Emergency opening device for a closure
12123244 ยท 2024-10-22
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
E05B51/023
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E05B77/10
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E05Y2400/20
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
F41H5/22
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F15B15/16
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F15B15/19
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
International classification
E05F1/00
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
Abstract
An integrated system for releasing trapped persons in a vehicle (PARIS) includes a central management unit (CPU) to which sensors (D1, D2, . . . Dn), an input-output socket (S) for connecting a service computer and control switches or buttons, and at least the following are connected at an output of the central management unit: an automatic seatbelt cutting system (SBC), a system for automatically opening door locks and bolts and locking them in the open position (LOB), and a system for automatically swinging doors and locking them in the open position (DOB).
Claims
1. A system for emergency opening of a movable closure (42) inserted in an immovable element (47) and which constitutes a barrier between two spaces, wherein the system comprises an actuator (1) able to move the closure (42) from a closed position into an open position, wherein the actuator (1) comprises: a casing (88), at least one sliding-out element (2, 3, 4, 82, 86), placed at least partially in the casing (88), and at least one gas generator (11, 12) able to drive the at least one sliding-out element (2, 3, 4, 82, 86) away from the casing, wherein the casing (88) is fixed in an opening in one of the immovable element (47) and the closure (42) and the at least one sliding-out element is fixed to the other one of the immovable element and the closure, wherein the at least one gas generator (11, 12) is placed in the casing (88) of the actuator (1), wherein the at least one gas generator (11, 12) at least partially or in total enters the at least one sliding-out element (2, 3, 4, 82, 86), and wherein the at least one sliding-out element is inflatable and made from a flexible material.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one gas generator (11, 12) is mounted to a mounting head of the casing (88).
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein a volume of the at least one sliding-out element (82, 86) increases in response to the gas generated by the at least one gas generator (11, 12).
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gas generator comprises compressed gas.
5. A system for emergency opening of a movable closure (42) inserted in an immovable element (47) and which constitutes a barrier between two spaces wherein the system comprises an actuator (1) able to move the closure (42) from a closed position into an open position, wherein the actuator (1) comprises: a casing (88), at least one sliding-out element (2, 3, 4, 82, 86), placed at least partially in the casing (88), and at least one gas generator (12) able to drive the at least one sliding-out element (2, 3, 4, 82,86) away from the casing, wherein the casing (88) is fixed in an opening in the movable closure (42) and the at least one sliding-out element is fixed to the immovable element, wherein the at least one gas generator (12) is placed in the casing (88) of the actuator (1) in parallel with an axis of operation of the actuator (1), wherein the at least one gas generator (12) at least partially or in total enters the at least one sliding-out element (2, 3, 4, 82, 86), and wherein the at least one sliding-out element is inflatable and made from a flexible material.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) The invention shall be presented below in a favourable example of embodiment/make with reference to the attached figures in which:
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
(48) If in the description the following terms are used: the movable element or the closing element or the movable closing element, they are understood as a movable barrier/baffle or an element closing an inlet/outlet opening/hole (hatch) or a loading/unloading opening/hole (hatch), which (the element) moves from closed position into open position and vice versa. It is installed, for example, in a sliding way or in a pivotal way in inlet/outlet openings/holes (hatches) or loading/unloading openings/holes (hatches) which are made in the immovable elements, and the immovable elements together with the movable elements form a barrier between two rooms/spaces or environments, especially in means of transport, buildings, building premises/facilities or technical equipment/devices. As an example, the movable element can be: doors, manholes, hatches, gate valves, emergency exits, windows, window panes and others but the invention is not limited to those aforementioned. These terms can also cover and be understood the elements which are permanently fixed, i.e. without a possibility of their free movement but which close the inlet/outlet opening/hole (hatch) or a loading/unloading opening/hole (hatch)these are, as an example, panes glued-in into a window opening in buses/coaches, rail-coaches/wagons, military vehicles and also in regular passenger cars and motor trucks/lorries.
(49) On the other hand, the immovable element is an element of construction/structure in which the inlet/outlet opening/hole (hatch) or a loading/unloading opening/hole (hatch) is made, this being closed by
(50) the movable element. An example of the movable element can be a car body, armour or external plating of a vehicle or another means of transport, supporting structure of a building or a building facility, such as wall or masonry/brickwork, and also a body/casing/housing of technical devices/equipment or machinery.
(51) In
(52) In this example of embodiment the actuator (1) is intended for emergency opening of movable elements (42), blocked or jammed, or locked by a lock or bolts such as a door, manhole, hatch, emergency exit or window.
(53) The actuator (1) is installed in adequately strong/robust, thick external planes of the immovable element (47) of a means of transport, e.g. rail-coaches/wagons, underground/subway cars, motor trucks/lories, military vehicles, boats, submarines, helicopters, aircraft etc.
(54) A through opening (a port) of appropriately selected diameter, proportional to the diameter of the actuator (1) installed, is made in the external plane of the immovable element (47) of a means of transport or a technical device/facility/equipment, or a building facility.
(55) In order to enable the installation of actuators (1) in the external strong/robust planes of this immovable element (47), the panes being the fixing and resistance (support) point for the actuator (1) operating with great force, an adequate structure/design of the actuators (1) is necessary. For this purpose an external flange (6) was made and a thread on the body (88) of the actuator (1), which allows to screw down the actuator (1) with a nut (7).
(56) Alternatively, the actuator (1) can be screwed into a threaded hole in the external plane of the immovable element (47) of a means of transport or a technical device/facility/equipment, or a building facility or a building.
(57) The example provided does not exhaust other manners of installation of the actuator (1) in the immovable element (47). Such different ways of installation can be the use of Seeger ring (circlip) replacing the resistance (back) flange (6) and the nut (7), or the actuator (1) can be set on glue, soldered, welded-in or forced in the hole when the actuator (1) has a cone on its external surface (the surface is cone-shaped).
(58) The actuator (1) is composed of an external threaded body/casing (88) having a resistance flange (6) which enables installation of the actuator (1) with a nut (7) in the immovable element (47). However, inside the body (88) the slid-out elements (2) and (3) of the actuator (1) are located, e.g. bushings (2) and a mandrel (3), featuring flanges with sealing (22) preventing complete sliding out of the slid-out elements (2) and (3) outside the actuator (1). The sliding-out elements (2) and (3) are closed with a hermetic pressure lid (8). However, opposite the actuator (1) a hermetic assembly head (11) is fitted, by a thread or in a different manner (e.g. squeezed, soldered, glued or secured with a Seeger ring);
(59) it (the head) contains at least one gas generator (12) with electric cables (14) connected to it.
(60) The actuator (1) is fed (driven) by at least one pyrotechnic generator (12) enabled/switched on by an electric impulse supplied by the electric cables (14). The base of the gas generator (12) is fitted in the assembly head (11) while the active part of the gas generator (12) is located inside the body (88) and specifically inside the sliding-out element (2) and (3) which enable maximal miniaturization of the actuator (1) design and achieving great energy the slid-out elements (2) and (3).
