Gravity structure intended for a marine civil-engineering construction and associated manufacturing method

Abstract

The subject matter of the invention is a gravity structure intended for a marine civil-engineering construction, comprising a slab configured so as to be placed on a sea bed and secured to a shaft directed in a principal direction substantially orthogonal to said slab, characterized in that the gravity structure comprises at least one anchoring tie rod extending in said shaft and in the slab, the gravity structure being configured so that, in a service position of the gravity structure, said at least one anchoring tie rod is anchored in the sea bed.

Claims

1. A gravity structure intended for a marine civil-engineering construction, comprising: a slab configured so as to be placed on a sea bed and secured to a shaft directed in a principal direction substantially orthogonal to said slab, wherein the gravity structure comprises at least one anchoring tie rod extending in said shaft and in the slab, the gravity structure being configured so that, in a service position of the gravity structure, said at least one anchoring tie rod is anchored in the sea bed, and wherein the shaft comprises an end opposite to the slab, said at least one anchoring tie rod extending from the end opposite to the slab in the shaft, and at least one tube for guiding said at least one anchoring tie rod and extending from the end opposite to the slab into the slab; and wherein the shaft is hollow and comprises a column forming a top part of the shaft and a base forming a bottom part of the shaft, and each guide tube is disposed in a longitudinal wall of the column and in open air in the base.

2. The gravity structure according to claim 1, comprising a removable platform.

3. The gravity structure according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of anchoring tie rods.

4. A method for installing a gravity structure intended for a marine civil-engineering construction, using a slab configured so as to be placed on a sea bed and secured to a shaft directed in a principal direction orthogonal to said slab, the installing method comprising: a step of placing at least one anchoring tie rod so that said at least one tie rod extends in the shaft and in the slab, the gravity structure being configured so that, in a service position, the anchoring tie rod is anchored in the sea bed, the step of placing said at least one anchoring tie rod being preceded by a step of placing at least one tube for guiding said at least one anchoring tie rod extending from an end of the shaft opposite to the slab, as far as the slab; and wherein the shaft is hollow and comprises a column forming a top part of the shaft and a base forming a bottom part of the shaft, and each guide tube is disposed in a longitudinal wall of the column and in open air in the base.

5. The installing method according to claim 4 comprising: a step prior to the steps of placing the tie rod, comprising a step installing the slab on a sea bed, the shaft being erected in a vertical position.

6. The installing method according to claim 4, comprising a step of filling with water an immersed internal part of the gravity structure.

7. The installing method according to claim 4, in which the step of placing said at least one anchoring tie rod comprises a step of installing a removable platform at an end of the shaft opposite to the slab.

8. The installing method according to claim 7, in which the step of placing said at least one anchoring tie rod comprises a step of tensioning said at least one anchoring tie rod performed at a top anchoring.

9. The installing method according to claim 4, comprising a step of drilling with a drilling tool disposed in said at least one guide tube, during which the drilling tool hollows out a hole in the sea bed, and then the tie rod is introduced into the guide tube and into the drilled hole.

10. The installing method according to claim 7, in which the step of placing said at least one anchoring tie rod comprises a step of anchoring said at least one anchoring tie rod during which the drilling hole is the subject of an injection of grout.

Description

(1) Other features and advantages of the invention will also emerge from a reading of the following description. The latter is purely illustrative and must be read with regard to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a gravity structure according to the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates the gravity structure of FIG. 1 in an application to an offshore wind turbine;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates the gravity structure of FIG. 1 in an application to a cable-stayed bridge;

(5) FIGS. 4a to 4e illustrate a method for manufacturing a gravity structure of FIG. 1; and

(6) FIG. 5 is a view in cross section of a detail of FIG. 1.

(7) Gravity Structure

(8) As can be seen in FIG. 1, a gravity structure 1, intended for a marine civil-engineering construction, comprises a slab 2 configured so as to be placed on a sea bed S and secured to a shaft 3 directed in a principal direction substantially orthogonal to the slab 2.

(9) In FIG. 1, the gravity structure 1 is illustrated in a position corresponding to a construction phase before installation of the wind turbine, in which the gravity structure is resting on the sea bed S that has optionally been prepared with a view to the installation of the gravity structure 1 by preliminary operations known to persons skilled in the art.

(10) Once installed, the slab 2 is in contact with the bed S while the shaft 3 is erected vertically.

(11) As can be seen in FIG. 1, the shaft 3 comprises a column 4 forming the top part of the shaft 3 and a base 5 forming the bottom part of the shaft 3.

(12) The column 4 has a roughly tubular shape.

(13) The base 5 has a roughly conical shape that splays from the mast 4 as far as the slab 2.

(14) The column 4 and the base 5 are hollow.

(15) As can be seen in FIG. 1, the base 5 is completely immersed while the column 4 is partially immersed.

(16) The slab 2 comprises a part 6 internal to the base 5 extended by an external part 7.

(17) The slab 2 has a roughly circular shape with a substantially constant thickness under the base 5 and may have a radial slope or camber (bevel) on its external part 7.

(18) The gravity structure 1 is advantageously temporally provided, as will be explained below, with a removable platform 8 disposed at a top end 9 of the column 4.

