METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WORKPIECE THREADED HOLE

Abstract

A method for producing a workpiece threaded hole by a tapping tool, with a drilling stroke, in which the rotating tapping tool is driven into the workpiece in a drilling direction to a nominal drilling depth, and so forming a thread-free pilot hole, and with a tap-ping stroke in which the tapping tool produces an internal thread in the pilot hole with a tapping feed rate and a tapping speed synchronized therewith. The drilling stroke is followed by a reversing stroke in which the tapping tool is guided out of the pilot hole in a reversing direction opposite to the drilling direction. The tapping tool is then radially displaced by a radial offset in an offset stroke. Then, in the tapping stroke, the radially controlled, rotating tapping tool is guided in a circular rotary motion along a circular path around the hole axis.

Claims

1-19. (canceled)

20. A method for producing a workpiece threaded hole by a tapping tool, with a drilling stroke, comprising: driving a rotating tapping tool into the workpiece in a drilling direction to a nominal drilling depth, and so forming a thread-free pilot hole, and with a tapping stroke in which the tapping tool produces an internal thread in the pilot hole with a tapping feed rate and a tapping speed synchronized therewith, wherein for preparing the tapping stroke, a reversing stroke takes place after the drilling stroke, in which the tapping tool is guided out of the pilot hole in a reversing direction opposite to the drilling direction to such an extent, wherein the tapping tool is radially displaced in an offset stroke by a radial offset, wherein in the tapping stroke, the radially controlled, rotating tapping tool is guided in a circular rotary motion along a circular path about the hole axis, and wherein, in the tapping stroke, the tool rotation and the tool circular motion take place in the same direction of rotary motion and at the same rotational speed.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the tapping stroke and the drilling stroke have an identical stroke direction, and/or wherein the tapping stroke, a thread generating section of the tapping tool generates the internal thread down to a nominal thread depth, and wherein the tapping stroke is extended by a free-cutting stroke when the nominal thread depth is reached, in which the feed and the speed of the tapping tool are no longer synchronized with one another and a circumferential free-cutting groove adjoining the internal thread and without thread pitch is produced.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, after the free-cutting stroke has taken place, a second offset stroke takes place in preparation for a reversing stroke, in which the tapping tool is moved free by a radial offset in the radial direction from the internal thread or from the free-cutting groove, so that in the reversing stroke the tapping tool can be guided out of the workpiece threaded hole without load, thread engagement or chip engagement.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein, in the drilling stroke, a drilling section of the tapping tool is in chip engagement with the workpiece and the thread generating section is entrained without load, and/or wherein, in the tapping stroke, the thread generating section is in forming and/or cutting engagement with a pilot hole inner wall and the drilling section is entrained without load.

24. The method according to claim 20, wherein in the drilling stroke a tool axis (W) and the hole axis are coaxial to each other, and/or wherein in the tapping stroke, the tool axis and the hole axis are axially parallel to each other, and so having an axial distance corresponding to the radial offset.

25. The method according to claim 23, wherein the drilling section of the tapping tool has at least a first drilling cutting edge and a second drilling cutting edge which are spaced apart from one another in a tool circumferential direction by a cutting edge angle, and wherein the cutting edge angle is dimensioned such that the two drilling cutting edges can be introduced into the workpiece threaded hole in the tapping stroke without load and out of engagement with the internal thread produced.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the thread generating section is arranged in the tool circumferential direction outside a rotation angle range spanned by the two drilling cutting edges.

27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the first and second drilling cutting edges move on a common drilling cutting edge circular path with a drilling cutting edge diameter during a tool rotation, and wherein the drilling stroke, the tool thread generating section moves on an outer diameter which is smaller than a pilot hole diameter.

28. The method according to claim 20, wherein the thread generating section has at least one or several, thread teeth, and/or wherein each tooth lies on its own tooth contour diameter, wherein their difference describes the allowance between two successive thread teeth, and/or wherein a machining tooth lagging behind in a direction of rotation as the last machining tooth is a finishing tooth, a tooth contour diameter of which is larger than a tooth contour diameter of the preceding machining tooth, and/or wherein the thread teeth lie on an envelope curve.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein a cutting geometry of the machining tooth is designed such that the machining tooth is drawn into the material of a pilot hole wall during the thread generation, whereby the tapping tool is subjected to a lateral deflection force, and wherein, for deflection force compensation, the tool thread generating section has at least one circumferentially arranged support base, the outer diameter of which lies approximately on a pilot hole diameter during the thread generation, so that during the thread generation the support base of the tapping tool is supported against the pilot hole wall.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, viewed in an axial direction, at least one support base is formed in each case on both sides of the machining tooth.