(61) Such a design allowed to develop the miniaturized actuator (1), of 40 mm length, in folded condition and the stroke of the actuator of about 40 mm, which permits to use the actuator in some applications wheredue to limited spacethere is no possibility to use normal, i.e. quite long actuators at least 50 mm long, preserving appropriately small diameter and appropriately big stroke and power of the actuator.
(62) In publications PL225323B1 and P.396300 the actuators are presented in which the pyrotechnic generators are entirely mounted in special heads and they do not enter the sliding-out elements of the actuators. However, in patent application P.416870 the manner of assembling is revealed of mounting the actuators in the internal surfaces of the external planes, e.g. door posts B and C in which the actuators are mounted, having resistance/thrust points on the internal surfaces of the door posts, as these internal surfaces of the door posts are made of strong/robust materials, such as steel boron plates which ensure retaining the activated actuators pressing with great energy (power) onto the movable element (e.g. a vehicle door) being opened.
(63)
(64) The remaining designations on
(65) In figures
(66) In
(67) Such positioning of the gas generator (12), so-called lying, allows to shorten the length of the actuator (1) substantially and to use it in some applications featuring a limited free space for installation.
(68) The gas generator (12) is mounted in the head (11) in a way different than in solutions shown in
(69) In the sliding-out element (2) and (3) of the actuator (1), and more precisely in the mandrel (3) slid into the bushing (2), a springy cone-shaped ring (10) was located which enables locking the telescoping movement of the actuator (1).
(70) The springy cone-shaped ring (10) can be mounted also on each sliding-out element (2) and (3) of the actuator (1). Favourably, the cone-shaped ring (10) is mounted in a recess in the outer surface of the sliding-out element (2) and (3) in such a way that after sliding out of the sliding-out elements (2) and (3) it is partially located within this recess (e.g. In the form of a perimeter groove) and partially it protrudes outside the contour of the outer surface.
(71) While the sliding-out elements (2) and (3) are sliding out, the springy cone-shaped ring (10) is sliding in or telescoping (retreating) into the groove in which it is set and after passing beyond the sealing rings (22) set in the resistance flanges, the springy cone-shaped ring (10) is expanding. In the event the sliding-out elements (2) and (3) tend to get back or telescope, the wide base of the cone-shaped ring (10) is stopped by the resistance flange (6) of the external sliding-out element (2) and (3) and thus prevents telescoping of the entire or a part of the actuator (1).
(72) Such a solution is advantageous in the applications where water pressure or the weight of the movable element (42) can cause telescoping or sliding off the slid out actuator (1) and return of the actuator (1) to collapsed/folded position and the return of the opened element (42) to the closed position.
(73) In
(74) The closing means (58) intended to close the movable element (42) consist of an external arm (60) and an internal arm (59) and a spare/reserve arm (62) or can be a typical lock used commonly in the means of transport, in technical devices and in building facilities.
(75) In
(76) In some emergency situations there is a necessity of very quick opening, counted in milliseconds, of the movable element (42) to enable escape or depressurisation of compressed gases generated during explosions, e.g. of gas, in building facilities, on drilling platforms, in technical devices or in military vehicles
(77) after an explosion of ammunition (a missile, a mine), which can cause an extremely abrupt increase of pressure inside a means of transport or in a technical device or in a building facility.
(78) In
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(80) In some applications, there is no possibility to place the whole actuator (1) in the external plane of the immovable element (47) or partially under this plane as there is not enough room, that is why the only possibility which remains is to mount the actuator (1) entirely or almost entirely on the external plane(the armour) of means of transport, technical device, building facility.
(81) To do so, a hole is made in the movable element (42), favourably in its end part on the side opposite to the hinges (45). A bushing (44) is mounted in this hole and the bushing at least partially covers or overlaps the actuator (1) when the movable element (42) is in closed position.
(82) In
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(84) A special guard bushing (17), which fastens and stabilizes the gas generator (12), is used in the design of this actuator (1). The guard bushing (17) also prevents breaking the gas generator (12) apart to the sides.
(85) The remaining designations presented in
(86) In an alternative example of embodiment shown in
(87) The actuator (1) is made up of the body (88) and a piston (4) placed in it, sealed with the sealing rings (22) and driven by at least one gas generator (12) set in the assembly head (11) which closes the body (88) of the actuator (1).
(88) The piston (4) moves inside the body (88) of the actuator (1) which is protected with an internal flange and a sealing ring (22), which prevents sliding out or falling out the piston (4) outside the actuator (1).
(89) The piston (4) moves (pushes out) the mandrel (5) mounted on the movable element (42) which slides in/out into/out of the inside of the body (88) of the actuator (1), when the movable element shifts from opened position into closed position and vice versa. The other end of the mandrel (5) is connected by an articulated joint (45) with the movable element (42).
(90) Such a design of the actuator (1) eliminates the problem of leakage of the seals of the telescopic sliding-out elements (2) and (3) and also eliminates the necessity of machining (turning) of precise sliding-out elements (2) and (3).
(91) Presented in
(92) In turn
(93) the piston (4) pushes out the mandrel (5) from the inside of the actuator (1) and at the same time shifts the movable element (42) to opened position.
(94) The remaining designations presented in
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(96) The head (11), at least two-step one, or the gas generator (12), at least two-step one, favourably featuring the outer thread (15) for fastening, which mates the appropriate inner thread of the body (88) of the actuator (1).
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(98) As at least one gas generator (12), which is a source of energy, is used in the actuators (1) for emergency opening of the movable elements (42), it is necessary to mount the gas generator (12) or the gas generators in the actuator in a proper manner. For this purpose special heads (11) (e.g. turned/machined in metal) are made, and at least one gas generator (12) is fixed in them. However, the actuator (1) is enabled/activated in many stages, i.e. in several consecutive stages, e.g. In regular time intervals and that is why a number of gas generators (12) are set in the head (11), which complicates the assembly of such a head (11) and poses a potential hazard for individuals assembling the gas generators (12) in the head (11) and increases the risk of damage to the electric cables (14) or imprecise assembly and connection of several gas generators (12).
(99) Commonly used wording regarding the drive/supply of the actuators (1) by the gas generators (12) is not entirely precise, as the supply/drive of the actuators (1) according to the invention is effected by the useapart from the micro-gas generators (12) of the MGG type (Micro Gas Generators)
(100) regular fuses (detonators)in professional terminology also called initiators(GTMS, Glass-to-Metal-Sealed-Squibs)which are mainly intended for firing the proper substance (e.g. Green Propellant) producing gas in typical gas generators used to fill airbags and tensioning seatbelts. Such example gas generators were revealed in documents U.S. Pat. No. 6,364,354B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,053,531. Therefore the originators of the invention developed a favourable solution which eliminates these hazards and inconveniences, suggesting a design in which in the production line manufacturing gas generators (e.g. GTMS or MGG) at least one gas generator (12) is fixed or sealed in the special head (11) made of metal or robust/strong plastic.
