Method of operating electric arc furnace

Abstract

A method of operating an electric arc furnace containing a furnace shell having a tapping hole, a plurality of electrodes, and a rotating apparatus that rotates the furnace shell around a vertical axis relative to the electrodes, the method contains a charging step of opening an opening-and-closing door of a scrap bucket containing a metal material and falling the metal material into the furnace shell in which the furnace shell is rotated by the rotating apparatus until a direction of a line connecting a center of the furnace shell to a center of the tapping hole intersects an extension direction of a seam at a closing side of the opening-and-closing door, the opening-and-closing door is opened in this positional relationship to charge the metal material.

Claims

1. A method of operating an electric arc furnace, wherein the electric arc furnace comprises: (a) a furnace shell that includes a cylindrical circumferential wall portion, a furnace bottom portion and a tapping hole; (b) a furnace roof that has a plurality of electrodes provided so as to face downwards; and (c) a rotating apparatus that rotates the furnace shell around a vertical axis relative to the electrodes, wherein the method comprises: a charging step of, above the furnace shell, opening an opening-and-closing door on a bottom portion of a scrap bucket, which contains a metal material, to form an opening, and falling the metal material into the furnace shell via the opening, and a melting step of melting the metal material, and wherein the furnace shell is rotated by the rotating apparatus until achieving a positional relationship in which a direction of a line connecting a center of the furnace shell to a center of the tapping hole intersects an extension direction of a seam at a closing side of the opening-and-closing door of the scrap bucket, then the opening-and-closing door of the scrap bucket is opened in this positional relationship, and the metal material is charged.

2. The method of operating an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, wherein the furnace shell further comprises a slag door provided on the line connecting the center of the furnace shell to the center of the tapping hole.

3. The method of operating an electric arc furnace according to claim 2, further comprising: a rotating step of rotating the furnace shell during the melting step after the charging step.

4. The method of operating an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, further comprising: a rotating step of rotating the furnace shell during the melting step after the charging step.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a configuration of an electric arc furnace that is used in an operation method in one embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a view illustrating another cross-section of the electric arc furnace in FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is an entire perspective view of a rotating apparatus in FIG. 1.

(4) FIG. 4 is an entire plan view of the rotating apparatus.

(5) FIG. 5 is a V-V cross-sectional view in FIG. 4.

(6) FIG. 6 is a VI-VI cross-sectional view in FIG. 4.

(7) FIG. 7A to FIG. 7C are explanation views illustrating the content of the operation method.

(8) FIG. 8A to FIG. 8F are explanation views illustrating the content of the operation method following FIG. 7.

(9) FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B are views explaining unmelted residue of a metal material in an EBT furnace.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(10) Hereinafter, embodiments in which the present invention is applied to an electric arc furnace melting a metal material (herein, steel material) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(11) FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are views illustrating a configuration of the electric arc furnace that is used in an operation method in the present embodiment.

(12) In FIG. 1, a reference numeral 10 represents an electric arc furnace, which includes a furnace shell 16 that includes a cylindrical (herein, circular cylindrical) circumferential wall portion 12, a furnace bottom portion 14 and a charging opening 18; a furnace roof 20 that openably and closably shuts the charging opening 18 at an upper end of the furnace shell 16; and three electrodes 22 which are inserted downwards into the furnace shell 16 while passing through the furnace roof 20.

(13) Each of the electrodes 22 is disposed close to the center of the furnace roof 20 with a substantially circular shape in a plan view, while being equally spaced (at an interval of 120) around a center axis of the furnace shell 16. The electrodes 22 are supported by a lifting apparatus, which is not illustrated, in such a way that the height thereof is independently adjustable. That is, the electrodes 22 are constituted in such a way that the vertical separation distance between a lower end of the electrode 22 and a metal material charged into the furnace shell 16 is adjustable.

