Facade construction

Abstract

The invention relates to a facade construction comprising first thermal barrier elements which are arranged on a supporting framework, in particular of an outer wall of a building, second thermal barrier elements which are arranged on the first thermal barrier elements and a retaining device which is arranged on the supporting framework and holds the first and second thermal barrier elements on the supporting framework. The facade device further comprises an intermediate layer in the form of a multiplicity of mounting plates, which intermediate layer is attached to and supported by the retaining device, wherein the second thermal barrier elements are arranged on the intermediate layer.

Claims

1. A facade construction, comprising: first thermal insulation elements having a first density arranged on a outer wall of a building of an outer wall of a building; second thermal insulation elements having a second density arranged on the first thermal insulation elements and having a second density that is greater than the first density of the first thermal insulation elements; a retaining device arranged on the outer wall of a building and holding the first and second thermal insulation elements on the outer wall of a building; a protective layer that protects the second thermal insulation elements against environmental influences; and an intermediate layer in the form of a plurality of mounting plates, the intermediate layer attached to and supported by the retaining device, wherein the second thermal insulation elements are arranged on the mounting plates and the first thermal insulation elements contact the outer wall of a building and on the intermediate layer such that the facade construction is substantially free from rear ventilation, wherein the plurality of mounting plates are attached side by side on the retaining device and form a continuous and planar mounting surface for the second thermal insulation elements and wherein the mounting plates are sandwiched between the first thermal insulation and the second thermal insulation.

2. The facade construction of claim 1, wherein the retaining device comprises a plurality of spacers each having a first end and a second end and a retaining rail, wherein the first end is designed for fixing to the outer wall of a building and the second end is designed for attaching the retaining rail.

3. The facade construction of claim 2, wherein the second end of each of the plurality of spacers has a slot into which the retaining rail is insertable.

4. The facade construction of claim 3, wherein the retaining rail is held in the slot by a positive or non-positive fit.

5. The facade construction of claim 3, wherein the retaining rail has a leg for introduction into the slot and a web that connects to the leg for attaching the mounting plate.

6. The facade construction of claim 2, wherein the first end and second end of each of the plurality of spacers are connected by a central web with reduced thermal conductivity in order to avoid thermal bridges.

7. The facade construction of claim 6, wherein a cross-section of the central web is substantially vertically oriented and the retaining rail is substantially horizontally oriented and held by the corresponding spacer.

8. The facade construction of claim 1, wherein the first thermal insulation elements have a density between 90 kg/m3 and 20 kg/m3.

9. The facade construction of claim 8, wherein the first thermal insulation elements have a density between 70 kg/m3 and 30 kg/m3.

10. The facade construction of claim 9, wherein the first thermal insulation elements have a density between 60 kg/m3 and 35 kg/m3.

11. The facade construction of claim 1, wherein the second thermal insulation elements have a density between 150 kg/m3 and 50 kg/m3.

12. The facade construction of claim 11, wherein the second thermal insulation elements have a density between 130 kg/m3 and 60 kg/m3.

13. The facade construction of claim 11, wherein the second thermal insulation elements have a density between 100 kg/m3 and 70 kg/m3.

14. The facade construction of claim 1, wherein the protective layer can be directly applied to the free surface of the second thermal insulation elements and wherein the protective layer comprises a reinforcing coat.

15. The facade construction of claim 2, wherein the mounting plates are fixedly attached to the retaining rails.

16. The facade construction of claim 1, wherein the second thermal insulation elements are fixedly attached to the mounting plates.

17. A method for assembling a facade construction, comprising: attaching a plurality of spacers to a outer wall of a building, each of the spacers having a first end and a second end with the first ends of the spacers in horizontal rows, wherein a vertical spacing of the horizontal rows substantially match a length of first thermal insulation panels; inserting a plurality of retaining rails into a corresponding plurality of slots provided at the second ends of the spacers of the horizontal rows of spacers; clamping the retaining rails with tightening screws that project into the slots to the extent that the spacing of the retaining rails from the outer wall of a building substantially matches the thickness of first thermal insulation panels; hanging first thermal insulation panels between retaining rails located one above the other; attaching a plurality of mounting plates to an outer side of the retaining rails with fastening elements; and fixedly attaching a plurality of second thermal plates to the plurality of plates along a continuous and planar mounting surface formed by the mounting plate.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further advantages and features emerge from the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to the schematic diagrams. In drawings that are not to scale:

(2) FIG. 1 shows an axonometric diagram of a facade construction according to the invention,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a side view of the facade construction of FIG. 1 and

(4) FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the facade construction of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(5) The facade construction shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is designated as a whole by reference numeral 11. The facade construction 11 according to the invention has particularly good thermal insulation since it comprises first and second thermal insulation elements 13, 15 which are arranged one behind the other. The first thermal insulation elements 13 are held by a retaining device 17 directly on an outer wall 19 of a building. The retaining device 17 comprises a plurality of spacers 21 and retaining rails 23. The number of spacers 21 per m.sup.2 of outer wall 19 is guided by the total weight of the facade construction 11 and is between 0.4 and 3 units and preferably between 0.6 and 2 units per m.sup.2.

