PLANT PROTECTION AGENT
20230097642 · 2023-03-30
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
A01N65/28
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A01N65/00
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A01N65/00
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A01N65/34
HUMAN NECESSITIES
International classification
Abstract
A plant protecting agent for combatting plant pathogens, including an active substance soluble in water, to provide a plant protecting agent which is particularly gentle on humans and the environment and at the same time has good efficacy against plant pathogens. The plant protecting agent includes as active substances a first fraction (A) based on the cannabis plant (Cannabis Sativa L.) and a second fraction (B) based on the tea tree plant (Melaleuca alternifolia), and a third fraction (C) of distilled water, the first and second fractions (A; B) being present in the third fraction (C) as an extract.
Claims
1-11. (canceled)
12. A plant protecting agent for combatting plant pathogens comprising an active substance soluble in water, comprising: as active substances, a first fraction (A) based on the cannabis plant (Cannabis Sativa L.) and a second fraction (B) based on the tea tree plant (Melaleuca alternifolia), and a third fraction (C), in particular distilled water, the first and second fractions (A; B) being present in the third fraction (C) as an extract.
13. The plant protecting agent according to claim 12, wherein fraction (A) is provided in a ratio to fraction (B) of between 40 and 60 to 1, more preferably in a ratio of between 45 and 55 to 1, most preferably in a ratio of between 45 and 54 to 1.
14. The plant protecting agent according to claim 12, wherein the plant protecting agent acts as a fungicide, in particular against the plant pathogenic fungi Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) and/or Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew).
15. The plant protecting agent according to claim 12, further comprising a wetting agent, the wetting agent comprising a plant oil derivative, in particular a hydrogenated or hardened plant oil derivative, in particular a rapeseed oil derivative or the like.
16. A plant protecting agent according to claim 12, further comprising, as active substances, a further fourth fraction (D) based on green and/or white lavender (Lavandula viridis), the first, second and fourth fractions (A; B, D) being present in the third fraction (C) as an extract.
17. The plant protecting agent according to claim 16, wherein the plant protecting agent alternatively or additionally comprises a further fifth fraction (E) based on true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), the first, second and fifth fractions (A; B, E) being present in the third fraction (C) as an extract.
18. A process for preparing a plant protecting agent, comprising the process steps: a) providing a first fraction (A) based on a cannabis plant and a second fraction (B) based on a tea tree plant; b) comminuting the first and second fractions (A) and (B) to a predetermined degree of grinding, for example with the aid of a mortar or the like, and transferring them into a container; c) adding a third fraction (C) of a liquid, in particular distilled water; d) allowing the mixture obtained in process step c) to stand for a predetermined extraction period, preferably, in particular in a cold extraction process, of more than 15 days, preferably between 18 and 60 days, most preferably between 3 and 6 weeks or 21 and 42 days; e) separating the solid, undissolved constituents of the first and second fractions (A) and (B) from the mixture obtained in process step d), for example with the aid of a sieve and/or a mechanical press; so that a cold extraction process for obtaining the plant protecting agent in the form of a cold extract based on the cannabis plant as well as on the tea tree plant is realised.
19. The process according to claim 18, wherein in process step d) the mixture is moved or circulated at least once or twice a day for 2 to 3 minutes.
20. The process according to claim 18, wherein the process step e) comprises two successive steps, in which first the dissolved, liquid constituents of the mixture obtained in process step d) are transferred through a fine sieve into a further container and then the remaining, substantially solid constituent of the mixture obtained in process step d) is separated from additional dissolved, liquid constituents by means of a press, in particular a mechanical or hydraulic press, and is transferred into the further container.
21. The process according to claim 18, wherein a fourth fraction (D) based on green and/or white lavender (Lavandula viridis) is additionally provided or comminuted in process steps a) and b).
22. The process according to claim 21, wherein in process steps a) and b) additionally a fifth fraction (E) based on true lavender (Lavandula angustfolia) is comprised, the first, second and fifth fractions (A; B; E) being present in the third fraction (C) as an extract.
23. The plant protecting agent according to claim 13, wherein the plant protecting agent acts as a fungicide, in particular against the plant pathogenic fungi Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) and/or Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew).
24. The plant protecting agent according to claim 13, further comprising a wetting agent, the wetting agent comprising a plant oil derivative, in particular a hydrogenated or hardened plant oil derivative, in particular a rapeseed oil derivative or the like.
25. The plant protecting agent according to claim 14, further comprising a wetting agent, the wetting agent comprising a plant oil derivative, in particular a hydrogenated or hardened plant oil derivative, in particular a rapeseed oil derivative or the like.
