Ballasted sequencing batch reactor system and method for treating wastewater

Abstract

A ballasted sequencing batch reactor system for treating wastewater including one or more sequencing batch reactors. A weighting agent impregnation subsystem is configured to mix biological flocs and weighting agent to form weighted biological flocs. A weighting agent recovery subsystem is configured to recover weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs and reintroduce the recovered weighting agent to the weighting agent impregnation subsystem.

Claims

1. A system for treating wastewater comprising: a sequencing batch reactor fluidly connected to a source of wastewater, the sequencing batch reactor comprising a treated effluent outlet, a waste activated sludge outlet, and a mixed liquor outlet, the mixed liquor outlet configured to provide biological flocs from mixed liquor present in the sequencing batch reactor; a sludge storage tank configured to receive settled sludge consisting of settled weighted biological flocs from the waste activated sludge outlet of the sequencing batch reactor; a weighting agent impregnation subsystem comprising: a weighted biological flocs outlet fluidly connected to the sequencing batch reactor; a mixed liquor inlet in fluid communication with the mixed liquor outlet of the sequencing batch reactor; and a settled sludge inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the sludge storage tank and with the waste activated sludge outlet of the sequencing batch reactor via a flow line that bypasses the sludge storage tank; the weighting agent impregnation subsystem configured to mix biological flocs and a weighting agent to form weighted biological flocs, the biological flocs provided from the mixed liquor inlet and the settled sludge inlet; and a weighting agent recovery subsystem fluidly connected to the outlet of the sludge storage tank and an inlet of the weighting agent impregnation subsystem and configured to recover weighting agent from weighted biological flocs of a waste activated sludge provided by the waste activated sludge of the sequencing batch reactor and to reintroduce the recovered weighting agent to the inlet of the weighting agent impregnation subsystem.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent impregnation subsystem is configured to provide a reduced settling time of the weighted biological flocs, as compared to a system that does not comprise a weighting agent impregnation subsystem.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent impregnation subsystem is configured to provide an enhanced quality of a treated effluent, as compared to a system that does not comprise a weighting agent impregnation subsystem.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent impregnation subsystem is configured to provide an increased capacity of the sequencing batch reactor, as compared to a system that does not comprise a weighting agent impregnation subsystem.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent impregnation subsystem is configured to provide a higher mixed liquor suspended solids concentration, as compared to a system that does not comprise a weighting agent impregnation subsystem.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent comprises magnetite and the weighting agent recovery subsystem comprises a separator subsystem positioned downstream from the sludge storage tank and configured to separate weighting agent from the settled weighted biological flocs of the settled sludge from the sludge storage tank, the separator subsystem including a wet drum magnetic separator.

7. The system of claim 6, further comprising a wasting subsystem in fluid communication with the separator subsystem.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent has a particle size of less than about 40 m.

9. A method for treating wastewater to provide a treated effluent, the method comprising: introducing influent wastewater to a sequencing batch reactor; promoting formation of biological flocs from the influent wastewater in the sequencing batch reactor to form a mixed liquor comprising biological flocs and a settled sludge comprising biological flocs; settling the biological flocs in the sequencing batch reactor to form settled sludge and clear effluent; removing the clear effluent from the sequencing batch reactor to provide treated effluent; removing the settled sludge from the sequencing batch reactor to form waste activated sludge; introducing the waste activated sludge to an inlet of a sludge storage tank to regulate a flow of the waste activated sludge to a weighting agent recovery subsystem; introducing a first portion of the waste activated sludge from an outlet of the sludge storage tank to an impregnation tank of a weighting agent impregnation subsystem; mixing a portion of the biological flocs from the mixed liquor and the first portion of the waste activated sludge with a weighting agent to form weighted biological flocs in the impregnation tank of the weighting agent impregnation subsystem, wherein the settled sludge and the waste activated sludge each comprises weighted biological flocs; introducing a second portion of the waste activated sludge from the outlet of the sludge storage tank to the weighting agent recovery subsystem; and diverting a portion of the waste activated sludge to the impregnation tank prior to introducing the waste activated sludge to the inlet of the sludge storage tank.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the weighting agent is magnetite.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising reducing a settling time of the biological flocs formed in the mixed liquor through mixing a portion of the biological flocs from the mixed liquor and the settled sludge with the magnetite.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising increasing a duration of a react phase of the sequencing batch reactor.