(101) The head (11), favourably a cylinder-shaped one, can have reinforcement (20) on the end of the electric cables (14) outlet, e.g. in the form of a plate made of composite materials or metal, which will ensure safe generation of very high pressures required to drive the actuators (1). Favourably, the reinforcement (20) has hollows or holes (16) enabling to screw in and screw out the head (11) having a thread (15).
(102) It is also favourable to route electrical connections for the gas generators (12) inside the head (11), e.g. with a minus lead (13) inside the head (11), which will allow to lead only one minus cable out of the head (11), and one plus cable for each gas generator (12) installed in the head (11).
(103) It is also favourable to use the electric cables (14) instead of electrodes designed for connecting electric plugs in all gas generators (12)
(104) as they enable designing miniaturized actuators (1) which can be easily installed later in limited spaces of means of transport or technical devices or building facilities.
(105) The head (11) containing at least one gas generator (12) or at least one-step gas generator (12) favourably hason its external surfacesealing (22) and it favourably has a thread (15) which provides strong/robust, reliable and hermetic fixing in the actuator (1). This simplifies the design/structure of the actuator (1) as there is no necessity to use e.g. Seeger rings (21) which not always protect the head (11) against pulling out because of too much of energy of the shock wave generated during activation of the gas generators (12).
(106) It is also advantageous/favourable to reinforce the side wall (shell) of the gas generator (12), for example with a bushing (19) made of robust/strong material and the use of guards (18) in the active part of the gas generator (12), e.g. strong/robust metal lids, which will prevent intrinsic/spontaneous activation of other gas generators (12) during activation of the first one and the following gas generators (12). Instead of guards (18) a thick layer of robust/strong plastic can also be used, sealed in the manufacturing process e.g. on injection moulding machines.
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(108) the sliding-out elements (2) and (3), the sealing ring (22), the head (11), the gas generator (12), the electric cables (14). The actuator (1) features an electronic system (23) controlling the start-up/activation and operation of the actuator (1), which (the system) is situated inside the actuator (1), favourably in the body (88).
(109) Installation of the electronic control system (23) inside the actuator (1) will eliminate the necessity of using the electric cables (14) connecting the actuator (1) with an external electronic control centre, which increase the reliability of operation of the actuator (1), as there is no risk of damage to the electric cables (14) in emergency situations or during regular operation/use of means of transport, a technical device or a building facility.
(110) Eliminating the external electric cables (14) decreases the risk of damage, destruction of the electronic control system (23) by an electro-magnetic pulse, thanks to the movable metal guard (30) of the electronic system (23) and the gas generators (12), which (the guard) protects against an electro-magnetic pulse.
(111) The actuator (1) has a hermetic design and is made of metal-entirely nd owing to this fact the electronic control centre and the control system (23) and the pyrotechnic gas generators (12) are protected from an effect of an electromagnetic pulse, as they are placed in so-called Faraday cage. In other embodiment versions, located outside the actuator (1) the electronic control centres or control systems (23) and the gas generators (12) also feature protection against destructive effect of an electromagnetic pulse.
(112) The electronic control system (23) can be enabled by hand, by entering an access code or by voice commands, or by gestures, or remotely, e.g. by a remote control unit after giving signals from the sensors mounted in the actuator (1).
(113) The electronic system (23) controlling the initiation/start-up/enabling and operation of the actuator (1) comprises connected electrical elements such as a battery or an accumulator or a super-condenser (24) being the power supply of the electronic system (23) controlling the operation of the actuator (1), a diode or a display (25) signalling the charging level, a microprocessor (26) controlling the operation of the actuator (1), alpha-numerical push-buttons (27) or a touch-screen which permit to enter the code initiating the operation of the actuator (1), a guard (28) (e.g. made of glass) of the digital or alpha push-buttons which, in the event of necessity of activation of the actuator (1) will be broken or removed, a push-button (29) of emergency start-up of the actuator (1) without entering the access code (the push-button can be highlighted e.g. by colour pulsing light and stay enabled/active al the time or get enabled/activated after any abnormal parameters occur as sensed/recorded by the sensors mounted in the actuator or sending signals to the actuator), a metal removable guard (30) of the electronic systems (23) and the gas generators (12), protecting the actuator against an electro-magnetic pulse, an acceleration sensor (31), a shock sensoran accelerometer plus position sensora gyroscope, a sound sensor (32), a smoke or fire or temperature sensor (33), a water sensor (34), a voice sensor (35)speech analyser/recognizer, which enables giving voice commands/instructions to enable the actuator operation or its stop/disabling, gesture sensor (36) or scanner, finger/thumb or palm or face or eye scanner (37), a sensor (38)a wireless communication moduleenabling remote activation of the actuator (1) by the crew, and also remote or wired activation by special rescue units after analysing the access codes, an interior pressure sensor (39) for sensing pressure inside a means of transport, a technical device or a building facility, a path sensor (40) measuring the distance/angle of opening of the movable element (42) being opened.
(114) The principle of operation of the actuator (1) is as follows. In a situation when it is necessary to use the actuator (1) open (move to the upper position) the movable metal guard (30) and then break or remove the glass or guard (28) guarding the push-buttons (27) and (29) and enter the access code or bring closer the electronic card which will enable/start-up the actuator (1).
(115) Depending on the software programmed in the electronic control centre, first the first gas generator (12) of small power can be initiated and then the further gas generators (12) of high power.
(116) The electronic sensors include also a path (distance) sensor (40) measuring the distance or the angle of opening of the movable element (42), ant this sensor activation will cause stop of activation of the consecutive gas generators (12) and thus stop sliding out of the actuator (1) when the movable element (42) gets to the opened position.
(117)
(118) The actuator (1) is made up of its external casing/body and a sliding-out element placed inside in the form of a mandrel (3) which is driven by at least one enabled gas generator (12) placed in the head (11). The actuator (1) is set inside the bushing (48) which is e.g. screwed down with a bolt/nut (50) or the ring (21), for instance Seeger ring, to the floor interior (49) of means of transport or a technical device or a building facility.
(119) The actuator (1) is situated opposite the movable element (42) being opened, which is connected in an articulated (pivot) way by the hinge (45) with the structure a means of transport, a technical device or a building object/facility.
(120) The remaining designations presented in
(121)
(122) In some designs of means of transport or technical devices or building objects/facilities there is no possibility or mounting the actuators (1) in the light of openings of the
(123) movable elements (42) and therefore it is favourable to mount the actuators (1) in the floor or under the floor of a means of transport or a technical device or a building object/facility.
(124)
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(126) An additional element (51) was added to the movable element (42)e.g. welded or screwed down or made in the manufacturing processin the form of an additional surface of the movable element (42) and the surface reaches out outside the light of the opening of the movable element (42) which can be e.g. a door, a manhole, a hatch. In numerous designs, especially in military applications, the movable element (42) is made in such a way that its surfaces covers the opening in a minimal extent only, therefore some extension of the surface of the movable element (42) is required. Due to the heavy weight of the movable elements (42) being opened, e.g. armoured doors/manholes/hatches, the manufacturers of means of transport maximally reduce their dimensions and weight.
