Reversing propulsion device for watercraft

Abstract

A human propelled watercraft having a pair of flexible fins extending into the water each adapted to oscillate through an arcuate path in a generally transverse direction with respect to the central longitudinal dimension of said watercraft. Pedals are provided for applying input force whereby as input force is applied, the flexible fins can twist to form an angle of attack for providing forward thrust with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft while moving in both directions along the arcuate path. The user can pull a lever and cause the fins to rotate 180 and produce thrust in the reverse direction. The fins are able to pivot and swing aft to avoid damage if there is a collision with a submerged object. The fins are more efficient, durable, and adjustable. Simple plastic roller bearings have been adapted to reduce mechanical friction without the need for oil seals.

Claims

1. A novel device adapted to be placed in a watercraft, said device including propulsion means extending below the water line comprising a pair of flexible fins each having leading and trailing edges and adapted to oscillate through an arcuate path in a generally transverse direction with respect to the central longitudinal dimension of said watercraft, and means operatively associated with said propulsion means for applying input force to said propulsion means whereby as input force is applied said flexible fins can twist to form an angle of attack for providing forward thrust with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft while moving in both directions along said arcuate path, each said fin being carried at the upper extent of said trailing edge by a fixed pivot and wherein when said leading edge strikes a resistance element, said fin pivots aft to clear the resistance element and rotates forward and resumes producing thrust upon clearing the resistance element.

2. A novel watercraft having propulsion means extending below the water line comprising a pair of flexible fins each having leading and trailing edges and adapted to oscillate through an arcuate path in a generally transverse direction with respect to the central longitudinal dimension of said watercraft, and means operatively associated with said propulsion means for applying input force to said propulsion means whereby as input force is applied said flexible fins can twist to form an angle of attack for providing forward thrust with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft while moving in both directions along said arcuate path, each said fin being carried at the upper extent of said trailing edge by a fixed pivot and wherein when said leading edge strikes a resistance element, said fin pivots aft to clear the resistance element and rotates forward and resumes producing thrust upon clearing the resistance element.

3. A novel watercraft having propulsion means extending below the water line comprising a pair of flexible fins each having leading and trailing edges and each adapted to oscillate through an arcuate path in a generally transverse direction with respect to the central longitudinal dimension of said watercraft, means for positioning said propulsion means to propel said watercraft forward and to rotate said propulsion means approximately 180 with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft to propel said watercraft aft, and means operatively associated with said propulsion means for applying input force to said propulsion means whereby as input force is applied, said flexible fins can twist to form an angle of attack for providing forward or aft thrust with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft while moving said flexible fins in both directions along said arcuate path, each said fin being carried at the upper extent of said trailing edges by a fixed pivot and the upper extent of said leading edge by a retainer which is normally engaged while being disengageable when said leading edge strikes a resistance element allowing said fin to pivot aft to clear the resistance element and re-engageable as the fin rotates forward and resumes producing thrust.

4. A novel device adapted to be placed in a watercraft, said device including propulsion means extending below the water line comprising a pair of flexible fins each carried by a mast and adapted to oscillate through an arcuate path in a generally transverse direction with respect to the central longitudinal dimension of said watercraft, and means operatively associated with said propulsion means for applying input force to said propulsion means whereby as input force is applied said flexible fins can twist to form an angle of attack for providing forward thrust with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft while moving in both directions along said arcuate path, wherein said fins have essentially hard leading and trailing edges which join to form a thinner tip and the area between said edges being of a softer, flexible material which is flexible in bending and wherein each of said fins having therein a mast receiving opening aligned with and aft of said leading edge, said mast receiving opening receiving said mast, said mast receiving opening comprising a substantially circular opening attached to an aft extending elongated opening to resemble a keyhole in cross-section, wherein said elongated opening provides enhanced torsional flexibility to the fin during motion.

5. The device of claim 4 wherein said leading edge, trailing edge and tip of said fins has a hardness of about 80D, the area between said edges has a hardness of about 40D, and the thinner tip is about 0.06 inches.

6. A novel watercraft having propulsion means extending below the water line comprising a pair of flexible fins each carried by a mast and adapted to oscillate through an arcuate path in a generally transverse direction with respect to the central longitudinal dimension of said watercraft, and means operatively associated with said propulsion means for applying input force to said propulsion means whereby as input force is applied said flexible fins can twist to form an angle of attack for providing forward thrust with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft while moving in both directions along said arcuate path, wherein said fins have essentially hard leading and trailing edges which join to form a thinner tip and the area between said edges being of a softer, flexible material which is flexible in bending and wherein each of said fins having therein a mast receiving opening aligned with and aft of said leading edge, said mast receiving opening receiving said mast, said mast receiving opening comprising a substantially circular opening attached to an aft extending elongated opening to resemble a keyhole in cross-section, wherein said elongated opening provides enhanced torsional flexibility to the fin during motion.

