Method for cutting or machining gear teeth and gear-cutting machine

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for the chip-removing generation or machining of gear teeth on a workpiece which is driven in rotary movement about its rotary axis at very high rates of rotation, with a toothed tool that is driven in rotary movement about its rotary axis, wherein the tool and the workpiece are brought into a rolling tooth engagement in the manner of a helical gear transmission with their axes of rotation crossing each other at an angle different from zero, and wherein a further operation is performed on the workpiece and/or on its gear teeth during the time of operating engagement between the teeth of the tool and of the workpiece.

Claims

1. Method for a chip-removing generation of internal gear teeth (20; 21) on a workpiece by power skiving, wherein the workpiece is driven in rotary movement about its rotary axis at a rate of rotation of 1200 RPM or higher, with a toothed tool (50; 51) that is driven in rotary movement about its rotary axis, wherein the tool and the workpiece are brought into a rolling tooth engagement in the manner of a helical gear transmission with their axes of rotation crossing each other at an angle different from zero, characterized in that a further internal machining operation is performed on the workpiece and/or on the internal gear teeth during the time of operating engagement between the teeth of the toothed tool and of the workpiece, wherein a tool (30; 31) for the further internal machining operation and/or a holder for said tool are arranged to extend next to the toothed tool at least through part of the space that is radially enclosed by the internal gear teeth (20).

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the further operation comprises a turning operation.

3. Method according to claim 1 wherein the further operation comprises a deburring operation.

4. Method according to claim 1 wherein a machining tool (30; 31) for the further operation is movable with a movement component (X2) orthogonal to the workpiece axis.

5. Method according to claim 1 wherein a machining tool (30; 31) for the further operation is movable with a movement component (Z4) parallel to the workpiece axis.

6. Method according to claim 1 wherein the angle at which the axes cross each other is 15 or smaller.

7. Method according to claim 1, said method being carried out on a gear-cutting machine having a controller, said controller executing a control program which controls said gear-cutting machine to carry out said method.

Description

(1) Further advantages, distinguishing features and details of the invention will become evident from the following description which refers to the attached drawings, wherein

(2) FIG. 1 represents a part of a gear-cutting machine that includes the available movement axes in a perspective view from above;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates how a tool for a further operation is coupled to the gear-cutting machine; and

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates another arrangement of a tool for a further operation.

(5) In a perspective view from above, FIG. 1 shows a portion of a gear-cutting machine in which the movement axes of the machine can be seen. The gear-cutting machine is designed for the machining of a workpiece in which gear teeth are generated on the workpiece through an operating engagement between the tool and the workpiece with the respective axes of the workpiece and the tool crossing each other at an angle. In the actual example illustrated here, the machine is being employed for the skiving of internal gear teeth and is referred to as a skiving machine.

(6) The skiving machine 100 has a workpiece spindle 2 that is rotatably supported in a fixed position on the machine bed of the skiving machine, with the rotary axis for the rotation of the workpiece being identified as C. Associated with the tool is a horizontal carriage 4 which is movable relative to the machine bed along a linear displacement axis Z that runs parallel to the axis of the workpiece spindle.

(7) The horizontal carriage 4 carries a further horizontal carriage 6 which is movable along a second linear displacement axis X that runs orthogonal to the linear displacement axis Z of the carriage 4. The carriages 4 and 6 thus form a cross-slide arrangement.

(8) A further linear carriage 8 which holds the tool spindle 10 is arranged with the ability to swivel about a rotary axis A that runs parallel to the second linear displacement axis X. The linear displacement axis Y of the swivelable carriage 8 is thus determined by the swivel position of the rotary movement about A. The tool rotates about the axis B which runs parallel to the linear displacement axis Y. Thus, with the capability to swivel about the axis A, the crossing angle of the axes is set for the generating and machining of the internal gear teeth of the workpiece.

(9) In the illustrated example, direct drives are provided for the respective rotations C and B of the workpiece spindle of the tool spindle. In accordance with common practice, the movements along X, Y, Z and about A, B, C are performed under computerized numerical control (CNC), which is not shown in the drawing. The configuration of the machine tool 100 as described up to this point belongs to the known state of the art. In addition to the skiving of internal or external gear teeth, the machine is further suitable for hard-finishing operations in which the axes are crossed at an angle, and also for shaving operations (soft shaving).

(10) However, the skiving machine 100 includes a further motion device relative to the plane that is defined by the respective axes C and B of the workpiece spindle and the tool spindle opposite the tool carriage arrangement 4, 6, 8. This further motion device is realized as a cross-slide arrangement 12, 14 with a carriage 14 movably constrained on the machine bed along the fourth linear displacement axis Z4 which runs parallel to the first linear displacement axis Z. The horizontal carriage 14, in turn, carries a further horizontal carriage 12, whose linear displacement axis X2 runs parallel to the second linear displacement axis X as a fifth linear displacement axis of the skiving machine 100. Although not strictly required, the parallelism of the axes Z4 and Z as well as of X2 and X is advantageous. In this embodiment, it is of importance that one of the carriages 12, 14 can perform a movement with a vector component parallel to the first linear displacement axis Z, while the other of the carriages 12, 14 can perform a movement with a vector component in the direction of the second linear displacement axis X. The drive mechanisms of the carriages 12 and 14 are likewise running under the CNC control of the skiving machine 100.

(11) FIG. 2 illustrates in a horizontal cross-sectional detail view, how the space enclosed by the internal gear teeth 20 of a workpiece that is otherwise not shown in the drawing is simultaneously occupied by a deburring tool 30 that is mounted on an arm 16 projecting from the horizontal carriage 12 and attached to the latter and by a skiving wheel 50. While the skiving wheel 50 generates the internal gear teeth 20, the deburring tool 30 already deburrs the tooth edges at the left end of the teeth (relative to the width of the tooth shown in FIG. 2). The deburring tool 30 and the skiving wheel 50 are separated by a safe distance to prevent them from coming into contact with each other. It is evident that the deburring tool 30 as illustrated or in a modified form could also be used for the turning of an internal recess in the region of the internally toothed workpiece that lies behind the internal gear teeth 20 and is not otherwise shown in the drawing.

(12) In regard to the time sequence in which the machining tools are moved into their operating positions, it is advantageous if the deburring tool is introduced first and if the skiving wheel 50 is moved into position and the generating or machining of the internal teeth is started only after the deburring tool is in place.

(13) FIG. 3 represents a further embodiment wherein external gear teeth 21 are generated on a workpiece by means of a skiving wheel 51. The further axes of movement for the skiving are not shown in this drawing, but from the inclined position of the skiving wheel axis relative to the workpiece axis it is evident that the axes cross each other at an angle. Shown in the lower part of FIG. 3 is a hydraulically operated carriage with a further machining tool 31 which is movable in the radial direction of the externally toothed workpiece and which, in parallel with the action of the skiving wheel 51, performs the operation of generating a recess on the workpiece. The further machining tool 31 can also be used to perform deburring operations on the external gear teeth 21 directly after they have been cut.

(14) The invention is not limited to the details presented in the description of the drawings. Rather, the features set forth in the following claims as well as in the foregoing description, used individually or in combination, can be essential for the realization of the invention in its different embodiments.