Composition of external lubricant for cold pilgering

Abstract

Disclosed is a composition of a lubricant for cold pilgering of zirconium alloy tubes. More particularly, disclosed is a composition of an external lubricant for cold pilgering of a zirconium alloy cladding tube, the composition exhibiting excellent lubricity and decomposition against microbes.

Claims

1. A composition of a lubricant for cold pilgering of zirconium alloy cladding tubes, the composition comprising: from about 54% to about 55% by weight of water; about 8.5% by weight of a base oil; from 2.2 to 2.6% by weight of a lubricity enhancer; from 1.2% to less than 1.6% by weight of an anti-wear agent; and from 0.8 to 1.2% by weight of an anti-decomposition agent, wherein the lubricity enhancer is a Brazil wax; wherein the base oil is different from the lubricity enhancer; wherein the anti-wear agent is selected from the group consisting of benzenesulfonic acid, C.sub.10 to C.sub.16 alkyl groups, calcium salts, sulfuric acid, C.sub.16 to C.sub.24 alkyl derivatives, and combinations thereof; and wherein the anti-decomposition agent is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ethylene glycol, and combinations thereof.

2. The composition of claim 1, further comprising about 16 wt. % of a fatty acid, wherein the fatty acid is different from the base oil and from the lubricity enhancer.

3. The composition of claim 2, further comprising about 4.7% by weight of a pH enhancer.

4. The composition of claim 3, further comprising about 4% by weight of a viscosity modifier.

5. The composition of claim 4, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of corrosion inhibitors, natural animal fats, and animal fatty acid esters, wherein the natural animal fats are different from the base oil, the lubricity enhancer, and the fatty acid.

6. The composition of claim 5, comprising about 7.6% by weight of the at least one additive.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The above and other objectives, features, and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a photograph illustrating a micro-tapping torque test machine for measuring lubricity of lubricants;

(3) FIG. 2 is a view illustrating data of results of measuring the lubricity of the lubricants using the micro-tapping torque test machine;

(4) FIG. 3 is a photograph illustrating a 4-ball test machine for measuring extreme pressure resistance and wear resistance of lubricants;

(5) FIG. 4 is a photograph illustrating results of a 4-ball test for lubricants according to Comparative Example and Examples;

(6) FIG. 5 is a photograph illustrating results of bacteria/fungi measurement of lubricants according to Comparative Example and Examples; and

(7) FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a graph and a table, the graph on the left illustrating a change in pH according to time course of lubricants according to Comparative Example and Examples, and the table on the right illustrating the change in pH according to time course of lubricants according to Comparative Example and Examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(8) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. However, these examples are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 7—Lubricity Enhancer

(9) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparative Example Example 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Water 57.2 55.4 55.2 55 54.8 54.6 54.4 54.2 Base oil 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Fatty acid 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 PH enhancer 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 Viscosity modifier 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Lubricity A1 0 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 enhancer Anti-wear A2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 agent Anti- A3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 decomposition agent Other A4 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 additives (Unit: % by weight) A1: Brazil wax A2: Mixture of benzenesulfonic acid, C10-16-alkyl derivs., and calcium salts A3: Mixture of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ethylene glycol, and dihydrogen oxide. A4: Corrosion inhibitor, natural animal fat, animal fatty acid ester, and other additives

Comparative Example 2 and Examples 8 to 14—Anti-Wear Agent

(10) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparative Example Example 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Water 56.2 55.4 55.2 55.0 54.8 54.6 54.4 54.2 Base oil 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Fatty acid 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 PH enhancer 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 Viscosity modifier 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Lubricity A1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 enhancer Anti-wear A2 0 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 agent Anti- A3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 decomposition agent Other A4 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 additives (Unit: % by weight)

Comparative Example 3 and Examples 15 to 21—Anti-Decomposition Agent

(11) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comparative Example Example 3 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Water 55.8 55.4 55.2 55.0 54.8 54.6 54.4 54.2 Base oil 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Fatty acid 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 PH enhancer 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 Viscosity modifier 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Lubricity A1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 enhancer Anti-wear A2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 agent Anti- A3 0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 decomposition agent Other A4 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 additives (Unit: % by weight)

Experimental Example 1—Measurement of Lubricity and Extreme Pressure Performance

(12) Measurement of lubricity and extreme pressure performance was performed under conditions of S45C, 600 rpm, 400 N/m, 5.5 mm using a micro-tapping torque test machine. The smaller the value of column max, the smaller the friction and resistance with the machine, and it can be seen that the lubricity and extreme pressure performance were increased. Column mean % is a value indicating the average of data when one product is designated as 100, and it can be seen that the lubricity and extreme pressure performance were relatively decreased when exceeded 100. The experiment was conducted using Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 7, and the results are shown in the table below.

(13) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Comparative Example 1 Example1 Example2 Example3 Example4 Example5 Example6 Example7 Column 260.0 260.0 260.0 240.0 249.0 228.0 229.0 250.0 MAX(Y axis) Column 100.0 99.8 99.5 95.2 97.1 93.3 95.9 97.2 Mean %

(14) Through comparison of Comparative example and Examples, it can be seen that when vegetable wax is added, the extreme pressure performance and lubricity were increased. Additionally, through comparison of Examples, it can be seen that the extreme pressure performance and lubricity were significantly increased when the vegetable wax was added in an amount of equal to or greater than 2.2, and the extreme pressure resistance and lubricity were significantly reduced when the vegetable wax was added in an amount of equal to or greater than 2.6.

Experimental Example 2—Measurement of Wear Resistance

(15) Measurement of wear resistance was performed for 30 minutes under conditions of 75° C., 1200 rpm, and 50 kg using a 4-ball test machine, and the results are shown in the table below.

(16) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Comparative Example 2 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Wear scar 1.35 1.10 1.05 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.90 0.92 value(mm)

(17) The smaller the wear scar (mm), the smaller the wear rate. Through comparison of Comparative Example and Examples in the table above, it can be seen that the wear resistance was increased when an anti-wear agent was added. Additionally, it can be seen that the wear rate was significantly reduced when a wetting additive was added in an amount of 1.2% by weight, and the wear rate was increased again when the wetting additive was added in an amount of equal to or greater than at 1.6% by weight.

Experimental Example 3—Measurement of Anti-Decomposition Performance

(18) For Comparative Example 3 and Examples 15 to 21, measurement of anti-decomposition performance was performed using bacteria and fungi, and the results are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. After a fixed amount of used oil (1 ml) was placed into a bacteria/fungi culture medium kit, emulsion was spread using a spreader and then placed into a shaking incubator to incubate bacteria at 35° C. After 48 hours, bacteria/fungi occurrence was measured, and the anti-decomposition performance was evaluated through the number of dots. Referring to FIG. 6, it can be seen that pH was stabilized when using an anti-decomposition agent. In particular, it can be seen that even if the anti-decomposition agent was added in an amount of equal to or greater than 1.2% by weight, this did not affect the change in pH.

(19) Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that bacteria and fungi did not occur when the anti-decomposition agent was added in an amount of equal to or greater than 0.8% by weight.

(20) All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

(21) The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) is to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

(22) Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.