Process for Packaging Article with Three-Dimensional Loop Material

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a process. In an embodiment, a process for producing a packaging article includes providing a body having a geometric shape and composed of a three-dimensional random loop material (3DRLM). The 3DRLM is composed of an olefin-based polymer. The body has a sleeve with opposing ends on respective opposing surfaces of the body. The sleeve extends through an interior portion of the body and has an opening at each respective end. Each opening has a closed width. The process includes providing a product having an insert shape. The insert shape has an insert width that is greater than or equal to the closed width of the sleeve opening. The process includes inserting the product into the sleeve.

Claims

1. A process for producing a packaging article comprising: providing a body having a geometric shape and composed of a three-dimensional random loop material (3DRLM), the 3DRLM composed of an olefin-based polymer, the body having a sleeve with opposing ends on respective opposing surfaces of the body, the sleeve extending through an interior portion of the body and having an opening at each respective end, each opening having a closed width; providing a product having an insert shape, the insert shape having an insert width that is greater than or equal to the closed width of the sleeve opening; and inserting the product into the sleeve.

2. The process of claim 1 comprising inserting the insert shape of the product into a closed width of the sleeve.

3. The process of claim 2 comprising stretching, with the inserting, a portion of the 3DRLM from a neutral state to a stretched state.

4. The process of claim 3 comprising compressively engaging, with the stretching, at least two opposing surfaces of the product.

5. The process of claim 3 wherein the body has an original geometric shape, the process comprising maintaining the original geometric shape of the body when the product is located in the sleeve.

6. The process of claim 3 comprising stretching, with the inserting, the length of the closed width to the length of the insert width.

7. The process of claim 1 comprising forming, with the body, a border area of 3DRLM around a circumference of the product.

8. The process of claim 1 comprising providing from 1.0 cm to 14.0 cm of 3DRLM around each side of the product.

9. The process of claim 1 comprising providing a body wherein one end of the sleeve is closed; and forming, with the closed end of the sleeve, a pocket in the body.

10. The process of claim 9 comprising forming, with the pocket, a single opening on a single surface of the body.

11. The process of claim 10 wherein the single opening of the pocket has a closed width, the process comprising stretching, with the inserting, the length of the pocket closed width to the length of the insert width.

12. The process of claim 1 comprising forming the 3DRLM from a material selected from the group consisting of an ethylene-based polymer, a propylene-based polymer, and combinations thereof.

13. The process of claim 1 comprising providing a container having (i) a top wall and a bottom wall, (ii) a plurality of sidewalls extending between the top wall and the bottom wall, the wall defining a compartment; placing the body in the compartment; placing the container in a closed configuration; and passing the drop test or the vibration test as measured in accordance with ISTA 3A.

14. A process for producing a packaging article comprising: providing a container having (i) a top wall and a bottom wall, (ii) a plurality of sidewalls extending between the top wall and bottom wall, the walls defining a compartment; providing at least two bodies, each body having a geometric shape of an endcap, each endcap composed of a three-dimensional random loop material (3DRLM) composed of an olefin-based polymer, each endcap having a pocket in an interior portion of the body, each pocket having an opening, each opening having a closed width; providing a product having opposing ends, each product end having an insert shape, the insert shape having an insert width that is greater than or equal to the closed width of the opening; inserting each product end into a pocket of a respective endcap and forming an endcap-product-endcap assembly; moving, with the inserting, a portion of the 3DRLM of at least one endcap from a neutral state to a stretched state; and placing the endcap-product-endcap assembly into the container.

15. The process of claim 14 comprising placing the container in a closed configuration; and passing the drop test or the vibration test as measured in accordance with ISTA 3A.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a packaging article having a sleeve and a product (a laptop computer), to be inserted into the sleeve, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the product of FIG. 1 being inserted into the sleeve of the packaging article, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the product located in the sleeve of the packaging article, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of area 4 of FIG. 2, showing the stretching of the three dimensional loop material during insertion of the product into the sleeve.

[0051] FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of area 5 of FIG. 3 with the product inserted into the sleeve.

[0052] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a packaging article and a product (a bottle), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the bottle of FIG. 6 after insertion into a pocket of the packaging article of FIG. 6, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the bottle located in the pocket of the packaging article of FIG. 6.

[0055] FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of a packaging article and a product (eggs), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the eggs located in the pockets of the packaging article of FIG. 9.

[0057] FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of another packaging article in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12-12 of FIG. 11.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The present disclosure provides a packaging article. In an embodiment, the packaging article includes a body having a geometric shape. The body is composed of a three-dimensional random loop material (3DRLM). The 3DRLM is composed of an olefin-based polymer. A sleeve extends through an interior portion of the body. The sleeve has opposing ends on respective opposing surfaces of the body. The sleeve includes an opening at each respective end on the respective opposing surfaces of the body. Each opening has a closed width. The packaging article includes a product. The product has an insert shape, the insert shape has an insert width that is greater than or equal to the closed width of the sleeve opening. A portion of the 3DRLM moves from a neutral state to a stretched state when the product is inserted into the sleeve.

1. Body and 3D Loop Structure

[0060] Referring to the drawings, and initially to FIG. 1, a packaging article is shown and indicated generally by the reference numeral 10. The packaging article 10 includes a body 12 having a geometric shape, the body being composed of a three-dimensional random loop material 14. A geometric shape, as used herein, is a three dimensional shape or a three dimensional configuration having a length, a width, and a height. The geometric shape can be a regular three dimensional shape, an irregular three dimensional shape, and combinations thereof. Nonlimiting examples of regular three-dimensional shapes include cube, prism, sphere, cone, and cylinder. The body may be solid or hollow. It is understood that when the geometric shape of the body is a prism, the prism can have a cross-sectional shape that is a regular polygon, or an irregular polygon having three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10 or more sides.

[0061] The body is composed of a three dimensional random loop material 14. A three dimensional random loop material (or 3DRLM) is a mass or a structure of a multitude of loops 16 formed by allowing continuous fibers 18, to wind to permit respective loops to come in contact with one another in a molten state and to be heat-bonded at most of the contact points 19. Even when a great stress to cause significant deformation is given, the 3DRLM 18 absorbs the stress with the entire net structure composed of three-dimensional random loops melt-integrated, by deforming itself; and once the stress is lifted, elastic resilience of the polymer manifests itself to allow recovery to the original shape of the structure. When a net structure composed of continuous fibers made from a known non-elastic polymer is used as a cushioning material, plastic deformation is developed and the recovery cannot be achieved, thus resulting in poor heat-resisting durability. When the fibers are not melt-bonded at contact points, the shape cannot be retained and the structure does not integrally change its shape, with the result that a fatigue phenomenon occurs due to the concentration of stress, thus unbeneficially degrading durability and deformation resistance. In certain embodiments, melt-bonding is the state where all contact points are melt-bonded.