(127) In numerous means of transport, in technical devices and building facilities/objects there is no possibility of installation of the actuators (1) in the light of the movable element (42) due to minimal dimensions of the hole, which would make safe use of such a hole difficult.
(128) In connection with it the only possibility is to mount the actuator (1) on the rims of the movable element (42) in the external planes of a means of transport or a technical device or a building object/facility, and this results in a necessity of adequately longer and/or wider structures (designs) of the movable elements (42).
(129) A solution of this problem is to add an additional element (51) which extends the movable element (42) and plays a role of a press surface being pushed by the actuator (1) fixed outside the light of the movable element (42) or outside or under the gasket sealing the movable element (42).
(130)
(131) The remaining designations presented in
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(133) In the flexible actuator (1) presented in
(134) The flexible material (82) can be reinforced e.g. by glass fibre or carbon fibre and it is folded inside the body (88) of the actuator (1).
(135) Inside the body (88) of the actuator (1) there is also placed at least one gas generator (12) and/or a compressed air cell opened by means of an electric (solenoid) valve or by means of a striker set in motion by the activated gas generator (12).
(136) The actuator (1) can also be driven by compressed air pumped by a compressor.
(137) The gas generator (12), at least one-step one, and/or the compressed air cell can be placed inside the flexible material (82) or connected with a hermetic conduit with the flexible material (82).
(138)
(139) The remaining designations presented in
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(141) The materials featuring shape memory of the SMA type (shape memory alloys) are a unique class of metal alloys which can change their shape after heating above some temperature. The change of shape consists in return of the material to its original shape, that is to that which was given in the manufacturing process or in the so-called pseudo-flexibility effect.
(142) Whereas the SMP type materials (shape memory polymers) are so-called smart polymers.
(143) The principle of operation consists in heating up the material (82) SMA/SMP, e.g. by electric current, which results in an increase of temperature of the material (82) SMA/SMP and its return to the shape pre-given in the manufacturing process. During the change of shape the material (82) SMA/SMP performs work, which in this case is used to drive the actuators (1) opening the movable elements (42).
(144) In
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(146) The use of smart materials of the SMA/SM type allows to use the actuators (1) many times and also use them in other applications.
(147)
(148) Whereas the pneumatic gasket (69) is shown in the loose (depressurized) condition after opening of the movable element (42).
(149) The remaining designations presented in
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(153) In an emergency situation, when there is a necessity of emergency opening of the movable element (42)the sliding doorthe electronic control system (23) supplies the voltage of electric current via the cables (14), first to the actuator (1) opening the lock or the bolts (63), and then to the actuator (1) which, after receiving the electric current voltage heats up the smart material (41) of the SMA/SMP type, which results in a change of shape of the material (41)
(154) of the SMA/SMP type and thus the same execution of work by the material (41) of the SMA/SMP type. The material (41) (41) of the SMA/SMP type moves the sliding mechanism into the guide (48) and thus it shifts and opens the movable element (42)the sliding doorinto the open position.
(155) In all the examples of the embodiment (except the example of embodiment in
(156)
(157)
(158) The remaining designations presented in
(159) In
(160)
(161) For opening of a movable element (42), which is the sliding door, one can use at least one pyrotechnic actuator (1), whereas
(162) The actuators (1) are fitted from the face of the door in the immovable element (47) in the external surface of a means of transport or a technical device or a building object/facility, and on the internal side of the movable element (42), and the third actuator is located in parallel or almost in parallel to the wider side plane of the movable element (42).
(163) The first actuator (1) and the second actuator (1) press directly onto the movable element (42) to be opened, whereas the third actuator (1) is connected e.g. via a tension member (string) (83) with a sliding catch (84), whichduring the activation of the actuator (1) and sliding out of one of its sliding segments
(164) (2) and (3) (41) moves and at the same time it shifts the sliding mechanism in the guide (46) and thus it shifts the movable element (42) into the open position.
(165) The principle of operation is as follows:
(166) Upon an emergency situation occurrence, the electronic control system (23) sends, via the cables
(167) (42), an electric pulse to activate the actuator (1) opening the lock or bolts (not shown in the drawings as it is described in the previous patent applications referred to in the status of the technology (the prior art)), and then to the actuator (1) situated on the internal side of the movable element (42), whichafter activationpresses onto the internal surface, favourably pressing a shaped (profiled) surface (43) in the movable element (42), after which the electronic control system (23) sends electric pulses, via the cables (14) to the actuator (1) situated at the face of the movable element (42), and to the actuator (1) linked with the tension member (string) (83).
(168) The remaining designations presented in
(169)
(170) The remaining designations presented in
(171)
(172) In this example of embodiment movable vertical (52) and horizontal (53) shapes are shown in which the vertical (52) shapes are shifted.
(173) In vertical shapes (52) the actuators (1) are mounted, e.g. In pre-drilled holes (56), whichafter sliding the shape (52) onto the movable element (42) to be opened or onto the immovable element (47), e.g. a window with a bullet-proof pane during activation of the actuator, sliding out the sliding-out segments (2) and (3)open the movable element (42) to be opened.
(174) Such advantageous solution permits the use of the actuators (1) intended for emergency opening of the movable elements (42) and of the immovable element (47), as in some designs of means of transport or technical devices or building objects/facilities there is no possibility or mounting the actuators (1) in the external plating/sheathing of the immovable elements (47), of the structure or in the light of opening of the movable element (42) or the immovable element.
(175) It is advantageous to use this solution in the form of shapes (52), (53) as this eliminates the necessity of making holes in external surfaces or planes of means of transport, technical devices or building facilities/objects.
(176) The principle of operation is as follows.
(177) Upon an emergency situation occurrence, a crew or the electronic control system (23) of a means of transport or a technical device or a building object/facility can shift the vertical shapes (52) to the centre of the rim of the hole (57) of the movable element (42) or this can be effected manually or automatically, e.g. by the use of an electric motor, into a position opposite the movable element (42) to be opened and to initiate manually the operation of the emergency opening system or this can be done automatically initiated by the electronic control system (23).
(178) The electronic control system (23) first opens the locks or bolts (63) closing the movable element (42), and then initiates opening of the movable element (42)). In special situations the electronic control system (23) effects opening of the movable element (42) without initiating the procedure of opening the locks or bolts. It is of special importance when there is a danger/hazard or there was an explosion of gas or other explosives and the purpose is to enable to make holes to let the compressed gases get out.
(179) The remaining designations presented in
(180)
(181) The remaining designations presented in
(182)
(183) In this example of embodiment there are no guiding shapes/rails (52) and (53). Movable shapes (54) have a pivot fastening point at one of the ends and a stop/resistance point (55) situated below the upper rim (57) of the hole.
