Protection arrangement for an electric vehicle

Abstract

A protection arrangement for a current collector arranged on a vehicle having a rechargeable energy storage includes a first protective state in which the current collector is covered by the protection arrangement and a second open state in which the protection arrangement allows contact between the current collector and a corresponding current supply during charging of the energy storage and where the protection arrangement is automatically opened from the protective state to the open state when the vehicle has reached a predefined charging position. The current collector can be enclosed when the vehicle is not charged and the protection arrangement can open automatically when a charging position is reached. This can improve the safety of the vehicle and obviate the need of a specific circuit breaker that can disconnect the current collector from the electric energy storage. The charging of the vehicle can also be simplified.

Claims

1. A protection arrangement tier a current collector arranged on a vehicle having an electric propulsion unit and a rechargeable energy storage, where the protection arrangement comprises a cover having a first protective state in which the current collector is covered by the cover and a second open state in which the protection arrangement allows contact between the current collector and a corresponding current supply means during charging of the energy storage, wherein the cover is automatically opened from the protective state to the open state when the vehicle has reached a predefined charging position; and wherein the cover is spring-loaded to automatically close the cover from the second open state to the first, protective state when a closing signal is issued.

2. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the transition to the open state is, initiated by a specific opening signal.

3. The protection arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the opening signal is issued when the vehicle reaches a predefined position.

4. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the opening signal is issued when the vehicle has stopped.

5. The protection arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the opening signal is issued when a request for charging is issued.

6. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein closing signal is issued when the vehicle starts to move.

7. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein closing signal is issued when the vehicle leaves the charging position.

8. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein closing signal is issued when a person is in the vicinity of the current collector.

9. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the protection arrangement is arranged on the roof of the electric vehicle.

10. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle comprising a combustion engine.

11. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the rechargeable energy source is a battery or a super capacitor.

12. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the protection arrangement is a pivotable cover which opens upwards.

13. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the protection arrangement is a slidable cover which is arranged to slide parallel to the driving direction of the vehicle.

14. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the protection arrangement is a cover which is arranged to part sideways, perpendicular to the driving direction of the vehicle.

15. The protection arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the protection arrangement is a dividable cover.

16. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the protection arrangement is opened by an electric means or a compressed air means when the opening signal is issued.

17. The protection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the protection arrangement is opened by a pushing means arranged on the current supply means.

18. An electric vehicle comprising a protection arrangement according to claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will be described in greater detail in the following, with reference to the attached drawings, in which

(2) FIG. 1a shows a schematic first embodiment of a protection arrangement according to the invention in a closed state,

(3) FIG. 1b shows a schematic first embodiment of a protection arrangement according to the invention in an open state,

(4) FIG. 2a shows a schematic second embodiment of a protection arrangement according to the invention in a closed state,

(5) FIG. 2b shows a schematic second embodiment of a protection arrangement according to the invention in an open state,

(6) FIG. 3a shows a schematic development of the second embodiment of the protection arrangement according to the invention in a closed state,

(7) FIG. 3b shows the development of the second embodiment of a protection arrangement according to the invention in an open state,

(8) FIG. 4a shows a further schematic development of the second embodiment of the protection arrangement according to the invention,

(9) FIG. 4b shows the further development of the second embodiment of a protection arrangement according to the invention in an open state, and

(10) FIG. 5 shows a schematic electric vehicle according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(11) The embodiments of the invention with further developments described in the following are to be regarded only as examples and are in no way to limit the scope of the protection provided by the claims.