13. The method of claim 10, further comprising enhancing a quality of the treated effluent through mixing a portion of the biological flocs formed in the mixed liquor and the settled sludge with the magnetite.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising increasing a capacity of the sequencing batch reactor through mixing a portion of the biological flocs formed in the mixed liquor and the settled sludge with the magnetite.

15. The method of claim 10, further comprising increasing a mixed liquor suspended solids concentration through mixing a portion of the biological flocs formed in the mixed liquor and the settled sludge with the magnetite.

16. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises introducing a recovered weighting agent from the weighting agent recovery subsystem to the impregnation tank of the weighting agent impregnation subsystem.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnetite has a particle size less than about 40 m.

18. The method of claim 9, further comprising introducing dissolved oxygen to a population of microorganisms in the sequencing batch reactor.

19. The method of claim 9, further comprising wasting a portion of waste activated sludge output from the weighting agent recovery subsystem.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein increasing the capacity of the sequencing batch reactor comprises increasing a concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids in the sequencing batch reactor.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein increasing the capacity of the sequencing batch reactor is provided by reducing at least one of a duration of a settle phase or a duration of a react phase.

22. The method of claim 15, wherein increasing the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids in the sequencing batch reactor comprises reducing the amount of waste activated sludge wasted by a wasting subsystem.

23. The method of claim 15, wherein increasing the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids enhances at least one of nitrification and de-nitrification of ammonia in the mixed liquor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Other objects, features and advantages will occur to those skilled in the art from the following description of a preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of the SBR system for treating wastewater in accordance with this invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a microscopic view showing one example of weighting agent impregnated in biological flocs using the weighting agent impregnation system shown in FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing another embodiment of the SBR system for treating wastewater of this invention;

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic side-view of another embodiment of the impregnation subsystem shown in FIGS. 1 and 3;

(6) FIG. 5A is a schematic side-view of one embodiment of the separator shown in FIGS. 1 and 3;

(7) FIG. 5B is a schematic top view showing one example of slots in the rotor and stator of the shear mill shown in FIG. 5A;

(8) FIG. 5C is a three-dimensional view of one embodiment of the shear mill in FIG. 5A;

(9) FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional front-view of another embodiment of the separator shown in FIGS. 1 and 3; and

(10) FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional front-view of yet another embodiment of the separator shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(11) Aside from the preferred embodiment or embodiments disclosed below, this invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Thus, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. If only one embodiment is described herein, the claims hereof are not to be limited to that embodiment. Moreover, the claims hereof are not to be read restrictively unless there is clear and convincing evidence manifesting a certain exclusion, restriction, or disclaimer.

(12) There is shown in FIG. 1, one embodiment of SBR system 10 for treating wastewater of this invention. System 10 includes at least one SBR 12 which receives a flow of influent wastewater 14 by line 16. SBR 12 preferably introduces air bubbles 18 by line 20 exposed to ambient air 22. Air bubbles 18 introduce dissolved oxygen to a population of microorganisms in SBR 12 to promote growth of biological flocs 23 in mixed liquor 24. Mixed liquor 24 as used herein means a combination of influent wastewater 14 and biological flocs 23.

(13) System 10 also includes weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 which, in one embodiment, includes impregnation tank 28 and mixer 30 which receives mixed liquor 24 from SBR 12 by line 32. In one embodiment, impregnation tank 28 preferably receives virgin weighting agent 33, e.g., from feed hopper 34 by line 36, and/or recycled weighting agent 38 from weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 (discussed below). Weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 mixes mixed liquor 24 or settled sludge received by line 77 and virgin weighting agent 33 and/or the recycled weighting agent 38 in impregnation tank 28 to impregnate the weighting agent into biological flocs 23 suspended in mixed liquor 24 or settled sludge by line 77 via sludge storage tank 88 and line 76 and/or via lines 76 and 81 to form weighted biological flocs. Mixer 30 utilizes a mixing energy which is sufficient to impregnate the weighting agent into biological flocs suspended in a mixed liquor to form weighted biological flocs. FIG. 2 shows one example of weighting agent 33, 38 impregnated into biological flocs 23 to form weighted biological flocs 25. The weighted biological flocs impregnated with the weighting agent are then sent back to SBR 12, FIG. 1, by line 37.

(14) The weighting agent may be magnetite, or any similar type weighting agent or magnetically separable inorganic material known to those skilled in the art which increases the density of the biological flocs. In one example, the majority of the weighting agent particles may have a size less than about 100 m. In other examples, the majority of the weighting agent particles may have a size less than about 40 m, or, the majority of the weighting agent may have a particle size less than about 20 m.

