Dual action lethal containers, systems, methods and compositions for killing adult mosquitos and larvae

Abstract

Dual action lethal containers, systems, methods, compositions and formulas used to kill mosquitoes and their larvae. The containers can have separate interior larvicidal and adulticidal coatings separated from each other by horizontal water line holes in the container. Another container can use a novel combined coating of a larvicidal and adulticidal coating. Unique compositions of adulticidal coatings, larvicidal coatings and combined adulticidal and larvicidal coatings can be used as liners.

Claims

1. A dual action container for solely killing mosquitoes and larvae, comprising: a single housing consisting of a closed bottom and closed sidewalls with an interior wall surface, and open top; at least one drain opening through the sidewalls solely along a horizontal line in the housing, the at least one drain opening midway between the closed bottom and the top; an adulticide coating layer combined with a larvicide coating layer forming a combined coating layer substantially lining the interior wall surface of the housing above the at least one drain opening in the single housing; and the larvicide coating layer combined with the adulticide coating layer forming the combined coating layer substantially lining the interior wall surface of the housing below the at least one drain opening in the single housing, wherein the combined coating layer solely kills mosquitoes and larvae over time, and wherein the at least one drain opening assists to prevent water from completely filling the single housing.

2. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the larvicide includes: pyriproxyfen.

3. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the adulticide includes: permethrin.

4. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the combined coating includes: permethrin and pyriproxyfen.

5. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the combined coating includes an insecticide and an additive for allowing a slow timed release of an insecticide.

6. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the combined coating includes a color which attracts the insects to the coating.

7. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the combined coating stabilizes synergists to overcome resistance.

8. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the combined coating includes a paint.

9. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the combined coating includes a plastic.

10. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein at least one of the adulticide and larvacide in the combined coating includes an insecticide selected from one of a pyrethroid, organophosphate or carbamate.

11. The dual action container of claim 10, wherein the pyrethroid is selected from one of permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin or bifenthrin.

12. The dual action container of claim 10, wherein the organophosphate is selected from one of chlorpyrifos or diazinon.

13. The dual action container of claim 10, wherein the carbamate is propoxur.

14. The dual action container of claim 1, wherein the larvicide in the combined coating is an insecticide selected from one of a Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, methoprene, pyroproxifen and spinosad.

15. The dual action container of claim 2, wherein the combined coating layer consists of a single lining combining the adulticide and the larvicide.

16. A dual action container for solely killing mosquitoes and larvae, comprising: a single housing consisting of a closed bottom and closed sidewalls with an interior wall surface, and open top; at least one drain opening through the sidewalls solely along a horizontal line in the housing, the at least one drain opening midway between the closed bottom and the top; an adulticide coating layer combined with a larvicide coating layer forming a combined coating layer substantially lining the interior wall surface of the housing above the at least one drain opening in the single housing; and the larvicide coating layer combined with the adulticide coating layer forming the combined coating layer substantially lining the interior wall surface below the at least one drain opening in the single housing, wherein the combined coating layer solely kills mosquitoes and larvae over time, and wherein the at least one drain opening assists to prevent water from completely filling the single housing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) FIG. 1 shows a prior art lethal ovitrap that uses a strip of paper with insecticide hanging in a water-filled container.

(2) FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a novel container with two different interior layers coatings, with a novel adulticidal coating around an upper portion of the container above the holes, and a novel larvicidal coating around a lower portion of the container below the series of holes.

(3) FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of another novel container having a novel combined adulticidal and larvicidal coating on the interior of the container.

(4) FIG. 4 is a side outside view of the FIGS. 2 and 3 containers showing the exterior walls of the container above and below the series of holes.

(5) FIG. 5 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versus Days Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes aegypti after 2 hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with a CARBONXIDE additive.

(6) FIG. 6 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versus Days Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes albopictus after 2 hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with a CARBONXIDE additive.

(7) FIG. 7 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versus Days Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes aegypti after 24 hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with a CARBONXIDE additive.

(8) FIG. 8 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versus Days Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes albotpictus after 24 hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with a CARBONXIDE additive.

(9) FIG. 9 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours of exposure to an Ovitrap treated with a coating containing both permethrin and pyriproxyfen.