31. The method according to claim 25, wherein the first and second drilling cutting edges are arranged in a tool axial direction in different height positions, with axial height offset relative to one another, and wherein the axial height offset between the drilling cutting edges is dimensioned in such a way that one or more drilling cutting edge loads per drilling cutting edge in the drilling stroke are approximately equal.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein each drilling cutting edge has at least one end transverse cutting edge formed on the tool tip, and the transverse cutting edges of both drilling cutting edges are offset in height relative to one another in the tool axial direction by a height offset.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the transverse cutting edge of each drilling cutting edge at a radially outer cutting edge corner merges into a longitudinal cutting edge, and/or the drilling cutting edges are each formed on drill webs extending in a longitudinal direction of the tool, and the drill webs are spaced apart from one another in the tool circumferential direction via chip spaces, and/or a chip surface bounding the chip space merges at the longitudinal cutting edge into a peripheral drill web free surface, and/or guide chamfers project in each case from the peripheral drill web free surfaces, and/or the tool thread generating section is formed on a peripheral drill web free surface.

34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the transverse cutting edge of each drilling cutting edge spans a tip angle with a tool axis, and the tip angles of the drilling cutting edges are the same, or in the tip angles of the drilling cutting edges are different, resulting in the axial height offset at the tool circumference, at cutting edge corners of the drilling cutting edges, or the different height positions of the drilling cutting edges.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein at the tool tip a chip surface bounding the chip space merges at the end transverse cutting edge into an end free surface which tapers in the direction of the tool axis.

36. The method according to claim 20, wherein the process steps for producing the threaded hole are carried out by a CNC control.

37. The method according to claim 20, wherein one or more process steps for producing the threaded hole are carried out by a receptacle in which the tool can be mechanically controlled, and before the tapping stroke a reversal of the direction of rotation of the tapping tool takes place, during a first reversing stroke, and the reversal of the direction of rotation is used as a signal for controlling by the radial offset.

38. A tapping tool for producing a workpiece threaded hole, with a drilling stroke, in which the rotating tapping tool is driven into the workpiece in a drilling direction to a nominal drilling depth, and so forming a thread-free pilot hole, and with a tapping stroke in which the tapping tool produces an internal thread in the pilot hole with a tapping feed rate and a tapping speed synchronized therewith, wherein for preparing the tapping stroke a reversing stroke takes place after the drilling stroke, in which the tapping tool is guided out of the pilot hole in a reversing direction opposite to the drilling direction to such an extent, wherein the tapping tool is radially displaced in an offset stroke by a radial offset, and wherein in the tapping stroke, the radially controlled, rotating tapping tool is guided in a circular rotary motion along a circular path about the hole axis, wherein, in the tapping stroke, the tool rotation and the tool circular motion take place in the same direction of rotary motion and at the same rotational speed, and that, in the drilling stroke, a drilling section of the tapping tool is in chip engagement with the workpiece and a thread generating section can be entrained without load, and wherein, in the tapping stroke, the thread generating section is in forming and/or cutting engagement with a pilot hole inner wall and a drilling section can be entrained without load.

39. The method according to claim 22, wherein, in the drilling stroke, a drilling section of the tapping tool is in chip engagement with the workpiece and the thread generating section is entrained without load, and/or wherein, in the tapping stroke, the thread generating section is in forming and/or cutting engagement with a pilot hole inner wall and the drilling section is entrained without load.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0022] An example of an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0023] Showing:

[0024] FIG. 1 in a side sectional view of a threaded blind hole formed in a workpiece;

[0025] FIG. 2 is a view of a tapping tool;

[0026] FIG. 3 is a view of a tapping tool;

[0027] FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the production of the threaded blind hole shown in FIG. 1;

[0028] FIG. 5 is another view illustrating the production of the threaded blind hole shown in FIG. 1;

[0029] FIG. 6 is another view illustrating the production of the threaded blind hole shown in FIG. 1;

[0030] FIG. 7 is another view illustrating the production of the threaded blind hole shown in FIG. 1;

[0031] FIG. 8 is another view illustrating the production of the threaded blind hole shown in FIG. 1;

[0032] FIG. 9 is a view of a conventional drilling tool;

[0033] FIG. 10 is another view of a conventional drilling tool;

[0034] FIG. 11 is an embodiment of the invention;

