MULTI-FUNCTIONAL FLAP USED AS A BACK-FLOW FLAP

Abstract

The invention relates to a device of a safety system and/or resource and energy-efficiency improvement system for influencing the flow around an aero- or hydrodynamic body, preferably an aerofoil, according to the principle of a back-flow flap, characterized in that: said device, together with the aero- or hydrodynamic body, in particular aerofoil, form at least a partial shift of the delimitation of the flap region by means of the back-flow flap and the delimiting component thereof when the back-flow flap is partially and/or completely raised, thus influencing the trailing edge separation vortex/vortices and/or the flap separation vortex/vortices; and in that the delimitation of the flap region shifts completely up to or beyond the profile trailing edge, or shifts only to a section in front of the profile trailing edge. The delimitation component is movably connected to the aerofoil by means of a basic element and is preferably permanently secured and/or releasably secured for maintenance purposes, thus ensuring a long service life for the rotor blade and/or wind turbine and/or flap system, preferably >5 years, particularly preferably >10 years, and most particularly preferably >=20 years, and/or thus optionally allowing simple removal/replacement.

Claims

1-75. (canceled)

76. A device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising a passive or active flap system for improving the output, comprising a base element which reinforces the rotor blade, and at least one flap attached thereto, wherein the base element comprises a support face on the rotor blade, and wherein the flap is attached to the base element so as to be movable and is formed as a passive back-flow flap.

77. The device according to claim 76, wherein the movable attachment of the flap to the base element is formed using a joint made of resilient material, in particular in the form of film, textiles, in particular textiles comprising glass fibres or aramid fibres, one or more adhesive strips, in particular textile-reinforced or fibre-reinforced adhesive strips, or a hook and loop fastener, or wherein a support face of the back-flow flap is provided as base element and the support face forms 5% of the back-flow flap area upwards, in particular 10% of the back-flow flap area upwards, more particularly 20% of the back-flow flap area upwards, preferably 30% of the back-flow flap area upwards.

78. The device according to claim 76, wherein means for increasing the rigidity of the flap are provided, in particular a reinforcing, embossed, curved or honeycomb structure, in such a way that at least part of the flap has a high rigidity in the form of a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 50 GPa and/or a tensile strength of at least 0.4 GPa.

79. The device according to claim 78, wherein the flap is reinforced by surface structures which provide a microstatic system, in particular lased, pressed, embossed, punched, printed, etched, or printed surface structures, and/or surface structures of the flap comprise ducts, in particular formed by embossments or punched parts, which positively influence the hysteresis of raising the back-flow flap.

80. The device according to claim 76, wherein means for limiting the excursion of the flap are provided and limit an opening angle of the flap of <90 degrees, preferably <75 degrees, particularly preferably <60 degrees, and/or the flap comprises at least one stop means for limiting a maximum deflection, in particular formed as a Kevlar string, wire, strips, lever, portion of a lift element of the flap itself, lamella, hose, grid, or bellows, preferably lateral bellows.

81. The device according to claim 76, wherein the base element is formed having at least one triangular or Z-shaped or V-shaped or leading-edge-shaped or polygonal base element portion in order to form a rotor blade trailing edge reinforcement, and/or the base element is designed to provide protection from external influences, in particular is provided as an antiadhesive film or having an antiadhesive coating, preferably at the trailing edge and/or at the leading edge of the rotor blade, and/or wherein the base element is provided at particular portions of the rotor blade or particular points on blade segments for attaching vortex generators and/or other base elements and/or flaps and/or lightning protection.

82. The device according to claim 76, wherein the base element comprises a noise-reducing formation of a flexibly and/or rigidly formed trailing edge, in particular toothed, jagged, bristly, perforated, slitted, thread-shaped, bird-feather-shaped, finger-shaped or spiral-shaped, and/or wherein the flap consists of at least one lift element which consists of at least one curved or even multiply curved plate and comprises a noise-reducing formation of a flexibly and/or rigidly formed trailing edge, in particular toothed, jagged, bristly, perforated, slitted, thread-shaped, bird-feather-shaped, finger-shaped or spiral-shaped.

83. The device according to claim 76, wherein the passive or active flap system is formed so as to be retrofittable and/or able to be removed again, and is attached to the base element in particular by adhesive connection having a large adhesive area, high-performance hook and loop fastener, wing scissors using gripping and/or frictional forces, rivet connection, screw connection, scissor connection, suspension connection, clamp connection or plug-in connection, preferably in such a way that the rotor blade structure remains statically unimpaired.

84. The device according to claim 76, wherein the rotor element comprises openings which can be opened and closed by the flap and/or lift element, between an upper face that guides overpressure and a lower face that guides underpressure, which openings can be used for lift reduction and/or for braking, at least in part by pressure compensation.

85. The device according to claim 76, wherein the flap consists of a flexible and/or resilient thin material, in particular metal or plastics material, and/or is reinforced by integrated textile reinforcing fibres, such as GFRP, CFRP, Kevlar, basalt or aramid fibres.

86. The device according to claim 85, wherein at low angles of attack the film leads to the profile curving, in particular the film curving up with slight fluttering, in the region of the back-flow flap, and the back-flow flap rises only when the angle of attack increases further in a known manner, for which purpose the flexible and/or resilient thin material consists in particular of a perforated and/or slitted film, preferably of plastics material, which has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.2 mm, and has at least 5, preferably at least 10 holes and/or slits per cm.sup.2, particularly preferably at least 20 holes per cm.sup.2.

87. The device according to claim 85, wherein at least one oscillation attenuation element is provided for reducing the loads on the rotor blade structure and optionally hub structure, which element is provided in the form of at least one active and/or passive flap and reacts by mass compensation and/or pneumatically and/or hydraulically and/or magnetorheologically and has an attenuating effect by way of at least one passive and/or active lift element.

88. The device according to claim 85, wherein the back-flow flap has a rectangular or parallelogram outer contour which is in particular 2-dimensionally or 3-dimensionally curved.

89. The use of a perforated or slitted film as a back-flow flap, in particular as a passive back-flow flap, in particular during use in the field of aviation and/or wind energy and/or turbines, preferably in a device according to claim 86, wherein at low angles of attack the film leads to the profile curving, in particular the film curving up with slight fluttering, in the region of the back-flow flap, and the back-flow flap rises only when the angle of attack increases further in a known manner.

90. A method for operating a backflow flap, in particular a passive back-flow flap, formed using a perforated or slitted film, in particular during use in the field of aviation and/or wind energy and/or turbines, preferably in a device according to claim 86, wherein at low angles of attack the film leads to the profile curving, in particular the film curving up with slight fluttering, in the region of the back-flow flap, and the back-flow flap rises only when the angle of attack increases further in a known manner.

Description

[0266] The invention is described in the following by way of examples and drawings, which show the following:

[0267] FIG. 1:

[0268] Wind turbine potentials for improvement

[0269] Wind turbine potential for improvement: A=low wind of V.sub.StartNewV.sub.start

[0270] Wind turbine potential for improvement: B=low wind of V.sub.startV.sub.Nominal

[0271] Wind turbine potential for improvement: C=medium wind of V.sub.NominalV.sub.MaxNormal

[0272] Wind turbine potential for improvement: D=high wind of V.sub.MaxNormalV.sub.max35m

[0273] FIG. 2:

[0274] Model wing a: with separated flow; b: the same but with a flap

[0275] FIG. 3:

[0276] Simulated flow relationships on an aerofoil comprising a back-flow flap

[0277] FIG. 4: [0278] a) Wing profile comprising raised triangular back-flow flap (8) having complete shift of the flap region boundary (21) [0279] b) Wing profile comprising raised arc-shaped back-flow flap (8) having complete shift of the flap region boundary [0280] c) Wing profile comprising raised parallelogram back-flow flap (8) having complete shift of the flap region boundary