(19) In other words, the slab 2 constitutes the bottom end of the gravity structure 1 while the platform 8 is disposed at a top end 9 of the gravity structure 1.

(20) The gravity structure 1 comprises at least one anchoring tie rod 10 extending in the shaft 3 and in the slab 2.

(21) In the figures, two anchoring tie rods 10 are shown.

(22) Nevertheless, the invention is not limited to this number, and it can of course be envisaged providing the structure 1 with a single anchoring tie rod or on the contrary providing the structure 1 with a plurality of tie rods distributed over the circumference of the column.

(23) The gravity structure 1 is configured so that each of the anchoring tie rods 10 is anchored in the sea bed S.

(24) As can be seen in FIG. 1, the anchoring tie rods 10 extend from the platform 8 into the shaft 3 and the slab 2.

(25) In other words, one 11 of the ends 11, 12 of the anchoring tie rods 10, otherwise referred to as top and bottom anchorings, is disposed in the top end 9.

(26) As can be seen in FIG. 1, the top anchoring 11 of each tie rod 10 is placed in the immediate vicinity of the top face of the shaft 3.

(27) The other end 12 is disposed in the sea bed S.

(28) Each anchoring tie rod 10 is tensioned between its ends 11, 12, which provides vertical prestressing of the shaft 3.

(29) As can be seen in FIG. 1, the gravity structure 1 comprises two guide tubes 13, each of the tubes 13 being associated with one of the tie rods 10.

(30) In other words, each tie rod 10 extends in a guide tube 13 from the top end 9 into the slab 2.

(31) Advantageously, each guide tube 13 protects the associated anchoring tie rod 10.

(32) As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5, each guide tube 13 is disposed in a longitudinal wall 14 of the column 4 and in open air in the conical base 5.

(33) The guide tubes guide the fitting in of the anchoring tie rods 10 as well as the movement of a drill, as will be explained below.

(34) As can be seen more particularly in FIG. 5, an attachment element 15, comprising an anchoring piece 16, for example of the trumpet type, and a cap 17 covering an anchoring block (not shown). The gravity structure 1 also comprises a specific connection device disposed in a surface 18 of the slab 15 forming an interface with the sea bed S.

(35) The gravity structure 1 is illustrated in an application to an offshore wind turbine in FIG. 2 and in an application to a bridge in FIG. 3.

(36) In the application in FIG. 2, the platform 8 has been removed before anchoring of a mast 20 carrying a nacelle 21 and blades 22 at the head of the column 4.

(37) FIG. 5 illustrates at reference 19 elements for securing the mast 20 to the gravity structure 1.

(38) In the application in FIG. 3, the platforms 8 have been removed before the towers 24 and a deck 23 are erected on the top ends 9 of the gravity structures 1.

(39) Manufacturing Method

(40) As can be seen in FIG. 4a, a method for manufacturing the gravity structure 1 comprises a step of installing the substructure comprising the shaft 3 and the slab 2, but not the anchoring tie rods 10.

(41) During this step, the slab 2 is placed on the previously prepared sea bed S while the shaft 3 is erected substantially vertically.

(42) Filling the shaft 3 with water, concomitantly with the placing of the substructure, enables the substructure to be immersed gradually until the slab 2 is in contact with the sea bed S.

(43) Then, as illustrated in FIGS. 4b and 4c, the manufacturing method comprises a step of installing the platform 8 at the top end 8 of the shaft 3. This step is preferably carried out by a crane ship.

(44) Once the platform 8 is in place, any equipment E necessary for installing the tie rods is brought thereto.

(45) Advantageously, in a prior step, not illustrated, that is to say before the step of installing the slab 2 on the sea bed S, each guide tube is fitted in the shaft 3 when the substructure 1 is constructed, before it is transported to the installation site.

(46) As can be seen in FIG. 4d, the manufacturing method next comprises a step of placing each anchoring tie rod 10 in the associated guide tube 13.

(47) To do this, the method comprises a step of drilling with a drilling tool brought into contact with the sea bed S after being moved in each guide tube 13.

(48) During this step, the drilling tool hollows out a hole T in the sea bed S.

(49) Next, the drilling tool is extracted from the guide tube 13; the anchoring tie rod 10 is then introduced into the associated guide tube 13 and then into the drilled hole T.

(50) Preferably, the drilling step comprises a preliminary step of drilling a preliminary hole facilitated by the specific connection device provided at the interface of the slab and sea bed, in accordance with a method known to persons skilled in the art.

(51) Next the method comprises a step of anchoring each anchoring tie rod 10 in the associated drilling hole T by the injection of grout around the anchoring tie rod 10 in the drilling hole T.

(52) The manufacturing method also comprises a tensioning step performed at the top anchoring 11, on the platform 8, advantageously by means of a long-travel jack, because of the great free length of each anchoring tie rod 10.

(53) After installation and tensioning of the anchoring tie rods 10, the platform 8 is demobilised, optionally to another gravity structure, as can be seen in FIG. 4e.

(54) As already mentioned, the invention provides a prestressing that can be associated in parallel with prestressing cables equipping the structure 1 and known to persons skilled in the art, at the same time as it allows a reduction in the dimensions and weight of the gravity structure.