[0035] FIG. 12 is another embodiment of the invention;

[0036] FIG. 13 is another embodiment of the invention;

[0037] FIG. 14 is another embodiment of the invention;

[0038] FIG. 15 is another exemplary embodiment of the invention;

[0039] FIG. 16 is another exemplary embodiment of the invention;

[0040] FIG. 17 is another exemplary embodiment of the invention; and

[0041] FIG. 18 is another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] FIG. 1 shows a completed threaded blind hole 1. The hole 1 is machined with its hole bottom 3 to a nominal drilling depth t.sub.B in a workpiece 5 by means of a process sequence which will be explained later with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8. The threaded hole 1 has a circumferential thread counterbore 7 at its hole opening, which in the further course merges downward into an internal thread 9. The internal thread 9 extends along the hole axis A to a usable nominal thread depth t.sub.G. As can be seen from FIG. 1, one thread of the internal thread 9 opens into a circumferential clearance or free-cutting groove 13. The thread core of the internal thread 9 lies on a core hole diameter d.sub.K in FIG. 1. The thread bottom of the internal thread 9 lies on a thread outer diameter d.sub.A.

[0043] The threaded blind hole 1 shown in FIG. 1 is produced with the aid of a tapping tool described below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. Accordingly, the tool in FIG. 2 has a clamping shank 15 to which a tapping body 17 is connected. In FIG. 3, a first drilling cutting edge S1 and a second drilling cutting edge S2 are formed on the tapping body 17, which are spaced apart from each other in a tool circumferential direction u by a cutting edge angle α. In FIG. 3, the tapping tool has two drill webs 14 running in a longitudinal direction of the tool. A drilling cutting edge S1, S2 is formed on each of the two drill webs 14. The two drill webs 14 are spaced from each other in the tool circumferential direction u (FIG. 3) by chip spaces 23. Each of the drilling cutting edges S1, S2 has a longitudinal cutting edge 27 running in the longitudinal direction of the tool (only indicated in FIGS. 12 and 14) and an end transverse cutting edge 29 formed at the tool tip. The end transverse cutting edge 29 merges into the longitudinal cutting edge 27 at a radially outer cutting edge corner 33.

[0044] A chip surface bounding the chip space 23 merges at the longitudinal cutting edge 27 into a circumferential drill web free surface 35 (FIG. 3). Laterally projecting guide chamfers 37 are formed on each of the circumferential drill web free surfaces 35. In addition, a tool thread generating section 39 is formed on the wide drill web 14 (and specifically on its drill web free surface 35). In FIG. 3, this consists of a total of three machining teeth, namely a pre-machining tooth 40, an intermediate tooth 41 and a finishing tooth 42. Alternatively or additionally, further teeth (such as tooth 43 shown in FIG. 1) can be provided. In FIG. 3, the teeth 40 to 42 are arranged one behind the other in the tool circumferential direction u and are positioned at approximately the same height in the axial direction. Alternatively, however, the thread generating section 39 is not limited to this particular embodiment. Rather, fewer or more cutting teeth can also be provided and/or the cutting teeth can also be arranged axially offset from one another on the drill web free surfaces 35.

[0045] The thread generating section 39 also has, viewed in the axial direction, on both sides of the machining teeth 40, 41, 42 respectively a circumferential cylindrically extending support web 44 (FIGS. 3 and 4), the outer diameter of which lies approximately on the pilot hole diameter d.sub.VB during the thread generation (see FIG. 7), so that during the thread generation the support web (44) of the tapping tool is supported against the pilot hole wall

[0046] As further shown in FIG. 3, an outer cutting edge contour of the first and second drilling cutting edges S1, S2 moves along a drilling cutting edge circular path 45 with a cutting edge contour diameter (identical to core hole diameter d.sub.K) during a tool rotation. Similarly, a tooth contour of the tool thread generating section 39 moves along a tooth contour circular path or envelope curve 47 (FIGS. 3 and 4) with a tooth contour diameter during tool rotation. In FIG. 3 or 4, the tooth contour diameter is smaller than the cutting edge contour diameter (identical to core hole diameter d.sub.K). This results in a radial tool clearance 49 (FIG. 3 or 4) between the drill cutting circular path 45 and the tooth contour circular path 47. The tool clearance 49 is required in a clearance step F (FIG. 8b) described later.