(184) The holes (56) are made in the rotatable shape (54) and they enable to fast the actuator (1) which is used for emergency opening of the element (42).
(185) A crew or passengers of a means of transport or the inhabitants of a building facility can move the rotatable movable shape (54) into vertical position or almost vertical position shown in
(186) The remaining designations presented in
(187)
(188) The remaining designations presented in
(189)
(190) An advantageous solution is to fasten the actuator (1) inside the entry/exit opening (hole) (57) closed by the movable element (42) in such a way that it does not hinder the normal operation/use, including entering and exit as well as loading and unloading of a means of transport, a technical device or a building facility/object
(191) An advantageous place to locate the actuators (1) are the arches of the rim delineating the entry/exit hole (hatch) or the loading/unloading hole (hatch) (57) on the side of a lock/bolts. For this purpose, in these arches of the hole (57) an additional reinforced shape (51) should be inserted, which is reinforced and fastened permanently, e.g. thick metal plate. The holes (56) for installation of the actuators (1) are made in this reinforced shape (51).
(192) However, not in all applications it is possible to fasten the actuators (1) inside the rim of the hole (57) due to minimized dimensions of the hole (57) in various types of means of transport, technical devices or building facilities/objects, since the actuators (1) installed in these places would hinder safe entering and exit or loading and unloading goods.
(193) Therefore if the hole (57) is too small or too narrow, the actuators (1) are installed outside the rim of the hole (57) and advantageously outside the gasket (69).
(194) In some types of means of transport and technical devices, and also in building facilities/objects the movable elements (42) of minimal dimensions are used, e.g. in order to reduce the weight of these elements, and this refers specifically to the armoured or armour military means of transport.
(195) The reinforced shapes (51) increase the surface of the movable element (42) but on the other hand they do not result in a substantial increase of its weight and can be added in the process of designing and manufacture of these movable elements (42) or installed (welded or screwed down) to the movable elements (42) used in already operated/used means of transport, technical devices and building facilities/objects.
(196) The remaining designations presented in
(197)
(198)
(199) The wedges (64) and the actuator (1) are installed advantageously in a bushing (48) fixed to the inner side of the immovable element (47) of a means of transport or a technical device or a building object/facility.
(200) The external wedge (64) pressing and opening the movable element (42) has a hollowed chamber which is penetrated by the mandrel (65) guiding and protecting the wedge (64) from entire sliding out from the bushing body/casing (48).
(201) In some means of transport or in technical devices or building facilities there is not enough free space to install the actuators (1)
(202) by the methods depicted in previous
(203) In addition, it is advantageous to use the simple machine (64) sinceas a resulta much greater pressing force onto the movable element (42) to be opened is generated, compared to the pressing force of the actuator (1).
(204) Installation of the wedges (1) and of the actuator (1) in the way given above does not require a properly great free space since the wedges (64) and the actuator (1) are fitted in parallel to the external plane of the immovable element (47) and of the movable element (42), which occupies a small space of the width of 20 mm-25 mm, depending on the power of the actuator (1) used.
(205) In the solutions depicted previously in
(206)
(207) The remaining designations presented in
(208)
(209) The principle of operation is similar as with the use of the actuator (1) to drive the simple machine (64) in the form of wedges depicted in
(210)
(211) The remaining designations presented in
(212)
(213) The technical solution presented in
(214) The principle of operation is similar to the a/m ways of opening, i.e. the actuator (1) activated in an emergency situation, sliding out the sliding-out segment, presses on one of the ends of the double-arm lever (66) which, while folding, presses on the movable element (42) to be opened, moving it to the opened position.
(215)
(216) The remaining designations presented in
(217)
(218) In this example of embodiment the double-arm lever (66) is also used but it is driven in a different way, i.e. by means of the helical transmission (67) set in motion manually or by means of an electric motor.
(219) In an emergency situation, when there is a necessity of opening of the movable element (42), there is a possibility of using a helical transmission (67) whichwhile rotatingwill cause folding of the arms of the double-arm lever (66) andat the same timeits sliding out and pressing on the movable element (42) to be opened.
(220) The application of the helical transmission (67) and the double-arm lever (66) releases the passengers or the crew of a means of transport or the inhabitants of a building facility/object from starting-up the actuators (1) by means of electrical power.
(221)
(222) The remaining designations presented in
(223)
(224) In the solution depicted the sliding-out elements (2) and (3), depicted in previous solutions in
(225) the use of special sealing (22), and apart from that, they are heavy weight and their manufacturing cost is high compared with the solution depicted in
(226) In this example of embodiment in
(227) The flexible actuator (75) is made of a strong/robust flexible material, the same or similar to the material used in manufacturing of airbags or of a different flexible material, e.g. one reinforced with glass or carbon fibre. Favourably the flexible actuator (75) can be accordion-folded. It is also advantageous to manufacture the pneumatic actuator (75) of thin metal sheet, formed advantageously as a cylinder, hermetically closed (sealed) on both sides and pressed as accordion-folded along the symmetry axis of the cylinder.
(228) Presented in
(229) In an emergency situation, when there is a necessity of opening of the movable element (42)), the electronic control system (23) (not shown in the drawing) sends a pulse of electric current via the electric cables (14) to activate at least one gas generator
(230) (12) which produces compressed gas which advantageously partially gets into the chamber of the pneumatic actuator (75), and partially presses on the striker (72) puncturing the membrane of the compressed gas/air cell (71), which fills the casing of the pneumatic actuator (75), exerting pressure on the surface of the movable element (42) to be opened.
(231) In a different embodiment version passengers or the crew or the inhabitants of a building facility/object can decide on their own whether to activate the pneumatic actuator (75) or not. Then the actuator (75) has advantageously the gas generators (12) only or the compressed gas/air cell (71) only opened, e.g. by a solenoid valve. Also in this example of embodiment, one can stipulate that the lock/bolt blocking the movable element (42) is opened first.
(232) The pneumatic actuator (75) can have any shape, e.g. cylindrical, oval or oblong. In a simplified version (not shown in the drawings) the pneumatic flexible actuator (75) does need to have the external guard/shield (86).
(233)
(234) The remaining designations presented in
(235)
(236) This solution stipulated the modified typical gasket (68) sealing the movable element (42) adding to this gasket (68) the supply with compressed gas, for example from at least one gas generator (12) or from at least one storage cell (71) of compressed gas or air and/or from a compressor.
(237) In order to seal the holes of the movable elements (42), all over the world, in all types of means of transport, in technical devices and building facilities, the typical flexible gaskets are used, which in general have an internal hollow chamber, which allows slight sagging/yield of the external surface of the gasket during closing of the movable element (42) and thus hermetic shield of the hole/opening closed by the movable element (42) to prevent penetration of noise, air, dust, water.
(238) The originators of this invention developed an advantageous version of embodiment (fabrication) of the typical gasket of the movable element (42) adding to it or connecting its hermetic internal chamber with a source of compressed gas or air, which ca be at least one gas generator (12) or a compressed gas cell (71) or compressed air can be supplied by a small compressor.