(14) The furnace roof 20 is constituted as being movable in a vertical direction relative to the furnace shell 16 and being turnable in a horizontal direction by a lifting apparatus and a turning apparatus, which are not illustrated. The furnace roof 20 is capable of being moved and turned to open the charging opening 18 of the furnace shell 16 to charge a metal material into the furnace shell 16.

(15) The electric arc furnace 10 in the present embodiment is an EBT furnace, in which a portion of the furnace bottom portion 14 protrudes outwards in a radial direction further than the circumferential wall portion 12 of the furnace shell 16 to form a protruding portion 26 with a small gradient (here, substantially horizontal), and on the protruding portion 26 is provided a tapping hole (steel tapping hole) 27 passing therethrough in vertical, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

(16) A molten metal material (molten steel) in the furnace shell 16 is tapped toward a ladle 23 (see FIG. 1) via the tapping hole 27 by tilting the entire furnace shell 16.

(17) A slag door 29 is provided at a position (symmetrical position) that is opposite to the tapping hole 27 in the radial direction.

(18) Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 7A, the slag door 29 is provided on a line connecting a center O of the furnace shell 16 to the center of the tapping hole 27, so as to pass through the circumferential wall portion 12 of the furnace shell 16 in an inward and outward direction.

(19) In the present embodiment, slag produced during a melting operation can be discharged to the outside via the slag door 29 by tilting the entire furnace shell 16 in the opposite direction from that in the case of tapping.

(20) In the electric arc furnace 10 in the present embodiment, the furnace shell 16 is tiltable, and is rotatable relative to the furnace roof 20 and the electrodes 22 in a state where they are fixed in a circumferential direction.

(21) In FIG. 1, a reference numeral 34 is a tilting body that tilts while supporting the furnace shell 16 to make the furnace shell 16 tilt. The tilting body is tiltably supported by a furnace stand 36 that is provided on the ground.

(22) Engaging teeth are provided on an upper surface of the furnace stand 36 that supports the tilting body 34, and on a lower surface of a leg portion 37, which has a convex shape toward downwards, of the tilting body 34 being in contact therewith. Due to engagement between the engaging teeth with each other, the tilting body 34 is prevented from deviating relative to the furnace stand 36 during a tilting operation.

(23) The tilting body 34 includes a tilting bed 35 for supporting the furnace shell 16, and the furnace shell 16 is supported by the tilting bed 35 of the tilting body 34 via the rotating apparatus 32 described later.

(24) In the present invention, the rotating apparatus may be configured as below.

(25) That is, the rotating apparatus may be configured to include 1) a support unit that rotatably supports a furnace shell above a tilting body; 2) a guide rail that is provided between the furnace shell and the tilting body, and guides the furnace shell to rotate around a center axis thereof; 3) a driven unit that is provided on a furnace shell side, and receives rotation drive force; 4) a drive member that is provided on a tilting body side, and is engaged with the driven unit to transmit rotation drive force to the driven unit; and 5) a drive source that is provided on the tilting body side, and produces drive force. The rotating apparatus may be provided to tilt integrally with the tilting body.

(26) In the present embodiment, the rotating apparatus is specifically configured as below.

(27) First, a tilting mechanism will be described.

(28) As illustrated in FIG. 2, one end of a drive cylinder 38 is rotatably connected to a right end in the drawing of the tilting body 34, and the other end of the drive cylinder 38 is rotatably connected to the ground side. When the drive cylinder 38 extends, the tilting body 34 is tilted along with the furnace shell 16 so that a left side in the drawing be downwards and a right side be upwards. As a result, molten steel in the furnace shell 16 is tapped toward the ladle 23 via the tapping hole 27.

(29) FIG. 3 illustrates an entire perspective view of the rotating apparatus 32 in the present embodiment, and FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view thereof.

(30) The rotating apparatus 32 includes a circular ring-shaped support frame 40 with multiple upstanding walls, and the furnace shell 16 is mounted on and fixed to an upper surface of the circular ring-shaped support frame 40.

