at least partially surrounding and supporting the inner core layer; and a cover stock layer encapsulating the inner and outer core layers and forming a substantially smooth, spherical outer surface of the bowling ball. In this aspect it is contemplated that a plurality of finger holes can be formed through the cover stock layer and outer core layer and can be selectively located within at least one of the first, second, or third zones based on a target RG value. In embodiments of the bowling ball, the first zone can terminate at a distal end closer to the cover stock layer than the second zone and the third zone, and the third zone can terminate at a distal end closer to the cover stock layer than the second zone.

[0099] In embodiments of the bowling ball 100, the outer core layer can comprise a curable material poured or injected into a mold. In this aspect it is contemplated that the curable material at least partially surrounds and supports the inner core layer; and the inner core layer can be located or arranged at a desired position or orientation within the outer core layer to provide desired performance and/or tracking characteristics of the bowling ball.

[0100] In embodiments of the bowling ball 100, the cover stock layer can comprise a liquid curable material poured or injected into a mold in which a previously formed inner core layer and outer core layer are supported by a support rod or post. In some embodiments, the bowling ball can further comprise a riser pin or other similar support feature; wherein the riser pin comprises a filler material received within a hole or passage formed by the one or more support post or rod used during the formation/casting of the inner core and/or outer core layers of the bowling ball.

[0101] In embodiments of the bowling ball 100, the plurality of finger holes can be configured to influence the RG target values based on the intersection of the finger holes with the body of the inner core layer, such that for certain placements of the finger holes, material of the inner core layer may be removed when drilling the holes, such that the distal end of each finger hole can be configured to terminate within a portion of the inner core layer to achieve a desired change in the shape and/or configuration of the inner core layer resulting in a desired change in the RG values.

[0102] According to a further aspect, a bowling ball 100 can include an inner core body 130 including a first zone extending substantially along a first axis, a second zone located between the first axis and a second axis extending substantially perpendicular to the first axis, and a third zone located adjacent the second axis; an outer core formed about the inner core; and a cover stock layer formed about the outer core. In this exemplary embodiment, a plurality of finger holes can be formed through the cover stock layer and at least a portion of the outer core layer, and which can be selectively located within at least one of the first, second, or third zones of the inner core layer, with termination of the locations of the finger holes along the first, second or third zones, or a combination thereof, being selected based on a target RG value.

[0103] In embodiments of the bowling ball 100, it is contemplated that the first zone can terminate at a distal end that is closer to the cover stock layer than the second zone, and the third zone can terminate at a distal end that is closer to the cover stock layer than the second zone. In some exemplary embodiments, the first and third zones can be arranged so as to be concentric to each other and equidistant from the cover stock layer, allowing for flexibility in the design of the bowling ball to meet specific RG targets.

[0104] In a further embodiment, the bowling ball 100 can include first and third zones that are concentric and equidistant from the cover stock layer. Such a configuration can provide for both the first and third zones terminating at distal ends that have substantially equal proximity to the cover stock layer. In embodiments, the distal ends of the first and third zone can diverge from the conventional arrangement where the first zone is closer to the cover stock layer than the third zone, which, in some embodiments, can allow for enhanced customization in achieving desired RG values by leveraging the symmetrical positioning of these zones relative to the cover.

[0105] In embodiments of the bowling ball 100, the outer core layer can include a substantially spherical outer surface. In optional embodiments of the bowling ball, the outer core layer can have an irregular non spherical shape. In yet another embodiment of the bowling ball, the cover stock layer can be adapted to form a substantially smooth outer surface of the bowling ball.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, a bowling ball 100 can include an inner core layer 106 including a first zone extending substantially along a first axis, a second zone located between the first axis and a second axis extending substantially perpendicular to the first axis, and a third zone located adjacent the second axis; an outer core layer positioned about the inner core layer; and a cover stock layer formed about the outer core layer. In this exemplary embodiment, a plurality of finger holes can be formed through the cover stock layer and at least a portion of the inner core layer and can be selectively located within at least one of the first, second, or third zones of the inner core layer based on at least one target RG value. In embodiments, the distal end of each finger hole can be configured to terminate within a portion of the inner core layer to achieve a desired change in the shape and/or configuration of the inner core layer resulting in a desired change in the RG values.

