Abstract
The invention relates to a method for joining a sealing seam of a tubular bag packaging by means of an ultrasonic applicator (10), characterized in that said ultrasonic applicator (10) generates ultrasonic waves at a frequency of between 0.1 MHz and 5 MHz, preferably between 0.5 MHz and 2 MHz. The invention also relates to a longitudinal seal joining device of a tubular bag machine for use with said claimed method.
Claims
1. A method for joining a sealing seam (8a, 8b) of a tubular bag packaging, the method comprising providing an ultrasonic applicator (10), and joining the sealing seam with the ultrasonic applicator (10), wherein the ultrasonic applicator generates ultrasonic waves at a frequency of between 0.1 MHz and 5 MHz and at an amplitude of 1 m to 2 m in a region of the sealing seam (8a, 8b).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasonic waves are introduced in a focused manner onto a joining region of the sealing seam (8a, 8b).
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a joining region is a fin seam (8a) or an overlap seam (8b).
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a joining region is supported by a forming tube (4, 107) or by a forming shoe (4).
5. A longitudinal seal joining device of a tubular bag packaging machine comprising an ultrasonic applicator (10) configured to emit ultrasonic waves at a frequency between 0.1 MHz and 5 MHz and at an amplitude of 1 m to 2 m in a region of the sealing seam (8a, 8b), and wherein the device comprises at least one forming tube (4, 107) and/or one forming shoe (4), which forming tube or which forming shoe is disposed adjacent to the ultrasonic applicator (10).
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the ultrasonic applicator (10) is configured to emit ultrasonic waves at a frequency between 0.5 MHz and 2 MHz.
7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the ultrasonic applicator (10) comprises an ultrasonic transducer (10a) and/or a focusing assembly (38) and/or a sound conductor (10b).
8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the sound conductor (10b) is provided with attachment means (12).
9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the ultrasonic transducer (10a) is in the shape of a plate or a spherical calotte.
10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the focusing assembly (38) is lenticular.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic applicator (10) generates ultrasonic waves at a frequency of between 0.5 MHz and 2 MHz.
12. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that said device comprises at least one forming tube (4, 107) and/or one forming shoe (4), which forming tube or which forming shoe is disposed adjacent to the ultrasonic applicator (10) for supporting a packaging material tube (8) to be sealed or, respectively, a sealing seam (8a, 8b).
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic depiction of the functionality of the ultrasonic applicator according to the invention;
(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic depiction of the functionality and application of the method according to the invention;
(4) FIG. 3 shows a schematic depiction of the design of a fin seam;
(5) FIG. 4 shows a schematic depiction, analogous to FIG. 3, of the design of a folded-over fin seam;
(6) FIG. 5 shows a schematic depiction, analogous to FIG. 4, using a forming tube;
(7) FIG. 6 shows a depiction, analogous to FIGS. 3 and 5, using a forming tube;
(8) FIG. 7 shows a schematic depiction of the design of a tubular bag packaging;
(9) FIGS. 8, 9 show an enlarged partial view of the ultrasonic applicator according to FIG. 7;
(10) FIGS. 10, 11 show a modified embodiment analogous to FIGS. 8 and 9;
(11) FIG. 12 shows designs of sonotrodes according to the prior art;
(12) FIG. 13 shows a depiction of the sonotrode according to the prior art;
(13) FIG. 14 shows a depiction of a sonotrode according to the prior art comprising an attachment arrangement;
(14) FIG. 15 shows a simplified side view of an ultrasonic applicator according to the invention;
(15) FIG. 16 shows depictions of the sound propagation of an ultrasonic applicator according to the invention;
(16) FIG. 17 shows depictions of attachment options for the ultrasonic applicator according to the invention;
(17) FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of the electrical actuation;
(18) FIG. 19 shows a schematic depiction of a modified configuration, and
(19) FIG. 20 shows a further modified configuration of the ultrasonic applicator.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(20) According to the invention, the joining of flexible thermoplastic packaging materials by means of ultrasound in the range of 0.1 MHz to 5 MHz, preferably in the range of 0.5 MHz to 2 MHz, takes place on horizontal and vertical tubular bag machines (HFFS machines and VFFS machines). In the case of conventional ultrasound, in order for the vibrations to have an effect on the packaging material, a correspondingly high counter force is necessary in order that the sonotrode does not come loose and can mechanically act on the packaging material. In addition, the anvil requires an energy director in order to accelerate the fusion of the thermoplastic layers.