26. A plant protecting agent according to claim 13, further comprising, as active substances, a further fourth fraction (D) based on green and/or white lavender (Lavandula viridis), the first, second and fourth fractions (A; B, D) being present in the third fraction (C) as an extract.
27. A plant protecting agent according to claim 14, further comprising, as active substances, a further fourth fraction (D) based on green and/or white lavender (Lavandula viridis), the first, second and fourth fractions (A; B, D) being present in the third fraction (C) as an extract.
28. A plant protecting agent according to claim 15, further comprising, as active substances, a further fourth fraction (D) based on green and/or white lavender (Lavandula viridis), the first, second and fourth fractions (A; B, D) being present in the third fraction (C) as an extract.
29. The process according to claim 19, wherein the process step e) comprises two successive steps, in which first the dissolved, liquid constituents of the mixture obtained in process step d) are transferred through a fine sieve into a further container and then the remaining, substantially solid constituent of the mixture obtained in process step d) is separated from additional dissolved, liquid constituents by means of a press, in particular a mechanical or hydraulic press, and is transferred into the further container.
30. The process according to claim 19, wherein a fourth fraction (D) based on green and/or white lavender (Lavandula viridis) is additionally provided or comminuted in process steps a) and b).
31. The process according to claim 20, wherein a fourth fraction (D) based on green and/or white lavender (Lavandula viridis) is additionally provided or comminuted in process steps a) and b).
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] A preferred exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0031]
[0032]
[0033]
[0034]
[0035]
[0036]
[0037]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038]
so that a cold extract process for obtaining the plant protecting agent according to the invention in the form of a cold extract based on the cannabis plant as well as on the tea tree plant is realised.
[0044] In this case, the process steps a) to c) can be combined under one section 0, in which the essential fractions A, B and C are provided in a container and prepared for the actual cold extraction process. In section 1, the actual cold extraction process takes place with process step d), which is concluded in section 2 with the separation of the solid, undissolved constituents of fractions A and B.
[0045] Preferably, in process step d), the mixture is left to stand at a temperature between 16° C. to 35° C., more preferably about 30° C.
[0046] Particularly preferably, process step e) comprises two successive steps, in which first the dissolved, liquid constituents of the mixture obtained in process step d) are transferred through a fine sieve into a further container and then the remaining, substantially solid constituent of the mixture obtained in process step d) is separated from additional dissolved, liquid constituents by means of a mechanical or hydraulic press and transferred into the further container.
[0047] The present invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples:
Example 1
[0048] The plant protecting agent according to the invention was tested for use as a fungicide against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) on grape plants of the variety “Chasselas” based on the following, particularly preferred composition (see Table 1) and was evaluated in respect of efficacy.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Component Content Fraction A (tea tree plant) 25 g to 65 g Fraction B (cannabis plant) 30 g to 70 g Fraction C (distilled water) 1,000 ml
[0049] Furthermore, the experimental set-up for EXAMPLE 1 was chosen according to the following Table 2:
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Equipment Setting Number of plants per treatment 6 Treatments: 0.5 d pre-inoc 2 d pre-inoc 0.5 d pre-inoc with artificial irrigation Tested fungicides/concentration: blind control Kocide Opti Standard Water Kocide Opti diluted SVH-Evol Standard (plant protecting agent according to the invention) SVH-Evol diluted Automatic spraying unit: Spray time 14 seconds Spray nozzle pressure approx. 1.2 bar Spray quantity/treatment 80 to 100 ml Inoculation: Spore density (spore-density/ml) 50,000 sp/ml (outer, abaxial surface of all fully formed leaves) Incubation: Level I 20° C.; light conditions: 16 h daylight, 8 h night over 6 days Level II Stage III (after inoculation) 24 hrs. at a relative humidity of 100% and 21° C. (16 h daylight, 8 h night) Level IV 24 h after inoculation: 20° C. (16 h daylight, 8 h night), 6 days Level V (stimulation of spore 24 h at a relative humidity of 100% formation) and 21° C. (16 h daylight, 8 h night)
[0050] The term “0.5 d pre-inoc” is understood here to mean: The grape plants were treated with the tested plant protecting agent according to the invention and the dry leaves were inoculated subsequently (i.e. after about 5 to 8 hours post-treatment). After post-treatment, the grape plants were immediately incubated for 24 hours at a relative humidity of 100%.
[0051] The term “2 d pre-inoc” is understood here to mean: The grape plants were treated twice with the tested plant protecting agent according to the invention and the dry leaves were inoculated only two days later.
