Compositions Comprising Phase Change Materials and Methods of Making the Same

Abstract

In one aspect, compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a phase change material, a hydrophobic sorption material, and a viscosity modifier. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a foam and a latent heat storage material dispersed in the foam, the latent heat storage material comprising a phase change material and a hydrophobic sorption material.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: a phase change material (PCM) comprising (a) one or more fatty acids, one or more alkyl esters of a fatty acid, one or more fatty alcohols, one or more fatty sulfonates or phosphonates, or a combination thereof; and (b) one or more inorganic salt hydrates, wherein the PCM is present in the composition in an amount of at least 95 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.

2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising an ionic liquid.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ionic liquid is imidazolium-based, pyridinium-based, or choline-based.

4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ionic liquid comprises 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1,3-Bis(3-cyanopropyl)imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,3-Bis(3-cyanopropyl)imidazolium chloride, 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 4-(3-Butyl-1-imidazolio)-1-butanesulfonate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-(3-Cyanopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, 1-Decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1,3-Diethoxyimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,3-Diethoxyimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1,3-Dihydroxyimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,3-Dimethoxy-2-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium L-(+)-lactate, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate, 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-Methylimidazolium chloride, 1-Methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride, 1-Methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 1-Methyl-3-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1,2,3-Trimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate, 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride, 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 1-Butylpyridinium bromide, 1-(3-Cyanopropyl)pyridinium chloride, 1-Ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 3-Methyl-1-propylpyridinium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide, or Cholin acetate.

5. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a sugar, sugar alcohol, or sugar derivative.

6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the ionic liquid comprises glycol-choline, glycerol-choline, erythritol-choline, threitol-choline, arabitol-choline, xylitol-choline, ribitol-choline, mannitol-choline, sorbitol-choline, dulcitol-choline, iditol-choline, isomalt-choline, maltitol-choline, or lactitol-choline.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the PCM comprises one or more fatty acids or alkyl esters of a fatty acid.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the PCM comprises one or more fatty alcohols.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the PCM comprises a plurality of differing fatty acids, alkyl esters of a fatty acid, fatty alcohols, fatty sulfonates and/or fatty phosphonates.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the PCM comprises a C4 to C28 aliphatic hydrocarbon tail.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon tail is saturated or unsaturated.

12. The composition of claim 10, wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbon tail is branched or linear.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt hydrate comprises KF?4H.sub.2O, Mn(NO.sub.3).sub.2?6H.sub.2O, CaCl.sub.2?6H.sub.2O, CaBr.sub.2?6H.sub.2O, Li(NO.sub.3)?6H.sub.2O, Na.sub.2SO.sub.4?10H.sub.2O, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3?10H.sub.2O, Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4?12H.sub.2O, Zn(NO.sub.3).sub.2?6H.sub.2O, Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2?3H.sub.2O, Na(NO.sub.3).sub.2?6H.sub.2O, Zn(NO.sub.3).sub.2?2H.sub.2O, FeCl.sub.3?2H.sub.2O, Co(NO.sub.3).sub.2?6H.sub.2O, Ni(NO.sub.3).sub.2?6H.sub.2O, MnCl.sub.2?4H.sub.2O, CH.sub.3COONa?3H.sub.2O, LiC.sub.2H.sub.3O.sub.2?2H.sub.2O, MgCl.sub.2?4H.sub.2O, NaOH?H.sub.2O, Cd(NO.sub.3).sub.2?4H.sub.2O, Cd(NO.sub.3).sub.2?1H.sub.2O, Fe(NO.sub.3).sub.2?6H.sub.2O, NaAl(SO.sub.4).sub.2?12H.sub.2O, FeSO.sub.4?7H.sub.2O, Na.sub.3PO.sub.4?12H.sub.2O, Na.sub.2B.sub.4O.sub.7?10H.sub.2O, Na.sub.3PO.sub.4?12H.sub.2O, LiCH.sub.3COO?H.sub.2O, or a mixture thereof.

14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the inorganic salt hydrate comprises a phosphate and/or sulfate salt hydrate.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a solid-to-gel transition between ?50? C. and 100? C. at 1 atm, and a latent heat of at least 100 J/g.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is free or substantially free of water.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is non-flammable or substantially non-flammable.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition consists essentially of the PCM and the one or more inorganic salt hydrates.

19. The composition of claim 13, wherein the inorganic salt hydrate comprises a nitrate salt hydrate.

20. The composition of claim 13, wherein the inorganic salt hydrate comprises a chloride salt hydrate.

Description

EXAMPLE 1

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0141] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 8 kg myristic acid (Univar) and 1.6 kg myristic alcohol (Univar) were added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 70? C. Next, after 30 minutes of mixing, 0.3 kg hydroxypropyl cellulose (Ashland) and 0.1 kg of xylitol-choline chloride ionic liquid (QuarTek) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 2

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0142] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 9.6 kg lauric acid (Univar) was added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 50? C. Next, after 30 minutes of mixing, 0.3 kg fumed silica aerogel (Cab-O-Sil, Cabot) and 0.1 kg xylitol-choline chloride ionic liquid (QuarTek) were added gradually. Mixing, was continued for another 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 3

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0143] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 8 myristic acid (Univar) and 1.6 kg myristic alcohol (Univar) were added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 70? C. Next, after 30 minutes of mixing, 0.3 kg filmed silica aerogel (Cab-O-Sil, Cabot) and 0.1 kg xylitol-choline chloride ionic liquid. (QuarTek) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 4

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0144] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 9.6 lauric acid (Univar) was added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 50? C. Next, after 30 minutes of mixing, 0.3 kg fumed aerogel (Cab-O-Sil, Cabot) and 0.1 kg methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 5