[0281] FIG. 5: [0282] a) Wing profile comprising raised triangular back-flow flap (8) having partial shift of the flap region boundary (21) [0283] b) Wing profile comprising raised arc-shaped back-flow flap (8) having partial shift of the flap region boundary (21) [0284] c) Wing profile comprising raised parallelogram back-flow flap (8) having partial shift of the flap region boundary (21)

[0285] FIG. 6: [0286] a) Wing profile comprising closed triangular back-flow flap (8) having complete shift of the flap region boundary (21) [0287] b) Wing profile comprising closed arc-shaped back-flow flap (8) having complete shift of the flap region boundary (21) [0288] c) Wing profile comprising closed parallelogram back-flow flap (8) having complete shift of the flap region boundary (21)

[0289] FIG. 7:

[0290] Combination of a plurality of back-flow flaps

[0291] FIG. 8:

[0292] Combination of a plurality of back-flow flaps with actuator

[0293] FIG. 9

[0294] Prior art back-flow flap (4) combined with a boundary component (5) in the form for example of a balloon or hose or cushion (13)

[0295] FIG. 10:

[0296] Triangular back-flow flap (8) which has for example a hose (13) incorporated as an active actuator

[0297] FIG. 11

[0298] Triangular back-flow flap (8) which is completely closed in the three-dimensional configuration thereof so as to be filled with for example air via a fluid/gas connection (18)

[0299] FIG. 12

[0300] Parallelogram back-flow flap (8) which is completely closed for example in the three-dimensional configuration thereof so as to be filled with for example air via a fluid/gas connection (18)

[0301] FIG. 13:

[0302] Active back-flow flap (10) which is merely formed by a closed hose pressed flat

[0303] FIG. 14:

[0304] Active back-flow flap (8, 9, 10) for improving the braking effect comprising a fluid/gas connection (18) between the upper wing face and the lower wing face

[0305] FIG. 15:

[0306] Example arrangements/positions of the passive and/or active back-flow flaps (4, 8, 9, 10)

[0307] FIG. 16:

[0308] Active parallelogram back-flow flap (10) on the upper wing face, for improvement comprising a noise-reducing lift element (25) comprising a base element

[0309] FIG. 17:

[0310] Active parallelogram back-flow flap (10) on the upper and lower wing face having an integrated hose (13), for improvement comprising a noise-reducing base element (25, 23)

[0311] FIG. 18:

[0312] Active parallelogram back-flow flap (10) on the lower wing face and simplest possible variant comprising a hose (8) and combined with prior art back-flow flap (4) on the upper wing face, comprising a noise-reducing base element (25, 23)

[0313] FIG. 19:

[0314] Passive and active triangular back-flow flap (8) comprising an oscillation attenuation system based on mass inertia on the upper wing face (only in one direction), comprising V-shaped base elements (23)

[0315] FIG. 20

[0316] Passive and active parallelogram back-flow flap (8) protruding beyond the trailing profile edge comprising an oscillation attenuation system based on mass inertia on the upper wing face (in both directions), comprising base elements (23)

[0317] FIG. 21

[0318] Active parallelogram back-flow flap (10) on a rotatably mounted wing or wing part comprising an oscillation attenuation system based on mass inertia on the upper wing face (only in one direction), comprising base elements (23)

[0319] FIG. 22:

[0320] End piece of a folded hose using the example of the base/end piece of a sachet

[0321] FIG. 23:

[0322] End piece of an unfolded hose using the example of a the base/end piece of a sachet

[0323] FIG. 24:

[0324] End piece of a folded hose using the example of the base/end piece of a foldable drink container comprising a curved base

[0325] FIG. 25:

[0326] End piece of an unfolded hose using the example of the base/end piece of a foldable drink container comprising a curved base

[0327] For a Multifunctional Actuator

[0328] The invention is described in the following by way of examples and drawings, which show the following:

[0329] FIG. 1:

[0330] An actuator (2) according to the invention in the folded state in the rest position

[0331] FIG. 2

[0332] An actuator (2) according to the invention in the unfolded state in the end position/working position

[0333] FIG. 28:

[0334] An actuator (2) according to the invention comprising an attached lifting/sliding device in the folded state in the rest position

[0335] FIG. 29:

[0336] An actuator (2) according to the invention comprising an attached lifting/sliding device in the unfolded state in the end position/working position

[0337] FIG. 30:

[0338] An actuator (2) according to the invention comprising an attached barrier device/flood protection device in the folded state in the rest position

[0339] FIG. 31:

[0340] An actuator (2) according to the invention comprising an attached barrier device/flood protection device in the unfolded state in the end position/working position

[0341] FIG. 32:

[0342] An actuator (2) according to the invention comprising an attached safety device/safety rescue tunnel device in the folded state in the rest position

[0343] FIG. 33:

[0344] An actuator (2) according to the invention comprising an attached safety device/safety rescue tunnel device in the unfolded state in the end position/working position

[0345] FIG. 34:

[0346] A double actuator (2) according to the invention, comprising a divided pressure region and thus two pressure regions for a rotational movement 180 degrees

[0347] FIG. 35:

[0348] A double actuator (2) according to the invention comprising two pressure regions for a rotational movement 180 degrees

[0349] FIG. 36:

[0350] A very simple unfolded actuator (2) according to the invention comprising only one face/wall and a joint having a rotational movement 90 degrees

[0351] FIG. 37

[0352] A very simple unfolded actuator (2) according to the invention comprising two faces/walls and a joint having a rotational movement 90 degrees and an excursion limitation

[0353] FIG. 38 A parallelogram actuator according to the invention for a finger actuator for 2 finger members along with actuation details

[0354] FIG. 39:

[0355] A plurality (3) of parallelogram actuators according to the invention for a finger actuator for 4 finger members in a stretched and bent arrangement

[0356] FIG. 40:

[0357] A parallelogram according to the invention in combination with a pneumatic cylinder for 2 finger members in a bent arrangement along with actuation details

[0358] FIG. 41:

[0359] Model of the parallelogram according to the invention in combination with a pneumatic cylinder (comprising a piston rod) for 2 finger members in a bent arrangement along with actuation details

[0360] FIG. 42:

[0361] Model of the parallelogram according to the invention in combination with a pneumatic cylinder (without a piston rod) for 2 finger members stretched

[0362] FIG. 43:

[0363] Model of the parallelogram according to the invention in combination with a pneumatic cylinder (without a piston rod) for 2 finger members slightly bent

[0364] FIG. 44:

[0365] Parallelogram according to the invention in combination with a pneumatic cylinder (comprising 2 levers and a piston rod) for 2 finger members bent along with actuation details

[0366] FIG. 45:

[0367] Model of a pneumatic retractable undercarriage according to the invention

[0368] FIG. 46:

[0369] At the arrow, curving up of the back-flow flap at even a low angle of attack

[0370] FIG. 47:

[0371] At the arrows, curving up of the back-flow flaps at a medium angle of attack

[0372] FIG. 48:

[0373] Lifting of the back-flow flaps at a high angle of attack (see arrow)

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS FOR FIGS. 1 TO 25 FOR A BACK-FLOW FLAP

[0374] 1. Trailing edge separation vortex
2. Flap separation vortex
3. Aerodynamic/hydrodynamic body/wing/profile
4. Prior art back-flow flaps (lift element)
5. Boundary component
6. Trailing profile edge

7. Joint

[0375] 8. Triangular back-flow flap (flap/lift element)
9. Arc-shaped back-flow flap (flap/lift element)
10. Parallelogram back-flow flap (flap/lift element)
11. Resilient material/hinge
12. Springy material

13. Hose

[0376] 14. Fluid/gas filling region
15. Hydraulic/pneumatic cylinder or other actuator
16. Support face/connection point with respect to the wing
17. Angle of attack of the wing
18. Fluid/gas connection
19. Point of the greatest profile thickness
20. Flap transition
21. Flap region boundary
22. Actuator element
23. Base element
24. Lightning protection system
25. Noise-reducing lift element and/or base element
26. Means for limiting the excursion
27. Fixing means
28. Mass inertia element

29. Lever

[0377] 30. Centre of rotation
31. Torque zero of the profile
32. Lifting force F.sub.L (resultant)