[0062] A nonlimiting method for producing 3DRLM 14 includes the steps of (a) heating a molten olefin-based polymer, at a temperature 10 C.-140C C. higher than the melting point of the polymer in a typical melt-extruder; (b) discharging the molten interpolymer to the downward direction from a nozzle with plural orifices to form loops by allowing the fibers to fall naturally. The polymer may be used in combination with a thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic non-elastic polymer or a combination thereof. The distance between the nozzle surface and take-off conveyors installed on a cooling unit for solidifying the fibers, melt viscosity of the polymer, diameter of orifice and the amount to be discharged are the elements which decide loop diameter and fineness of the fibers. Loops are formed by holding and allowing the delivered molten fibers to reside between a pair of take-off conveyors (belts, or rollers) set on a cooling unit (the distance therebetween being adjustable), bringing the loops thus formed into contact with one another by adjusting the distance between the orifices to this end such that the loops in contact are heat-bonded as they form a three-dimensional random loop structure. Then, the continuous fibers, wherein contact points have been heat-bonded as the loops form a three-dimensional random loop structure, are continuously taken into a cooling unit for solidification to give a net structure. Thereafter, the structure is cut into a desired length and shape. The method is characterized in that the olefin-based polymer is melted and heated at a temperature 10 C.-140 C. higher than the melting point of the interpolymer and delivered to the downward direction in a molten state from a nozzle having plural orifices. When the polymer is discharged at a temperature less than 10 C. higher than the melting point, the fiber delivered becomes cool and less fluidic to result in insufficient heat-bonding of the contact points of fibers.

[0063] Properties, such as, the loop diameter and fineness of the fibers constituting the cushioning net structure provided herein depend on the distance between the nozzle surface and the take-off conveyor installed on a cooling unit for solidifying the interpolymer, melt viscosity of the interpolymer, diameter of orifice and the amount of the interpolymer to be delivered therefrom. For example, a decreased amount of the interpolymer to be delivered and a lower melt viscosity upon delivery result in smaller fineness of the fibers and smaller average loop diameter of the random loop. On the contrary, a shortened distance between the nozzle surface and the take-off conveyor installed on the cooling unit for solidifying the interpolymer results in a slightly greater fineness of the fiber and a greater average loop diameter of the random loop. These conditions in combination afford the desirable fineness of the continuous fibers of from 100 denier to 100000 denier and an average diameter of the random loop of not more than 100 mm, or from 1 millimeter (mm), or 2 mm, or 10 mm to 25 mm, or 50 mm. By adjusting the distance to the aforementioned conveyor, the thickness of the structure can be controlled while the heat-bonded net structure is in a molten state and a structure having a desirable thickness and flat surface formed by the conveyors can be obtained. Too great a conveyor speed results in failure to heat-bond the contact points, since cooling proceeds before the heat-bonding. On the other hand, too slow a speed can cause higher density resulting from excessively long dwelling of the molten material. In some embodiments the distance to the conveyor and the conveyor speed should be selected such that the desired apparent density of 0.005-0.1 g/cc or 0.01-0.05 g/cc can be achieved.

[0064] In an embodiment, the 3DRLM 30 has, one, some, or all of the properties (i)-(iii) below:

[0065] (i) an apparent density from 0.016 g/cc, or 0.024 g/cc, or 0.032 g/cc to 0.040 g/cc, or 0.048 g/cc; and/or

[0066] (ii) a fiber diameter from 0.1 mm, or 0.5 mm, or 0.7 mm, or 1.0 mm, or 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm to 2.5 mm, or 3.0 mm; and/or

[0067] (iii) a thickness (machine direction) from 1.0 cm, 2.0 cm, or 3.0, cm, or 4.0 cm, or 5.0 cm, or 10 cm, or 20 cm to 50 cm, or 75 cm, or 100 cm, or more. It is understood that the thickness of the 3DRLM 14 will vary based on the type of product to be packaged.

[0068] The 3DRLM 14 is formed into a three dimensional geometric shape to form the body 12. The 3DRLM 14 is an elastic material which can be compressed and stretched and return to its original geometric shape. An elastic material, as used herein, is a rubber-like material that can be compressed and/or stretched and which expands/retracts very rapidly to approximately its original shape/length when the force exerting the compression and/or the stretching is released. The three dimensional random loop material 14 has a neutral state when no compressive force and no stretch force is imparted upon the 3DRLM 14. The three dimensional random loop material 14 has a compressed state when a compressive force is imparted upon the 3DRLM 14. The three dimensional random loop material 14 has a stretched state when a stretching force is imparted upon the 3DRLM 14. The body 12 can be compressed (compressed state), be neutral (neutral state), and be stretched (stretched state) in a similar manner.

[0069] The three dimensional random loop material 14 is composed of one or more olefin-based polymers. The olefin-based polymer can be one or more ethylene-based polymers, one or more propylene-based polymers, and blends thereof.

[0070] In an embodiment, the ethylene-based polymer is an ethylene/-olefin polymer. Ethylene/-olefin polymer may be a random ethylene/-olefin polymer or an ethylene/-olefin multi-block polymer. The -olefin is a C.sub.3-C.sub.20 -olefin, or a C.sub.4-C.sub.12 -olefin, or a C.sub.4-C.sub.8 -olefin. Nonlimiting examples of suitable -olefin comonomer include propylene, butene, methyl-1-pentene, hexene, octene, decene, dodecene, tetradecene, hexadecene, octadecene, cyclohexyl-1-propene (allyl cyclohexane), vinyl cyclohexane, and combinations thereof.

[0071] In an embodiment, the ethylene-based polymer is a homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer.

[0072] Random copolymer is a copolymer wherein the at least two different monomers are arranged in a non-uniform order. The term random copolymer specifically excludes block copolymers. The term homogeneous ethylene polymer as used to describe ethylene polymers is used in the conventional sense in accordance with the original disclosure by Elston in U.S. Pat. No. 3,645,992, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, to refer to an ethylene polymer in which the comonomer is randomly distributed within a given polymer molecule and wherein substantially all of the polymer molecules have substantially the same ethylene to comonomer molar ratio. As defined herein, both substantially linear ethylene polymers and homogeneously branched linear ethylene are homogeneous ethylene polymers.