(10) FIG. 10 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours of exposure to an Ovitrap treated with a coating containing only permethrin.

(11) FIG. 11 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours of exposure to an Ovitrap treated with a coating containing only pyriproxyfen.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(12) Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its applications to the details of the particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

(13) FIG. 2 shows a side cross-sectional view of a novel container having the two different layers 4, 5, on the interior of the container, with novel adulticidal coating 5, around an upper portion of the container above the holes 2, and a novel larvicidal coating 4, around a lower portion of the container below the series of holes 2. The container can be similar to the container C, shown in FIG. 1. Above a horizontal series of water level holes 2 can be an adulticidal coating 5, and below the water level holes 2 can be a larvicidal coating 4. The holes 2 can maintain the water line level 6 within the container.

(14) The Steps to create an ovitrap with separate adulticide and larvicide layers can include the following:

(15) i. Obtain a preferred coating basis;

(16) ii. Prepare adulticide coating by adding adulticide active ingredient, and, if desired, the additive (CARBONXIDE) and any synergist;

(17) iii. Prepare larvicidal coating by adding larvicide active ingredient, and, if desired, the additive (CARBONXIDE) and any synergist;

(18) iv. Coat the bottom half of a container (8-32 oz.) internally, with the larvicidal coating;

(19) v. Coat the top half of a container internally with the adulticidal coating;

(20) vi. Drain holes can be added to the container wall at the midway line between the top adulticide coating and the bottom larvicide coating; and

(21) vii. Attachment devices such as cords, hooks, etc can be added to assist in securing the dual action ovitrap to field locations.

(22) FIG. 3 shows a side cross-sectional view of another novel container having a combined adulticidal and larvicidal coating 3 on the interior walls of the container.

(23) The steps to create an ovitrap with combined adulticide and larvicide layer can include: i. Obtain preferred coating basis; ii. Prepare coating by adding adulticidal and larvicidal active ingredients, and, if desired, the additive (CARBONXIDE) and any synergist; iii. Coat a container (8-32 oz.) internally, with the combined adulticide/larvicide coating; iv. Drain holes can be added to the container wall at the midway line of the coating to prevent water from completely filling the container; and v. Attachment devices such as cords, hooks, etc can be added to assist in securing the dual action ovitrap to field locations.

(24) FIG. 4 shows a side outside view of FIGS. 2 & 3 containers side walls 1 above and below the series of drain holes 2.