[0047] In the following, FIGS. 4 to 8 describe a thread generation using the tapping tool according to the invention: Thus, in a drilling stroke B (FIGS. 4 and 5), the rotating tapping tool is driven into the not yet predrilled workpiece 5 up to the nominal drilling depth t.sub.B, forming a pilot hole 51. In the drilling stroke B, the two drilling cutting edges S1, S2 are in chip engagement with the workpiece 5, while the tool thread generating section 39 remains load-free as well as out of engagement with the pilot hole wall. The tool axis W is aligned coaxially to the hole axis A, the feed rate v.sub.f as well as the speed n of the tapping tool are freely selectable. In FIG. 4, the drilling process takes place in the direction of rotation 38 shown, for example, counterclockwise.

[0048] After the end of the drilling stroke (FIG. 5), the following process steps prepare the tapping stroke G (FIG. 8a): Thus, after the drilling stroke B, a first reversing stroke R1 (FIG. 6) takes place, in which the tapping tool is guided out of the pilot hole 51 in a reversing direction opposite to the drilling direction to such an extent that a first offset stroke V1 (FIG. 7) can take place. In the first offset stroke V1, the tapping tool leading out of the pilot hole 51 is radially displaced by a radial offset Δr.sub.1.

[0049] Then the tapping stroke (FIG. 8a) starts, in which the radially controlled, rotating tapping tool is guided in a circular rotary motion (FIG. 7) along a circular path 53 around the hole axis A and is inserted into the pilot hole 51 with a tapping feed rate and a tapping speed synchronized therewith. In the tapping stroke G, the tool rotation and the tool circular movement take place both in the same direction of rotation and at the same speed, as indicated in FIG. 7.

[0050] In the tapping stroke G (FIG. 8a), the thread generating section 39 of the tapping tool produces the internal thread 9 until the nominal thread depth t.sub.G is reached. When the nominal thread depth t.sub.G is reached, the tapping stroke G is extended by a free-cutting stroke F (FIG. 8a). In the free-cutting stroke F, the feed rate v.sub.f and the speed n of the tapping tool are no longer synchronized with each other. Therefore, the circumferential free-cutting groove 13 adjacent to the internal thread 9 is created without thread pitch.

[0051] After the circumferential free-cutting groove 13 has been created, a second offset stroke V2 follows (FIG. 8b), during which the tapping tool is moved clear of the free-cutting groove 13 by a radial offset Δr.sub.2 in the radial direction. This enables a second reversing stroke R2 (FIG. 8b), in which the tapping tool can be guided out of the workpiece threaded hole 1 without load, i.e. without thread engagement and without chip engagement.

[0052] The following description relates specifically to the drilling process step and the drilling section of the tapping tool: In general, when designing a drilling process step, the process parameters (i.e. speed n as well as feed rate v.sub.f of the drilling tool) must be coordinated with the positions of the drilling cutting edges S1, S2 on the drilling tool in such a way that the drilling cutting edge load per drilling cutting edge S1, S2 is approximately the same, i.e. the feed rate v.sub.fz (tooth feed rate) per drilling cutting edge S1, S2 is ideally the same. This is achieved in a conventional drilling tool (FIGS. 9 and 10) by constant pitch distances between the drilling cutting edges S1, S2. In FIG. 9, therefore, the drilling cutting edges S1, S2 are diametrically opposed with respect to the tool axis W, so that the feed rate (tooth feed rate) per drilling cutting edge S1, S2 is approximately the same, as shown in FIG. 10. In FIG. 10, the lateral surface of the conventional drilling tool is shown in a development. Accordingly, the drilling edges S1, S2 are positioned at the same axial height H.

[0053] In FIG. 10, the drilling cutting edges S1, S2 are each in chip engagement with the inner wall of a workpiece hole over identical cutting widths s. FIG. 10 shows the cutting paths w.sub.1 and w.sub.2 of the two drilling cutting edges S1, S2 resulting from the drilling process. The cutting paths w.sub.1 and w.sub.2 run spirally along the inner wall of the hole with a pitch angle β, so that a straight line of the cutting paths w.sub.1 and w.sub.2 results in the development (FIG. 10). The cutting paths w.sub.1 and w.sub.2 do not overlap in FIG. 10, but rather merge overlap-free in the axial direction.

