Shaft sealing arrangement

Abstract

A shaft sealing arrangement includes a first seal and a second seal, wherein the first seal is designed in the form of a lip seal and the second seal is designed in the form of a mechanical seal. When the shaft is at a standstill, the lip seal performs the sealing action and, when the shaft is rotating, the mechanical seal performs the sealing action.

Claims

1. A shaft sealing arrangement, comprising: a shaft, which is mounted in a rotatable manner and extends along an axial axis, a stator, which is arranged around the shaft, and a rotating sealing ring, which is connected to the shaft, wherein a first gap is formed between the stator and the shaft, wherein the stator comprises a first sealing surface, which is arranged downstream of the first gap, as seen in a radial direction, wherein the sealing ring comprises a second sealing surface, which is arranged in a position opposite the first sealing surface, wherein a second gap is formed between the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface, a second sealing unit, which is arranged in the second gap, in the sealing ring, on the second sealing surface, wherein the stator comprises a recess, which is formed in a circumferential direction, wherein the first sealing surface is part of the recess and is arranged in a position opposite the first gap, and wherein the sealing ring comprises a protrusion, which projects into the recess such that the second sealing surface is arranged in a position opposite the first sealing surface.

2. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second sealing unit is designed such that it seals the second gap when the shaft is not rotating and opens the second gap when the shaft is rotating.

3. The shaft-sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the opening of the second gap is activated by centrifugal force.

4. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second sealing unit is designed in the form of a lip seal.

5. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 4, wherein the lip seal has lip elements, wherein the lip elements form a V shape, as seen in cross section, wherein the V shape is designed to become more acutely angled under the influence of centrifugal force.

6. The shaft-sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first sealing surface is formed essentially parallel to the axial axis.

7. The shaft-sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first sealing unit is arranged in the first gap.

8. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first sealing unit, in the first gap is designed in the form of a labyrinth seal.

9. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a mechanical seal, which is arranged adjacent to the sealing ring.

10. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mechanical seal is designed in the form of a dry gas seal.

11. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mechanical seal comprises a slide ring.

12. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 9, further comprising: a gas infeed, which is designed such that a gas can be fed between the stator and the sealing ring.

13. The shaft sealing arrangement as claimed in claim 12, wherein the gas is a dry gas suitable for dry gas seals.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a sealing arrangement according to the prior art,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a sealing arrangement according to the invention,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a sealing arrangement according to the invention, alongside a mechanical seal, at a standstill, and

(5) FIG. 4 shows a sealing arrangement according to the invention from FIG. 3 during operation (when the shaft is rotating).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

(6) FIG. 2 shows a shaft-sealing arrangement 11 according to the invention. The difference between the shaft-sealing arrangement 11 and the shaft-sealing arrangement according to FIG. 1 is that the shaft has a rotating sealing ring 13 which is of extended design in comparison with the sealing ring 13 according to FIG. 1, the second sealing ring 14 being arranged in the extension.

(7) The sealing ring 13 comprises a surface 8, which is arranged opposite a surface 15 of the stator 3. A first gap 16 is formed between the surface 15 and the surface 8. A first sealing unit is arranged in this first gap 16. The first sealing unit can be optimized spacing in the first gap 16. In an alternative embodiment, the first sealing unit can be a labyrinth seal.

(8) The sealing ring 13 is designed to be extended in a radial direction 17 (as seen in relation to the axis of rotation 1). The extension of the sealing ring 13 has a protrusion 18, which projects into a recess 19 in the stator 3. This gives rise to a first sealing surface 20 on the stator 3, said sealing surface being arranged downstream of the first gap 16. A second sealing surface 21 is arranged on the protrusion 18 of the sealing ring 13, in a position opposite the first sealing surface 20. The first sealing surface 20 is formed essentially parallel to the axis of rotation 1. As a result, the second sealing surface 21 is also formed essentially parallel to the axis of rotation 1.

(9) The second sealing surface 21 has a recess 4, in which the second sealing unit 14 is arranged. A second gap 22 is formed between the first sealing surface 20 and the second sealing surface 21.

(10) This shaft-sealing arrangement 11 separates an exterior space 23 from an interior space 24 in terms of flow. The first sealing unit here, in the first gap 16, performs the sealing task during operation, while the shaft 2 is rotating, and the second sealing unit 14, in the second gap 22, performs the sealing action during standstill (when the shaft is not rotating).