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS FOR FIGS. 26 TO 45 FOR A MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACTUATOR

[0378] 1. Base body

2. Actuator

[0379] 3. Support plate

4. Workpiece/component

[0380] 5. Coordinate system
6. Base face/wall
7. Side face/wall
8. Cover face/wall
9. Joint/joint element
10. Fluid-filled space/hose
11. Rising/unfolding movement of the actuator (2) (2-dimensional)
12. Base movement of the component (4)/workpiece
13. Orientation movement of the component (4)/workpiece (1- or 2-dimensional)
14. Device for orientating and/or lifting
15. Side wall of the mounted orientating and/or lifting device
16. Cover wall of the mounted orientating and/or lifting device
17. Base wall of the mounted orientating and/or lifting device
18. Lifting movement and onward movement of the workpiece
19. Device which is orientated
20. Actuator (2) which is folded into rest position
21. Mounted device which is folded into rest position
22. Protection system and/or emergency system and/or ventilation system

23. Person

[0381] 24. Directional valves
25. Overpressure container
26. Underpressure container

27. Pipelines

[0382] 28. Excursion limitation
29. Control and regulation system

30. Compressor

[0383] 31. Fixing element
32. Control valve
33. Pneumatic cylinder

34. Piston rod

35. Rod

36. Lever

[0384] 37. Pneumatic retractable undercarriage

Preferred Embodiments

[0385] 1. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, in the form of a base element which reinforces the rotor blade, characterised in that said system is formed by for example a rotor blade trailing edge reinforcement comprising at least one triangular or Z-shaped or V-shaped or leading-edge-shaped or polygonal base element, and thus statically reinforces (optionally repairs) the rotor blade structure and/or protects it from external influences, in particular at the trailing edge and optionally at the leading edge (wing tip) and optionally at particular portions of the rotor blade/points on blade segments, optionally to attach vortex generators and/or other base elements and/or flaps and/or lightning protection.

[0386] 2. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, in the form of an at least noise-reducing lift element and/or base element,

characterised in that, by way of a flexible and/or solid shaped, in particular toothed, jagged, bristly, perforated, particularly preferably slitted, thread-shaped, bird-feather-shaped, finger-shaped (kinked rod or tube) and spiral-shaped (2D or 3D spiral) trailing edge of the lift element and/or of the base element (leading and trailing possible), and that as a result generates less noise or less noise than in the original state of the rotor blade (when retrofit).

[0387] 3. Wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, and for reducing the loads on the rotor blade and optionally hub structure and as a result dynamic rotor oscillations are excited transverse to the profile chord (flapwise,

dynamic yaw oscillations) and parallel to the profile chord of the rotor blade (edgewise) and can lead to considerable tip loads of the rotor blade, and this being able to lead to material fatigue (or reduced service life) in the long term,
characterised in that at least one oscillation attenuation element is used, this taking place in the form of at least one active and/or passive flap, and in that this rotor blade reacts through mass compensation and/or pneumatically and/or hydraulically and/or magnetorheologically, and has an attenuating effect by way of at least one passive and/or active lift element, and as a result the service life of the rotor blade and/or of the wind turbine and/or of the flap system is potentially increased.

[0388] 4. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement C and/or D, and operates in the function of a storm protector/overspeed protector, prevents overloads on the rotor blades, and makes possible an increase in output at speeds resulting from a relatively long high wind running duration at greater than V.sub.MaxNormal, as a result of which there is sufficient overload protection for gusts/thermal lift, for example at <50% nominal power, preferably at <70% nominal power, particularly preferably 95% nominal power, most preferably 100% nominal power,

characterised in that this is achieved by at least one lift-reducing (upper face and optionally lower face) flap/lift element of the rotor blade, and in that there is no cut-off at the speed V.sub.MaxNormal, but instead, by way of the active flap system, braking is provided on at least the upper face of the wind turbine, by increasing resistance and/or reducing lift, at least to such an extent that the nominal power is not exceeded and/or there is no overload and/or the network stability is not disrupted, and in that this is activated and/or controlled and/or regulated by actively activated flaps, optionally including by rotor blade measurement and/or centrifugal force measurement and/or mass inertia/acceleration measurement and/or speed measurement.

[0389] 5. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B in the function of a startup aid in low wind and yield output improvement, by way of at least one lift-increasing lift element which greatly increases the lift coefficient and thus the energy output at high angles of attack (up to approximately V.sub.Nominal),

characterised in that this lift element is preferably attached to the upper face, particularly preferably to the trailing edge of the upper face of the rotor blade, and is activated and/or controlled and/or regulated pneumatically and/or hydraulically and/or magnetorheologically by passively and/or actively activated flaps, and in that, for example before V.sub.Nominal, the pitch control/regulation and/or the lift-controlling flap regulation can be used so as to regulate the turbine to the maximum power, or in that, for example before V.sub.Nominal, the pitch control/regulation (fine regulation) and the lift-controlling flap regulation (rough regulation) can be used to regulate the turbine to the maximum power, or in that, for example before V.sub.Nominal, the pitch control/regulation (rough regulation) and the lift-controlling flap regulation (fine regulation) can be used to regulate the turbine to the maximum power.

[0390] 6. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having an active and/or passive flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, and/or in the function of a system for increasing the rigidity and/or limiting the excursion of the flap, and/or a rotor-blade-reinforcing base element and/or lightning protection, and/or a startup aid in low wind, and/or an ice and snow removal system,

characterised in that means for increasing the rigidity of the flap and/or means for limiting the excursion are used, and in that at least part of the flap has a high rigidity and preferably exceeds a rigidity in the form of a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 50 GPa and/or a tensile strength of at least 0.4 GPa.

[0391] 7. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which, to improve the output at least in the regions of improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, can be used in the function of a system for increasing the rigidity and/or limiting the excursion of the flap, and/or a system having a long service life and high capacity for retrofitting, and/or a base element which reinforces a rotor blade, and/or a lightning protector, and/or a noise-reducing lift element and/or base element, and/or an oscillation attenuation system comprising at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or a storm protector/overspeed protector, and/or a startup aid in low wind, and/or an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation system using at least one lift-reducing lift element and if applicable comprising sealable pressure compensation openings and/or an ice and snow removal system,

[0392] 8. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following:

adjustable flaps or lift elements, which are arranged on the surface of the wind turbine rotor blade and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and make it possible to adjust activating means, and thus to change the aerodynamic properties and/or noise reduction properties of the lift element and/or base element, and/or oscillation attenuation properties using at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or storm protection properties/overspeed protection, and/or as a startup aid in low wind, and/or as an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation properties by means of at least one lift-reducing lift element and optionally comprising sealable pressure compensation openings, and/or ice and snow removing properties of the rotor blade, the flaps or lift elements and the activating means being formed and arranged with the aim that activating the activating means reduces the lift in a zone, and/or can increase the lift in this zone and greatly increase the output at medium to high angles of attack of the rotor blade and at least in a position of the angle of attack which extends from a first point close to the rotor blade tip to a second point between the first point and the blade root, this second point being variable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade by adjusting the activating means,
characterised in that the lift regulation means are formed from at least one flexible flap and/or rigid flap and/or a plurality of small rigid and/or flexible flaps, the at least one flap and/or at least a plurality of small flaps being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the blade and being adjustable by means of one or more activating means, in such a way that the position of the flap or plurality of small flaps, which changes the lift, can be rapidly and/or gradually changed in the longitudinal direction of the flap or plurality of small flaps, and that the activating means can be used as a fluid-fillable (inflatable) and/or foldable element, preferably part of the lift element or the lift element itself.