[0073] The homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer may be a random homogeneously branched linear ethylene/-olefin copolymer or a random homogeneously branched substantially linear ethylene/-olefin copolymer. The term substantially linear ethylene/-olefin copolymer means that the polymer backbone is substituted with from 0.01 long chain branches/1000 carbons to 3 long chain branches/1000 carbons, or from 0.01 long chain branches/1000 carbons to 1 long chain branches/1000 carbons, or from 0.05 long chain branches/1000 carbons to 1 long chain branches/1000 carbons. In contrast, the term linear ethylene/-olefin copolymer means that the polymer backbone has no long chain branching.

[0074] The homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymers may have the same ethylene/-olefin comonomer ratio within all copolymer molecules. The homogeneity of the copolymers may be described by the SCBDI (Short Chain Branch Distribution Index) or CDBI (Composition Distribution Branch Index) and is defined as the weight percent of the polymer molecules having a comonomer content within 50 percent of the median total molar comonomer content. The CDBI of a polymer is readily calculated from data obtained from techniques known in the art, such as, for example, temperature rising elution fractionation (abbreviated herein as TREF) as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,798,081 (Hazlitt et al.), or in U.S. Pat. No. 5,089,321 (Chum et al.) the disclosures of all of which are incorporated herein by reference. The SCBDI or CDBI for the homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymers is preferably greater than about 30 percent, or greater than about 50 percent.

[0075] The homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer may include at least one ethylene comonomer and at least one C.sub.3-C.sub.20 -olefin, or at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.12 -olefin comonomer. For example and not by way of limitation, the C.sub.3-C.sub.20 -olefins may include but are not limited to propylene, isobutylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, and 1-decene, or, in some embodiments, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene.

[0076] The homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer may have one, some, or all of the following properties (i)-(iii) below:

[0077] (i) a melt index (1.sub.2) from 1 g/10 min, or 5 g/10 min, or 10 g/10 min, or 20 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min, or 40 g/10 min, or 50 g/10 min, and/or

[0078] (ii) a density from 0.075 g/cc, or 0.880 g/cc, or 0.890 g/cc to 0.90 g/cc, or 0.91 g/cc, or 0.920 g/cc, or 0.925 g/cc; and/or

[0079] (iii) a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) from 2.0, or 2.5, or 3.0 to 3.5, or 4.0.

[0080] In an embodiment, the ethylene-based polymer is a heterogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer.

[0081] The heterogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymers differ from the homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymers primarily in their branching distribution. For example, heterogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymers have a distribution of branching, including a highly branched portion (similar to a very low density polyethylene), a medium branched portion (similar to a medium branched polyethylene) and an essentially linear portion (similar to linear homopolymer polyethylene).

[0082] Like the homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer, the heterogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer may include at least one ethylene comonomer and at least one C.sub.3-C.sub.20 -olefin comonomer, or at least one C.sub.4-C.sub.12 -olefin comonomer. For example and not by way of limitation, the C.sub.3-C.sub.20 -olefins may include but are not limited to, propylene, isobutylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, and 1-decene, or, in some embodiments, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene. In one embodiment, the heterogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer may comprise greater than about 50% by wt ethylene comonomer, or greater than about 60% by wt., or greater than about 70% by wt. Similarly, the heterogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer may comprise less than about 50% by wt -olefin monomer, or less than about 40% by wt., or less than about 30% by wt.

[0083] The heterogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer may have one, some, or all of the following properties (i)-(iii) below:

[0084] (i) a density from 0.900 g/cc, or 0.0910 g/cc, or 0.920 g/cc to 0.930 g/cc, or 0.094 g/cc;

[0085] (ii) a melt index (1.sub.2) from 1 g/10 min, or 5 g/10 min, or 10 g/10 min, or 20 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min, or 40 g/10 min, or 50 g/10 min; and/or

[0086] (iii) an Mw/Mn from 3.0, or 3.5 to 4.0, or 4.5.

[0087] In an embodiment, the 3DRLM 14 is composed of a blend of a homogeneously branched random ethylene/-olefin copolymer and a heterogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer, the blend having one, some, or all of the properties (i)-(v) below:

[0088] (i) a Mw/Mn from 2.5, or 3.0 to 3.5, or 4.0, or 4.5;

[0089] (ii) a melt index (1.sub.2) from 3.0 g/10 min, or 4.0 g/10 min, or 5.0 g/10 min, or 10 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or 20 g/10 min, or 25 g/10 min;

[0090] (iii) a density from 0.895 g/cc, or 0.900 g/cc, or 0.910 g/cc, or 0.915 g/cc to 0.920 g/cc, or 0.925 g/cc; and or

[0091] (iv) an 1.sub.10/1.sub.2 ratio from 5 g/10 min, or 7 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min, or 15 g/10 min; and/or

[0092] (v) a percent crystallinity from 25%, or 30%, or 35%, or 40% to 45%, or 50%, or 55%.

[0093] According to Crystallization Elution Fractionation (CEF), the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may have a weight fraction in a temperature zone from 90 C. to 115 C. or about 5% to about 15% by wt., or about 6% to about 12%, or about 8% to about 12%, or greater than about 8%, or greater than about 9%. Additionally, as detailed below, the copolymer blend may have a Comonomer Distribution Constant (CDC) of at least about 100, or at least about 110.

[0094] The present ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may have at least two, or three melting peaks when measured using Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) below a temperature of 130 C. In one or more embodiments, the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may include a highest temperature melting peak of at least 115 C., or at least 120 C., or from about 120 C. to about 125 C., or from about from 122 to about 124 C. Without being bound by theory, the heterogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer is characterized by two melting peaks, and the homogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer is characterized by one melting peak, thus making up the three melting peaks. Further without being bound by theory, it is believed that 3DRLM having an ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend with a highest DSC melting peak of at least 115 C. can demonstrate effective heat resistance when subjected to high temperature sterilization processes. Specifically, heat and/or steam sterilization of a 3DRLM may degrade the structural integrity of a structure having a DSC highest melting peak below 115 C. (for example, via compression of the structure), whereas 3DRLM having an ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend with a highest DSC melting peak of at least 115 C. can be heat resistant and retain their structure. Further, the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may have an enthalpy of fusion value H of at least 120 J/g, or at least 125 J/g when measured via DSC.