(6) The spacer 21 has a first end 25 that faces the outer wall 19, and a second end 27 that faces away from the outer wall 19. The first end 25 has a base element 29. The base element 29 is expediently elongate and comprises two through-openings (covered by screws 31 in the figures). The base element 29 or the entire spacer 21 is attached to the outer wall 19 with the screws 31 by a screw-wall plug connection. The spacer 21 is substantially vertically oriented in order to have an optimally high bending moment in the vertical direction. The through-openings are preferably formed as slots so the spacer 21 can be oriented on the outer wall 19 along the vertical. A first U-profile 33 is formed or shaped on the base element 29. A central web 35 is received in the U-profile 33 and connected, for example riveted, to the U-profile 33. The central web 35 is also connected, for example riveted, to the second end 27. The second end 27 is also formed as a second U-profile 36 into which the central web 35 is inserted.

(7) The second end 27 tapers to an end web 37 at which an internal thread 39 for receiving a clamping screw 41 is formed. Also provided at the end web 37 is a slot 43 into which the clamping screw 41 projects when it is tightened.

(8) The retaining rail 23 comprises a leg 45 and a mounting web 47 that adjoins the leg 45 preferably at a right angle. The leg 45 can be introduced into the slot 43 to different depths and then be fixed in the slot 43 with the clamping screw 41. The spacing between outer wall 19 and mounting web 47 can be continuously adjusted as a result. First thermal insulation elements 13 with different thicknesses can therefore be held between the outer wall 19 and the mounting plate 49. Once all retaining devices 17 are mounted on the outer wall 19 and the spacing between the outer wall 19 and the mounting web 47 has been adjusted to the thickness of the first thermal insulation elements 13 to be mounted, the first thermal insulation elements 13 can be mounted quickly. The first thermal insulation elements 13 should be folded between upper and lower, adjacent horizontal mounting webs 47. This can be done without tools and without additional retaining means.

(9) The mounting webs 47 fulfil a second function. On the one hand, the first thermal insulation panels 13 are held on their inner sides and, on the other hand, their outer sides are used as mounting surfaces for a plurality of mounting plates 49. The mounting plates 49 can be designed as chipboard panels, i.e. produced from wood, but also from plastics material. The mounting plates 49 are nailed or screwed onto the mounting webs 47. If the mounting plates 49 are placed flush, i.e. end to end, on the retaining rails, a planar mounting surface results for placement of the second thermal insulation elements 15 (thermal insulation panels).

(10) The second thermal insulation elements 15 are more compact and have a higher density than the first thermal insulation elements 13. Since the second thermal insulation elements 15 are relatively firm, they can be nailed (shot) or screwed onto the mounting surface comprising mounting plates 49. The second thermal insulation elements 15 can be mounted on the plane mounting surface very quickly since the thermal insulation elements 15 do not have to be hung on the substructure, and nor do other conditions of the substructure have to be heeded.

(11) A protective layer 51 can be directly applied to the plane surface of the assembled second thermal insulation elements 15. In a known manner a base render 53 is firstly applied for this purpose, in which a mesh (reinforcement fabric) is inserted for rigidity reasons. A final render 55 is then applied to the base render. The protective layer protects the facade construction 11 and, in particular, the second thermal insulation elements 15 from external weather effects and gives the facade construction the desired external appearance.

(12) The method for assembling the facade construction 11 on an outer wall of a building 19 comprises the following steps in chronological order. The spacers 21 are attached, in particular screwed on, to the outer wall of a building 19 with their first ends 25 (base elements 29). The spacers 21 can be adjusted in the vertical direction by the slots provided on the base elements 29. The spacers 21 should be arranged in horizontal rows. The vertical spacings of the horizontal rows substantially match the length of the first thermal insulation panels 13. The cross-section of the central webs 35 should be vertically oriented so the central webs 35 have good bending stiffness in the vertical direction, i.e. in the direction of gravity.

(13) The slots 43 of the horizontal rows of spacers should be oriented in a horizontal line. The leg 45 of a retaining rail 23 is pushed into the slot 43 and, more precisely, to the extent that the spacing of the mounting webs 47 from the outer wall of a building 19 substantially matches the thickness of the first thermal insulation panels 13. The retaining rail 23 is then fixed in the slots 43 by tightening the screws 31.

(14) The first thermal insulation panels 13 can be hung between retaining rails 23 located one above the other. The first thermal insulation panels 13 are held on the outer wall of a building 19 by the backs of the mounting webs 47 and do not require any further fastening measures. The first thermal insulation panels 13 can accordingly be quickly attached to the outer wall of a building 19.

(15) A plurality of mounting plates 49 is attached to the outer side of the mounting webs 47, preferably nailed on using a nail gun. The mounting plates 49 can also be attached quickly. The mounting plates 49 attached side by side form a closed mounting surface.

(16) It is owing to the closed mounting surface, formed by the mounting plates 49, that the second thermal insulation panels 15 can be quickly nailed to the mounting plates 49, in particular using a nail gun. It is not necessary to ensure that the nails strike a particular region of the mounting plates 49 since the mounting plates 49 have the same rigidity properties at all points.

(17) The density or rigidity of the second thermal insulation panels 15 is sufficient for the nails that are used (staples or screws are also conceivable) not to be pulled out. If staples are used they can be driven through the second thermal insulation panels 15 into the mounting plates 49 by an electric tacker or a pneumatic tacker.

(18) For example, base render 53 with mesh reinforcement and a final render 55 are applied to the second thermal insulation panels 15.