[0393] 9. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following:

adjustable flaps or lift elements, which are arranged on the surface of the wind turbine rotor blade and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and make it possible to adjust activating means, and thus to change the aerodynamic properties and/or noise reduction properties of the lift element and/or base element, and/or oscillation attenuation properties using at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or storm protection properties/overspeed protection, and/or as a startup aid in low wind, and/or as an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation properties by means of at least one lift-reducing lift element and optionally comprising sealable pressure compensation openings, and/or ice and snow removing properties of the rotor blade, the flaps or lift elements and the activating means being formed and arranged with the aim that activating the activating means reduces the lift in a zone, and/or can increase the lift in this zone and greatly increase the output at medium to high angles of attack of the rotor blade and at least in a position of the angle of attack which extends from a first point close to the rotor blade tip to a second point between the first point and the blade root, this second point being variable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade by adjusting the activating means,
characterised in that the lift regulation means are formed from at least one flexible flap and/or rigid flap and/or a plurality of small rigid and/or flexible flaps,
and in that these flaps have increased rigidity of the flaps and/or means for limiting the excursion, in particular foldable,
the at least one flap and/or at least a plurality of small flaps being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the blade and being adjustable by means of one or more activating means, in such a way that the position of the flap or plurality of small flaps, which changes the lift, can be changed rapidly and/or gradually in the longitudinal direction of the flap or plurality of small flaps.

[0394] 10. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following:

adjustable flaps or lift elements, which are arranged on the surface of the wind turbine rotor blade and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and make it possible to adjust activating means, which are not a hose integrated into the wing, and thus to change the aerodynamic properties and/or noise reduction properties of the lift element and/or base element, and/or oscillation attenuation properties using at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or storm protection properties/overspeed protection, and/or as a startup aid in low wind, and/or as an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation properties by means of at least one lift-reducing lift element and optionally comprising sealable pressure compensation openings, and/or ice and snow removing properties
of the rotor blade, the flaps or lift elements and the activating means being formed and arranged with the aim that activating the activating means reduces the lift in a zone, and/or can increase the lift in this zone and greatly increase the output at medium to high angles of attack of the rotor blade and at least in a position of the angle of attack which extends from a first point close to the rotor blade tip to a second point between the first point and the blade root, this second point being variable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade by adjusting the activating means,
characterised in that the lift regulation means are formed from at least one flexible flap and/or rigid flap and/or a plurality of small rigid and/or flexible flaps, and in that the activating means consist of at least one fluid-fillable hose, which in particular is foldable and deforms preferably only 2-dimensionally during filling, and in that the activating means system consists of at least one fluid-fillable hose, a line system, at least one pressure store and at least one control valve, the at least one flap or at least a plurality of small flaps being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the blade and being adjustable by means of one or more activating means, in such a way that the position of the flap or plurality of small flaps, which changes the lift, can be changed rapidly and/or gradually in the longitudinal direction of the flap or plurality of small flaps.

[0395] 11. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, which is retrofittable and/or can be removed again in a simple manner and has a high service life,

characterised in that the rotor blade structure is statically not impaired or not significantly impaired by the attachment by adhesive connection (large adhesive area), for example to the base element (23), rivet connection, screw connection, scissor (or pincer) connection, suspension connection, clamp connection or plug-in connection, and thus makes possible a high service life of the rotor blade and/or wind turbine and/or flap system, preferably >5 years, particularly preferably >10 years, most preferably 20 years, and/or optionally makes simple removal/replacement possible. For depreciation of a for example retrofittable system, the service life thereof is of major importance. Depreciation times of 4 years are conventional.

[0396] 12. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system (8, 9, 10), which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, in the form of a fluid-fillable (inflatable) actuator element (22), and if necessary can in a very simple manner be retrofitted and/or attached and/or replaced on a flap,

characterised in that at least one actuator element (22) and/or a part thereof is fillable with a fluid (inflatable), and can simultaneously be folded at least in the initial state.

[0397] 13. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the flap itself or a hose (13) is pneumatically and/or hydraulically and/or magnetorheologically fillable (inflatable), and in this context is deformed 2-dimensionally (without significant stretching of the hose material), potentially 3-dimensionally (with significant stretching of the hose material), and the flap/lift element (4, 8, 9, 10) is thus moved by the actuator element (22), and in that the flap and/or actuator element consists of a triangular, parallelogram, hose-shaped or polygonal, check-valve-form lift element (4, 8, 9, 10), and in that the flap and/or actuator element is reinforced by a macrostatic system, by for example triangular, parallelogram, hose-shaped or polygonal, planar-check-valve-form, curve-shaped structures and the like.

[0398] 14. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments having a static and/or aerodynamic effect,

characterised in that the flap (4, 8, 9, 10) and/or actuator element (22) is reinforced by a microstatic system by way of for example lasered, pressed, embossed, punched, printed, etched, printed surfaces structures, for example similar to bird feathers, and textile reinforcement fibres such as GFRP, CFRP, Kevlar, basalt (optionally integrated) and the like. Surface structures of this type may also comprise small or larger ducts which positively influence the hysteresis of raising the back-flow flap (4, 8, 9, 10).

[0399] 15. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments having a static and/or aerodynamic effect,

[0400] 16. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments having a static and/or aerodynamic effect,

characterised in that the flap (4, 8, 9, 10) has at least one stop means, such as a Kevlar string, wire, strips, lever, the lift element itself, lamella, hose, grid, bellows (preferably lateral), which limits the maximum deflection.

[0401] It is necessary to limit the excursion in aeroplanes for safety reasons in dangerous flight states and for the service life. In wind turbines, it is necessary to limit the excursion in snow/ice for safety reasons and for the service life. Slightly earlier startup of the rotor should also be expected in the case of active activation.

[0402] 17. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments having a static and/or aerodynamic effect,

characterised in that the flap and/or actuator element consists of at least one lift element which consists of at least a curved or multiply curved plate (3D plate) such as a blind lamella or the like. This is advantageous for adaptation to the profile curvature.

[0403] 18. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the actuator element (22) can be filled and/or emptied very rapidly if required by means of an overpressure and/or underpressure store system.

[0404] This is advantageous in particular for rapid and simple fluid provision, and makes possible a double-action hydraulic and/or pneumatic actuator which reacts rapidly. Preferably, this overpressure and/or underpressure storage system is attached/accommodated in the rotor nose/spinner/rotor blade root.

[0405] 19. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, in the form of a base element (23) which reinforces the rotor blade,

characterised in that said system is formed by for example a rotor blade trailing edge reinforcement comprising at least one triangular or Z-shaped or V-shaped or leading-edge-shaped or polygonal base element (23), and thus statically reinforces (optionally repairs) the rotor blade structure and/or protects it from external influences, in particular at the trailing edge and optionally at the leading edge (wing tip) and optionally at particular portions of the rotor blade/points on blade segments, optionally to attach vortex generators and/or other base elements and/or flaps and/or lightning protection.

[0406] In the case of V-shaped trailing edge base elements (23), it is possible to provide for example a small duct which is of approximately the thickness of the trailing edge itself and which can provide the pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical supply and/or the lightning protector discharge.

[0407] The base element or parts thereof may also be used as a lightning protector.

[0408] 20. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, in the form of an at least noise-reducing lift element and/or base element,

characterised in that, by way of a flexible and/or solid shaped, in particular corrugated, toothed, jagged, bristly, perforated, particularly preferably slitted, thread-shaped, bird-feather-shaped, finger-shaped (kinked rod or tube) and spiral-shaped (2D or 3D spiral) trailing edge of the lift element and/or of the base element (leading and trailing possible), and that as a result generates less noise or less noise than in the original state of the rotor blade (when retrofit).

[0409] Elements of this type formed in this manner can also be attached to complete parts of wings, in particular outboard wings and/or rudders.

[0410] 21. Wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, and for reducing the loads on the rotor blade and optionally hub structure and as a result dynamic rotor oscillations are excited transverse to the profile chord and (dynamic yaw oscillations) parallel to the profile chord of the rotor blade and can lead to considerable tip loads of the rotor blade, and this being able to lead to material fatigue (or reduced service life) in the long term,

characterised in that at least one oscillation attenuation element is used, this taking place in the form of at least one active and/or passive flap, and in that this rotor blade reacts through mass compensation and/or pneumatically and/or hydraulically and/or magnetorheologically, and has an attenuating effect by way of at least one passive and/or active lift element, and as a result the service life of the rotor blade and/or of the wind turbine and/or of the flap system is potentially increased.