(15) System 10 also includes weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 which receives settled sludge from bottom 39 of SBR 12 by line 76 typically after the settle and decant phases are complete. Weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 preferably includes separator 78 which recovers the weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs in the settled sludge in line 76 and reintroduces (recycles) the weighting agent to weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 by line 79. Weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 may include recovery subsystem 83, discussed below.

(16) In one embodiment, system 10 includes sludge storage tank 88 which stores settled sludge output from SBR 12 by line 76 typically after the decant phase is complete.

(17) In one exemplary operation of SBR system 10, SBR 12 is filled with influent wastewater 14 via line 16 and seeded with a large population of microorganisms that ingest contaminants in influent wastewater 14 to form biological flocs 23. During a fill phase, dissolved oxygen via air bubbles 18 may be introduced to mixed liquor 24 to promote growth of biological flocs 23. Once filled, system 10 undergoes a react phase. During the fill and/or react phases, weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 receives the mixed liquor by line 32, or settled sludge by line 77 via sludge storage tank 88 and line 76 and/or via lines 76 and 81, and impregnates the biological flocs therein with virgin weighting agent 33 and/or recycled weighting agent 38 using mixer 30. The mixed liquor or settled sludge having weighted biological flocs is then sent back to SBR 12 by line 37. The react phase is followed by the settling phase where the weighted biological flocs settle to bottom 39 of SBR 12 to form settled sludge. The times for the fill, react, settle, and decant phases vary as known by those skilled in the art. Then, the clear effluent is decanted by line 52 to provide treated effluent 50. During or after the decant phase, some of the settled sludge at bottom 39 of SBR 12 may be sent to sludge storage tank 88 via line 76. Sludge storage tank 88 stores sludge from SBR 12 and regulates the flow thereof to weighting agent recovery subsystem 74. Weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 then recovers the weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs as discussed above and recycles the weighting agent to weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 as recovered weighting agent 38.

(18) Because the weighted biological flocs in SBR 12 have a greater specific gravity than non-impregnated biological flocs, they settle faster than non-impregnated biological flocs utilized in a typical conventional SBR system. Thus, the time needed for the settling phase of system 10 is reduced. This alleviates settling problems associated with a conventional SBR system, such as overgrowth of filamentous organisms, viscous bulking caused by the overgrowth of either zoogleal organisms or exocellular polysaccharide material, pin floc, straggler floc, and the like. The result is the capacity of system 10 to treat wastewater may be increased while providing high quality treated effluent 50. Because the time needed in the settling phase is reduced, system 10 may also allow more time for the react phase, which further increases the quality of treated effluent 50. The weighted biological flocs also enhance the quality of the treated effluent by reducing the concentration of suspended solids and related contaminants therein. The weighted biological flocs also facilitate higher mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations. Operating at higher MLSS concentrations provides additional advantages, including additional increased treatment capacity, enhanced nitrogen removal, enhanced phosphorus removal, and the like. Moreover, because weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 recovers and recycles the weighting agent, the operational costs of system 10 are significantly reduced.

(19) System 10, FIG. 3, where like parts have been given like numbers, includes at least two SBRs 12 and 12. In this example, SBR 12 is filled with influent wastewater 14 by line 16 by opening valve 62 and closing valve 64. Once SBR 12 is filled, valve 62 is closed and valve 64 is open. SBR 12 is then similarly filled with influent wastewater 14. Thus, system 10 allows a continuous flow of influent wastewater 14 to either SBR 12 or SBR 12 for continuous operation. System 10 is not limited to two SBRs, as any number of SBRs may be utilized to accommodate the flow rate of influent wastewater 14. In one example, after SBR 12 is filled and SBR 12 is in the fill phase, SBR 12 undergoes the react, settle, and decant phases. Similarly, when SBR 12 is in the fill phase, SBR 12 typically undergoes the react, settle, and decant phases.

(20) System 10 may include sludge storage tank 88 which receives some of the settled sludge from SBR 12 via line 90 and some of the settled sludge from SBR 12 via line 92 during or after the decant phase in each respective SBR 12, 12.