[0052] The antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of the plant protecting agents investigated in EXAMPLE 1 against the plant pathogen Plasmopara viticola was assessed as follows: on the one hand, the percentage of leaves with disease symptoms was determined (disease incidence) as shown in
[0053] Furthermore,
[0054] The following Tables 3 and 4 show the efficacy of the plant protecting agent according to the invention (referred to here as SVH-Evo1) in comparison with the commercially available Kocide Opti (containing copper), which is effective against the plant pathogen Plasmopara viticola.
[0055] The results on disease severity obtained in EXAMPLE 1 are summarised in Table 3 below:
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Average disease Treatment Conc. Inoculation Rain Number incidence Blind control N/A N/A 6 H2O Kocide Opti 0.1% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 96.1% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 88.6% diluted SVH-Evol 100% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 97.4 Standard SVH-Evol 25% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 81.0% diluted Kocide Opti 0.1% .sup. 2 d pre-inoc No 6 94.4% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% .sup. 2 d pre-inoc No 6 40.5% diluted SVH-Evol 100% .sup. 2 d pre-inoc No 6 93.5% Standard SVH-Evol 25% .sup. 2 d pre-inoc No 6 25.7% diluted Kocide Opti 0.1% 0.5 d pre-inoc Yes 6 68.7% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% 0.5 d pre-inoc Yes 6 64.6% diluted SVH-Evol 100% 0.5 d pre-inoc Yes 6 41.5% Standard SVH-Evol 25% 0.5 d pre-inoc Yes 6 25.5% diluted
[0056] The results on disease incidence obtained in EXAMPLE 1 are summarised in Table 4 below:
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Average disease Treatment Conc. Inoculation Rain Number incidence Blind control N/A N/A 6 H2O Kocide Opti 0.1% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 55.6% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 41.7% diluted SVH-Evol 100% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 88.9% Standard SVH-Evol 25% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 44.4% diluted Kocide Opti 0.1% .sup. 2 d pre-inoc No 6 50.0% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% .sup. 2 d pre-inoc No 6 5.6% diluted SVH-Evol 100% .sup. 2 d pre-inoc No 6 66.7% Standard SVH-Evol 25% .sup. 2 d pre-inoc No 6 16.7% diluted Kocide Opti 0.1% 0.5 d pre-inoc Yes 6 30.6% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% 0.5 d pre-inoc Yes 6 16.7% diluted SVH-Evol 100% 0.5 d pre-inoc Yes 6 27.8% Standard SVH-Evol 25% 0.5 d pre-inoc Yes 6 11.1% diluted
[0057] In summary, it can thus be said that the plant protecting agent according to the invention shows an efficacy of 97.4% against the plant pathogen Plasmopara viticola. Furthermore, it has been shown that, even when diluted to a quarter of this concentration recommended for use, an efficacy of 81% is still achieved against the plant pathogen Plasmopara viticola.
[0058] When the tested plant protecting agents were applied or sprayed two days before inoculation, only a slight loss of activity was observed, i.e. the tested plant protecting agent “SVH-Evo1” according to the invention showed a reduction in effectiveness comparable to the copper-containing reference product “Kocide Opti”.
[0059] In addition, it was shown that, at the concentration recommended for use, the plant protecting agent according to the invention achieves approximately the same efficacy against the plant pathogen Plasmopara viticola as the reference product “Kocide Opti”.
[0060] Thus, it could be shown on the basis of EXAMPLE 1 that the plant protecting agent according to the invention can be effectively used against downy mildew, i.e. against the plant pathogen Plasmopara viticola.
[0061] Furthermore, it has been shown advantageously that when the dry leaves of the plants are inoculated only two days later after having been sprayed with the plant protecting agent according to the invention, no loss of efficacy can be observed in comparison with the reference product “Kocide Opti”, which means that the plant protecting agent according to the invention can be described as stable.
Example 2
[0062] The plant protecting agent according to the invention was further tested for use as a fungicide against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in apples of the variety “cv. Jonagold” based on the following composition (see Table 5) and evaluated in respect of efficacy.