[0095] Additionally, the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may comprise from about 10 to about 90% by weight, or about 30 to about 70% by weight, or about 40 to about 60% by weight of the homogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer. Similarly, the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may comprise from about 10 to about 90% by weight, about 30 to about 70% by weight, or about 40 to about 60% by weight of the heterogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer. In a specific embodiment, the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may comprise from about 50% to about 60% by weight of the homogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer, and 40% to about 50% of the heterogeneously branched ethylene/-olefin copolymer.

[0096] Moreover, the strength of the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may be characterized by one or more of the following metrics. One such metric is elastic recovery. Here, the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend has an elastic recovery, Re, in percent at 100 percent strain at 1 cycle of between 50-80%. Additional details regarding elastic recovery are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,803,728, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0097] The ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may also be characterized by its storage modulus. In some embodiments, the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may have a ratio of storage modulus at 25 C., G (25 C.) to storage modulus at 100 C., G (100 C.) of about 20 to about 60, or from about 20 to about 50, or about 30 to about 50, or about 30 to about 40.

[0098] Moreover, the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend may also be characterized by a bending stiffness of at least about 1.15 Nmm at 6 s, or at least about 1.20 Nmm at 6 s, or at least about 1.25 Nmm at 6 s, or at least about 1.35 Nmm at 6 s. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that these stiffness values demonstrate how the ethylene/-olefin copolymer blend will provide cushioning support when incorporated into 3DRLM fibers bonded to form a cushioning net structure.

[0099] In an embodiment, the ethylene-based polymer is an ethylene/-olefin interpolymer composition having one, some, or all of the following properties (i)-(v) below:

[0100] (i) a highest DSC temperature melting peak from 90.0 C. to 115.0 C.; and/or

[0101] (ii) a zero shear viscosity ratio (ZSVR) from 1.40 to 2.10; and/or

[0102] (iii) a density in the range of from 0.860 to 0.925 g/cc; and/or

[0103] (iv) a melt index (1.sub.2) from 1 g/10 min to 25 g/10 min; and/or

[0104] (v) a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) in the range of from 2.0 to 4.5.

[0105] In an embodiment, the ethylene-based polymer contains a functionalized commoner such as an ester. The functionalized comonomer can be an acetate commoner oran acrylate comonomer. Nonlimiting examples of suitable ethylene-based polymer with functionalized comonomer include ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene methyl acrylate EMA, ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA), and any combination thereof.

[0106] In an embodiment, the olefin-based polymer is a propylene-based polymer. The propylene-based polymer can be a propylene homopolymer or a propylene/-olefin polymer.

[0107] The -olefin is a C.sub.2 -olefin (ethylene) or a C.sub.4-C.sub.12 -olefin, or a C.sub.4-C.sub.8 -olefin. Nonlimiting examples of suitable -olefin comonomer include ethylene, butene, methyl-1-pentene, hexene, octene, decene, dodecene, tetradecene, hexadecene, octadecene, cyclohexyl-1-propene (allyl cyclohexane), vinyl cyclohexane, and combinations thereof.

[0108] In an embodiment, the propylene interpolymer includes from 82 wt % to 99 wt % units derived from propylene and from 18 wt % to 1 wt % units derived from ethylene, having one, some, or all of the properties (i)-(vi) below:

[0109] (i) a density of from 0.840 g/cc, or 0.850 g/cc to 0.900 g/cc; and/or

[0110] (ii) a highest DSC melting peak temperature from 50.0 C. to 120.0 C.; and/or

[0111] (iii) a melt flow rate from 1 g/10 min, or 2 g/10 min to 50 g/10 min, or 100 g/10 min; and/or

[0112] (iv) a Mw/Mn of less than 4; and/or

[0113] (v) a percent crystallinity in the range of from 0.5% to 45%; and/or

[0114] (vi) a DSC crystallization onset temperature, Tc-Onset, of less than 85 C.

[0115] In an embodiment, the olefin-based polymer used in the manufacture of the 3DRLM 14 contains one or more optional additives. Nonlimiting examples of suitable additives include stabilizer, antimicrobial agent, antifungal agent, antioxidant, processing aid, ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer, slip additive, antiblocking agent, color pigment or dyes, antistatic agent, filler, flame retardant, and any combination thereof.

2. Sleeve

[0116] The body 12 has a sleeve 20. A sleeve, as used herein, is an orifice that extends through the interior of the body, the sleeve having a first end on a first surface of the body and an opposing second end on an opposing second surface of the body. The sleeve is a channel formed through the surrounding 3DRLM 14 for receiving, holding, and supporting an object within the body interior. FIGS. 1-3 show the sleeve 20 has a first end 21a with an opening 22. The sleeve 20 has a second end 21b with an opening 23. The openings 22,23 provide ingress and egress into/from the sleeve. Each opening 22, 23 is located on an outer surface, or on an outermost surface, of the body 12.

[0117] The opening (and/or the sleeve) can be formed in the body during the fabrication of the 3DRLM. Alternatively, the opening (and/or the sleeve) can be formed post-fabrication by cutting a slit into the body with a blade member or other cutting device. In this way, the opening (sleeve) can be a slit, formed by cutting the 3DRLM 14 with a blade, such as an electric knife, for example.

[0118] Each opening 22, 23 has a closed width. A closed width, as used herein, is the width of the opening (sleeve) when the three dimensional random loop material is in the neutral state. FIGS. 1-3 show openings 22, 23 each having a closed width, the closed width having a distance of W1.

[0119] The packaging article 10 includes a product. A product, as used herein, is a tangible object with a mass of at least one gram and having three dimensionsnamely, a length, a width, and a height. Nonlimiting examples of suitable products include consumer electronics products, household goods, medical products, comestibles, and any combination thereof.

[0120] Nonlimiting examples of suitable consumer electronics products include computer disk drives, computer input and output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse; speakers; video display/monitor; computer; laptop computer; tablet computer; cellphone; smartphone; camera; handheld computing device; television; audio device; computer printer; 3-D printer; wearable technology; drone; virtual reality equipment; video game equipment; media device; accessories such as power cord and power pack; and any combination thereof.