(21) System 10 also includes weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 which, in this embodiment, is located downstream from sludge storage tank 88. In this example, impregnation tank 28 and mixer 30 receives settled sludge from sludge storage tank 88 by line 100. Impregnation tank 28 also preferably receives virgin weighting agent 33, e.g., from feed hopper 34 by line 36, and/or recycled weighting agent 38 from weighting agent recovery subsystem 74. Mixer 30 mixes the settled sludge and virgin weighting agent 33 and/or the recycled weighting agent 38 in impregnation tank 28 to impregnate the weighting agent into the biological flocs suspended in the settled sludge to form weighted biological flocs, similarly as discussed with reference to FIG. 1.

(22) System 10, FIG. 3, also includes weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 which receives the sludge from sludge storage tank 88. Weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 preferably includes separator 78, which in this embodiment, is located downstream from sludge storage tank 88 and upstream from weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26. Separator 78 recovers the weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs in the settled sludge in line 95 from sludge storage tank 88 and reintroduces (recycles) the recovered weighting agent 38 to weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 via line 79. Weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 may include recovery subsystem 83, FIG. 3, e.g., a wet drum magnetic separator or similar type device, which is typically located downstream from separator 78.

(23) In one exemplary operation of system 10, valve 62 is opened and valve 64 is closed to fill SBR 12 (SBR #1) with influent wastewater 14. Then valve 62 is closed and valve 64 is opened to fill SBR 12 (SBR #2). While SBR 12 is being filled, SBR 12 undergoes the react, settle, and decant phases as discussed above. During or after the decant phase in SBR 12, excess (waste) settled sludge at the bottom of SBR 12 is pumped to sludge storage tank 88 via line 90. Some of the settled sludge in sludge storage tank 88 may be directed via line 100 to weighting agent impregnation tank 28 of weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 and some of the sludge in sludge storage tank 88 may be directed to separator 78 via line 95. Weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 impregnates virgin weighting agent 33 and/or recovered weighting agent 38 into the biological flocs in the settled sludge in impregnation tank 28 using mixer 30.

(24) Weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 then sends the settled sludge having weighted biological flocs therein to line 16 via line 76. At this point, SBR 12 (SBR #2) has been filled so valve 62 is opened and valve 64 is closed so that the mixture of influent wastewater 14 and the settled sludge having weighted biological flocs therein is directed to fill SBR 12 (SBR #1). At this point, SBR 12 is undergoing the react, settle, and decant phases. Similar, as discussed above, during or after decant phase, some of the settled sludge at the bottom of SBR 12 is pumped to sludge storage tank 88 via line 92. This settled sludge is processed by weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 as discussed above to form weighted biological flocs in the settled sludge in impregnation mixing tank 28. Weighting agent recovery subsystem 74 then directs the settled sludge with the weighted biological flocs therein to line 16, as discussed above. Valve 62 is closed and valve 64 is open to fill SBR 12 with the mixture of influent wastewater and settled sludge having weighted biological flocs. The process of switching between SBR 12 and SBR 12 continues when ever system 10 is operational.

(25) Similar as discussed above, the weighted biological flocs introduced to mixed liquor 24 in SBRs 12, 12 settle faster to reduce the time needed for their respective settling phases. This increases the capacity system 10 to treat wastewater and alleviates the problems associated with conventional SBR systems discussed above and provides a cleaner treated effluent 50, 50.

(26) Similar as discussed above, flocculant 62, FIG. 3, may be added to mixed liquor 24 in SBR 12, 12 to enhance settling and thickening of the weighted biological flocs suspended in mixed liquor 24 in SBR 12 and establishes agglomeration of non-impregnated biological flocs and/or partially impregnated biological flocs with the weighted biological flocs in SBR 12, 12. The weighted biological flocs also provide a cleaner treated effluent, with fewer suspended solids and related contaminants.

(27) Coagulant 64 may also be added to SBR 12, 12 for removing phosphorus from mixed liquor 24 by precipitation and/or coagulation, as known by those skilled in the art. Mixer 40 and/or air bubbles 18 may be used to maintain biological flocs 23 in suspension in mixed liquor 24 and to mix the flocculant and/or the coagulant with mixed liquor 24 in SBR 12, 12.

(28) In another embodiment, weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 may receive mixed liquor 24 directly from SBR 12 or directly from SBR 12. Similar as discussed above with reference to FIG. 1, weighting agent impregnation tank 28 mixes mixed liquor 24 and virgin weighting agent 33 and/or recovered weighting agent 38 from separator 78 and/or recovery subsystem 83 to impregnate the weighting agent into biological flocs suspended in the mixed liquor to form weighted biological flocs. The weighted biological flocs are then sent back to SBR 12 or to SBR 12.

