REFRIGERANT CHARGING SYSTEM FOR RELIQUEFACTION SYSTEM FOR SHIP

Abstract

A refrigerant charging system includes: a reliquefaction system reliquefying boil-off gas generated in a liquefied gas storage tank by compressing the boil-off gas and subjecting the compressed boil-off gas to heat exchange with refrigerant supplied to a heat exchanger while circulating along a refrigerant circulation line; a buffer tank storing utility N.sub.2 to be supplied to the ship; a booster compressor receiving the utility N.sub.2 from the buffer tank, compressing the received N.sub.2, and supplying the compressed N.sub.2 to the refrigerant circulation line; and a first load-up line along which the N.sub.2 is supplied from the buffer tank to the refrigerant circulation line without passing through the booster compressor. Upon initial charging in a non-operation state of the reliquefaction system, the refrigerant circulation line is charged with refrigerant by supplying the N.sub.2 from by a pressure differential between the refrigerant circulation line and the buffer tank.

Claims

1. A refrigerant charging system for a reliquefaction system for ships, comprising: a reliquefaction system provided to a ship and reliquefying boil-off gas generated in a liquefied gas storage tank by compressing the boil-off gas and subjecting the compressed boil-off gas to heat exchange with refrigerant supplied to a heat exchanger while circulating along a refrigerant circulation line; a buffer tank storing utility N.sub.2 to be supplied to the ship; a booster compressor receiving the utility N.sub.2 from the buffer tank, compressing the received utility N.sub.2, and supplying the compressed utility N.sub.2 to the refrigerant circulation line; and a first load-up line along which the utility N.sub.2 is supplied from the buffer tank to the refrigerant circulation line without passing through the booster compressor, wherein, upon initial charging in a non-operation state of the reliquefaction system, the refrigerant circulation line is charged with refrigerant by supplying the utility N.sub.2 from the buffer tank to the refrigerant circulation line along the first load-up line by a pressure differential between the refrigerant circulation line and the buffer tank.

2. The refrigerant charging system according to claim 1, further comprising: a second load-up line along which the utility N.sub.2 is supplied from the buffer tank to the refrigerant circulation line through the booster compressor, wherein, upon refrigerant charging for load-up of the reliquefaction system, the utility N.sub.2 from the buffer tank is pressurized by the booster compressor along the second load-up line and is supplied to the refrigerant circulation line, when a pressure in the refrigerant circulation line is higher than or equal to a pressure in the buffer tank.

3. The refrigerant charging system according to claim 2, further comprising: a first load-down line connected from the refrigerant circulation line to the buffer tank and allowing the refrigerant to be discharged therealong; and a second load-down line connected from the refrigerant circulation line to the buffer tank through the booster compressor, wherein, upon load-down of the reliquefaction system, the refrigerant is discharged from the refrigerant circulation line along the first load-down line by a pressure differential between the refrigerant circulation line and the buffer tank, and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation line is returned to the buffer tank through the booster compressor along the second load-down line when a pressure in the buffer tank is higher than or equal to a pressure in the refrigerant circulation line.

4. The refrigerant charging system according to claim 3, wherein: the refrigerant circulation line is provided with a refrigerant compressor compressing the refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger after cooling the boil-off gas and an expander expanding and cooling the refrigerant compressed by the refrigerant compressor and having been cooled through the heat exchanger and supplying the cooled refrigerant to the heat exchanger; and, upon charging the refrigerant into the refrigerant circulation line, the utility N.sub.2 is supplied from the buffer tank to an upstream side of the refrigerant compressor on the refrigerant circulation line and, upon load-down of the reliquefaction system, the refrigerant is discharged from a downstream side of the refrigerant compressor on the refrigerant circulation line to the buffer tank.

5. The refrigerant charging system according to claim 1, wherein the buffer tank is provided to a nitrogen generation device generating utility N.sub.2 to be supplied to an insulation layer of the liquefied gas storage tank, supplied as seal gas for an onboard compressor, or supplied as refrigerant for the reliquefaction system.

6. The refrigerant charging system according to claim 5, wherein the nitrogen generation device further comprises: a nitrogen generator generating the utility N.sub.2 from compressed air and delivering the generated utility N.sub.2 to the buffer tank; and an air compressor compressing air and supplying the compressed air to the nitrogen generator.