[0121] Nonlimiting examples of suitable household goods include cutlery, glassware, glass picture frames, dishware, small appliances (hair dryer, microwave oven, toaster, food processing device, blender), light bulbs, hardware such as screwdrivers and hammers, and decorative items such as candle holders or vases, and any combination thereof.

[0122] Nonlimiting examples of suitable medical products include vials, ampules, syringes, intravenous (IV) bags, medical devices used in surgical suites including trocars, forceps, clamps, retractors, endoscopes, staplers, specula, drills, and any combination thereof.

[0123] Nonlimiting examples of suitable comestibles include produce such as fruit and vegetables. Nonlimiting examples of suitable fruit and vegetables include apple; apricot; artichoke; asparagus; avocado; banana; beans; beets; bell peppers; blackberries; blueberries; bok choy; boniato; boysenberries; broccoli; Brussel sprouts; cabbage; cantaloupe; carambola; carrots; cauliflower; celery; chayote; cherimoya; cherries; citrus; clementines; collard greens; coconuts; corn; cranberries; cucumber; dates; dragon fruits; durian; eggplant; endive; escarole; feijoa; fennel; figs; garlic; gooseberries; grapefruit; grapes; green beans; green onions; greens (turnip, beet, collard, mustard); guava; horminy; honeydew melon; horned melon; lettuce (iceberg, leaf and romaine); jackfruit; jicama; kale, kiwifruit; kohirabi; kumquat; leeks; lemons; lettuce; lima beans; limes; longan; loquat; lychee; mandarins; malanga; mandarin oranges; mangos; mangosteen; mulberries; mushrooms; mustard greens; napa; nectarines; okra; onion; oranges; papayas; parsnip; passion fruit; peaches; pears; peas; peppers (bellred, yellow, green, chili); persimmons; pineapple; plantains; plums; pomegranate; potatoes; prickly pear; prunes; pummel; pumpkin; quince; radicchio; radishes; raisins; rambutan; raspberries; red cabbage; rhubarb; romaine lettuce; rutabaga; shallots; snap peas; snow peas; spinach; sprouts; squash (acorn, banana, buttercup, butternut, hubbard, summer); strawberries; starfruit; string beans; stone fruits; sweet potato; tamarind; tomatoes, tangelo; tangerines; tomatilio; tomato; turnip; ugli fruit; water chestnuts; waxed beans; yams; yellow squash; yucca/cassava; zucchini; and any combination thereof.

3. Insert Width

[0124] Each opening is located on a surface of the body as disclosed above and hereafter is referred to as an opening surface. The product has an insert shape. The insert shape, as used herein, is the cross sectional shape of the product, when the product is being inserted into the sleeve 20. The insert shape has a width, hereafter the insert width, that is (i) greater than or equal to the closed width of the sleeve 20 and (ii) is less than the width of the opening surface 30, as shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 3. A portion of the 3DRLM 14 moves from a neutral state to a stretched state when the product 24 is inserted into the pocket 20 as shown in FIG. 2.

[0125] In an embodiment, FIGS. 1-3 show the product as a consumer electronics product, such as a laptop computer 24, for example. The laptop computer 24 has an insert shape 26 that is a rectangle, (cross section of the laptop computer when computer is inserted into opening 22). The insert shape 26 has an insert width W.sub.c shown in FIGS. 1-3. The insert width W.sub.c of the laptop computer 24 is greater than the closed width W1 of the sleeve 20. As the laptop computer 24 is inserted into the sleeve 20, the laptop computer 24 stretches the 3DRLM 14 and extends the length of the opening 22 from the closed width, W1 to the insert width W.sub.c.

[0126] The closed height is the height of the opening 22 (and/or opening 23) when the 3DRLM 14 is in the neutral state. In an embodiment, the insert shape 26 has a height, hereafter the insert height, that is (i) greater than or equal to the closed height, h1, of the sleeve 20 and (ii) is less than height 32 of the opening surface 28 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3. In a further embodiment, the product 24 has an insert height, h.sub.c, that is greater than the closed height, h1, of the opening 22 and/or the opening 23.

[0127] A portion of the 3DRLM 14 moves from a neutral state to a stretched state when the product 24 is inserted into the sleeve 20 as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 shows the laptop computer 24 fully residing in the sleeve 20. The 3DRLM 14 stretches so the width of the sleeve 20 expands from the closed width W1 to the insert width W.sub.c, in order to accommodate the product therein. The insert width W.sub.c is greater than the closed width, W1. The 3DRLM 14 in contact with the product 24 stretches around the inserted product, such that the 3DRLM 14 imparts an elastic and compressive contact on and around the laptop computer 24. In this way, the 3DRLM 14 intimately contacts, or otherwise imparts a squeezing force, around opposing sides, or around two sides, or around three sides, or around four sides, or around five sides, or around six sides of the product 24, (i.e., the laptop computer). The squeezing force of the stretched state 3DRLM 14 around the product 24 in the sleeve 20 enables the body to apply a restraining force, or a holding force, upon the product in the sleeve.

[0128] The opening may or may not return to the closed width once the product is inserted into the sleeve. In an embodiment, the opening 22 and the opening 23 each return to the closed width W1 once the product 24 is fully inserted into the sleeve 20, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0129] In an embodiment, the insert width W.sub.c is from 1.0, or 1.01, 1.05, or 1.07, or 1.10, or 1.15, or 1.2, to 1.3, or 1.4, or 1.5 times greater than the closed width, W1 (width measured in centimeters, cm). For example, the product can be a smartphone with a width (i.e., insert width) of 6.4 cm (2.5 inches), a length of 14.0 cm (5.5 inches), and a perimeter of 40.0 cm. The body has an opening with a closed width of 6.0 cm. The body also has a length greater than 14.0 cm in order to accommodate and fully receive the smartphone. When the smartphone is inserted into the closed width, the 3DRLM 14 of the body moves to a stretched state, and the width of the opening increases to the insert width of the smartphone, 6.4 cm. The insert width (6.4 cm) of the smartphone is 1.07 times greater than the closed width (6.0 cm) of the opening.

[0130] FIG. 3 shows the opening surface 28 has a width 30. In an embodiment, the insert width W.sub.c is from 0.4, or 0.5, or 0.6 to 0.7, or 0.8, or 0.9 times the length of the width 30 of the opening surface 28.

[0131] In an embodiment, the body is a prism with a regular polygonal shape. The body has a single, or one and only one, opening on a single (or one and only one) surface.

[0132] In an embodiment, the 3DRLM 14 forms a border area around a circumference of the product 24.