(29) Thus, system 10 can impregnate the biological flocs either by impregnating the biological flocs in the mixed liquor in SBRs 12, 12, or by impregnating the biological flocs in the settled sludge output by SBRs 12, 12, or using a combination of both methods.

(30) System 10, FIG. 1, and/or system 10, FIG. 3, may also utilize weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26, FIG. 4, where like parts have been given like numbers. Weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 includes venturi mixer/eductor 27 having nozzle 31 and funnel 45 which receives virgin weighting agent 33, e.g., from tank 34 by line 36, and/or recycled weighting agent 38 from separator 78 or recovery subsystem 83, FIGS. 1 and 3. Venturi mixer/eductor 27 preferably receives mixed liquor by line 32, FIG. 1, or settled sludge by line 77, or settled sludge by line 100, FIG. 3.

(31) In operation, the velocity of mixed liquor in line 32, FIG. 1, or the settled sludge in line 77, or line 100, FIG. 3, is increased through nozzle 31, FIG. 4. Virgin weighting agent 33 and/or recycled weighting agent 38 in funnel 45 enters nozzle 31 by line 39 and travels downstream to line 37. The widening of line 37 at 41 induces intimate mixing and entrainment, as shown at 43. This impregnates the virgin and/or recycled weighting agent into the biological flocs to form weighted biological flocs. The weighted biological flocs are then returned to SBR 12, FIG. 1, by line 37, or SBR 12, 12, FIG. 3, by lines 76 and 16.

(32) In one design, separator subsystem 78, FIGS. 1 and 3 may be configured as shear mill 112, FIG. 5A, which shears the sludge in line 76, FIG. 1, or line 95, FIG. 3, to separate the weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs. Shear mill 112 ideally includes rotor 80 and stator 82. In operation, the settled sludge in line 76, FIG. 1 or 95, FIG. 3, enters shear mill 112 and flows in the direction of arrows 180 and enters rotor 80 and then stator 82. Shear mill 112 is designed such that there is a close tolerance between rotor 80, FIG. 5B and stator 82, as shown at 93. Rotor 80 is preferably driven at high rotational speeds, e.g., greater than about 1,000 r.p.m., to form a mixture of weighting agent and obliterated flocs in area 181, FIG. 5A, of shear mill 112. The mixture of weighting agent and obliterated flocs exits shear mill 112 by line 79, as shown by arrows 184. FIG. 5C shows in further detail the structure of one embodiment of shear mill 112. Preferably, rotor 80, FIGS. 5A-5C, and/or stator 82 includes slots which function as a centrifugal pump to draw the settled sludge from above and below rotor 80 and stator 82, as shown by paths 182, FIG. 5A, and then hurl the materials off the slot tips at a very high speed to break the weighted biological flocs into the mixture of weighting agent and obliterated flocs. For example, rotor 80, FIG. 5B, may include slots 186, and stator 82 may include slots 188. Slots 186 in rotor 80 and/or slots 188 in stator 82 are preferably optimized to increase shear energy to efficiently separate the weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs. The shear developed by rotor 80 and stator 82 depends on the width of slots 186 and 188, the tolerance between rotor 80 and stator 82, and the rotor tip speed. The result is shear mill 112 provides a shearing effect which effectively and efficiently separates the weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs to facilitate recovery of the weighting agent.

(33) In another design, separator subsystem 78, FIGS. 1 and 3, may be configured as ultrasonic separator 116, FIG. 6, where like parts have been given like numbers. Ultrasonic separator 116 typically includes one or more ultrasonic transducers, e.g., ultrasonic transducer 262, 264, 266, 268, and/or 270, available from Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany, which generates fluctuations of pressure and cavitation in the settled sludge in line 76, FIG. 1 or line 95, FIG. 3. This results in microturbulences that produce a shearing effect to create a mixture of weighting agent and obliterated flocs to effectively separate the weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs in the settled sludge. The resulting mixture of weighting agent and obliterated flocs exits ultrasonic separator 116 by line 79.

(34) In yet another design, separator subsystem 78, FIG. 7, where like parts have been given like numbers, may be configured as centrifugal separator 118. Centrifugal separator 118 typically includes cylindrical section 302 located at the top of hydrocyclone 300 and conical base 304 located below section 302. The settled sludge in line 76, FIG. 1 or line 100, FIG. 3, is fed tangentially into cylindrical section 302 via port 303. Smaller exit port 306 (underflow or reject port) is located at the bottom of conical section 304 and larger exit port 308 (overflow or accept port) is located at the top of cylindrical section 302.