(21) The inventive joining device using an ultrasonic applicator 10 generates an amplitude of, e.g., only 1-2 m at the sound conductor at a frequency of, e.g., 1 MHz.
(22) The ultransonic transducer 10a consists of a piezoelectric material which deforms on the basis of the inverse piezoelectric effect when an electrical voltage is applied thereto. If an AC voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 10a, said transducer generates a vibration. The ultrasonic transducer 10a is designed such that the frequency of the applied AC voltage leads to a thickness oscillation of the ultrasonic transducer 10a. As schematically depicted in FIG. 18, a signal generator 40, a power amplifier 39, an output matching 38 and the ceramics 37 of the ultrasonic applicator 10 are provided. A frequency generator is used as the signal generator 40, said frequency generator transforming the network voltage to the effective frequency and holding this frequency constant. The ceramics 37 converts the electrical oscillations into mechanical ultrasonic waves of corresponding frequency. The ceramics 37 or, respectively, the ultrasonic transducer 10a is coupled to the sound conductor 10b, for example adhesively bonded. In order to induce sound into the packaging material 41 and therefore to fuse the same, the contact of sound conductor 10b to packaging material 41 is all that is necessary.
(23) This very small amplitude does not generate any packaging material stress and therefore does not damage the packaging material during the joining process. The energy input (FIG. 1) into the packaging material 41 to be joined takes place by means of a thermal spot 50, for example in the focus zone of the ceramics 37, virtually directly in the joining zone and not by means of hammering movements of the sonotrode in the direction of the packaging material 41. An ultrasonic transducer 10a consists substantially of a ceramics 37 comprising terminals for the high-frequency electrical voltage. The frequency of this voltage lies in the range of 0.1 MHz to 5 MHz, preferably in the range of 0.5 MHz to 2 MHz. The ceramics 37 is fixedly connected to the sound conductor 10b by means of a joining connection capable of being coupled. The voltage is generated by the components shown in FIG. 18.
(24) The functionality and application of the inventive joining device for the longitudinal and transverse seam on an HFFS machine is depicted in FIG. 2. A packaging material web 2 is led from a packaging material roll 1 across a guide roller 3 and a forming shoe 4 to a packaging material tube 8. A fin or overlap seam is subsequently joined with a longitudinal sealing device 6 in accordance with FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. The products 5 are, after said products have been fed from the product chain to the packaging material tube 8, transported further by means of friction between product and packaging material to a transverse sealing point 7 comprising a separation function. The transverse sealing device 7 joins the two transverse sealing seams of the tubular bag and also carries out the singling function 9 by means of a separating operation between sealing operations. In FIG. 3, the sealing device for a fin seal 8a is depicted in detail. The existing fin guide or a guide plate 13 is sufficient for fixing the longitudinal seam on the tubular bag during the sealing process. The highly precise setting of the sealing gap, as is known in conventional ultrasonic technology, is not necessary in this method because only a coupling of the sound conductor 10b to the packaging material has to occur.
(25) The joining device according to the invention has an attachment 12 or collar shown in this exemplary embodiment (FIG. 3), which enables a fixation which is variable about an angle of 180. This advantage simplifies the installation of the joining device in a tubular bag machine. A conventional sonotrode known from the prior art can only be fixed to the attachment options provided at the nodal point of vibration, which is explained below with the aid of FIGS. 12 to 14.
(26) Analogous to FIG. 3, an exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, in which the longitudinal seam can also be sealed as a folded-over fin seam or overlap seam.