(239) The typical gaskets (68), (69) depicted in
(240) Another advantageous effect of using the pneumatic gasket (68), (69) is less energetic/not so abrupt opening of the movable element (42) which increase the safety of its use.
(241) If the cell (71) with compressed gas or air is used, it is advantageous to apply a solenoid valve or a valve which will enable bleeding the compressed gas or air from the inside of the pneumatic gasket (68, 69), which will permit to close the movable element (42).
(242) The pneumatic gasket (68, 69) shown in
(243) This way of installation does not exclude introducing or making advantageous forming (drawing/extruding die-stamping) in the places of installation of the flexible gasket (68), (69), to ensure its more stable mounting/seating.
(244) In an emergency situation the electronic control system (23) or passengers activate the operation of the electronic control system (not shown in the drawings) which first opens the lock or the door bolts (not shown in the drawings), and then at least one gas generator (12) or the cell (71) of compressed gas or air is activated, or compressed air is supplied from a compressor, and after that the compressed gas or air gets to the internal, at least one, hermetic chamber of the pneumatic gasket (68), (69), which results in expansion of the pneumatic gasket (68), (69) exerting pressure on the movable element (42) and in its shifting into the opened position (
(245) After supplying the gas or air pressure the pneumatic and flexible gasket (68), (69), while expanding, straightens up and increasing its volume (marking 70 shows the expanded or disrupted gasket) beyond its normal shape, at the same time exerting pressure on the movable element (42) to be opened. The greatest force is exerted on the element (42) to be opened on the longest arm of the movable element (42) to be opened, i.e. close to the lock/bolts (63), opposite the hinges (45) of the movable element (42).
(246) The advantage of the pneumatic gasket (68, 69) is that, while pressing the part located close to the hinges (45), it allows for a large angle of opening of the movable element (42) and maintaining it in the opened position.
(247) Another advantage of this solution are lower costs of manufacturing and mounting of the pneumatic gasket (68)there is no need to make installation holes or special fastening devices (shapes) compared with typical turned telescopic actuators (1).
(248) In a different embodiment version (not shown in
(249)
(250) The solutions presented in
(251) The remaining designations presented in
(252)
(253)
(254) The principle of operation is the same as that in previously given examples of embodiment in
(255) In another variant of embodiment, a solenoid valve (not shown in the drawing) can be used instead of the striker (72).
(256) The use of the internal flexible expandable element (73), inserted into the gasket (68), (69) allows to increase the pressing force generated by the pneumatic gasket (68), (69) and simultaneous increase of the stroke/sliding-out of the tightened pneumatic gasket, which is depicted in
(257) The pneumatic gasket (70) can also have weakened points (74) of its side walls, whichupon supply of compressed gas is broken/tom apart, which allows to slide out the expandable element (73) by a larger distance and thus to exert pressure on the movable element (42) to be opened on a longer distance.
(258) The advantage of application of this type of pneumatic gaskets is that it uses the already existing/used shapes or places of installation provided for usual gaskets of the movable elements (42) in many means of transport, technical devices and building facilities/objects and there is no necessity of making any additional holes in the internal or external surfaces of means of transport, a technical device a building facility/object.
(259) Such embodiment allows to open the movable element (42) in a milder way and poses less risks to the outsiders staying in the vicinity of the movable element (42) to be opened.
(260) The remaining designations presented in
(261)
(262) The principle of operation and the designations are described in previous
(263) The remaining designations presented in
(264)
(265) The pneumatic gasket (68), (69) features a number of hermetic chambers supplied with compressed gas. The first chamber (78) has at least one gas generator (12) placed inside it, with the electric cables (14) connected to it, and via the cables an electric pulse is sent to activate the gas generator (12), which results in producing the pressure of compressed gas whichwhile migrating to the hermetic chamber (78)causes expansion of the hermetic chamber (78) and a pressure on the movable element (42) to be opened. And the other chamber (79) has a hermetic conduit (77) connected to it, connecting the chamber (79) with at least one gas generator (12), connected with the cell (71) of compressed gas/air.
(266) Upon activation of the gas generator (12) a simultaneous pressure is advantageously exerted on the striker (72) which punches the membrane of the cell (71) of compressed gas/air which migrates to the hermetic chamber (79) resulting in its expansion and pressing on the movable element (42) to be opened. And also a hermetic conduit is connected to the third chamber (80), connecting the chamber (80) with the gas generator (12) mounted in the hermetic conduit (77), and the principle of operation is the same as that described for the first hermetic chamber (78).
(267) In turn the fourth chamber (81), contains the material with the memory of shape (41) of the SMA/SMP type, which can have the shape of a flat bar, with the electric cables (14) connected to its opposite ends, which (the cables) transmit the voltage of electric current, which causes heating up the material (41) of the SMA/SMP type and the change of its shape e.g. a sinusoid or accordion (bellows). The change of shape of the material (41) results in extension (expansion and bulging/belly) and disruption of the chamber (81) and simultaneous pressure on the movable element (42) to be opened.
(268) The remaining designations presented in
(269)
(270) By means of the SMA/SMP actuator (1) locks or bolts can be advantageously opened many times, in contract with the pyrotechnic actuators (1) in use, which are of one-off use and require replacement of the gas generators (12) used-up with the new ones.
(271) The principle of operation consists in heating up the material (41) of the SMA/SMP type. e.g. by electric current, which results in an increase of temperature of the SMA/SMP material (41) and its return to the shape pre-given in the manufacturing process. During the change of shape the SMA/SMP materials (41) perform work, which in this case is used to drive the actuator (1) intended for emergency opening of the lock or a bolt of the movable element (42).
(272) The electric cables (14) are connected to the SMA/SMP actuator (1), which are used to supply the voltage of electric current. And also one of the ends of the actuator (1) with the SMA/SMP material (41) is connected with the internal arm (59) of a lock or a bolt (58) and the other end is connected with any point situated next to the lock or the bolt (58).
(273)
(274) The pyrotechnic opener is used to release people trapped, in various emergency situations, in means of transport (planes, helicopters, military vehicles, boats, submarines), in technical devices/facilities, e.g. radar stations or in building facilities/objects, e.g. drilling platforms, refineries, chemical plants/sites producing inflammable (combustible)/explosive chemical compounds.
(275) Whilein the examples of embodiment given previouslythe depicted solutions are intended mainly for newly designed, and also already in use, means of transport/technical devices/building facilities/objects etc., where there is a necessity of interference in the design/structure, e.g. making holes for installation, reinforcement of a structure etc., the originators of the invention, in order to avoid these inconveniencesweakening a structure, developed a solution which provides the application of an entirely independent technical method of opening/getting ajar/shifting/pushing out various elements, i.e. doors/manholes/hatches/lids/emergency exits/windows or panes in windows, in doors and window openings, or in doors, by means of a portable device, the Pyrotechnic Opener.