[0133] In an embodiment, the body 12 provides from 1.0 cm, or 2.0 cm, or 3.0 cm, or 4.0 cm, or 5.0 cm, or 6.0 cm, or 7.0 cm to 8.0 cm, or 9.0 cm, or 10.0 cm, or 11.0 cm, or 12.0 cm, or 13.0 cm, or 14.0 cm of 3DRLM 14 around each surface of the product 24, when the product is fully inserted into the pocket 20. In this way, the body is cushion around the product and protects product 24 from damage due to falls, drops, tips, and/or stacking of the packaging article 10.

[0134] FIGS. 6-8 show an embodiment of the present disclosure wherein a packaging article 110 is provided. The packaging article 110 includes a body 112 having a cylindrical shape, or a substantially cylindrical shape. The body 112 is composed of, or is otherwise formed from, a three-dimensional random loop material 114. The 3DRLM 114 can be any 3DRLM as previously disclosed herein. The 3DRLM 214 has loops 116 and fibers 118. The 3DRLM 114 is formed into a three dimensional shape of the body 112, in this embodiment, a cylinder.

[0135] The body 112 has a pocket 120. A pocket, as used herein, is an enclosure in the interior of the body, the pocket formed by the surrounding 3DRLM 14 for receiving, holding, and supporting an object within the body interior. The pocket has a single opening (or one and only one opening) for ingress and egress into/from the enclosure. The opening is located on an outer surface, or on an outermost surface, of the body 112.

[0136] In an embodiment, the pocket is a sleeve, whereby one of the sleeve ends has an opening and the opposing sleeve end is closed, or otherwise has no opening. The closed sleeve end is composed of 3DRLM and is part of the body.

[0137] The pocket 120 has a single opening 122 for ingress and egress into/from the pocket 120. In an embodiment, the opening 122 is located on a top outer surface of the body 112 as shown in FIGS. 6-8. The top outer surface is the opening surface 128.

[0138] The opening 122 has a closed width, W.sub.2. The product is a comestible, such as a bottle 124 containing a liquid, such as a liquid beverage, for example. The insert shape 126 of the bottle 124, from cross sectional view, is a circle. The insert width, Wd, of the insert shape 126 is the diameter of the circle, or the width (diameter) of the insert shape (circle). The insert width, Wd, is greater than the closed width, W2, and the insert width, Wd, is less than the width 130 of the opening surface 128.

[0139] A portion of the 3DRLM 114 surrounding the bottle 124 moves from a neutral state to a stretched state when the bottle 124 is inserted into the pocket 120. The body maintains its geometric shape of a cylinder when the bottle 124 is completely inserted into the pocket 120.

[0140] FIGS. 9-10 show an embodiment of the present disclosure wherein a packaging article 210 is provided. The packaging article 210 includes a body 212 having a regular geometric shape that is a rectangular prism. The body 212 is composed of, or is otherwise formed from, a three-dimensional random loop material 214. The 3DRLM 214 can be any 3DRLM as previously disclosed herein. The 3DRLM 214 is formed into a three dimensional shape to form the body 212. The body 212 has a plurality of pockets 220a, 220b, 220c, 220d, 220e, 220f.

[0141] Each pocket 220a-220f has a respective opening 222a-222f, that is a slit, for ingress and egress into/from the pockets 220a-220f. The openings 222a-222f are located on the same top outer surface of the body 212. The top surface is the opening surface 228.

[0142] Each opening 222a-222f has a respective closed width, W3. The product is a food product, such as an egg 224. The insert shape 226 for each egg, from cross sectional view, is a circle. The insert width, We, for each egg is the diameter of the circle, or the width (diameter) of the insert shape (circle). The insert width, We, is greater than the closed width, W3.

[0143] A portion of the 3DRLM 214 surrounding each egg 224 moves from a neutral state to a stretched state when the eggs 224 are inserted into respective pockets 120a-120f. The body 214 maintains its geometric shape of a rectangular prism when the eggs 224 are completely inserted into respective pockets 220a-22f.

[0144] When an egg is located in its respective pocket, the elastic nature of the 3DRLM 214 enables the 3DRLM 214 to compressively contact all, or substantially all, the outer surface of each egg, cushioning the entire surface of each egg and providing a holding force, or grip, on each egg. The elasticity of the 3DRLM 214 advantageously holds the eggs in place and reduces the risk of the eggs inadvertently falling from the packaging article 210. The elasticity of the 3DRLM 214 can be tailored to the product (eggs in this embodiment) by adjusting the polymeric composition used to form the 3DRLM. The polymeric composition of the 3DRLM can be selected such that the elasticity of the 3DRLM is sufficient to hold the egg in the pocket with a gentle compressive force that avoids damaging or cracking the egg.

[0145] In an embodiment, the body is a rectangular prism with the openings 220a-220f on a single surface (i.e., opening surface 228) of the rectangular prism.

[0146] In an embodiment, FIGS. 9-10 show the packaging article includes a container 230. The container 230 includes a top wall 231, a bottom wall 232 and four sidewalls 234. The walls 231-234 form a compartment 236. The top wall 231 and/or the bottom wall 232 may or may not be attached to one or more sidewalls. For example, the top wall 231 may be a discrete stand-alone component, that is placed on the sidewalls, forming a closed compartment (along with the bottom wall). In an embodiment, the top wall 231 is attached by way of a hinge to one of the sidewalls (i.e., a fold between the top wall and the sidewall).

[0147] FIGS. 9-10 show body 214 (with the product 224 (eggs)) placed in the compartment 236. The container 230 is an outer container and provides additional protection to the product. Nonlimiting examples of suitable material for the container 230 include paper product (paper, cardboard), polymeric material, wood, metal, and any combination thereof.

[0148] In an embodiment, the packaging article 210 passes the drop test and/or the vibration test as measured in accordance with International Safe Transit Association (ISTA) 3A. In a further embodiment, the product of the packaging article is a laptop computer and the packaging article passes the drop test and/or the vibration test as measured in accordance ISTA 3A.

[0149] ISTA Test procedure 3A is for packaged-products weighing 150 lb. (70 kg) or less, and is a general simulation test for individual packaged-products shipped through a parcel delivery system. The 3A test is appropriate for four different types of packages commonly distributed as individual packages, either by air or ground. The types include standard, small, flat and elongated packages. The 3A test includes an optional test combining Random Vibration under Low Pressure (simulated high altitude). This tests the container's (whether primary package of transport package) ability to hold a seal of closure and the retention of contents (liquid, powder or gas) without leaking.