(31) A ring-shaped gear 42 is provided on a lower surface of an inner circumferential portion of the ring-shaped support frame 40, and teeth are provided along a circumferential surface of an inner circumference of the ring-shaped gear 42.

(32) In contrast, as illustrated in FIG. 5, an outer circumferential middle portion of the ring-shaped gear 42 protrudes outwards in a square cross-sectional shape, and forms an inner race portion 46 of a bearing member 44.

(33) An outer race portion 48 with a C-shaped cross-section is provided to surround the inner race portion 46, and roller bearings 49 are provided between a concave surface of the outer race portion 48 and a convex surface of the inner race portion 46, that is, upper and lower surfaces and an outer circumferential end surface.

(34) Owing to such a structure, the circular ring-shaped support frame 40 is supported by the bearing member 44 and the like and is rotatable around a ring center thereof in a plane parallel with the tilting bed 35. Accordingly, the furnace shell 16 supported by the rotating apparatus 32 is rotatable relative to the electrodes 22 around a center axis of the furnace shell 16 as a rotational center.

(35) Gear boxes 50 (see FIG. 4) are provided on the tilting bed 35 at radially symmetrical positions inside the ring of the circular ring-shaped support frame 40, and thereinside are provided gears. In FIG. 5, a hydraulic motor 52 is provided as a drive source on the tilting bed 35 side, and on an output shaft thereof is mounted a gear 53. The gear 53 meshes with a gear 55 that is rotatably supported by a shaft 54 vertically arranged on the tilting bed 35, and the gear 55 meshes with the teeth of the ring-shaped gear 42.

(36) Accordingly, when the hydraulic motor 52 is made rotate in a clockwise direction or a counter-clockwise direction, the circular ring-shaped support frame 40 is also rotated in the clockwise direction or the counter-clockwise direction via the gears 53, 55, and 42.

(37) In the present embodiment, the circular ring-shaped support frame 40, the gear 42, and the bearing member 44 serve as the support unit, and the inner race portion 46 and the outer race portion 48 of the bearing member 44 among them also serve as the guide rail.

(38) The teeth of the gear 42 serves as the driven unit, the gears 55 and 53 serve as the drive unit, and the hydraulic motor 52 serves as the drive source.

(39) In the present embodiment, the circular ring-shaped support frame 40, that is, the furnace shell 16 can be rotated by the hydraulic motor 52, in a range of 60 in the counter-clockwise direction from an original position at which the tapping hole 27 of the furnace shell 16 faces a tapping yard as illustrated in FIG. 4.

(40) A stopper mechanism 56 is provided at a middle position in a circumferential direction of the circular ring-shaped support frame 40 between both of the gear boxes 50. The details of the stopper mechanism 56 are illustrated in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, a sheath member 57 is provided inwards in the circular ring-shaped support frame 40. The sheath member 57 is a circular cylindrical body, an inner side half of which is made in a tapered shape in which the inner circumference gradually increases inwards.

(41) In contrast, on a stand 58 of the tilting bed 35 side is provided a plug member 60, which is straightly moved forwards and backwards in an inward and outward direction by a drive cylinder 59. The plug member 60 is a circular columnar body, a tip end portion of which positioned on the outside side has a diameter gradually decreasing toward the tip end, and a rear end of the plug member 60 is connected to a rod 61 of the drive cylinder 59.

(42) When the circular ring-shaped support frame 40 is at the original position, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the sheath member 57 faces the plug member 60, and when the plug member 60 is made move forwards by the drive cylinder 59, the plug member 60 enters the sheath member 57 and the tapered tip end portion of the plug member 60 is fitted into the tapered half portion of the sheath member 57. Accordingly, rotation of the circular ring-shaped support frame 40, that is, the furnace shell 16 is reliably restricted, and in this state, the furnace shell 16 can be tilted for tapping or tilted for discharging slag.

(43) Next, a method of operating the electric arc furnace 10 to melt a metal material will be described with reference to FIG. 7A to FIG. 7C and FIG. 8A to FIG. 8F.