(27) In FIGS. 3 and 4, a product 5 is schematically depicted which is enclosed by a packaging material tube 8. The reference sign 8a represents a fin seam (FIG. 3), whereas the reference sign 8b represents a folded-over fin seal (FIG. 4). The ultrasonic applicator 10 is schematically depicted. The applicator comprises an ultrasonic transducer 10a for generating sound and a sound conductor 10b. The attachment of the ultrasonic applicator 10 is schematically depicted having the reference sign 12 and is subsequently described in detail in connection with FIG. 15. The reference sign 13 represents a guide component or a counter holder for the fin seam 8a. The edges of the packaging material tube 8 are brought into the detection area of the ultrasonic applicator 10 so as to overlap for the described sealing in the MHz range. The ultrasonic transducer is preferably designed in the shape of a spherical calotte or, respectively, preferably has a partially circular cross section as depicted in the figures. The center of which is located approximately at the focal point 50. Accordingly, the sound conductor 10b is preferably designed having a conical cross section or, respectively, as a frustum of a cone comprising an arched base surface. Any rotationally symmetrical shape can in principle be reproduced using this technology. As a result, the focusing of the sound waves onto the focal point 50 is achieved. The ultrasonic transducer 10a preferably comprises, as previously described, a ceramics 37 for mechanically generating vibrations in the inventive frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 5 MHz, preferably in the range of 0.5 MHz to 2 MHz.
(28) The sealing of the overlap seam directly against the forming tube 4 or, respectively, the forming shoe 4 by means of an HFFS machine is depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6. In both cases, the contours of the forming tube/forming shoe 4 are used as a counter holder for the packaging material fixation. The ends of the packaging material tube 8 to be sealed are brought between the ultrasonic applicator 10 and the forming tube 4 respectively the forming shoe 4. To this end, ultrasonic applicator 10 and forming tube 4 respectively forming shoe 4 are disposed so as to be suitably spaced apart from one another. The packaging material tube 8 is moved by relevant transport means, such as a packaging haul-off or something similar, into the effective area of the ultrasonic applicator 10.
(29) In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the forming tube 4 respectively the forming shoe 4 has a gap, by means of which the two ends of the packaging material are formed to a packaging tube 8, i.e. guided on the outer face of the forming tube 4 respectively forming shoe 4. This outer face acts as a counter holder for the sealing operation. In this connection, the ultrasonic applicator 10 is oriented in the direction of the outer face of the forming tube 4 respectively forming shoe 4.
(30) In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, the forming tube 4 respectively the forming shoe 4 has a 90 edge, along which the fin seam 8a is guided. The tapered end of the ultrasonic applicator 10 is disposed opposite this leading edge in such a way that the fin seam 8a to be sealed runs between them.
(31) An attachment 12 is provided in the region of the sound conductor 10b for the purpose of holding the ultrasonic applicator 10 relative to the forming tube 4 respectively forming shoe 4.
(32) The method can be integrated in the region of the formation of the packaging material tube in a very cost and space saving manner. This compact embodiment is only possible because the joining method according to the invention does not require a vibration-decoupled anvil and the attachment of the resonant unit can take place directly at the effective working area.
(33) In the case of VFFS machines, the packaging material web is, like in FIG. 7, likewise formed to a packaging material tube 102 by means of a forming shoulder 101. The downstream longitudinal sealing device 103 joins the overlap or fin seam. Due to the force of gravity, the products are fed into the preformed packaging material tube 102, which is closed with a transverse seam/foot seam 110/111 by means of the transverse sealing tools 104, 105. After the filling operation, the tubular bag 106 is closed on top with a transverse/head seam 110/111 and is subsequently isolated by means of a separating operation.
(34) The sealing seam can be sealed directly against a forming tube 107 in the joining process according to the invention (FIGS. 8 and 9). According to the invention, a vibration-decoupled and sound-reflecting anvil comprising an energy director is not required for the joining process comprising the formation of a sealing seam. The ultrasonic applicator 10 as a constituent part of the longitudinal sealing device 103, which is responsible for the energy input, is located directly below the forming shoulder 101, where the film is formed to a packaging tube 102. As a result, the space requirements for the longitudinal sealing operation are reduced and the tubular bag machine can be more compactly designed. The packaging tube 102 formed by the forming shoulder 101 subsequently moves between the forming tube 107 and the ultrasonic applicator 10 of the longitudinal sealing device 103. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 to 9, the ultrasonic applicator 10 has substantially a conical shape. The tip of the ultrasonic applicator 10 is oriented towards the focal point 50 for connecting the two packaging material parts. The ultrasonic transducer 10a has a spherical calotte-shaped surface. In FIGS. 9 and 11, the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer 10a are depicted in a partially circular manner, as said waves travel through the sound conductor 10b towards the focal point 50. The ultrasonic transducer 10a of the longitudinal sealing device 103 also preferably constitutes an ultrasonic transducer 10a for generating vibrations in the inventive frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 5 MHz, preferably in the range of 0.5 MHz to 2 MHz. The very simple design in accordance with the invention can take place on every tubular bag machine, regardless whether an intermittent or continuous functional principle is in effect. The cross section of the forming tube is therefore likewise rectangular or round, independent of the function of the sealing device.