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0145] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 9 kg lauryl alcohol (Univar) was added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 30? C. Next, after 30 minutes of mixing, 0.3 kg fumed silica aerogel (Cab-O-Sil, Cabot) and 0.1 kg methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 6

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0146] A composition comprising as PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 9.6 kg lauryl alcohol (Univar) was added to as 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 30? C. is after 30 minutes of mixing, 0.3 kg fumed silica aerogel (Cab-O-Sil, Cabot) and 0.1 kg xylitol-choline chloride ionic liquid (QuarTek) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 7

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0147] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 8 kg myristic acid (Univar) and 1.6 kg myristic alcohol (Univar) were added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 70? C. Next, after 30 minutes of mixing, 0.3 kg fumed silica aerogel (Cab-O-Sil, Cabot) and 0.1 kg methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 8

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0148] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 8 kg, myristic acid (Univar) and 1.6 kg myristic alcohol (Univar) were added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 70? C. Next, after 30 minutes of mixing, 0.3 kg fumed silica aerogel (Cab-O-Sil, Cabot), 0.09 kg methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF), and 0.01 kg dibutyltin catalyst (D.B. Becker) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 10 minutes.

EXAMPLE 9

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0149] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 8.3 kg lauric acid (Univar) was added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 70? C. Next, after 15 minutes of mixing. 1.5 kg SBC (G1651HU, Kraton Polymers) and 0.2 kg xylitol-choline chloride ionic liquid (QuarTek) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 15 minutes at 90? C.

EXAMPLE 10

Composition Comprising a PCM

[0150] A composition comprising a PCM described herein was prepared as follows. First, 8.3 kg lauric acid (Univar) was added to a 10 gallon tank equipped with a mixer and heated at 70? C. Next, after 15 minutes of mixing, 1.5 kg SBC (G1651HU, Kraton Polymers) and 0.2 kg methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASE) were added gradually. Mixing was continued for another 10 minutes.

[0151] EXAMPLE 11

Method of Making a Foam

[0152] A composition comprising a foam described herein was prepared as follows. First, 250 g of the composition of Example 1 and 240 g castor oil (DIC Laboratories Inc.) were added to a 1 gallon tank equipped with a mixer. Next, after 2 minutes of mixing, 120 g methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF), 2 g dibutyltin laurate, and 30 g water were added sequentially to the tank. Mixing was carried out for one minute in between each addition. In addition, mixing was continued for another minute after the last addition. Then, the entire mixture was poured into a container having a length, width, and height corresponding to the desired dimensions of the foam composition.

EXAMPLE 12

Method of Making a Foam

[0153] A composition comprising a foam described herein was prepared as follows. First, 250 g of the composition of Example 2 and 240 g castor oil (DIC Laboratories Inc.) were added to a 1 gallon tank equipped with a mixer. Next, after 2 minutes of mixing, 120 g methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF), 2 g dibutyltin laurate, and 30 g water were added sequentially to the tank. Mixing was carried out for one minute in between each addition. In addition, mixing was continued for another minute after the last addition. Then, the entire mixture was poured into a container having a length, width, and height corresponding to the desired dimensions of the foam composition.

EXAMPLE 13

Method of Making a Foam

[0154] A composition comprising a foam described herein was prepared as follows. First, 250 g of the composition of Example 3 and 240 g castor oil (DIC Laboratories Inc.) were added to a 1 gallon tank equipped with a mixer. Next, after 2 minutes of mixing, 120 g methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF), 2 g dibutyltin laurate, and 30 g water were added sequentially to the tank. Mixing was carried out for one minute in between each addition. In addition, mixing was continued for another minute after the last addition. Then, the entire mixture was poured into a container having a length, width, and height corresponding to the desired dimensions of the foam composition.

EXAMPLE 14

Method of Making a Foam

[0155] A composition comprising a foam described herein was prepared as follows. First, 240 g castor oil (DIC Laboratories Inc.) was placed in a 1 gallon tank equipped with a mixer. Next, 120 g methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF) was added to the tank, following by mixing for 1 minute and then the addition of 2 g dibutyltin laurate. Then 250 g of the composition of Example 1 was added while mixing, followed by the addition of 30 g water. Mixing was continued for another minute after the last addition. The entire mixture was then poured into a container having a length, width, and height corresponding to the desired dimensions of the foam composition.

EXAMPLE 15

Method of Making a Foam

[0156] A composition comprising a foam described herein was prepared as follows. First, 240 g castor oil (DIC Laboratories Inc.) was placed in a 1 gallon tank equipped with a mixer. Next, 120 g methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASE) was added to the tank, following by mixing for 1 minute and then the addition of 2 g dibutyltin laurate. Then 250 g of the composition of Example 2 was added while mixing, followed by the addition of 30 g water. Mixing was continued for another minute after the last addition. The entire mixture was then poured into a container having a length, width, and height corresponding to the desired dimensions of the foam composition.

EXAMPLE 16

Method or Making a Foam

[0157] A composition comprising a foam described herein was prepared as follows. First, 240 g castor oil (Die Laboratories Inc.) was placed in a 1 gallon tank equipped with a mixer. Next, 120 g methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (BASF) was added to the tank, following by mixing for 1 minute and then the addition of 2 g dibutyltin laurate. Then 250 g of the composition of Example 3 was added while mixing, followed by the addition of 30 g water. Mixing was continued for another minute, after the last addition. The entire mixture was then poured into a container having a length, width, and height corresponding to the desired dimensions of the foam composition.

[0158] Various embodiments of the invention have been described in fulfillment of the various objectives of the invention. It should be recognized that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Numerous modifications and adaptations thereof will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.