(276) The pyrotechnic opener shown in
(277) The pyrotechnic opener presented in
(278) (a pyrotechnic, pneumatic, electric one or a SMA/SMP actuator), which is installed in the pyrotechnic opener. As an example the actuator (1) can be the actuator shown in
(279) The pyrotechnic opener can be started manually or remotely by people present in means of transport, technical devices or building facilities/objects and has adequate support elements (89, 96) (struts, fastening arms), providing a point of support or thrust/resistance for a siding out (3) segment/support element, whichpressing on the movable element (42) to be opened/got ajar/shifted/pushed outmoves it to its opened position.
(280) Another advantageous technical solution is the use of special fastening devices mounted on the floor/ceiling/wall inside a means of transport, in a technical device or in a building facility/object, to which (the fastening device) the pyrotechnic opener from
(281) The pyrotechnic opener has a possibility of multiple use in one action and there is no necessity to replace the pyrotechnic actuators (1) which drive it.
(282) The originators of the invention developed an advantageous technical solution which assures the multiple use of the actuator (1) in various applications, not only in the pyrotechnic opener, i.e. multiple sliding out and return of the sliding-out elements (2) and (3) of the telescopic actuator (1) or the piston (4), used in the pyrotechnic piston actuator (1).
(283) For this purpose, in the spaces between the sliding-out elements (2) and (3) and/or between (11) the multi-step head containing (12) gas generators or between the multi-step gas generators (12) and the face of the siding-out bushings (2) and/or the sliding-out mandrel (3), or the piston (4) of the actuator (1), a lubricant (99) should be put, e.g. grease (solid lubricant) or in liquid form, or oil, or liquid/fluid silicone, or other solid or liquid/fluid substances providing slide of the siding-out elements (2), (3), (4) and absorption and dissolving the productscarbon deposit generated during activation of the pyrotechnic gas generators.
(284) The use of pyrotechnic opener can be a supplement or an alternative option for the actuators (1) and other devices (84), (66), (68), (70), (73), (75), (78), (79), (80), (81), installed as permanent in means of transport, technical devices or building facilities/objects. The opener can also be the only device used for emergency opening of various movable elements and bullet-proof panes.
(285) The pyrotechnic opener has a control panel controlling the operation of the device, which can be connected via the electric cables (14) or wireless with the devicethe pyrotechnic actuator (1) (pyrotechnic actuators), or can be installed on a device in a shock-absorbing manner, so that to avoid any damage to the power supply battery/accumulator/super-condenser and the electronic control devices (23, 27).
(286) Both versions of control provide a possibility to set the delay times of initiating the device and a selection of number and sequence of activation of specific gas generators (12) so that the operating staff would have time to walk away safely from the device to be operating. The pyrotechnic opener can also be used for opening (getting ajar, pushing out, shifting) various elements, also in other means of transport, technical devices, or building facilities/objects, including those used by the road traffic rescue teams/units, fire brigades and other rescue units/services.
(287)
(288) The pyrotechnic opener has at least one electronic control centre unit (23) installed in the actuator (1) and/or at least one electronic control centre
(289) (23) connected via the cables (14) and advantageously disconnecting plug or wireless with the pyrotechnic (1) telescopic actuator, driving the pyrotechnic opener and the electronic control centres (23) are power supplied by at least one battery and/or
(290) an accumulator and/or a super-condenser. The electronic control centres/units (23) are initiated/started by means of the push-buttons (27) or by means of the access codes entered via the touch screen or by means of voice commands (35).
(291) The pyrotechnic telescopic actuator (1) features the head (11) having at least one pyrotechnic gas generator (12) or has at least one multi-step gas generator (12) (as a target, several or up to twenty pyrotechnic gas generators of various rated powers). Upon initiation/operation of the actuator (1) there is a possibility to telescope (slide-in) of the bushings (2) and (3) of the actuator (1), which allows for multiple use of the pyrotechnic opener. Certainly, there is also a possibility of simultaneous activation of several gas generators (12), in order to achieve the greatest possible force of performance/operation of the pyrotechnic actuator and to open, as fast as possible, the given movable element (42), e.g. when human life is in danger.
(292) There is also stipulated a possibility of exchange of the actuators and replacing the actuators with used-up gas generators (1), with new actuators featuring several or up to twenty gas generators (12).
(293) Depending on the intended use of the device, in the actuators, the generators (12) of more and more power/energy can be applied, which will let achieve graduated pressing power up to many tonnes.
(294) The principle of operation is as follows.
(295) Upon an emergency situation occurrence, when the door(s)/manholes/hatches etc. has got blocked, the individuals staying inside in means of transport, technical devices or building facilities/objects can set the pyrotechnic opener opposite the movable element (42) to be opened, (e.g. to put it up to the element to be opened) and then to lock the device by means of the movable arms (96), adjusting the strut (97) of the arms by means of the thread (98), e.g. against the opposite wall or against specially fastening devices/projections/caving (hollows/pits) in the floor/ceiling or against the floor and ceiling etc. Then unwind the cables with the control console and walk away from the device by a safe distance. Then, upon making sure, that no other individuals are behind the element to be opened, initiate emergency opening (getting ajar, pushing out or shifting) of the movable element (42).
(296) There is also a possibility of remote control of the device by the crew/team without the electric cables (14). For this purpose, the actuator (1) features its own electronic control/power supply system (23) and the module (38) of wireless communication, which enables the initiation/start-up of the pyrotechnic opener fastened inside a means of transport, a technical device or in a building facility/object, and also from outside by special rescue units, having the access codes or magnetic cards inserted in the card reading device, or by means of adequate outputs of the wireless module (38), (or the wired module), where there is a possibility to connect to it the plugs of the electronic device/computer of rescue units. The entire electronic control system (23), has protection against an electromagnetic pulse.
(297) The manner of initiating/start-up from inside and from outside of the pyrotechnic opener given above also refers to all and any other examples of embodiment of the actuators (1), applied for emergency opening of the movable elements (42).