(12) FIGS. 1a and b shows a schematic first embodiment of a protection arrangement for a current collector according to the invention. In this embodiment, the current collector 3 is a pantograph and the protection arrangement 1 comprises two pivotable covers 2. The pantograph is used to connect an external current source to a rechargeable energy source, such as a battery or super capacitor, installed in the electric vehicle. The pantograph is preferably mounted on the roof of the vehicle, but it would also be possible to mount it under the vehicle such that it folds down towards a conductor rail below the vehicle. In the shown example, the pantograph folds up towards a conductor line 6 or conductor surface positioned above the vehicle, somewhat similar to the pantograph used by trams or trains. However, the mechanical design is less demanding since the pantograph will only be used for charging the vehicle battery when the vehicle is stationary, i.e. when the vehicle stands still at the charging station. Preferably, two pantographs are mounted side by side or after each other on the roof in order to provide two poles for the connection. It would also be possible to provide a return line, e.g. a ground connection, at a different location but two pantographs mounted on the roof simplifies the system and enables a safe charging of the battery. The pantographs may be mounted under the same protection arrangement using the same covers or each pantograph may have a separate cover. The pivotable covers 2 are preferably pushed open by the same action that pushes up the pantograph. It is preferred that the pantograph is pushed up by an active means, such as an electric actuator, and that the pantograph is spring-loaded such that it folds down automatically when e.g. the power to the electric actuator is disconnected.

(13) The covers in the shown example are operated by the same mechanism that operates the pantographs. The covers are opened by an opening signal which is e.g. issued when the vehicle is close to or positioned at the charging position. The covers are preferably spring-loaded such that they close when the pantograph folds down. The covers may comprise a spring in the pivot or may use an external spring. With the use of pantographs, the charging position may vary some in a sideway direction. In this way, it is possible for the driver of the vehicle to position the vehicle in the charging position such that the contact surfaces of the pantograph can contact the conductor lines.

(14) FIGS. 2 to 4 show a schematic second embodiment of a protection arrangement for a current collector according to the invention. In this embodiment, the current collector 10 is a fixed contact surface mounted on the roof of a vehicle and the protection arrangement 1 comprises a movable cover, in the first example a slideable cover 11. The contact surface is used to connect an external current source to a battery installed in the electric vehicle. The contact surface is preferably mounted on the roof of the vehicle, but it would also be possible to mount it under the vehicle. The contact surface is adapted to be contacted to a current supply means that will approach the contact surface when the vehicle is at the charging position at the charging station. The current supply means may be spring-loaded. The contact surface preferably extends somewhat from the roof of the vehicle.

(15) The current supply means is mounted at the charging station. The current supply means may be a fixed means that is mounted in a position that automatically contacts the contact surface when the vehicle is driven to a predefined charging position. In such a case, the current supply means is preferably mounted in a resilient way such that a small variation in the positioning of the vehicle is adapted for. The current supply means may also be movable such that it moves to the charging position before or after the vehicle has entered the charging position at the charging station. When the vehicle is parked at the charging position, which may be a small area comprising a charging zone, the movable current supply means is moved to contact the contact surfaces. The exact positioning may be found using sensors.

(16) Preferably, two contact surfaces are mounted side by side or after each other on the roof in order to provide two poles for the connection. It would also be possible to provide a return line, e.g. a ground connection, at a different location but two contact surfaces mounted on the roof simplifies the system and enables a safe charging of the battery. The contact surfaces may be mounted under the same protection arrangement using the same covers or each contact surface may have a separate cover.

(17) FIG. 2a shows a closed slidable cover 11. The arrow indicates the sliding direction of the cover. This direction is towards the rear of the vehicle. The cover may be opened by a pushing means arranged at the charging station or it may be opened by an active means, such as an electric actuator or a compressed air valve which opens the cover when an opening signal is issued. The opening signal may be issued by the charging station when the vehicle is positioned close to or at the charging position. The opening signal may also be issued by the vehicle when a charging process is requested by the vehicle, e.g. when the batteries are below a specific energy level. The cover is preferably spring-loaded such that it closes when the current supply means is removed or when a catch is released by as closing signal. The catch may e.g. be an electric catch that releases when the power is disconnected, such that the cover also can close at a power failure. This improves the safety. FIG. 2b shows the slidable cover in an open state with the corresponding current supply means 12 contacting the current collectors 10.