[0107] In embodiments, the bowling ball 100 can be shaped or otherwise configured with mass properties configured to be symmetric in design; while some embodiments, the mass properties are configured to be asymmetric in design.

[0108] According to further aspects, a bowling ball 100 can include an inner core layer comprising a first zone extending substantially along a first axis, a second zone located between the first axis and a second axis extending substantially perpendicular to the first axis, and a third zone located adjacent the second axis; a plurality of outer core layers formed about the inner core layer; and a cover stock layer formed about the outer core layer. In this exemplary embodiment, a plurality of finger holes can be formed through the cover stock layer and at least a portion of the outer core. Further, the plurality of finger holes can be selectively located within at least one of the first, second, or third zones.

[0109] According to addition embodiments, a bowling ball 100 can be designed with consideration for finger hole placement. In this embodiment, the bowling ball can comprise an inner core layer configured to impart selected performance properties or characteristics to the bowling ball. Such an exemplary bowling ball can have inner core layer including a first zone, a second zone, and a third zone, an outer core layer; and a cover stock layer, which can comprise a liquid curable material that can be applied about the inner and outer core layers. In this exemplary aspect, it is contemplated that the first zone of the inner core layer can be configured to align substantially along a first axis traversing the inner core layer, ending at a distal point nearer to the cover stock layer compared to the second zone; the second zone can be configured to be positioned between the first axis and a second axis, which extends substantially perpendicular to the first axis; and the third zone, situated adjacent to the second axis, can be configured to lie closer to the cover stock layer than both the first and second zones. In further embodiments, a plurality of finger holes can be introduced through the cover stock layer, the outer core layer and at least partially into at least one of the first, second or third zones. It is further contemplated that in some embodiments, the finger holes can be selectively located within one or more of the first, second and third zones based on a desired RG value, in view of the bowling ball design to accommodate finger hole considerations effectively.

[0110] In embodiments, a system is included for locating the gripping holes (finger holes) 156 in the bowling ball assembly 100 by locating the center of grip (CoG) relative to the Y-axis along the surface of the bowling ball. Further, other factors that can be integrated in this system include the axis of rotation of the bowling ball at the release/delivery, which is located on the surface of the cover stock layer 102 by the positive axis point (PAP) of a bowler and the relative distance between the Y-axis and the PAP.

[0111] In embodiments, a method of positioning the finger holes 156 in the bowling ball assembly 100 can include inputting a bowler's positive axis point (PAP) into a system for locating the finger hole position. The system then calculates the straight-line distance between the bowler's center of grip (CoG) and the PAP. The operator then can select a pin-to-CoG distance from a drop-down menu in the system and can input a desired pin-to-PAP distance. In context, the pin locates the minimum RG axis for layout purposes. Since the pin is a point between the CoG and the PAP, the sum of the pin-to-CoG and pin-to-PAP distances will be greater than the calculated straight-line distance between the CoG and the PAP.

[0112] In embodiments, the method can include the step of calculating the components a conventional dual angle layout system, i.e., determine a drilling angle, pin to PAP distance and angle to the vertical axis line (VAL). In embodiments, an individual then can use a known process for laying out a bowling ball to determine location and orientation of the gripping holes utilizing commonly available industry tools and a marking device that can apply a location marker, e.g., a temporary marking.

[0113] In certain embodiments, the system is capable of calculating the total of the input distances and identifying potential concerns with the riser pin position before marking the bowling ball for drilling. For example, a negative angle towards the Vertical Axis Line (VAL) suggests a potential issue, such as the bowling ball rolling over one or more finger holes during its lane travel. This scenario can negatively impact performance and is, therefore, advisable to be avoided in optimal designs.