[0150] STANDARD packaged-products are defined as any packaged-product that does not meet any of the definitions below for a small, flat, or elongated packaged-product. A standard packaged-product may be packages such as traditional fiberboard cartons, as well as plastic wooden or cylindrical containers.

[0151] SMALL packaged-products are defined as any packaged-product where the: volume is less than 13,000 cm3 (800 in.sup.3), longest dimension is 350 mm (14 in) or less, and weight is 4.5 kg (10 lb) or less.

[0152] FLAT packaged-products are defined as any packaged-product where the shortest dimension is 200 mm (8 in) or less, next longest dimension is four (4) or more times larger than the shortest dimension, and volume is 13,000 cm.sup.3 (800 in.sup.3) or greater.

[0153] ELONGATED packaged-products are defined as any packaged-product where the longest dimension is 900 mm (36 in) or greater, and both of the packages other dimensions are each 2 percent or less of that of the longest dimension.

Test Sequence STANDARD

[0154]

TABLE-US-00001 For ISTA Sequence # Test Category Test Type Certification 1 Atmospheric Temperature Required Preconditioning TEST and Humidity BLOCK 1 2 Atmospheric Controlled Optional Conditioning TEST Temperature BLOCK 1 and Humidity 3 Shock TEST BLOCK 3 Drop Required 4 Vibration TEST BLOCKS Random Required 4 & 7 for Standard TEST Vibration BLOCKS 5 & 7 for Pails Under Low And Short Cylinders Pressure 5 Vibration TEST BLOCKS Random Optional 2 & 8 Vibration Under Low Pressure 6 Shock TEST BLOCK 9 Drop Required

Test Sequence SMALL

[0155]

TABLE-US-00002 For ISTA Sequence # Test Category Test Type Certification 1 Atmospheric Temperature Required Preconditioning TEST and Humidity BLOCK 1 2 Atmospheric Controlled Optional Preconditioning TEST Temperature BLOCK 1 and Humidity 3 Shock TEST BLOCK 3 Drop Required 4 Vibration TEST BLOCKS Random with Required 6 & 7 and without Top Load 5 Vibration TEST BLOCKS Random Optional 2 & 8 Vibration Under Low Pressure 6 Shock TEST BLOCK 9 Drop Required

Test Sequence FLAT

[0156]

TABLE-US-00003 For ISTA Sequence # Test Category Test Type Certification 1 Atmospheric Temperature Required Preconditioning TEST and Humidity BLOCK 1 2 Atmospheric Controlled Optional Conditioning TEST Temperature BLOCK 1 and Humidity 3 Shock TEST BLOCK 3 Drop Required 4 Vibration TEST BLOCKS Random with Required 4 & 7 and without Top Load 5 Vibration TEST BLOCKS Random Optional 2 & 6 Vibration Under Low Pressure 6 Shock TEST BLOCK 9 Drop Required 7 Shock TEST BLOCK 10 Rotational Required Edge Drop 8 Shock TEST BLOCK 11 Full Rotational Required Flat Drop 9 Shock TEST BLOCK 12 Concentration Required Impact

Test Sequence ELONGATED

[0157]

TABLE-US-00004 For ISTA Sequence # Test Category Test Type Certification 1 Atmospheric Temperature Required Preconditioning TEST and Humidity BLOCK 1 2 Atmospheric Controlled Optional Conditioning TEST Temperature BLOCK 1 and Humidity 3 Shock TEST BLOCK 3 Drop Required 4 Vibration TEST BLOCKS Random with Required 4 & 7 and without Top Load 5 Vibration TEST BLOCKS Random Optional 2 & 8 Vibration Under Low Pressure 6 Shock TEST BLOCK 9 Drop Required 7 Shock TEST BLOCK 10 Rotational Required Edge Drop 8 Shock TEST BLOCK 11 Full Rotational Required Flat Drop 9 Shock TEST BLOCK 13 Bridge Impact Required

[0158] The present disclosure provides another packaging article. FIGS. 11-12 show an embodiment wherein packaging article 310 includes a container 312. The container 312 includes a top wall 320, a bottom wall 322, and sidewalls 324 extending between the top wall and the bottom wall. The walls 320-324 form a compartment 326. The container 312 has four sidewalls 324 shown in FIGS. 11-12.

[0159] The top wall 320 and/or the bottom wall 322 may or may not be attached to one or more sidewalls. For example, the top wall 320 may be a discrete stand-alone component, that is placed on the sidewalls, forming a closed compartment (along with the bottom wall). In an embodiment, the top wall 320 is attached by way of a hinge to one of the sidewalls (i.e., a fold between the top wall and the sidewall) as shown in FIG. 11.

[0160] The top wall and/or the bottom wall 320, 322 may comprise one, two, or more flaps attached to respective one, two, or more sidewalls.

[0161] The container 312 can be openable from the top wall, the bottom wall, or a sidewall. In an embodiment, the container 12 is openable by way of the top wall.

[0162] The walls 320-324 are made of a rigid material. Nonlimiting examples of suitable material for the walls include cardboard, polymeric material, metal, wood, fiberglass, and any combination thereof. In an embodiment, container 312 has top/bottom walls and four sidewalls, the walls 320-324 are made of a corrugated cardboard.

[0163] In an embodiment, the container 312 is selected from a corrugated cardboard shipping box (such as Federal Express (FedEx) or United Parcel Service (UPS) corrugated cardboard shipping box), or a roll end lock front container or a RELF container. The RELF container may or may not include dust flaps.

[0164] The container 312 is openable and closable between an open configuration and a closed configuration. An open configuration is an arrangement of the walls which allows access to the compartment. A closed configuration is an arrangement of the walls preventing, or otherwise denying, access to the compartment. When the container 312 is in the closed configuration, the walls form a completely enclosed compartment. For example, FIG. 11 shows the container 312 in an open configuration with top wall retracted, permitting access to the compartment 326. FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of container 312 in the closed configuration.

[0165] The packaging article 310 includes at least two bodies, each body being a geometric shape that is an endcap 313, 315. An endcap, as used herein, is a prism of 3DRLM 314 having a pocket and a surface with an opening for the pocket. The endcap is dimensioned to have opposing sides that extend and contact opposing sidewalls of the container when the endcap is placed in the compartment, while maintaining accessibility to the pocket for insertion of the product.