[0411] 22. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement C and/or D, and operates in the function of a storm protector/overspeed protector, prevents overloads on the rotor blades, and makes possible an increase in output at speeds resulting from a relatively long high wind running duration at greater than V.sub.MaxNormal, as a result of which there is sufficient overload protection for gusts/thermal lift, for example at <50% nominal power, preferably at <70% nominal power, particularly preferably 95% nominal power, most preferably 100% nominal power,

[0412] The flap may also be passively activated by mass inertia forces/mass inertia torques, as is shown and disclosed in FIG. 19-21.

[0413] 23. Device and method in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B in the function of a startup aid in low wind and yield output improvement, by way of at least one lift-increasing lift element which greatly increases the lift coefficient and thus the energy output at high angles of attack (up to approximately V.sub.Nominal), characterised in that this lift element is preferably attached to the upper face, particularly preferably to the trailing edge of the upper face of the rotor blade, and is activated and/or controlled and/or regulated pneumatically and/or hydraulically and/or magnetorheologically by passively and/or actively activated flaps, and in that, for example before V.sub.Nominal, the pitch control/regulation and/or the lift-controlling flap regulation can be used so as to regulate the turbine to the maximum power, or in that, for example before V.sub.Nominal, the pitch control/regulation (fine regulation) and the lift-controlling flap regulation (rough regulation) can be used to regulate the turbine to the maximum power or that, for example before V.sub.Nominal, the pitch control/regulation (rough regulation) and the lift-controlling flap regulation (fine regulation) can be used to regulate the turbine to the maximum power.

[0414] 24. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement C and/or D in the function of an overspeed and/or oscillation attenuation and lift-reducing lift element,

characterised in that, by way of the flap and/or lift element and/or actuator (22) and/or a hose (13), openable and sealable openings (18) between the upper face carrying overpressure and the lower face carrying underpressure can be used for lift reduction, at least in part by pressure compensation, that the flap and/or actuator element (22) and/or a hose (13) and the openable and closable openings (18) and/or valves are attached preferably in the region of greatest thickness of the profile (19), particularly preferably to the trailing edge of the profile/rotor blade.

[0415] Preferably, the active actuator element (22) seals the openable and sealable openings (18) and/or valves.

[0416] 25. Device and method in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having an active and/or passive flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, in the function of an ice and snow removal system,

characterised in that by way of the forces and/or movement of the active flap the snow and/or ice accumulation of the rotor blade can be removed at least in part, potentially proactively in advance, and thus potentially prevented at least in part, and in that, by way of actively activated (lifted) flaps, which are pneumatically and/or hydraulically and/or magnetorheologically activated and/or controlled and/or regulated, the snow and/or ice accumulation is removed at least in part, potentially proactively in advance, and thus potentially prevented at least in part, and/or in that the at least intermittently heated base elements (23) and/or lift elements and/or flaps are provided with an antiadhesive film or coating so as to reduce environmental influences such as accumulation of midges and damage from bird strikes.

[0417] It is known that specifically the wing tip experiences a rougher surface (worsened aerodynamics and service life) over time as a result of weathering, and that for this purpose a glued-on antiadhesive film of for example PTFE also prevents the accumulation of midges, which are particularly numerous in spring, at least in part, and protects the rotor blade from weathering and bird strikes and saltwater atmospheres (in coastal or offshore wind turbines). This weathering protection may also act as a base element (23) in that it has reinforcements, to which components are fixed, in particular regions.

[0418] 26. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having an active and/or passive flap system, which can be used to improve the output at least in the regions for improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, and/or in the function of a system for increasing the rigidity and/or limiting the excursion of the flap, and/or a rotor-blade-reinforcing base element and/or lightning protection, and/or a startup aid in low wind, and/or an ice and snow removal system,

[0419] 27. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which, to improve the output at least in the regions of improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, can be used in the function of a system for increasing the rigidity and/or limiting the excursion of the flap, and/or a system having a long service life and high capacity for retrofitting, and/or a base element which reinforces a rotor blade, and/or a lightning protector, and/or a noise-reducing lift element and/or base element, and/or an oscillation attenuation system comprising at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or a storm protector/overspeed protector, and/or a startup aid in low wind, and/or an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation system using at least one lift-reducing lift element and if applicable comprising sealable pressure compensation openings and/or an ice and snow removal system,

characterised in that means for increasing the rigidity of the flap and/or means for limiting the excursion are used, and in that the excursion limitation limits the opening angle of the flap of <90 degrees, preferably <75 degrees, particularly preferably <60 degrees/The opening angle of the flap is defined in such a way that the leading and trailing edge of the flap determine the opening angle, this thus also being possible in highly flexible or partially flexible flaps.

[0420] 28. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which, to improve the output at least in the regions of improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, can be used in the function of a system for increasing the rigidity and/or limiting the excursion of the flap, and/or a system having a long service life and high capacity for retrofitting, and/or a base element which reinforces a rotor blade, and/or a lightning protector, and/or a noise-reducing lift element and/or base element, and/or an oscillation attenuation system comprising at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or a storm protector/overspeed protector, and/or a startup aid in low wind, and/or an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation system using at least one lift-reducing lift element and if applicable comprising sealable pressure compensation openings and/or an ice and snow removal system,

characterised in that a fluid-fillable (inflatable) and/or foldable element, preferably part of the actuator element or the lift element itself, can be used.

[0421] 29. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade having a passive and/or active flap system, which, to improve the output at least in the regions of improvement A and/or B and/or C and/or D, can be used in the function of a system for increasing the rigidity and/or limiting the excursion of the flap, and/or a system having a long service life and high capacity for retrofitting, and/or a base element which reinforces a rotor blade, and/or a lightning protector, and/or a noise-reducing lift element and/or base element, and/or an oscillation attenuation system comprising at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or a storm protector/overspeed protector, and/or a startup aid in low wind, and/or an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation system using at least one lift-reducing lift element and if applicable comprising sealable pressure compensation openings and/or an ice and snow removal system,

characterised in that a fluid-fillable (inflatable) and/or foldable element, preferably part of the actuator element or the lift element itself, can be used.

[0422] 30. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following:

adjustable flaps or lift elements, which are arranged on the surface of the wind turbine rotor blade and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and make it possible to adjust activating means, and thus to change the aerodynamic properties of the rotor blade, the flaps or lift elements and the activating means being formed and arranged with the aim that activating the activating means reduces the lift in a zone,
and/or can increase the lift in this zone and greatly increase the output at least at high angles of attack of the rotor blade and at least in a position of the angle of attack which extends from a first point close to the rotor blade tip to a second point between the first point and the blade root, this second point being variable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade by adjusting the activating means,
characterised in that the lift regulation means are formed from at least one flexible flap and/or rigid flap and/or a plurality of small rigid and/or flexible flaps,
the at least one flap and/or at least a plurality of small flaps being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the blade and being adjustable by means of one or more activating means, in such a way that the position of the flap or plurality of small flaps, which changes the lift,
can be changed rapidly and/or gradually in the longitudinal direction of the flap or plurality of small flaps.

[0423] 31. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following:

adjustable flaps or lift elements, which are arranged on the surface of the wind turbine rotor blade and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and make it possible to adjust activating means and thus to change the aerodynamic properties and/or noise reduction properties of the lift element and/or base element, and/or oscillation attenuation properties using at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or storm protection properties/overspeed protection, and/or as a startup aid in low wind, and/or as an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation properties by means of at least one lift-reducing lift element and optionally comprising sealable pressure compensation openings, and/or ice and snow removing properties
of the rotor blade, the flaps or lift elements and the activating means being formed and arranged with the aim that activating the activating means reduces the lift in a zone, and/or can increase the lift in this zone and greatly increase the output at least at high angles of attack of the rotor blade and at least in a position of the angle of attack
which extends from a first point close to the rotor blade tip to a second point between the first point and the blade root, this second point being variable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade by adjusting the activating means, characterised in that the lift regulation means are formed from at least one flexible flap and/or rigid flap and/or a plurality of small rigid and/or flexible flaps,
the at least one flap and/or at least a plurality of small flaps being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the blade and being adjustable by means of one or more activating means, in such a way that the position of the flap or plurality of small flaps, which changes the lift,
can be changed rapidly and/or gradually in the longitudinal direction of the flap or plurality of small flaps.