(44) Typically, a metal material such as scrap is charged into a furnace in multiple times. In this example, the metal material is charged into the furnace in twice.

(45) FIG. 7A to FIG. 7C illustrates a state of this charging step.

(46) A reference numeral 70 represents a scrap bucket which has a circular cylindrical trunk portion 72 as a body in an upper portion, and an opening-and-closing door 73 that is opened while being split in half at the center to either side in a bottom portion. A reference numeral 75 represents a seam at a tip end at a closing side of the opening-and-closing door 73.

(47) The opening-and-closing door 73 is connected to a hoist, which is not illustrated, via a wire, and when the wire is lifted or lowered by the hoist, the opening-and-closing door 73 is opened or closed in such a state of being split in half at the center.

(48) In the charging step, first, the charging opening 18 of the furnace shell 16 is opened by turning and withdrawing the furnace roof 20, and the scrap bucket 70 holding a metal material is moved to a position above the charging opening 18 by a crane.

(49) When the furnace shell 16 is positioned at the original position, the furnace shell 16 and the scrap bucket 70 have a positional relationship in which a line connecting a center of the furnace shell 16 to a center of the tapping hole 27 coincides with an extension line of the seam 75 of the opening-and-closing door 73 in the scrap bucket 70. Therefore, before the metal material in the scrap bucket 70 is charged into the furnace shell 16, the furnace shell 16 is rotated by the rotating apparatus 32 to a predetermined position in advance.

(50) In the present embodiment, the furnace shell 16 is rotated from the original position in the counter-clockwise direction, and the rotation of the furnace shell 16 is stopped at a position where an angle formed between the line connecting the center O of the furnace shell 16 to the center of the tapping hole 27 and the extension line of the seam 75 of the opening and closing door 73 in the scrap bucket 70, that is, an intersection angle as illustrated in FIG. 7C, is 60.

(51) The opening-and-closing door 73 is opened while being split in half after the rotation of the furnace shell 16 is stopped, and the metal material in the scrap bucket 70 falls downwards via an opening that is formed at that time, whereby the metal material is charged into the furnace shell 16 below the scrap bucket 70.

(52) At this time, since the tapping hole 27 is positioned with a long distance in the circumferential direction from the seam 75 of the opening-and-closing door 73, that is, the tapping hole 27 is positioned with a long distance from a location to which the collected powdery metal material falls, it can prevent the powdery metal material falling from the scrap bucket 70 from accumulating in the vicinity of the tapping hole 27 in a large amount.

(53) In the present embodiment, since the slag door 29, which is positioned opposite to the tapping hole 27 in a radial direction, is also positioned with a long distance in the circumferential direction from the seam 75 of the opening-and-closing door 73, it can prevent the powdery metal material falling from the scrap bucket 70 from accumulating in the vicinity of the slag door 29 in a large amount.

(54) After the completion of the charging of the metal material, the furnace roof 20 and the electrodes 22 are placed above the furnace shell 16, and arcs are produced from the tip ends of the electrodes 22 downward to preferentially melt the metal material positioned around the tip end portions of the electrodes 22. The electrodes 22 are made bore into the metal material (this step is referred to as a boring step hereinafter). FIG. 8A illustrates a state in which the boring is performed.

(55) When the boring is completed and the electrodes 22 reach the vicinity of a furnace bottom portion 14, the material around the electrodes 22 is melted (FIG. 8B).

(56) When unmelted metal material around the electrodes 22 is disappeared as a result, the furnace shell 16 becomes rotatable relative to the electrodes 22. Portions in the furnace illustrated by half-tone dots in the drawing represent the unmelted metal material, and portions illustrated by white backgrounds represent the molten metal material. In this stage, extremely ununiform melting has not occurred yet.

(57) After the volume of unmelted metal material in the furnace is reduced due to melting, the remainder of the metal material is additionally charged (FIG. 8C).