7. The refrigerant charging system according to claim 6, wherein the utility N.sub.2 is supplied from the buffer tank to the refrigerant circulation line without further drying the utility N.sub.2 by disposing a dryer downstream of the nitrogen generator to reduce a dew point of the utility N.sub.2 or by increasing water content-related specifications of the nitrogen generator.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a conventional refrigerant charging system for a reliquefaction system employing nitrogen refrigerant.

[0032] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a refrigerant charging system for a reliquefaction system for ships according to one embodiment of the present invention.

EMBODIMENTS

[0033] In order to fully appreciate the operational advantages of the present invention and the objectives achieved by practicing the present invention, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and description thereof.

[0034] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in terms of the features and effects thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that like components will be denoted by like reference numerals throughout the specification and the accompanying drawings.

[0035] As used herein, the term ship may refer to any type of ship that is provided with a liquefied gas storage tank. For example, the ship may include self-propelled vessels, such as an LNG carrier, a liquid hydrogen carrier, and an LNG regasification vessel (RV), as well as non-self-propelled floating offshore structures, such as an LNG floating production storage offloading (FPSO) unit and an LNG floating storage regasification unit (FSRU).

[0036] In addition, the embodiments of the present invention may be applied to a reliquefaction cycle for any type of liquefied gas that can be transported in a liquid state by liquefaction at cryogenic temperatures and can generate boil-off gas during storage. For example, such liquefied gas may include liquefied petrochemical gas, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied ethane gas (LEG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied ethylene gas, and liquefied propylene gas. In the following embodiments, the present invention will be described using LNG, which is a typical liquefied gas, as an example.

[0037] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a refrigerant charging system for a reliquefaction system for ships according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] The refrigerant charging system according to this embodiment is intended to effectively charge refrigerant into a reliquefaction cycle of a reliquefaction system of a ship, that is, a refrigeration cycle, and to effectively replenish or discharge nitrogen refrigerant in response to changes in load of the reliquefaction cycle.

[0039] The reliquefaction system RS reliquefies boil-off gas generated from liquefied gas in a storage tank of the ship by compressing and cooling the boil-off gas and returns the reliquefied boil-off gas to the storage tank. The reliquefaction system RS includes a compressor (not shown) compressing boil-off gas, a heat exchanger (not shown) cooling the compressed boil-off gas, a gas-liquid separator separating the boil-off gas cooled and reliquefied through the heat exchanger into a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, and the like.

[0040] The refrigerant cycle (not shown) includes: a refrigerant circulation line (not shown) along which refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger is circulated; a refrigerant compressor (not shown) disposed on the refrigerant circulation line and compressing the refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger after cooling boil-off gas; and an expander (not shown) expanding and cooling the refrigerant compressed by the refrigerant compressor and having been cooled through the heat exchanger and supplying the cooled refrigerant to the heat exchanger. The refrigerant compressor and the expander may be connected to each other via a common shaft to form a compander that uses energy from expansion of refrigerant to compress the refrigerant.

[0041] For example, nitrogen (N.sub.2) may be used as the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger while circulating along the refrigerant circulation line.

[0042] The refrigerant charging system according to this embodiment serves to supply nitrogen refrigerant circulated along the refrigerant circulation line to the refrigerant cycle of the reliquefaction system RS or to discharge the nitrogen refrigerant from the refrigerant cycle.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 2, the refrigerant charging system according to this embodiment includes: a buffer tank 110 storing utility N.sub.2 to be supplied to the ship; a booster compressor 200 receiving the utility N.sub.2 from the buffer tank, compressing the received utility N.sub.2, and supplying the compressed utility N.sub.2 to the refrigerant circulation line; a first load-up line UL1 along which the utility N.sub.2 is supplied from the buffer tank to the refrigerant circulation line of the refrigerant cycle without passing through the booster compressor; and a second load-up line UL2 along which the utility N.sub.2 is supplied from the buffer tank to the refrigerant circulation line through the booster compressor.

[0044] The buffer tank 110 is provided to a nitrogen generation device 100 generating and supplying utility N.sub.2 required for the ship, wherein the nitrogen generation device 100 may include: a nitrogen generator 120 generating utility N.sub.2 from compressed air and delivering the generated utility N.sub.2 to the buffer tank; and an air compressor 130 compressing air and supplying the compressed air to the nitrogen generator. Nitrogen generated by the nitrogen generation device 100 may be supplied to an insulation layer of an LNG storage tank, supplied as seal gas for onboard compressors, or supplied as refrigerant for the reliquefaction system.

