Gas distribution nozzle

Abstract

The invention relates to a gas distributor nozzle (25) comprising a gas feed (1) directed vertically upwards and a float (13) with which an outlet orifice out of the gas feed (1) may be closed if no gas is flowing, wherein the float (13) has a center of gravity which is below a point of force application of the gas flow. The invention further comprises a reactor with a solid bed and at least one gas distributor nozzle (25).

Claims

1. A gas distributor nozzle comprising a gas feed (1) directed vertically upwards and a float (13) with which an outlet orifice out of the gas feed (1) may be closed if the gas velocity falls below a given value, no gas is flowing or a pressure reversal occurs, wherein the float (13) comprises a cavity on its side remote from the gas feed and has a center of gravity which is below a point of force application of the gas flow.

2. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the float (13) has a constantly narrowing diameter on the side facing towards the gas feed (1).

3. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the float (13) takes the form of a hollow cone (17), the tip (19) of the cone (17) being solid.

4. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the float (13) comprises a guide rod (15).

5. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 4, wherein the guide rod (15) is formed at a tip (19) of a hollow cone (17).

6. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 4, wherein the guide rod (15) is guided in a guide ring (7).

7. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 6, wherein a guide stop (21) is provided on the guide rod (15) which comes to a stop against the guide ring (7) in the open state.

8. A reactor comprising a solid bed and at least one gas distributor nozzle (25) according to claim 1, wherein the reactor is designed such that gas is introduced into the solid bed from a wind box via at least one gas distributor nozzle (25).

9. The reactor according to claim 8, wherein the solid bed is a fluidized bed, a fluid bed or a moving bed.

10. A gas distributor nozzle comprising a gas feed (1) directed vertically upwards and a float (13) with which an outlet orifice out of the gas feed (1) may be closed if the gas velocity falls below a given value, no gas is flowing or a pressure reversal occurs, wherein the float (13) comprises a cavity on its side remote from the gas feed and has a center of gravity which is below a point of force application of the gas flow, the float (13) being guided in a sleeve (3), said sleeve (3) comprising a limit stop (31) on which the float (13) rests in the closed state and having a diameter above the limit stop (13) which is greater than the maximum diameter of the float (13).

11. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 10, wherein a cap (33) enclosing the gas feed (1), the float (13) and the sleeve (3) is provided, said cap (33) having orifices (41) distributed over its circumference and being closed at the top.

12. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 10, wherein the sleeve (3) has a lower portion (27) with a smaller internal diameter and an upper portion (29) with a larger internal diameter, the upper portion (29) having an internal diameter decreasing towards the gas feed (1).

Description

(1) An example of a gas distributor nozzle configured according to the invention is explained in greater detail in the following description and is shown in the figures, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional representation of a gas feed with float,

(3) FIG. 2 is a sectional representation of a gas distributor nozzle with float in the closed position

(4) FIG. 3 shows the gas distributor nozzle illustrated in FIG. 2, with the float in the open position.

(5) A gas feed 1 takes the form of a sleeve 3, for example. The gas flows, as shown by arrows 5, from below into the sleeve 3, wherein to this end the sleeve 3 is connected for example to a gas-conveying pipe or is the end of a gas-conveying pipe. The sleeve 3 is preferably vertically oriented, wherein the gas flows into the sleeve 3 from below and flows out of the sleeve 3 at the top.

(6) A guide ring 7 is accommodated in the sleeve 3, wherein the guide ring 7 is fastened by webs 9 to the internal wall 11 of the sleeve 3. To this end it is possible, for example, to weld the webs 9 to the internal wall 11 of the sleeve or indeed to connect them to a ring, the diameter of which corresponds to the internal diameter of the sleeve, and wedge them with the ring in the sleeve. Any other possible type of fastening with which the guide ring 7 can be fastened in the sleeve 3 is also conceivable.

(7) If the guide ring 7 is fastened by webs 9 to the internal wall 11 of the sleeve 3, preferably at least three webs 9 are provided to stabilize the guide ring 7 against displacement and bending.