[0424] 32. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following:

adjustable flaps or lift elements, which are arranged on the surface of the wind turbine rotor blade and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and make it possible to adjust activating means and thus to change the aerodynamic properties and/or noise reduction properties of the lift element and/or base element, and/or oscillation attenuation properties using at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or storm protection properties/overspeed protection, and/or as a startup aid in low wind, and/or as an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation properties by means of at least one lift-reducing lift element and optionally comprising sealable pressure compensation openings, and/or ice and snow removing properties
of the rotor blade, the flaps or lift elements and the activating means being formed and arranged with the aim that activating the activating means reduces the lift in a zone, and/or can increase the lift in this zone and greatly increase the output at least at high angles of attack of the rotor blade and at least in a position of the angle of attack
which extends from a first point close to the rotor blade tip to a second point between the first point and the blade root, this second point being variable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade by adjusting the activating means,
characterised in that the lift regulation means are formed from at least one flexible flap and/or rigid flap and/or a plurality of small rigid and/or flexible flaps, the at least one flap and/or at least a plurality of small flaps being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the blade and being adjustable by means of one or more activating means, in such a way that the position of the flap or plurality of small flaps, which changes the lift, can be rapidly and/or gradually changed in the longitudinal direction of the flap or plurality of small flaps, and that the activating means can be used as a fluid-fillable (inflatable) and/or foldable element, preferably part of the lift element or the lift element itself.

[0425] 33. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following:

adjustable flaps or lift elements, which are arranged on the surface of the wind turbine rotor blade and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and make it possible to adjust activating means and thus to change the aerodynamic properties and/or noise reduction properties of the lift element and/or base element, and/or oscillation attenuation properties using at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or storm protection properties/overspeed protection, and/or as a startup aid in low wind, and/or as an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation properties by means of at least one lift-reducing lift element and optionally comprising sealable pressure compensation openings, and/or ice and snow removing properties
of the rotor blade, the flaps or lift elements and the activating means being formed and arranged with the aim that activating the activating means reduces the lift in a zone, and/or can increase the lift in this zone and greatly increase the output at least at high angles of attack of the rotor blade and at least in a position of the angle of attack which extends from a first point close to the rotor blade tip to a second point between the first point and the blade root, this second point being variable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade by adjusting the activating means,
characterised in that the lift regulation means are formed from at least one flexible flap and/or rigid flap and/or a plurality of small rigid and/or flexible flaps,
and in that these flaps have an increased rigidity of the flap and/or means for limiting the excursion, in particular foldable,
the at least one flap and/or at least a plurality of small flaps being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the blade and being adjustable by means of one or more activating means, in such a way that the position of the flap or plurality of small flaps, which changes the lift,
can be changed rapidly and/or gradually in the longitudinal direction of the flap or plurality of small flaps.

[0426] Angles of attack considered high are those which generate at least approximately the maximum lift coefficient C.sub.L, preferably at least 70% of the maximum lift coefficient C.sub.L, particularly preferably at least 80% of the maximum lift coefficient C.sub.L.

[0427] 34. Device in the form of a wind turbine rotor blade comprising the following:

adjustable flaps or lift elements, which are arranged on the surface of the wind turbine rotor blade and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and make it possible to adjust activating means, which are not a hose integrated into the wing, and thus to change the aerodynamic properties and/or noise reduction properties of the lift element and/or base element, and/or oscillation attenuation properties using at least one oscillation attenuation element, and/or storm protection properties/overspeed protection, and/or as a startup aid in low wind, and/or as an overspeed protector and/or oscillation attenuation properties by means of at least one lift-reducing lift element and optionally comprising sealable pressure compensation openings, and/or ice and snow removing properties
of the rotor blade, the flaps or lift elements and the activating means being formed and arranged with the aim that activating the activating means reduces the lift in a zone, and/or can increase the lift in this zone and greatly increase the output at least at high angles of attack of the rotor blade and at least in a position of the angle of attack which extends from a first point close to the rotor blade tip to a second point between the first point and the blade root, this second point being variable in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade by adjusting the activating means,
characterised in that the lift regulation means are formed from at least one flexible flap and/or rigid flap and/or a plurality of small rigid and/or flexible flaps, and in that the activating means consist of at least one fluid-fillable hose, which in particular is foldable and deforms preferably only 2-dimensionally during filling,
and in that the activating means system consists of at least one fluid-fillable hose, a line system, at least one pressure store or underpressure store and at least one control valve, the at least one flap or at least a plurality of small flaps being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the blade and being adjustable by means of one or more activating means, in such a way that the position of the flap or plurality of small flaps, which changes the lift, can be changed rapidly and/or gradually in the longitudinal direction of the flap or plurality of small flaps.

[0428] 35. Device of a safety system and/or resource energy efficiency improvement system for influencing the flow of an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), preferably a wing (3), following the principle of a back-flow flap (4), characterised in that said device together with the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), in particular wing (3), forms at least a partial shift of the flap region boundary (21) by way of the back-flow flap (4) and the boundary component (5) thereof when the back-flow flap (4) is partially and/or completely raised, and the trailing edge separation vortex/vortices (1) and/or flap separation vortex/vortices (2) is/are thus influenced thereby, and in that the flap region boundary (21) is shifted completely to or beyond the profile trailing edge (6) or else only to a part before the profile trailing edge (6), and in that the lift coefficient C.sub.L is thus further increased.

[0429] 36. Device of a safety system and/or resource energy efficiency improvement system for influencing the flow of an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), preferably a wing (3), following the principle of a back-flow flap (4), characterised in that said device together with the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), in particular wing (3), forms at least a partial shift of the flap region boundary (21) by way of the back-flow flap (4) and the boundary component (5) thereof when the back-flow flap (4) is partially and/or completely raised, and the trailing edge separation vortex/vortices (1) and/or flap separation vortex/vortices (2) is/are thus influenced thereby, and in that the flap region boundary (21) is shifted completely to or beyond the profile trailing edge (6) or else only to a part before the profile trailing edge (6), and in that the lift coefficient C.sub.L is thus further increased and/or the number of pressure regions on the profile is thus further increased from 2 to 3 regions.

[0430] 37. Device of a safety system and/or resource energy efficiency improvement system for influencing the flow of an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), preferably a wing (3), following the principle of a back-flow flap (4), characterised in that said device together with the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), in particular wing (3), forms at least a partial shift of the flap region boundary (21) by way of the back-flow flap (4) and the boundary component (5) thereof when the back-flow flap (4) is partially and/or completely raised, and the trailing edge separation vortex/vortices (1) and/or flap separation vortex/vortices (2) is/are thus influenced thereby, and in that the flap region boundary (21) is shifted completely to or beyond the profile trailing edge (6) or else only to a part before the profile trailing edge (6), and in that this is movably connected to a base element (23) on the wing, preferably permanently and/or so as to be detachable again for maintenance purposes, and thus makes possible a high service life of the rotor blade and/or wind turbine and/or flap system, preferably >5 years, particularly preferably >10 years, most preferably 20 years, and/or optionally makes simple removal/replacement possible.

[0431] 38. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that this back-flow flap (4), with the wing (3) or alone, forms at least one parallelogram (10) and/or triangular (8) and/or circle segment (9) region, in particular a self-moving back-flow flap (8, 9, 10), and in that at least one passive and/or active back-flow flap (8, 9, 10) is created.