[0045] The utility N.sub.2 stored in the buffer tank may be supplied to the refrigerant circulation line without further drying the utility N.sub.2 by disposing a separate dryer downstream of the nitrogen generator 120 of the nitrogen generation device to lower a dew point of the utility N.sub.2 or by increasing water content-related specifications of the nitrogen generator 120.

[0046] As the amount of boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank to be reliquefied changes, the amount of cold heat required for the reliquefaction system changes. Here, the amount of cold heat in the refrigerant circulation line and the load of the reliquefaction system may be controlled by changing a mass flow rate of refrigerant along the refrigerant circulation line through replenishment of refrigerant in the refrigerant cycle or through discharge of some refrigerant from the refrigerant circulation line while maintaining a ratio of compression work in the refrigerant compressor to expansion work in the expander at a fixed value without adjustment of a variable geometry nozzle (VGN) of the expander.

[0047] To this end, the first and second load-up lines UL1, UL2, along which refrigerant is supplied from the buffer tank 110 to the refrigerant circulation line, are connected to a low pressure section of the refrigerant circulation line, that is, to an upstream side of the refrigerant compressor (not shown), to replenish refrigerant in the refrigerant cycle.

[0048] In addition, the refrigerant charging system according to this embodiment further includes: a first load-down line DL1 connected from the refrigerant circulation line to the buffer tank and allowing the refrigerant to be discharged therealong; and a second load-down line DL2 connected from the refrigerant circulation line to the buffer tank through the booster compressor. The first and second load-down lines are connected from a high-pressure section of the refrigerant circulation line, that is, from a downstream side of the refrigerant compressor, to the buffer tank 110 to discharge refrigerant from the refrigerant cycle to the buffer tank.

[0049] In the following, a refrigerant charging process by the refrigerant charging system according to this embodiment will be described in detail. First, upon initial charging in a non-operation state of the reliquefaction system, the refrigerant cycle is charged with refrigerant as utility N.sub.2 is supplied from the buffer tank 110 to the refrigerant circulation line of the reliquefaction system RS along the first load-up line UL1 by a pressure differential between the refrigerant circulation line and the buffer tank.

[0050] When the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circulation line changes to a level similar to or higher than that in the buffer tank due to refrigerant charging, making it impossible to perform any further supply of refrigerant by the pressure differential, utility N.sub.2 from the buffer tank is pressurized by the booster compressor 200 along the second load-up line UL2 and is then supplied to the refrigerant circulation line.

[0051] Upon refrigerant charging for load-up of the reliquefaction system due to increase in amount of cold heat required for the reliquefaction system, when the refrigerant pressure in the refrigerant circulation line is at a level similar to or higher than that in the buffer tank, utility N.sub.2 from the buffer tank is pressurized by the booster compressor 200 along the second load-up line UL2 and is then supplied to the refrigerant circulation line to replenish refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation line.

[0052] Conversely, when the reliquefaction system is loaded down due to decrease in amount of cold heat required for the reliquefaction system, a mass flow rate of refrigerant along the refrigerant circulation line is reduced by discharging some refrigerant from a downstream side of the refrigerant compressor to the buffer tank 110 along the first load-down line DL1 by a pressure differential between the refrigerant circulation line and the buffer tank. When the pressure in the refrigerant circulation line changes to a level similar to that in the buffer tank due to refrigerant discharge, refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation line is sent to an upstream side of the booster compressor 200 along the second load-down line DL2 to be compressed by the booster compressor 200 and is then returned to the buffer tank 110.

[0053] During operation of the refrigerant cycle, nitrogen is consumed by the refrigerant compressor. To this end, a separate supply line RSL is provided to periodically supply nitrogen from the buffer tank to the refrigerant circulation line. In addition, a separate N.sub.2 vent line VL is connected to the refrigerant circulation line of the refrigerant cycle to rapidly drain refrigerant from the reliquefaction system in an emergency.

[0054] As described above, the refrigerant charging system according to the present invention can reduce initial installation costs and can contribute to freeing up space in a ship by eliminating the need for separate devices, such as a dryer and an inventory tank for a refrigerant cycle, and can ensure smooth control over the load of the reliquefaction system by charging/discharging refrigerant into/from the reliquefaction system using a pressure differential between existing devices.

[0055] Although some embodiments have been described herein, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and may be practiced in various modifications or variations without departing from the technical spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.