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Component Content Fraction A (tea tree plant) 25 g to 65 g Fraction B (cannabis plant) 30 g to 70 g Fraction C (distilled water) 1,000 ml
[0063] Furthermore, the experimental set-up for EXAMPLE 2 was chosen according to Table 6 below:
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Equipment Setting Number of plants per treatment 6 Treatments: 0.5 d pre-inoc 2 d pre-inoc 0.5 d pre-inoc with artificial irrigation Tested fungicides/concentration: blind control Kocide Opti Standard Water Kocide Opti diluted Armicarb Standard Armicarb diluted SVH-Evol Standard (plant protecting agent according to the invention) SVH-Evol diluted Automatic spraying unit: Spray time 14 seconds Spray nozzle pressure Approx. 1.2 bar Spray quantity/treatment 80 to 100 ml Inoculation: Spore density (spore-density/ml) 70,000 sp/ml (outer, abaxial surface of all fully formed leaves) Incubation: Level I Level II Level III (after inoculation) 24 h. at a relative humidity of 100% and 21° C. (16 h daylight, 8 h night) Level IV 24 h after inoculation: 20° C. (16 h daylight, 8 h night), 6 days Level V (stimulation of spore 24 h at a relative humidity of 100% formation) and 21° C. (16 h daylight, 8 h night)
[0064] The antimicrobial efficacy of the plant protecting agents investigated in EXAMPLE 2 against the plant pathogen Venturia inaequalis was assessed as follows: on the one hand, the percentage of leaves with disease symptoms was determined (disease incidence) as shown in
[0065] Furthermore,
[0066] The following Tables 3 and 4 show the efficacy of the plant protecting agent according to the invention (referred to here as SVH-Evo1) in comparison with the commercially available Kocide Opti (containing copper) and Armicarb (containing potassium), which are effective against the plant pathogen Venturia inaequalis.
[0067] The results obtained in EXAMPLE 2 for disease severity are summarised in Table 3 below:
TABLE-US-00007 Average disease Treatment Conc. Inoculation Rain Number incidence Blind control N/A N/A 6 H2O Kocide Opti 0.1% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 90.4% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 96.5% diluted SVH-Evol 100% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 81.4% Standard SVH-Evol 25% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 51.7% diluted Kocide Opti 0.1% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 100.0% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 18.0% diluted SVH-Evol 100% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 −70.0% Standard SVH-Evol 25% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 −86.5% diluted Armicarb 0.4% post-inoc Yes 6 100% Standard Armicarb 0.04% post-inoc Yes 6 72.2% diluted SVH-Evol 100% post-inoc Yes 6 97.4% Standard SVH-Evol 25% post-inoc Yes 6 73.8% diluted
[0068] The results on disease incidence obtained in EXAMPLE 2 are summarised in Table 4 below:
TABLE-US-00008 Average disease Treatment Conc. Inoculation Rain Number incidence Blind control N/A N/A 6 H2O Kocide Opti 0.1% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 66.5% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 58.7% diluted SVH-Evol 100% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 41.3% Standard SVH-Evol 25% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 33.0% diluted Kocide Opti 0.1% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 100.0% Standard Kocide Opti 0.01% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 5.0% diluted SVH-Evol 100% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 5.0% Standard SVH-Evol 25% 0.5 d pre-inoc No 6 −14.5% diluted Armicarb 0.4% post-inoc Yes 6 100.0 Standard Armicarb 0.04% post-inoc Yes 6 35.8% diluted SVH-Evol 100% post-inoc Yes 6 91.6% Standard SVH-Evol 25% post-inoc Yes 6 37.0% diluted
[0069] In summary, it can thus be said that the plant protecting agent according to the invention shows an efficacy of 81.4% against the plant pathogen Venturia inaequalis. Furthermore, it has been shown that, even when diluted to a quarter of this concentration recommended for use, an efficacy of 51.7% is still achieved against the plant pathogen Venturia inaequalis.
[0070] When the tested plant protecting agents were applied or sprayed two days before inoculation, only a slight loss of activity was observed, i.e. the tested plant protecting agent “SVH-Evo1” according to the invention showed a reduction in effectiveness comparable to the copper-containing reference product “Kocide Opti” or “Armicarb”.
[0071] Thus, based on EXAMPLE 2, it could be shown that the plant protecting agent according to the invention can be used effectively against apple scab, i.e. against the plant pathogen Venturia inaequalis, and that it has an efficacy comparable to the reference products “Kocide Opti” and “Armicarb”.
[0072] A further exemplary preferred composition of the plant protecting agent according to the invention is as follows:
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 7 Component Content Fraction A (tea tree plant) 25 g to 65 g Fraction B (cannabis plant) 30 g to 70 g Fraction D (green and/or white lavender) 25 g to 70 g Fraction C (distilled water) 1,000 ml
[0073] As an alternative to the use of the entire green and/or white lavender plant, it is conceivable that 0.21 g to 30 g of the extracted oil of the green and/or white lavender (Lavandula viridis) is used in respect of fraction D.
[0074] A further exemplary preferred composition of the plant protecting agent according to the invention is as follows:
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 8 Component Content Fraction A (tea tree plant) 25 g to 65 g Fraction B (cannabis plant) 30 g to 70 g Fraction E (true lavender) 25 g to 70 g Fraction C (distilled water) 1,000 ml
[0075] As an alternative to the use of the whole true lavender plant, it is conceivable that 0.21 g to 30 g of the extracted oil of true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is used in respect of fraction E.