[0432] 39. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that a face of the back-flow flap (4, 8, 9, 10) in the base position (lying in contact) is formed in a direction approximating a direction parallel (horizontal) to the profile surface, or at an angle of >30 degrees, preferably at an angle of >45 degrees, particularly preferably at an angle of >60 degrees to the profile surface as a back-flow flap (4, 8, 9, 10) and/or spoiler/rudder flap and/or braking flap.

[0433] 40. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the back-flow flap (4, 8, 9, 10) can be attached at any point on and/or in the wing (3) and/or the aerodynamic or hydrodynamic integration thereof does not require complete penetration through the shell and/or sandwich construction.

[0434] 41. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the superelevation during retroactive and/or external attachment of the back-flow flap (4, 8, 9, 10) to the wing (3) occurs by means of an aerodynamically or hydrodynamically configured flap transition (20), for example in the form of a diagonal or curve, preferably with a curved and resilient cover strip.

[0435] 42. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the joint (7) of the boundary components (5) of the back-flow flap (4) can be formed by a rotating and/or resilient hinge (11) and/or resilient component material.

[0436] 43. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the active back-flow flap (4) is moved by means of at least one actuator (15), for example mechanically (for example by way of levers, rods, ropes, springs) and/or electrically (for example by way of electromagnets, linear or rotary electric motors) and/or hydraulically (for example by way of cylinders or motors) and/or pneumatically (for example by way of cylinders, hoses (13), parallelogram hose (10), triangular hose (8), flat hose, circle segment hose (9) or pneumatic motors/actuators) and/or magnetorheological fluid or polymer.

[0437] 44. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the back-flow flap (4) undergoes excursion limitation for example by ropes, wires, rods, levers, strips, springs, walls, films, folded structure and/or actuator element (22).

[0438] 45. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the components of the back-flow flap (4) are given a for example curved/embossed and/or bionic (sharkskin structure) and/or otherwise known reinforcement and/or aerodynamic improvement structure at least in part for reinforcement (static improvement against oscillations).

[0439] 46. Method of a safety system for preventing dangerous operating states and/or of a resource/energy efficiency improvement system for influencing the flow of an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), in particular of systems (for example energy generating systems or aircraft) equipped with aerofoils, following the principle of a back-flow flap (8, 9, 10), characterised in that there are [0440] d) a fluid flow speed measurement in the environment of the wing and/or [0441] e) a direct and/or indirect wing load measurement, [0442] f) so as thus to control and/or regulate an active and/or passive flow influence of the wing (3).

[0443] 47. Method of a safety system for preventing dangerous operating states and/or of a resource/energy efficiency improvement system for influencing the flow of an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), in particular of systems (for example energy generating systems or aircraft) equipped with aerofoils, following the principle of a back-flow flap (8, 9, 10), characterised in that there are [0444] a) a fluid flow speed measurement in the environment of the wing and/or [0445] b) a direct and/or indirect wing load measurement, [0446] c) so as thus to control and/or regulate an active and/or passive flow influence by way of back-flow flaps and/or spoilers/flaps and/or braking systems (braking parachutes and/or braking flaps and/or overpressure and underpressure compensation systems) of the wing (3).

[0447] 48. Method of a safety system for preventing dangerous operating states and/or of a resource/energy efficiency improvement system for influencing the flow of an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), in particular of systems (for example energy generating systems or aircraft) equipped with aerofoils, following the principle of a back-flow flap (8, 9, 10), characterised in that there are [0448] a) a fluid flow speed measurement in the environment of the wing and/or [0449] b) a direct and/or indirect wing load measurement and/or [0450] c) measurement systems for detecting further dangerous operating states, [0451] d) so as thus to control and/or regulate an active and/or passive flow influence by way of back-flow flaps and/or spoilers/flaps and/or braking systems (braking parachutes and/or braking flaps and/or overpressure and underpressure compensation systems) of the wing (3).

[0452] 49. Method of a safety system for preventing dangerous operating states and/or of a resource/energy efficiency improvement system for influencing the flow of an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic body (3), in particular of systems (for example energy generating systems or aircraft) equipped with aerofoils, following the principle of a back-flow flap (8, 9, 10), characterised in that there are [0453] a) a fluid flow speed measurement in the environment of the wing by means of at least one camera system and/or [0454] b) a direct and/or indirect wing load measurement by means of at least one camera system per wing (3), and/or [0455] c) measurement systems for detecting further dangerous operating states, [0456] d) so as thus to control and/or regulate an active and/or passive flow influence by way of back-flow flaps and/or spoilers/flaps and/or braking systems (braking parachutes and/or braking flaps and/or overpressure and underpressure compensation systems) of the wing (3).

[0457] 50. Device of a hydraulic and/or pneumatic and/or magnetorheological actuator (2) without a piston for generating a 2-dimensional actuator movement (11) and actuator force, preferably a rotational movement and a torque, characterised in that said actuator (2) consists of at least one face/wall (5, 6, 7), preferably of 3, particularly preferably 4, even more preferably of an even number of faces/walls (5, 6, 7), and at least one fluid-fillable space (10), and of at least one joint element (9).

[0458] 51. Device of a hydraulic and/or pneumatic and/or magnetorheological actuator (2) without a piston for generating a 2-dimensional actuator movement (11) and actuator force, preferably a rotational movement and a torque, characterised in that the entire actuator (2), in a possible first position, for example a folded-up rest position, takes on a flat outer contour similar to a preferably thin plate and, in a second possible and preferred position, for example twisted through 90 angular degrees, takes on an unfolded operating position, and thus itself and/or the attached device form/forms for example a shape of a polygonal cross section outer contour, for example triangular square, parallelogramic, hexagonal, polygonal, scissor-shaped.

[0459] 52. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the fluid-fillable space (10) is preferably formed from a foldable actuator (2).

[0460] 53. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the actuator (2), in particular a joint element (9), preferably consists of a foldable hose (10) and/or foldable actuator (2).

[0461] 54. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the face(s) or wall(s) (6, 7, 8) are rigid or flexible but preferably rigid, and at least one face wall (6, 7, 8) is connected in an articulated manner and/or fixed to a base body (1).

[0462] 55. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the 2-dimensional actuator movement (11), in particular a rotational movement, of up to approximately 90 angular degrees, if a plurality of actuators (2) are arranged, particularly preferably 180 angular degrees, most preferably up to approximately 360 angular degrees with a plurality of deployed actuators (2) or more is made possible, and that this deployed arrangement in this case looks like a honeycomb structure.

[0463] 56. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the generated force acts in proportion to the effective actuator area and the pneumatic and/or hydraulic fluid pressure in the direction of the rotational movement (11), and thus exerts a torque via one or more faces/walls and/or devices/lever arms.

[0464] 57. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the actuator (2) is arranged in such a way that said actuator (2) can be moved and/or positioned, at least between these two positions, in the form of a rotational movement about at least one, preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4 joint elements (9).

[0465] 58. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the joint(s) (9) is/are formed by the actuator (2) itself, and in that said actuator (2) is in the form of an at least 2-dimensionally radially deformable and/or resilient hose/sheath (10), particularly preferably at least 2 hoses/sheaths (10) placed one inside the other, it being possible for the face(s)/wall(s) (6, 7, 8) to be arranged in-between and/or externally and/or internally.

[0466] 59. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the arrangement of a plurality of actuators (2) of this type against one another, for example 2 actuators (2) rotated through 90 angular degrees and interconnected, make 2- and/or 3-dimensional movement possible.

[0467] 60. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that a multi-wall arrangement of at least one actuator (2), in particular for increased safety, in particular for use in high-reliability and/or safety-related systems, is made possible.

[0468] Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the actuator (2) can take on an oscillation attenuation function.

[0469] 61. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the rotational movement (11) and force generation can take place by way of compressed air overpressure and/or underpressure, preferably overpressure and/or underpressure stores (25, 26), for example compressed air/CO.sub.2 cartridges, for example for safety systems such as the emergency opening of escape doors, emergency closing of ventilation fire shutters.