(25) The following protocols A, B, C and D list the flowchart methodologies for experiments that were conducted for evaluating the different coatings used. A. Flowchart of methodology in the evaluation of adulticide coating includes the steps of: i. Obtain preferred coating basis; ii. Add adulticide (pyrethroids) and, if desired, an additive (CARBONXIDE) to formulate different formulations of insecticides; iii. Add coating on wood panels; iv. Age wood panels in simulated environmental conditions; v. Prepare housing for adult mosquitoes a Place a 4-oz plastic cup upside down on coated wood panels; vi. Place adult mosquitoes in the housing cup to expose them to insecticidal coating; vii. Measure mosquito mortality in 1-hour, 2-hour, and 24-hour after exposure; viii. Collect data and perform statistical analysis to determine effectiveness of adulticide coating. B. Flowchart of methodology in the evaluation of larvicide coating can include: i. Obtain preferred coating basis; ii. Add larvicide (insect growth regulators) and, if desired, an additive (CARBONXIDE); iii. Coat filter paper and let air dry for 1-3 days; iv. Prepare housing for larval mosquitoes; a. Place coated filter paper in 4-oz glass jars; b. Fill jars with unchlorinated or distilled water; v. Place larval mosquitoes on the jars; vi. Measure mosquito larva mortality in 12-hour intervals until all are dead or emerged as adults; vii. Collect data and perform statistical analysis to determine effectiveness of adulticide coating. C. Flowchart of methodology in evaluation of adulticide coating as applied in lethal ovitrap can include: i. Obtain preferred coating basis; ii. Add adulticide (pyrethroids) and, if desired an additive (CARBONXIDE); iii. Coat filter paper and let air dry for 1-3 days; iv. Prepare oviposition cup; a. Place coated filter paper in a 4-oz plastic cup; b. Fill cup halfway with unchlorinated or distilled water; v. Prepare housing for gravid (pregnant) females; a. Cut a 1-inch hole on the side of a 3-gallon bucket; b. Cover hole with in foam; vi. Place oviposition cup in the gravid female housing bucket; vii. Cover bucket with netting to prevent mosquito adult escape; viii. Place gravid females in the gravid female housing bucket; viiii. Measure mosquito mortality in 12-hour intervals until eggs were laid on the oviposition cups; ix. Count number of eggs on filter paper; x. Collect data and perform statistical analysis to determine effectiveness of adulticide coating. D. Flowchart of methodology in evaluation of dual-action ovitrap can include: i. Obtained preferred coating basis; ii. Add adulticide (pyrethroids), larvicide (insect growth regulator), and, if desired, an additive (CARBONXIDE); a. Also prepare coating with only adulticide or only larvicide to serve as comparison; iii. Coat filter paper and let air dry for 1-3 days; iv. Prepare oviposition container; a. Place coated filter paper in a 4-oz plastic cup; b. Fill cup halfway with unchlorinated or distilled water; v. Prepare housing for gravid (pregnant) females; a. Cut a 1-inch hole on the side of a 3-gallon bucket; b. Cover hole with in foam; vi. Add larval mosquitoes on the oviposition containers; vii. Place oviposition container on the housing bucket; viii. Cover bucket with netting to prevent mosquito adult escape; ix. Place gravid females on the housing bucket; x. Measure adult and larval mosquito mortality in 12-hour intervals until all larvae are dead or emerged as adults; xi. Count number of eggs on filter paper; xii. Collect data and perform statistical analysis to determine effectiveness of adulticide coating.

(26) Protocols A and B referenced above were used as proof-of-concept experiments before the dual-action ovitraps were developed. Insects were exposed to aged insecticidal coatings during the tests.

(27) Protocol C was used to test effect of the adulticide-only coating on adult mosquitoes exposed to treated ovitrap.

(28) Protocol D was used to test adulticide-larvicidal combination in dual action ovitrap. For this experiment, coating containing just adulticide and just larvicide were also used to provide information on the effects of each product alone.

(29) Experiment: 2 h_Mort_A_Aegypti_Aged_Coating Description

(30) FIG. 5 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versus Days Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes aegypti after 2 hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with the additive CARBONXIDE. Mortality of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, after 2 hour of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or in combination with the additive CARBONXIDE, was between 30 and 100% independent of the age of the coating application. Coating with additive almost always produced higher mosquito mortality than coatings without the additive. Control mortality was minimal in all experiments with aged coatings.

(31) For all aging experiments, short-term aging was obtained by storing coated wood panels in lab at room temperature (22 C.), but long-term aging (>24 days) was obtained by placing coated wood panels in oven at 60 C. where 1 day of accelerated age corresponds approximately to 10 days at 22 C.

(32) Experiment: 2 h_Mort_A_Albopictus_Aged_Coating Description

(33) FIG. 6 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versus Days Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes albopictus after 2 hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with the additive Carbonxide. Mortality of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, after 2 hour of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or in combination with the additive Carbonxide, was between 10 and 100% independent of the age of the coating application. Coating with additive almost always produced higher mosquito mortality than coatings without the additive.

(34) Experiment: 24 h_Mort_A_Aegypti_Aged_Coating Description

(35) FIG. 7 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versus Days Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes aegypti after 24 hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with the additive Carbonxide. 100% A. aegypti mosquito mortality was obtained at 24 h exposure to all the insecticidal coatings independent of aging for approximately 2 years or composition of the coating.

(36) Experiment: 24 h_Mort_A_Albopictus_Aged_Coating Description

(37) FIG. 8 shows bar graphs of Percent of Adult Mosquito Mortality versus Days Aging of the coating, for the mosquito Aedes albotpictus after 24 hours of exposure to coatings containing either the insecticide permethrin alone or the coating combination of permethrin with the additive Carbonxide. A 100% A. albopictus mosquito mortality was obtained at 24 h exposure to all the insecticidal coatings independent of aging for approximately 2 years or composition of the coating.