[0166] Each endcap 313,315 is composed of a three-dimensional random loop material (3DRLM) 314 composed of an olefin-based polymer as disclosed above. Each endcap 313, 315 has a respective pocket 321a, 321b in an interior portion of the body. Each pocket 321a, 321b has a respective opening 323a, 323b. Each opening 323a, 323b is located on a respective opening surface 328a, 328b. Each opening 323a, 323b has a closed width 330a, 330b. A product 325 (such as a laptop computer in FIGS. 11-12, for example) has opposing ends 332a, 332b. In an embodiment, endcap 313 has the same, or substantially the same, size and shape of endcap 315. Each endcap 313, 315 is made of the 3DRLM as disclosed above.

[0167] Each product end 332a, 332b has an insert shape. In FIGS. 11-12, the insert shape of for each product end 332a, 332b of the laptop computer is a rectangle. The insert width 334a, 334b for respective product ends 332a, 332b (rectangle) of the laptop computer is greater than the respective pocket closed widths 330a, 330b.

[0168] Endcaps 313, 315 are placed around the product 325 by inserting the product ends 332a, 332b of the laptop computer (product 325) into respective pocket openings 323a, 323b. For each endcap 313, 315, a portion of (or all of) the 3DRLM 314 moves from a neutral state to a stretched state when the product ends 332a, 332b are inserted into respective pocket openings 323a, 323b.

[0169] The endcap-product-endcap assembly is subsequently placed into the compartment 326. In the compartment 326, endcap 313 contacts the front sidewall and extends to, and contacts, the opposing sidewall, namely the rear sidewall. Similarly, endcap 315 contacts the front sidewall and extends to, and contacts, the opposing rear sidewall. In the compartment 326, the endcaps 313, 315 are spaced apart from each other and are in parallel relation to each other (or in substantially parallel relation to each other). In other words, the endcaps 313, 315 are parallel to, and spaced apart from, each other in the compartment 326.

[0170] FIGS. 11-12 show the endcaps 313, 315 oppose each other when in the compartment 326 so that opening 323a of the endcap 313 opposes, or otherwise faces, the opening 323b of endcap 315.

[0171] In an embodiment, the endcap-product-endcap assembly has a height that is greater than the depth of the compartment 326. When the container 312 is in the closed configuration, the walls (top/bottom walls 320,322 in particular) compress the 3DRLM 314 of each endcap. The endcaps 313, 315 support the product 325, such that the product 325 (laptop computer) does not contact any wall of the container 312. FIG. 12 shows the product 325 (laptop computer) extending from endcap 313 to endcap 315, the product 325 (laptop computer) suspended below the top wall 320, and product 325 also suspended above the bottom wall 322. The 3DRLM 314 at the closed end of each endcap 313, 315 prevents the product ends 332a, 332b from contacting any of the walls. When the container 312 is in the closed configuration, the 3DRLM 314 of each endcap 313, 315 simultaneously experiences both (i) a stretched state (vis--vis product end insertion into the pocket) and a compressed state (compressive force imparted onto the 3DRLM by the walls).

[0172] In an embodiment, the packaging article 310 passes the drop test and/or the vibration test as measured in accordance with ISTA 3A. In a further embodiment, the product of the packaging article is a laptop computer and the packaging article passes the drop test and/or the vibration test as measured in accordance with ISTA 3A.

[0173] The present packaging article 10, 110, 210, 310 each advantageously provides one, some, or all of the following features (1)-(5) provided below:

[0174] (1) Energy managementthe body (bodies) composed of 3DRLM provides resistance and protects the product from impact, shock, vibration, or compression resistance typically experienced by a packaging article during handling and shipping via truck, rail, air, etc. The present packaging article provides ease-of-use to package while simultaneously providing higher drop/impact and/or vibration resistance, yielding a conformed energy management packaging system.

[0175] (2) Conformabilityas the product is introduced into the opening, the body of 3DRLM stretches and conforms around the product.

[0176] (3) Breathable and Hygenicthe body composed of 3DRLM provides the packaging article with enhanced breathability, which is advantageous for products such as fresh produce which may contain excess moisture. Because of 3DRLM's open loop structure, the body does not retain water and therefore the packaging article reduces, or eliminates the risk of bacterial/fungal/mold growth within the packaging article. Low or no risk of contamination vis--vis the packaging is particularly beneficial when the product is a comestible such as fresh produce, for example.

[0177] (4) Washablethe body is readily washable and quickly drains and dries after washing or wetting. In addition, moisture or wetness does not detract from the 3DRM's ability to cushion and protect the product. The body composed of 3DRLM operates in wet or dry conditions without loss of performance.

[0178] (5) ReusableThe body composed of 3DRLM is reusable and/or recyclable which is advantageous over packaging material composed of polyurethane foam, crosslinked foams, and/or polystyrene foams, for example.

[0179] By way of example, and not limitation, examples of the present disclosure are provided.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

[0180] Ends (product ends) of a laptop computer (laptop) are inserted into pockets of two respective endcaps composed of 3DRLM, as shown in FIGS. 11-12. 3DRLM has an apparent density of 0.3 g/cc and is formed from a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). The laptop ends stretch each pocket closed width to the insert width of each respective laptop end. The endcap-laptop-endcap assembly is placed in a FedEx Large Box having inside dimensions 17.8812.383 (45.40 cm31.43 cm7.62 cm). The endcap-laptop-endcap assembly has a height that is greater than the height of the FedEx Large Box, i.e., a height greater than 7.62 cm. The FedEx Large Box is sealed closed, compressing the 3DRLM of each endcap and forming the packaging article. The sealed FedEx Large Box is subsequently subjected to the drop test protocol and the vibration test protocol in accordance with ISTA 3A. After the ISTA 3A testing the FedEx Large Box is opened the laptop computer is removed and the endcaps removed from the laptop. Manual inspection finds no visual damage to the laptop. The laptop is powered on and tested for operational damage and defects. The laptop performs all normal and expected and functions as does the same type of laptop that is not subjected to the ISTA 3A testing protocol. With these results and delivery of a fully operational laptop, the packaging article is certified as passing (i) the ISTA 3A drop test and (ii) the ISTA 3A vibration test.

[0181] It is specifically intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the embodiments and illustrations contained herein, but include modified forms of those embodiments including portions of the embodiments and combinations of elements of different embodiments as come with the scope of the following claims