(8) A float 13 is guided with a guide rod 15 in the guide ring 7. In the embodiment illustrated here, the float 13 takes the form of a hollow cone 17 with a solid tip 19. As a result of the solid tip 19, the center of gravity of the hollow cone 17 is displaced towards the tip 19. Further displacement of the center of gravity is brought about by the guide rod 15. This ensures that the center of gravity of the float 13 is lower than the point of force application of the resistance of the gas flow. As a result of the low position of the center of gravity, the position of the float 13 stabilizes if it starts to tilt. This makes it possible to prevent the float 13 from getting jammed.

(9) To prevent jamming, it is also possible, as is shown by broken lines, to provide a second guide ring 23 below the guide ring 7.

(10) A guide stop 21 is provided on the guide rod 15, for example in the form of a ring provided on the guide rod 15. This may, for example, be screwed onto the guide rod 15. The guide stop 21 limits upward movement of the float 13 when gas is flowing. In this way, up and down oscillation of the float can be prevented, as already described above.

(11) When in operation, the float 13 is lifted by the gas flow 5 and thus opens up the upper end of the sleeve 3. The gas can flow freely out of the sleeve. As soon as the gas velocity falls below a given value or fails completely or a pressure reversal arises, the float drops downwards and comes to a stop against the upper end of the sleeve 3. In this way, the sleeve 3 is closed, meaning that, when used for supplying gas to a fluidized bed or a moving bed, particles are prevented from passing into the sleeve 3.

(12) FIG. 2 shows a sectional representation of a gas distributor nozzle with float in the closed position, while FIG. 3 shows it the in open position.

(13) The gas distributor nozzle 25 comprises a sleeve 3, wherein in the embodiment shown here the sleeve 3 has a lower portion 27 with a smaller internal diameter and an upper portion 29 with a larger internal diameter. At the point of transition from the lower portion 27 to the upper portion 29, a limit stop 31 is provided, on which the float 13 rests when the gas distributor nozzle 25 is closed, as illustrated here. In the lower portion 27, the guide ring 7 is formed, in which the guide rod 15 of the float 13 is guided.

(14) To allow gas flow, the internal diameter of the upper portion 29 is greater than the maximum diameter of the float 13.

(15) In the embodiment shown here, a cap 33 with an internal ring 35 is screwed onto the sleeve 3. Formed in the internal ring are orifices 37 through which the gas may flow into a gap 39 between the cap 33 and sleeve 3. The gas flows out of the gap 39 through orifices 41. It is also possible here to configure the cap 33 in such a way that a gap through which the gas may flow is formed between the cap 33 and a bottom 43, in which the gas distributor nozzle 25 is mounted.

(16) In the position shown in FIG. 2, the float 13 lies on the limit stop 31 and thereby closes the gas feed 1. This prevents backflow, which entrains particles from a solid bed, from taking place through the gas distributor nozzle 25. Closure of the gas distributor nozzle 25 proceeds automatically, as soon as the gas velocity is no longer sufficient to lift the float 13.

(17) FIG. 3 shows the position of the float 13 when gas is flowing through the gas distributor nozzle 25. The flowing gas lifts the float 13 until the guide stop 21 on the guide rod 15 comes to a stop against the guide ring 7. This upper limit prevents oscillation of the float 13 and in this way pressure fluctuations in the gas feed 1 can be reduced, so meaning that the gas flow 5 remains uniform.

(18) As soon as the gas velocity drops again, the float 13 drops back downwards onto the limit stop 31 and thereby closes the gas feed 1.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(19) 1 Gas feed 3 Sleeve 5 Gas flow 7 Guide ring 9 Web 11 Internal wall of sleeve 3 13 Float 15 Guide rod 17 Hollow cone 19 Solid tip 21 Guide stop 23 Second guide ring 25 Gas distributor nozzle 27 Lower portion 29 Upper portion 31 Limit stop 33 Cap 35 Internal ring 37 Orifices in internal ring 35 39 Gap 41 Orifice 43 Bottom