[0470] 62. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the actuator (2) is moved towards at least one of the two positions in combination with a return movement, at least by means of a force, by for example spring force, gravity, manual force, external dynamic pressure/flow dynamic pressure and/or overpressure/underpressure, centrifugal force.

[0471] 63. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that at least one face/wall (6, 7, 8) is straight or curved and/or reinforced, for example by way of macro-, micro-, nano-structuring, for example by means of curved structures made of metals or plastics materials, and/or reinforcements, for example by way of fibre composite plastics materials, such as GFRP or CFRP and/or nanoparticle reinforcements and/or surfaces such as carbon nanofibres.

[0472] 64. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the face/wall (6, 7, 8) is at least as rigid as a straight control plate without reinforcements made of 1 mm glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material (GFRP).

[0473] 65. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the front ends of the actuator (2) and/or hose and/or sheath (10) are configured by way of a curved base and/or fold structure and/or pressed flat and thus sealed in a fluid-tight manner and/or preferably planar in the folded state of the actuator (2).

[0474] 66. Device according to any of the preceding embodiments, characterised in that the 2-dimensional actuator movement (11) is used for moving and/or exerting force and/or opening and/or closing and/or positioning and/or raising and/or orientating and/or displacing and/or lifting and/or switching components (4) fixed and/or not fixed thereto, for example for use for sorting/switching components (4), production parts, artificial moved joints and hands and feet for robots/humans, machines, actuators (2), measurement systems, buildings, protective sheaths for storm protection, automobile components (4) such as the steering system, folding top, door opener/closer, bumper, airbag, parking aids, mirror adjustment, windscreen wipers, headlights, containers, ducts, pumps, sheaths, flaps, levers, locks, doors, windows, safety systems, escape doors, ventilation fire shutters, tables, chairs, walls, clamping, vice, machine actuator (2) for tool change or machine movement axes, ramp such as lifting ramp and lifting stage and loading stage, theatre stage, lift, pivot arm, sorting stops, guide elements, flood protection elements, escape tunnels, steering systems, undercarriages, bonnets, cranes, bridges, presses and thermoforming devices, protection and escape tunnels, flood protection barriers, protective sheaths such as folding vehicle tops, ice removal systems on heavy goods vehicle canvases, building protective sheaths, protection systems such as collision protection optionally with explosive fluid gas pressure generation, for example airbag, bumper, engine bonnet, back-flow flaps and/or braking flaps on vehicles, in particular wings and tail units of aeroplanes, back-flow flaps and/or braking flaps on rotor blades of power generating systems such as wind turbines, terminals and plug-in connections of fluids, energy signals, or similar components (4).

[0475] Device according to embodiment 18, characterised in that the actuator (2) itself takes on at least in part a function of said aforementioned components (4).

[0476] 67. Device according to any of the aforementioned embodiments, characterised in that the actuator (2) consists of a magnetorheological liquid/polymer and a magnetic-field-inducing element, preferably a magnet and/or an electric coil, particularly preferably of an electric coil in the fluid-filled space/hose (10).

[0477] 68. Method of a hydraulic and/or pneumatic and/or magnetorheological actuator (2) without a piston, for generating a 2- or 3-dimensional actuator movement (11) and actuator force, in which [0478] a) the entire actuator (2) takes on a possible first position, for example a folded-up rest position, preferably a low-pressure position, and [0479] b) said actuator is moved into a second possible position, for example removed by 90 angular degrees, a folded-out working position, by a rotational movement (11) generated for example by overpressure.

[0480] 69. Method according to embodiment 21, characterised in that the 2-dimensional actuator movement, in particular an actuator rotational movement (11), of up to approximately 90 angular degrees, particularly preferably up to approximately 180 angular degrees, brings about the at least one 1-dimensional movement and/or gripping of components (4) such as technological devices of any type.

[0481] 70. Method according to any of embodiments 20 to 22, characterised in that the arrangement of a plurality of actuators (2) of this type leads to a 2- or 3-dimensional movement (11) of the entire actuator (2) and the components (4) and/or devices (19) to be moved, for example in artificial hands, robot arms or artificial limbs/prostheses for humans and animals.

[0482] 71. Method for manufacturing the parallelogram actuator (2) according to the invention, characterised in that it is manufactured by the following steps:

producing the faces/walls (6, 7, 8) to appropriate dimensions
producing one or more hose(s)/sheath(s) (10), made to size and comprising a fluid supply, by cutting to length and/or vulcanising and/or welding and/or gluing and/or sealing and/or mechanical sealing
attaching the faces/walls to at least one hose/sheath (10), made to size and comprising a fluid supply, by gluing and/or sealing and/or riveting and/or vulcanising and/or screwing and/or hooking (hook and loop fastener) and/or shrinking a shrink-on film/hose (10) and/or by other mechanical methods

[0483] If it is necessary to provide two/three walls:

covering the actuator (2) made thus far with an outer sheath (10) comprising a fluid supply passage by the aforementioned methods and/or shrinking a shrink-on film/hose (10) and optionally attaching further faces/walls (6, 7, 8) by said methods
and/or
using a previously produced double-wall hose (10) in step a)

[0484] If required, after each process step, the actuator (2) can be tested for tightness using overpressure and underpressure and optionally subsequently filled with a process fluid/element, such as the magnetorheological liquid/polymer.

[0485] 72. Method for manufacturing the parallelogram actuator (2) according to the invention, characterised in that this is manufactured by the following steps:

producing the faces/walls (6, 7, 8) to appropriate dimensions
producing one or more precursors of the hose(s)/sheath(s) (10), made to size and comprising a fluid supply, by cutting to length and/or vulcanising and/or welding and/or gluing and/or mechanical sealing
attaching the faces/walls to at least one planar precursor of the hose/sheath (10), comprising a fluid supply, by gluing and/or sealing and/or riveting and/or vulcanising and/or screwing and/or hooking (hook and loop fastener) and/or shrinking a shrink-on film/hose (10) and/or by other mechanical methods
sealing one or more planar precursors of the hose(s)/sheath (s), made to size and comprising a fluid supply, by cutting to length and/or vulcanising and/or welding and/or gluing and/or sealing and/or mechanical sealing

[0486] If it is necessary to provide two/three walls:

[0487] If required, after each process step, the actuator (2) can be tested for tightness using overpressure and underpressure and optionally subsequently filled with a process fluid/element, such as the magnetorheological liquid/polymer.

[0488] 73. Device for a back-flow flap in particular in use in the field of aviation and wind energy, characterised in that it consists of a perforated film, preferably of plastics material, and has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.2 mm, and has at least 5, preferably 10 holes/slits per cm.sup.2, particularly preferably having at least 20 holes per cm.sup.2.

[0489] 74. Method for a perforated or slitted film as a back-flow flap, in particular of a passive back-flow flap, in particular in use in the field of aviation and wind energy, characterised in that at low angles of attack it leads to the profile curving (the film curving up with slight fluttering) in the region of the back-flow flap, and the back-flow flap rises in a known manner only when the angle of attack increases further.

[0490] 75. Method for a perforated or slitted film as a back-flow flap, in particular of a passive back-flow flap, in particular in use in the field of turbines, characterised in that at low angles of attack it leads to the profile curving (the film curving up with slight fluttering) in the region of the back-flow flap, and the back-flow flap rises in a known manner only when the angle of attack increases further.

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL FLAP USED AS A BACK-FLOW FLAP

Inventors

Cpc classification

Classification Explorer

F03D1/0675

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F15D1/10

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

B64C9/18

PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2270/402

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2240/305

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2240/311

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F03D80/30

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2260/964

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2270/404

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2210/16

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2250/183

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2260/507

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

B64C9/00

PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

Classification Explorer

Y02E10/20

GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

Classification Explorer

Y02E10/72

GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

Classification Explorer

F05B2240/31

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F03D7/0252

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

Y02T50/30

GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

Classification Explorer

F03D1/0633

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2240/98

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

F03B3/123

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

B64C3/46

PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2240/3052

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

B64C9/20

PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

Classification Explorer

F05B2260/901

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

Classification Explorer

B64C23/00