(38) Experiment: Per_Pyri_Graph Description

(39) FIG. 9 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours of exposure to an Ovitrap treated with a coating containing both permethrin and pyriproxyfen. When an ovitrap is treated with a coating containing both permethrin, which is used mainly as an adulticide but has larvicidal action, and pyriproxyfen, a larvicide with no effect as adulticide, mosquito larvae are killed rapidly, whereas adult mortality does not occur until after the females have started laying eggs, and therefore get exposed to the adulticide. Larval mortality is due to release of a combination of permethrin and pyriproxyfen into the water where larvae live. Adult mortality is only due to the pick up of permethrin when gravid females land on the side walls of the ovitrap when attempting to lay eggs.

(40) FIG. 10 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours of exposure to an Ovitrap that was treated with a coating containing only permethrin. When an ovitrap is treated with a coating containing only permethrin, which is used mainly as an adulticide but has larvicidal action, mosquito larvae are killed rapidly, due to release of permethrin into the water where larvae live. Adult mortality does not occur until after the females have started laying eggs, and therefore get exposed to the adulticide due to the pick up of permethrin by gravid females landing on the side walls of the Ovitrap.

(41) FIG. 11 is a graph of mosquito larval and adult survival versus hours of exposure to an Ovitrap that was treated with a coating containing only pyriproxyfen. When an ovitrap is treated with a coating containing only pyriproxyfen, a larvicide with no effect as adulticide, mosquito larvae are killed rapidly when they start molting into the pupal stage. Pyriproxyfen interferes with the development process and prevents pupal development so adults never emerge. Adults suffer only normal mortality since pyriproxyfen has no adulticide effect because adults do not go through the pupation process.

(42) Table 1 lists the main components along with a range for each components and preferred percentage for combined adulticidal and larvicidal coating that can be used as a single lining in a container.

(43) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary Ingredients Ingredients Range Amount Choice of Coating 79.0-99.9989% 96.59% Acrylic paint Oil based paint Plastic polymer CARBONXIDE or other additive 0-4.0% 2.0% Choice of Adulticidal Active 0.001-5.0% 0.7% Ingredient: Pyrethroid insecticide Organophosphate insecticide Carbamate insecticide Permethrin 0.2-5.0% 0.7% (pyrethroid) Cypermethrin 0.02-5.0% 0.1% (pyrethroid) Deltamethrin 0.001-5% 0.06% (pyrethroid) Bifenthrin 0.001-5% 0.06% (pyrethroid) Chlorpyrifos 0.2-5.0% 0.5% (organophosphate) Propoxur (carbamate) 0.2-5.0% 0.5% Diazinon 0.2-5.0% 1.0% (organophosphate) Choice of Larvicidal Active 0.0001-2% 0.01% Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis 0.0001-2% 0.01% israelensis Methoprene 0.0001-2% 0.01% Pyroproxifen 0.0001-2% 0.01% Spinosad 0.0001-2% 0.01% Choice of Synergist: 0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide 0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264 0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox 0-5.0% 0.7% Pyrethrins 0-5.0% 0.7%

(44) Table 2 lists the main components along with a range for each components and preferred percentage for an adulticidal coating.

(45) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary Ingredients Ingredients Range Amount Choice of Coating 81.0-98.999% 96.6% Acrylic paint Oil based paint Plastic polymer CARBONXIDE or other additive 0-4.0% 2.0% Choice of Adulticidal Active 0.001-5.0% 0.7% Ingredient: Pyrethroid insecticide Organophosphate insecticide Carbamate insecticide Permethrin 0.2-5.0% 0.7% (pyrethroid) Cypermethrin 0.02-5.0% 0.1% (pyrethroid) Deltamethrin 0.001-5% 0.06% (pyrethroid) Bifenthrin 0.001-5% 0.06% (pyrethroid) Chlorpyrifos 0.2-5.0% 0.5% (organophosphate) Propoxur (carbamate) 0.2-5.0% 0.5% Diazinon 0.2-5.0% 1.0% (organophosphate) Choice of Synergist: 0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide 0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264 0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox 0-5.0% 0.7% Pyrethrins 0-5.0% 0.7%

(46) Table 3 lists the main components along with a range for each components and preferred percentage for larvicidal coating.