[0114] In certain embodiments, a method for designing an inner core layer of a bowling ball 100 for no-thumb bowlers is provided, the method can include determining desired RG target values for one or more primary axes of the bowling ball and/or determining desired differential values of the RG values (e.g., determining total differential RG values and/or intermediate differential RG values), configuring an inner core layer geometry and dimensions thereof to achieve desired RG target values when finger holes are drilled into the bowling ball, assembling the inner core layer and surrounding the inner core layer with an outer core compound material and a cover material to form the bowling ball. In embodiments of the method, the inner core layer can be configured to achieve the desired RG target values based on a location of the finger holes and an intersection thereof with the inner core layer. In further embodiments of the method, the inner core layer can be configured to achieve the desired RG target values for the primary axes of the bowling ball. In embodiments of the method, the inner core layer can be designed and configured to achieve the desired RG target values based on a simulation of a drilling process for the finger holes. In this aspect, the designing step can comprise simulating a drilling process for the finger holes and using results of the simulated drilling process to configure the inner core layer body geometry and dimensions for achieving the desired RG target values.

[0115] In other embodiments, a method for designing a bowling ball 100 for customizing performance for no-thumb bowlers can include designing an inner core layer with three distinct zones, comprising a first zone in proximity to a Y-axis of the bowling ball, a second zone extending between the Y-axis and an X-axis of the bowling ball, and a third zone projecting toward a shell of the bowling ball in the direction of the X-axis; configuring the inner core layer such that a mass change resulting from drilling finger holes in the first zone and the second zone affects a height and a width of the inner core layer, respectively, to maintain post-drilled RG total and differential targets that are statistically similar to an RG of an undrilled bowling ball; and configuring the inner core layer such that the finger holes intersect with the inner core layer in strategic locations that affect performance characteristics of the bowling ball, as measured by a total differential, an intermediate differential, or a combination thereof.

[0116] In still another embodiment, a method for manufacturing a bowling ball 100 for customizing performance for no-thumb bowlers can include forming an inner core layer with three distinct zones, including a first zone in proximity to a Y-axis of the bowling ball core, a second zone extending between the Y-axis and an X-of the bowling ball core, and a third zone projecting toward a shell of a bowling ball including the inner core layer in the direction of the X-axis; drilling finger holes into the bowling ball at strategic locations that intersect with the inner core layer. In this embodiment, the strategic locations are selected to determine selected performance characteristics of the bowling ball, as measured by a total differential and/or an intermediate differential; and configuring the inner core layer such that a mass change resulting from the drilling the finger holes in the first zone and the third zone affects a height and a width of the inner core layer, respectively, and causes a mass change in the second zone sufficient to maintain post-drilled RG target values that are statistically similar to an undrilled bowling ball. In embodiments, a bowling ball formed according to the method comprises a cover material surrounding an outer core compound and the inner core layer.

[0117] In embodiments, a method of forming a bowling ball 100 can include forming an inner core layer 106 comprising a first zone extending substantially along a first axis, a second zone located between the first axis and a second axis extending substantially perpendicular to the first axis, and a third zone located adjacent the second axis; forming an outer core layer about the inner core layer; and forming a cover stock layer about the outer core layer. In this exemplary method, a plurality of finger holes can be formed through the cover stock layer and at least a portion of the outer core layer and can be selectively located within at least one of the first, second, or third zones of the inner core layer based on a target RG value of the bowling ball.

[0118] According to still another embodiment, a method for bowling can include providing a bowling ball 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and delivering the bowling ball along a lane with two fingers inserted into the bowling ball, without using a thumb hole used, such that the finger holes intersect with the inner core body in strategic locations that affect the performance of the bowling ball, as measured by total differential and intermediate differential.

[0119] The foregoing description generally illustrates and describes various embodiments of the present disclosure. It will, however, be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the above-discussed construction of without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as disclosed herein, and that it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as being illustrative, and not to be taken in a limiting sense. Furthermore, the scope of the present disclosure shall be construed to cover various modifications, combinations, additions, alterations, etc., above and to the above-described embodiments, which shall be considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, various features and characteristics of the present disclosure as discussed herein may be selectively interchanged and applied to other illustrated and non-illustrated embodiments, and numerous variations, modifications, and additions further can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.