(18) FIG. 3a shows another example of a closed slidable cover 11. The arrow indicates the sliding direction of the cover. This direction is towards the rear of the vehicle. The cover 11 is in this example opened by a pushing means 13 which is arranged on the current supply means 12, e.g. being a charging bar with a resiliently suspended contact. The pushing means is adapted to interact with a protrusion 14 or other bearing surface on the cover, such that the cover is pushed open when the vehicle drives in to the charging station or when the movable current supply means is positioned at the charging position. At the same time, the resiliently suspended contact of the charging bar will contact the contact surface 10 of the vehicle. This is shown in FIG. 3b. When the battery or capacitor is charged enough and the charging should be aborted, the charging bar is released, e.g. by raising it upwards, and the pushing means 13 releases the cover which slides back to the closed state. The cover is preferably spring-loaded such that it closes automatically when the pushing means is removed.

(19) FIG. 4a shows a further example of a closed cover 15. In this example, the cover 15 comprises two halves that are arranged to divide or slide sideways when the vehicle enters the charging station. The arrows indicate the opening direction of the cover. The cover 15 is in this example opened by a pushing means which may be arranged on the current supply means or on the charging station. It is also possible to open the covers by an opening signal that is issued when the vehicle approaches the charging position or when the vehicle is positioned at the charging position. Preferably, the pushing means is arranged on the current supply means, e.g. a charging bar with a resiliently suspended contact. The pushing means will push against inclined surfaces 16 of the cover, which will part the two cover halves. The cover halves will either slide sideways or will rotate sideways such that an opening in the middle, between the cover halves, is created. The resiliently suspended contact will in this way be able to contact the contact surface and the battery or capacitor can be charged. This is shown in FIG. 4b. When the charging is completed, the charging bar may be raised such that the cover can close. The cover is preferably spring-loaded such that it closes automatically when the pushing means is removed. The cover will also close automatically if the vehicle drives forwards. In this way, the pushing means and the current supply means will leave the contact surface and the cover can close automatically. This example is suitable when the battery or capacitor is to be charged at every stop. It is also possible to close the covers with a closing signal that is issued when the charging is completed or when the vehicle leaves the charging position. The cover may also be a single cover which slides sideways to open in order to allow contact between the current collector and the current supply means.

(20) FIG. 5 shows a schematic electric vehicle 20 provided with two current supply means it the form of two contact surfaces 10. The electric vehicle is provided with an electric propulsion unit consisting of an electric machine 22 which can function both as a generator and as an electric motor. The electric machine is powered from an electric energy storage 23 which may be either a battery or a super capacitor. A control unit 24 controls the charging of the electric energy storage from the external power source through the contact surfaces 10. The control unit also controls the current fed to the electric machine from the energy storage when the electric machine is used as an electric motor and the current fed to the energy storage from the electric machine when the electric machine is used as a generator. The electric machine will function as a generator when the electric machine is used to recuperate energy when the vehicle brakes. The generator may also be driven by a combustion engine 21 when the vehicle is a plug-in hybrid vehicle. It is possible to use a central electric machine or to position one electric machine in two or more wheels of the vehicle. The electric vehicle is preferably a heavy vehicle such as a bus or a distribution truck, but also highway trucks may be provided with similar current collectors.

(21) The invention is not to be regarded as being limited to the embodiments described above, a number of additional variants and modifications being possible within the scope of the subsequent claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS

(22) 1: Protection arrangement 2: Pivotable cover 3: Pantograph 4: Closed state 5: Open state 6: Conductor rail 10: Contact surface 11: Slidable cover 12: Current supply means 13: Pushing means 14: Bearing surface 15: Cover half 16: Inclined surface 20: Electric vehicle 21: Combustion engine 22: Electric machine 23: Electric energy storage 24: Control unit