(58) At this time, since the furnace shell 16 has been rotated by 60 from the original position in the counter-clockwise direction in the drawing, the furnace roof 20 is turned and withdrawn in a state where the position of the furnace shell 16 remains unchanged, and then the metal material falls into the furnace from the scrap bucket 70.

(59) Also in the additional charging of the material, the tapping hole 27 and the slag door 29 are positioned with a long distance from the seam 75 of the opening-and-closing door 73, that is, the tapping hole 27 and the slag door 29 are positioned with a long distance from a location to which the collected powdery metal material falls, it can prevent the powdery metal material falling from the scrap bucket 70 from accumulating in a large amount in the vicinities of the tapping hole 27 and the slag door 29.

(60) Thereafter, the furnace roof 20 and the electrodes 22 are placed above the furnace shell 16, and the melting of the metal material is performed again by arc discharge including the boring step, then, the metal material is ununiformly melted by forming three hot spots and three cold spots in the circumferential direction of the furnace shell 16 (FIG. 8D).

(61) Then the unmelted metal material is moved to the hot spot by rotating the furnace shell 16 by 60 in the clockwise direction in the drawing to the original position, in a state where the furnace roof 20 is separated upwards (FIG. 8E). In this state, the furnace roof 20 is closed and the discharge from the electrodes 22 is started, whereby the unmelted metal material can be effectively heated by the electrodes 22. As illustrated in FIG. 8F, the melting of the metal material charged into the furnace is completed.

(62) As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the position to which a powdery metal material falls from the scrap bucket 70 is separated and deviates in the circumferential direction from the positions of the tapping hole 27 and the slag door 29 of the furnace shell 16 (positions in a plan view), it can prevent the powdery metal material falling from the scrap bucket 70 from accumulating in the vicinity of the tapping hole 27 and in the vicinity of the slag door 29.

(63) Accordingly, it is possible to solve the problem that the powdery metal material accumulates in the vicinity of the tapping hole 27 and remains unmelted during melting, and the problem that the powdery metal material accumulating in the vicinity of the slag door 29 turns into an uneasy-to-melt material (powder compact material) due to air infiltrating during the discharge of slag.

(64) In the present embodiment, the charging step of charging the metal material is performed in a positional relationship in which an intersection angle of 60 is formed between a direction of the line connecting the center of the furnace shell 16 to the center of the tapping hole 27 and the extension direction of the seam 75 of the opening-and-closing door 73 in the scrap bucket 70. However, the intersection angle may be set to another angle. The charging step is preferably performed in a positional relationship in which both of the lines intersect each other at an angle of at least 10 or greater, preferably at an angle of 30 or greater, and more preferably at an angle of 60 or greater.

(65) In the present embodiment, during melting of the metal material after the charging step, a rotating step of rotating the furnace shell 16 is performed, and thus the metal material originally placed at a cold spot can be moved to a hot spot and the metal material originally placed at a hot spot can be moved to a cold spot. As a result, the metal material can be uniformly melted in the furnace shell 16.

(66) The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail but it is merely an example. In the present embodiment, the furnace is an EBT furnace. However, depending on situations, the present invention is applicable to a different type of electric arc furnace, and to an electric arc furnace with two electrodes, four electrodes, or more than four electrodes.

(67) The present invention is applicable to a method of operating an electric arc furnace that melts metal other than steel. As such, the present invention can be realized in various modified forms insofar as they do not depart from the gist thereof.

(68) The present application is based on the Japanese patent application No. 2014-225631 filed on Nov. 5, 2014, which contents are incorporated herein by reference.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(69) 10: electric arc furnace 12: circumferential wall portion 14: furnace bottom portion 16: furnace shell 18: charging opening 20: furnace roof 22: electrode 26, 208: protruding portion 27, 210: tapping hole 29: slag door 32: rotating apparatus 70: scrap bucket 73: opening-and-closing door 75: seam