(35) In operation, the centrifugal force created by the tangential feed of the sludge by port 303 causes the denser weighting agent to be separated from the biological flocs in the settled sludge. The separated weighting agent is expelled against wall 308 of conical section 304 and exits at port 306. This effectively separates the weighting agent from the weighted biological flocs. The recovered weighting agent 38 exits via port 306 and may be deposited to weighting agent impregnation system 26, 26, or 26, FIGS. 1, 3, and 4. The less dense biological flocs remain in the sludge and exit via port 308 through tube 310 extending slightly into the body of the center of centrifugal separator 118.

(36) Although as discussed above, separator subsystem 78 may be configured as a shear mill, an ultrasonic separator, or a centrifugal separator, this is not a necessary limitation of this invention. In other designs, separator subsystem 78 may be configured as a tubular bowl, a chamber bowl, an imperforate basket, a disk stack separator, and the like, as known by those skilled in the art.

(37) In the example above where a separator 78, FIGS. 5A-5C, is configured as shear mill 112 to create the mixture of weighting agent and obliterated biological flocs, a wet drum magnetic separator or centrifugal separator 118, FIG. 7, may be used to recover the weighting agent therefrom e.g., recycled weighting agent 38, FIGS. 1 and 3, delivered to weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 by line 79 and/or recycled weighting agent 38, FIG. 7, delivered to weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 via port 306.

(38) In the example where separator subsystem 78, FIG. 6, is configured as an ultrasonic separator 116 to create the mixture of weighting agent and obliterated biological flocs, a wet drum magnetic separator or centrifugal separator 118, FIG. 7, may be used to recover the weighting agent therefrom, e.g., recycled weighting agent 38, FIGS. 1 and 3, delivered to weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 by line 79 and/or recycled weighting agent 38, FIG. 7, delivered to weighting agent impregnation subsystem 26 via port 306.

(39) The result of recovering and recycling the weighting agent as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 5A-7 significantly reduces the operating costs of wastewater treatment system 10.

(40) System 10, 10, FIGS. 1 and 3, may also include wasting subsystem 85 coupled to separator 78 and/or recovery subsystem 85 which wastes the remaining settled sludge output by separator subsystem 78 and/or recovery subsystem 83 to control the population of the microorganisms in mixed liquor 24 in SBR 12, FIG. 1, or SBR 12, 12, FIG. 3. The capacity of system 10, 10, FIGS. 1 and 3 to process wastewater 14 may be increased by increasing the concentration of the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in SBR 12, FIG. 1, or SBR 12, 12, FIG. 3, by reducing the amount of settled sludge wasted by wasting subsystem 85. Increasing the concentration of the MLSS may reduce the duration of the react phase. The amount of settled sludge wasted by wasting subsystem 85 may also be reduced to increase the concentration of MLSS to enhance nitrification and/or de-nitrification of ammonia in mixed liquor 24. The nitrification process may also be further enhanced by increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen introduced to SBR 12, 12, 12via bubbles 18.

(41) Aside from the preferred embodiment or embodiments disclosed below, this invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways. Thus, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangements of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. If only one embodiment is described herein, the claims hereof are not to be limited to that embodiment. Moreover, the claims hereof are not to be read restrictively unless there is clear and convincing evidence manifesting a certain exclusion, restriction, or disclaimer.

(42) Although specific features of the invention are shown in some drawings and not in others, this is for convenience only as each feature may be combined with any or all of the other features in accordance with the invention. The words including, comprising, having, and with as used herein are to be interpreted broadly and comprehensively and are not limited to any physical interconnection. Moreover, any embodiments disclosed in the subject application are not to be taken as the only possible embodiments. Other embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and are within the following claims.

(43) In addition, any amendment presented during the prosecution of the patent application for this patent is not a disclaimer of any claim element presented in the application as filed: those skilled in the art cannot reasonably be expected to draft a claim that would literally encompass all possible equivalents, many equivalents will be unforeseeable at the time of the amendment and are beyond a fair interpretation of what is to be surrendered (if anything), the rationale underlying the amendment may bear no more than a tangential relation to many equivalents, and/or there are many other reasons the applicant cannot be expected to describe certain insubstantial substitutes for any claim element amended.