[0054] In the embodiment example of FIGS. 11 to 14—in contrast to the prior art according to FIGS. 9 and 10—the pitch distances between the two drilling cutting edges S1, S2 are no longer identical, but different. Accordingly, in FIG. 12 the feed rate f.sub.fz per drilling cutting edge is no longer the same for each drilling cutting edge, but different. This means that in FIG. 12, the drilling cutting edges S1, S2 are no longer uniformly loaded in the drilling process, but are loaded differently. According to FIG. 12, the first drilling cutting edge S1 is assigned the largest feed rate v.sub.fz per drilling cutting edge, i.e. the first drilling cutting edge S1 is subjected to the greater cutting edge load. In FIG. 12, the two drilling cutting edges S1, S2 are positioned at the same height H without axial height offset H. According to FIGS. 13 and 14, each transverse cutting edge 29 of each drilling cutting edge S1, S2 spans a tip angle β.sub.1, β.sub.2 with the tool axis W. The point angles β.sub.1, β.sub.2 of the two drilling cutting edges S1, S2 are identically dimensioned in FIG. 14 (as in conventional drilling tools with symmetrical drilling cutting edge distribution). The tip angles β.sub.1, β.sub.2 are selected in such a way that the axial height offset ΔH at the tool circumference, i.e. at the cutting edge corners 33 of the two drilling edges S1, S2, or the different height positions H1, H2 of the drilling edges S1, S2 are set, as shown in FIG. 14.

[0055] In order to ensure an approximately uniform load on the drilling cutting edges S1, S2 despite the different pitch distances, the drilling cutting edges S1, S2 are no longer positioned at the same axial height H in the embodiment example of FIGS. 15 to 18, but rather are arranged at different height positions H1 and H2. These height positions H1 and H2 are selected in such a way that, compared to FIGS. 11 and 12, a more uniform drilling cutting edge loading of the two drilling cutting edges S1, S2 results. The height positions H1 and H2 are selected depending on the process parameters in the drilling process (i.e. tool speed, tool feed rate) and on the respective pitch distances.

[0056] As can be seen from FIG. 16, the drilling cutting edges S1, S2—analogous to FIGS. 9 and 10—are each in cutting engagement with the inner wall of the hole over identical cutting widths s. Furthermore, in FIG. 14, the cutting paths w.sub.1 and w.sub.2 do not overlap each other, but rather merge overlap-free.

[0057] According to FIGS. 17 and 18, each transverse cutting edge 29 of each drilling cutting edge S1, S2 spans a tip angle β.sub.1, β.sub.2 with the tool axis W. In FIG. 18, the tip angles β.sub.1, β.sub.2 of the two drilling edges S1, S2 are not identically dimensioned (as in conventional drilling tools with a symmetrical distribution of drilling edges), but rather are dimensioned differently from each other. The tip angles β.sub.1, β.sub.2 are selected in such a way that the axial height offset ΔH at the tool circumference, i.e. at the cutting edge corners 33 of the two drilling edges S1, S2, or the different height positions H1, H2 of the drilling edges S1, S2 are set, as shown in FIG. 16.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0058] 1 Threaded hole [0059] 3 Hole reason [0060] 5 Workpiece [0061] 7 Thread counterbore [0062] 8 Chamfer [0063] 9 Internal thread [0064] 13 Circumferential free-cutting groove [0065] 14 Drill webs [0066] 15 Clamping shank [0067] 17 Tool body [0068] 14, 16 Drill webs [0069] S1, S2 Drilling cutting edges [0070] 23 Chip space [0071] 25 Longitudinal cutting edge [0072] 29 Transverse cutting edge [0073] 30 End transverse free surface [0074] 33 Cutting edge corner [0075] 35 Drill web free surface [0076] 37 Guide chamfers [0077] 38 Direction of rotation in the drilling stroke [0078] 39 Tool thread generating section [0079] 40, 41, 42 Cutting teeth of the thread generating section [0080] 43 Alternative cutting tooth [0081] 44 Support base [0082] 45 Drilling cutting circular path [0083] 47 Envelope curve of the thread generating section 39 [0084] 49 Tool clearance [0085] 51 Pilot hole [0086] 53 Circular path [0087] t.sub.B Nominal drilling depth [0088] d.sub.K Core diameter [0089] u Tool circumferential direction [0090] α Cutting edge angle [0091] A Hole axis [0092] W Tool axis [0093] B Drilling stroke [0094] G Tapping stroke [0095] F Free-cutting stroke [0096] V1, V2 Offset stroke [0097] Δr.sub.1, Δr.sub.2 Radial offset [0098] ΔH Height offset [0099] H1, H2 Height positions [0100] β.sub.1, β.sub.2 Tip angle [0101] v.sub.f Feed [0102] t.sub.G Nominal thread depth