(47) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary Ingredients Ingredients Range Amount Coating (choice of one) 84.0-99.9999% 97.82% Acrylic paint Oil based paint Plastic polymer CARBONXIDE or other <0.0-4.0% 2.0% additive Choice of Larvicidal Active 0.0001-2% 0.01% Ingredients: Bacillus 0.0001-2% 0.01% thuringiensis israelensis Methoprene 0.0001-2% 0.01% Pyroproxifen 0.0001-2% 0.01% Spinosad 0.0001-2% 0.01% Choice of 1-3 Synergists: 0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide 0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264 0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox 0-5.0% 0.7% Pyrethrins 0-5.0% 0.7%

(48) Table 4 lists additional examples of adulticide and larvicidal coating ingredients that can be used in the interior coatings of the container along with a range for each components and preferred percentage for combined adulticidal and larvicidal coating.

(49) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary Ingredients Ingredients Range Amount Choice of Coating 83.0-99.9989% 98.59% Acrylic paint Oil based paint Plastic polymer Choice of Adulticidal Active 0.001-5.0% 0.7% Ingredient: Pyrethroid insecticide Organophosphate insecticide Carbamate insecticide Permethrin 0.2-5.0% 0.7% (pyrethroid) Cypermethrin 0.02-5.0% 0.1% (pyrethroid) Deltamethrin 0.001-5% 0.06% (pyrethroid) Bifenthrin 0.001-5% 0.06% (pyrethroid) Chlorpyrifos 0.2-5.0% 0.5% (organophosphate) Propoxur (carbamate) 0.2-5.0% 0.5% Diazinon 0.2-5.0% 1.0% (organophosphate) Choice of Larvicidal Active 0.0001-2% 0.01% Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis 0.0001-2% 0.01% israelensis Methoprene 0.0001-2% 0.01% Pyroproxifen 0.0001-2% 0.01% Spinosad 0.0001-2% 0.01% Choice of Synergist: 0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide 0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264 0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox 0-5.0% 0.7% Pyrethrins 0-5.0% 0.7%

(50) Table 5 lists the main components along with a range for each components and preferred percentage for an adulticidal coating.

(51) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary Ingredients Ingredients Range Amount Choice of Coating 85.0-98.999% 98.6% Acrylic paint Oil based paint Plastic polymer Choice of Adulticidal Active 0.001-5.0% 0.7% Ingredient: Pyrethroid insecticide Organophosphate insecticide Carbamate insecticide Permethrin 0.2-5.0% 0.7% (pyrethroid) Cypermethrin 0.02-5.0% 0.1% (pyrethroid) Deltamethrin 0.001-5% 0.06% (pyrethroid) Bifenthrin 0.001-5% 0.06% (pyrethroid) Chlorpyrifos 0.2-5.0% 0.5% (organophosphate) Propoxur (carbamate) 0.2-5.0% 0.5% Diazinon 0.2-5.0% 1.0% (organophosphate) Choice of Synergist: 0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide 0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264 0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox 0-5.0% 0.7% Pyrethrins 0-5.0% 0.7%

(52) Table 6 lists the main components along with a range for each components and preferred percentage for larvicidal coating.

(53) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Preferred Main Choice Preferred Exemplary Ingredients Ingredients Range Amount Coating (choice of one) 88.0-99.9999% 99.82% Acrylic paint Oil based paint Plastic polymer Choice of Larvicidal Active 0.0001-2% 0.01% Ingredients: Bacillus 0.0001-2% 0.01% thuringiensis israelensis Methoprene 0.0001-2% 0.01% Pyroproxifen 0.0001-2% 0.01% Spinosad 0.0001-2% 0.01% Choice of 1-3 Synergists: 0-10.0% 0.7% Piperonyl Butoxide 0-10.0% 0.7% MGK-264 0-10.0% 1.4% Etofenprox 0-5.0% 0.7% Pyrethrins 0-5.0% 0.7%

(54) While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.