LEGEND OF DESIGNATIONS IN THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES
(298) 1. Actuator (telescopic actuator, piston actuator, flexible actuator, SMA/SMP actuator), 2. Sliding-out element of the actuatorbushing, 3. Sliding-out element of the actuatormandrel, 4. Actuator piston, 5. Pressing mandrel (movable, linked with the movable element) 6. Resistance/stop flangefastening the actuator body/casing, 7. Threaded nut, fastening the actuator body/casing or the bushing in the installation hole, 8. Pressing lid of the actuator, of the mandrel (3) 9. Actuator orifice, closing the actuator body/casing and fastening the actuator in the hole or in the opening device, 10. Springy ring with pawls/latches (blocking the telescoping of the slid-out actuator), 11. Head with at least one gas generator or at least one-step generator (can have internal connections (13) of the gas generators, e.g. via electric leads), 12. Gas generator/generators, 13. Electrical connection of gas generators (minus or plus) inside the head, at least two-step one, 14. Electric cables/electrodes of the gas generator(+), (), electrical connection, 15. Thread on the gas generator/gas generators, 16. Hollow enabling to screw in/screw out the head, gas generator 17. Retaining bushing of the gas generator (the bushing fastening the gas generator and preventing tearing apart the sides of the gas generator), 18. Guard of the gas generator (protects against the effect of the shock wave generated by another activated gas generator, it can be, e.g. a steel or composite material lid pressed into the hole in which the gas generator is fixed or an adequate layer of plastic when the head is made of plastic) 19. Reinforcement of the side wall (shell) of the pyrotechnic gas generator (e.g. a steel or composite material bushing which prevents tearing apart the sides of the gas generator), 20. Reinforcement of the head/pyrotechnic gas generator of the actuator, 21. Ring (e.g. Seeger ring), fastening the actuator/the bushings/the heads of the gas generator, 22. Sealing or resistance or leading ring, 23. Electronic system controlling the start-up/operation of the actuator, 24. Battery/accumulator/super-condenser supplying power to the system controlling the operation of the actuator, 25. Diode/display, signalling the level of charging/discharging of the battery, the accumulator or the super-condenser, 26. Microprocessor controlling the operation of the actuator, 27. Alfa-numerical push-buttons or a touch screen enabling to enter the code activating/enabling the operation of the actuator, 28. Glass/shield/guard shielding the pushbuttons of the control system, 29. Pushbutton for emergency start-up of the actuator without entering the access codethe pushbutton can be highlighted and enabled/active all the time or it can get enabled/activated upon the occurrence of abnormal parameters recorded/sensed by the sensors installed in the actuator or sending signals to the actuator, 30. Metal, movable guard/shield of the electronic assemblies and gas generators, protecting the actuator against an electromagnetic pulse, 31. Acceleration sensor, shock sensoraccelerometer plus position sensorgyroscope, 32. Sound sensor, 33. Smoke/fire/temperature sensor (detector), 34. Water sensor (detector), 35. Voice sensor (detector)speech analyser, enables to give voice/oral commands initiating the operation/activation of the actuator, 36. Sensor (detector)/scanner of gestures, 37. Scanner of thumb/finger/palm (hand)/face/eye, 38. Wireless communication module, 39. Sensor of the inside pressure of a vehicle/object (facility), 40. Path sensor, measuring the distance/angle of opening of the movable element to be opened 41. SMA/SMP material, constituting the drive of the actuator/gasket, 42. Movable element (door, also sliding door, manhole, hatch, window, bullet-proof pane) 43. Tip segment (cover plate)a formed surface mounted on the internal surface of the movable element, 44. Press bushing, installed in the hole of the movable element, 45. Hinge of the movable element, 46. Sliding door guide, 47. Immovable element (the external plane or surface of the structure of means of transport, e.g. a door post, a sill, the armour), 48. Bushing fastening the actuator/actuator fastening, 49. Floor of means of transport/technical device/building facility (object), 50. Bushing fastening to the floor of means of transport/technical device/building facility (object), e.g. a bolt, a nut fastening the bushing), 51. Additional surface of the movable element, which is the press/thrust point of the actuator, 52. Movablesliding shape, 53. Rail guiding the movable/sliding shape, 54. Movablerotatable shape/arm, 55. Thrust/resistance catch (holder) of the rotatable shape, 56. Point/hole for fixing/installation of the actuator, 57. Rim of the hole of the movable element 58. Closing means (lock, bolt, lock holder (assembly/cassette) 59. Internal arm of the lock/bolt/latch 60. External arm/handle of the lock/bolt/latch 61. Bent internal arm of the lock/bolt/latch (opening of the movable element occurred without prior opening of the lock/bolt/latch), 62. Spare internal arm of the lock/bolt/latch (enables closing the opened movable element after bending the first arm 60 of the lock/bolt/manhole), 63. Handle of the lock/bolt/latch of the movable element, 64. Wedgesimple machine, the set of two wedges strutting the movable element to be opened, 65. Mandrel guiding the wedges (prevents complete sliding out of the wedges), 66. Double-arm leversimple machine, 67. Manual lever armthe sliding or rotatable (helical) one, 68. Pneumatic gasket (in deflected condition, pressed down by the closed movable element), 69. Pneumatic gasket (in loose (expanded) condition, pressed down the movable element is opened), 70. Pneumatic gasket (stretched or tom apart during supply of the pressure of compressed gas of the generator or of compressed air), 71. Cell of compressed gas/air, 72. Striker or solenoid valvethe element opening the cell of compressed gas/air (e.g. a striker or a solenoid valve or weakened point of the cell, the striker driven by the activated gas generator), 73. Flexible cell (container)/element placed inside the pneumatic gasket, 74. Weakened point of the pneumatic gasket (facilitating tearing apart of the external coating of the gasket) 75. Pneumatic cell/container, 76. Door post/sill/rim of the hole of the movable element, 77. Conduit connecting the pneumatic gasket with the pyrotechnic gas generator or with the container of compressed gas, 78. Part of the gasket having a hermetic, pneumatic chamber and at least one gas generator placed directly inside the gasket chamber, 79. Part of the gasket having a hermetic, pneumatic chamber supplied with compressed gas and compressed airthe gas generator and the cell of compressed air, 80. Part of the gasket having a limited (contained) pneumatic chamber supplied only with the gas generated by the activated at least one gas generator connected with the chamber via a hermetic conduit, 81. Part of the gasket driven by smart material of the SMA/SMP type, 82. Flexible sliding-out element of the SMA/SMP actuator, 83. Tension member linking the actuator with the element to be opened (e.g. the guide of sliding door), 84. Sliding fastening device or catch (holder) of the SMA/SMP actuator or of the tension member opening/pulling the movable element, e.g. sliding door. 85. Thread on the orifice (9) closing and fastening the actuator (1), 86. Flexible, sliding out part of the flexible actuator (1), 87. Catch (holder) fastening the SMA/SMP actuator (1). 88. Body of the actuator (1). 89. Lever armssimple machine, 90. Thrust/resistance base (support), 91. Fastening of the actuatorbushing, 92. Thread on the actuator fastening devicebushing, 93. Hole for installation of the bushing, of the actuator, 94. Bolt linking the movable parts of the arm (89), of pin (3), 95. Arm of the bolt (94) nut, replacing the wrench for bolts, 96. Resistance-and-retaining arm stabilizing the actuator/device for emergency opening, 97. Strut of the resistance-and-retaining arms, 98. Thread adjusting the length of the strut (97), 99. Lubricant (e.g. oil, grease, fluid/liquid silicone etc. absorbing and dissolving the products generated during the pyrotechnic activation of the gas generator, which (the products) bound or dissolved by the lubricant, enable multiple telescoping (folding) and sliding-in the segments of the actuator (1) and thus multiple operation of the actuator (1), 100. Hole for slide-fastening (1) of the actuator, of the sliding-out element (3)/of the mandrel.