(35) An element 108 for melting distribution can be attached to the forming tube 107 in order to achieve higher web speeds and an optimal sealing seam formation, i.e. with greater sealing seam strengths. This element 108 is depicted having a rectangular shape in FIGS. 10 and 11, can consist of metal or plastic and is fixed on the forming tube 107.
(36) A laminar distribution of the liquid sealing medium in the sealing zone is achieved with this device. The partially liquefied sealing layer is not displaced by the hammering movements related to the method in conventional ultrasound technology, but rather remains in the sealing zone until it is solidified. This significantly increases the strength of the sealing seam.
(37) The ultrasonic applicator 10 according to the invention can be directly attached at the joining location; however, any other attachment options on the sound conductor 10b are also possible.
(38) An anvil comprising an energy director is not required for the formation of the sealing seam. The existing fin guide or a guide component (13 in FIG. 3) is sufficient for fixing the longitudinal seam on the tubular bag during the sealing operation. The highly precise setting of the sealing gap, as is known from the conventional ultrasonic technology, is not necessary in this method because only a coupling of the sound conductor 10b to the packaging material has to be provided.
(39) FIGS. 12 to 14 show a sonotrode known from the prior art. Said sonotrode, as depicted in FIG. 13, must have a length of L=/2. A standing wave forms, which is depicted in FIG. 12 in a simplified manner. It can thereby be seen that a zero crossing occurs in the center of the sonotrode (half the length). It is therefore required that the sonotrode be mounted at this location using the attachment means 12.
(40) FIGS. 15 to 17 show, by way of example, schematic depictions of the ultrasonic applicator 10 according to the invention with the piezoelectric ceramics 37. It can be seen in FIG. 15 that the length L can be designed in an arbitrary manner. FIG. 16 shows propagations of the sound waves (progressive wave field), as these were previously described. FIG. 17 shows different attachment arrangements by means of the attachment means 12. It is clear that the attachment 12 of the ultrasonic applicator 10 has no effect on the functionality of said applicator and can take place in an arbitrary manner.
(41) FIGS. 19 and 20 show alternative embodiments of the ultrasonic applicator 10. The ultrasonic applicator 10 comprises an ultrasonic transducer 10a, which is now designed in a planar or plate-shaped manner. A focusing assembly 38 is disposed between the particularly plate-shaped ultrasonic applicator 10a and the sound conductor 10b. The focusing assembly is lenticularly designed and bundles the sound waves, which are indicated in a linear fashion, on the basis of the concave configuration thereof onto focal point 50 for the purpose of sealing the two packaging material parts 41 at said focal point. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 19, the sound conductor 10b tapers off at a point or, respectively, tapers off in a substantially rotationally symmetrical manner.
(42) In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 20, the sound conductor 10b tapers off in a working face 42. This working face 42 is substantially a planar surface. This planar surface is disposed parallel to the plate-shaped ultrasonic transducer 10a. The focusing assembly 38 is located in turn between the sound conductor 10b and the plate-shaped ultrasonic transducer 10a. The focusing assembly 38 is designed as a planar surface on the side adjacent to the ultrasonic transducer 10a. The focusing assembly 38 is designed partially circular or concave on the side oriented towards the sound conductor 10b.
(43) FIGS. 3 to 11 as well as 19 and 20 particularly show exemplary embodiments of a longitudinal seal joining device according to the invention, which is designed in such a way that the method according to the invention can be used with said embodiments, as was described above.