(11) FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the shaft-sealing arrangement 11 according to the invention in conjunction with a mechanical seal 25. The mechanical seal 25 essentially comprises a sealing body 26, which is arranged adjacent to a slide ring 27. The sealing body 26 is connected to the sealing ring 13, and therefore the sealing body 26 can be rotated. The slide ring 27, in contrast, is connected to the stator 3 at a fixed location, and therefore, when the shaft 2 is rotating, this gives rise to relative movement between the sealing body 26 and the slide ring 27. A gas infeed 28 is formed in the stator 3, said gas infeed feeding a gas to the shaft-sealing arrangement 11. The gas here flows first of all onto an upper part 29 of the slide ring 27. From there, the gas stream splits into a first branch 30, which leads to the mechanical seal 25 and flows there between the sealing body 26 and the slide ring 27. In FIG. 3, the arrow 31 symbolizes the movement of the gas between the sealing body 26 and the slide ring 27. The gas then flows pretty much into an exterior space 23.

(12) Small flow in a second branch 32 takes place, counter to that of the first branch 30, in the direction of the second sealing unit 14. The second sealing unit 14 is designed in a manner identical to the second sealing unit 14 according to FIG. 2. For reasons of clarity, some reference signs have been omitted.

(13) FIG. 3 shows the standstill state. This means that the shaft 2 is not rotating. The second sealing unit 14 therefore predominantly performs the sealing action (is sealing hermetically). This means that the lip seal 5 is in abutting contact with the first sealing surface 20 and thus gives rise to an optimum sealing action. A gas contaminated by way of an interior space 24 can flow, in part, through the first gap 16, in which a labyrinth seal 33 is arranged. This is symbolized by the arrow 34. However, the contaminated stream (arrow 34) can pass, via further gaps, only as far as the lip seal 5, and cannot reach the mechanical seal 25, which could result in the mechanical seal 25 being damaged. According to the prior art, a permanent inflow would be fed here to the gas infeed 28, which would counteract the contaminated stream 34. The present invention can essentially dispense with this constant inflow. This results in further cost-cutting measures.

(14) That embodiment of the shaft-sealing arrangement 11 which is shown in FIG. 4 has identical design features to the shaft-sealing arrangement 11 according to FIG. 3. The difference between FIG. 4 and FIG. 3 is that FIG. 4 shows the state during operation, that is to say when the shaft is rotating. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the lip seal 5 becomes more acutely angled on account of the centrifugal force, which is oriented in the radial direction 17. This means that the angle a between the first limb 9 and the second limb 10 become smaller. However, this also means that, during rotation, the gap between the first sealing surface 20 and the second sealing surface 21 becomes larger. When the shaft 2 is rotating, the mechanical seal 25 performs the main sealing action. The gas infeed 28 here is such that a predominant part of the gas fed flows into the gap between the first sealing surface 20 and the second sealing surface 21 and, as illustrated in FIG. 4, flows toward the interior space 24. As symbolized by the arrows 36, this effectively prevents contamination of a gas in the interior space 24 in the direction of the shaft-sealing arrangement 11, because the narrow gap 16 in the inner labyrinth generate a high velocity of the gas which ensure buffer action.

(15) Wear to the lip seal 5 is effectively prevented on account of the centrifugal force.

(16) Dry gas seals are comparatively susceptible to contamination from the interior space 24. The gas which is fed to the gas infeed 28 is usually process gas from the interior space 24, said process gas being reprocessed, filtered, etc., in elaborate installations and being fed to the mechanical seal 25. In the standstill state, the stream flowing out of the gas infeed 28 would not be sufficient to establish a counterpressure in relation to the contaminated gas from the interior space 24. The lip seal 5 according to the invention is therefore very effective, since it counteracts contamination from the interior space 24.

(17) Without the lip seal 5 according to the invention, it would still be necessary to have a so-called gas booster which, in the standstill state, has to maintain a comparatively high inflow of gas via the gas infeed in order to exhibit a counterpressure in relation to the process gas prepared in the interior space 24. The invention, then, can dispense with such a booster.

(18) Although the invention has been specifically illustrated and described in detail by way of the preferred exemplary embodiment, the invention is not restricted by the examples disclosed, and a person skilled in the art can deduce other variations therefrom without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.