7. A novel watercraft having propulsion means extending below the water line comprising a pair of flexible fins each carried by a mast and adapted to oscillate through an arcuate path in a generally transverse direction with respect to the central longitudinal dimension of said watercraft, means for positioning said propulsion means to propel said watercraft forward and to rotate said propulsion means approximately 180 with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft to propel said watercraft aft, and means operatively associated with said propulsion means for applying input force to said propulsion means whereby as input force is applied, said flexible fins can twist to form an angle of attack for providing forward or aft thrust with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the watercraft while moving said flexible fins in both directions along said arcuate path, wherein said fins have essentially hard leading and trailing edges which join to form a thinner tip and the area between said edges being of a softer material which is flexible in bending and wherein each of said fins having therein a mast receiving opening aligned with and aft of said leading edge, said mast receiving opening receiving said mast, said mast receiving opening comprising a substantially circular opening attached to an aft extending elongated opening to resemble a keyhole in cross-section, wherein said elongated opening provides enhanced torsional flexibility to the fin during motion.

8. The watercraft of claim 2, 3, 6 or 7 wherein the watercraft is a kayak having a hull, keel and a cockpit.

Description

THE DRAWINGS

(1) Turning to the drawings.

(2) FIG. 1 is a side view of a kayak with a cut away of the hull to show the present invention.

(3) FIG. 2 is a top view of a kayak with the present invention

(4) FIG. 3 is a side view of the invention.

(5) FIG. 4 is a front view of the invention.

(6) FIG. 5 is a detail view of FIG. 4.

(7) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an exploded view of the sprocket assembly.

(8) FIG. 7 is a side view of the sprocket gear.

(9) FIG. 8 is cross section view of the sprocket assembly.

(10) FIG. 9 is a side view of the sprocket assembly.

(11) FIG. 10 is a side view of the under molding of the fin.

(12) FIG. 11 is detail view of the top of the fin.

(13) FIG. 12 is a section view of the fin.

(14) FIG. 13 is a section view of the fin.

(15) FIG. 14 shows a comparison of positive camber and negative camber.

(16) FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of the under molding of the fin.

(17) FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of the fin assembly.

(18) FIG. 17 shows a side view of the fin assembly.

(19) FIG. 18 shows an exploded view showing the bearings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(20) One preferred embodiment is a pedaled kayak propelled by the penguin like action of two transversely oscillating fins. As the force on the pedals is increased, the less restrained end of the fin will twist to assume a propeller like shape. As the fins oscillate, they change pitch or shape upon reaching the end of their arcuate movement, viz, when they simultaneously reverse direction of movement at the opposite ends of their arcuate pathway. This sail action is somewhat similar to what happens when tacking in a sailboat in that the sails exert, in both of their directions of movement, a forward thrust component.

(21) Turning to the drawings in more detail, the drawings illustrate an embodiment of the invention in the form of a kayak having a generally elongated hull 10 made, for example, by rotomolding from a plastic such as polyethylene. The cockpit 12 also contains a set of pedals 18 and 20 adapted to be pushed, first one and then the other, by the user's feet. The hull 10 is also provided with a rudder 22 and tiller 24.

(22) The pedals 18 and 20 are operatively connected by pedal shafts 26 and 28, respectively, to the propulsion means which extends downwardly through hole 34 of hull 10.

(23) The drums 36 and 38 are rotatable about the fixed longitudinal steel shaft 40 which is connected to spine 110 and hull 10.

(24) The rotatable sprockets 37 and 39 carry radially extending rigid shafts 42. The mast gear 50 rotates on shafts 42 and is secured by 10-320.5 truss head screws 54. Delrin balls 58 and springs 62 are installed in holes in the sprockets 37 and 39. The balls 58 are pressed against the mast gear 50 and fall into the detents 66 and 68 when the fins are in the forward thrust position or the reverse thrust position. The -201.5 hex head bolt 74 with lock nuts 78 secure mast link 70 to the mast gears 50.

(25) The fin 46 is secured to the mast link 70 with bolts 74. The reverse gear 84 is secured to the sprocket 37 with retaining ring 88. The teeth of reverse gear 84 meshes with the teeth of the mast gear 50 at a 1:1 ratio. The fairings 102 reduce the hydrodynamic drag.

(26) The masts 57 project in a generally downwardly direction so that they always remain in the water. The masts support the fins 46 and 48, respectively, at their leading edges 47. Each of the fins is rotatable about its mast, so that the edge of the fins opposite the leading edge which is trailing edge 49 can move from one side to the other with respect to the longitudinal center line of sprockets 37 and 39. This action results in both fins exerting of forward force or push on the watercraft in both directions of transverse movement of the fins, providing superior efficiency and speed. The extent of travel or movement of the trailing edges 49 is limited in two ways: a) the tension in the trailing edge 49 is adjusted with a set screw 90 and b) the travel of the clew of the fin is limited by the shim 94.

(27) The sprockets 37 and 39 are connected to the drums 36 and 38 through the chain assemblies 98 and 100. The drums rotate relative to the sprockets in 1:4 ratio.

(28) Lever 106 is pivotally attached to shaft 108 and causes shaft 108 to slide through a hole 109 in spine 110. Cams 112 are secured to shaft 108 with a set screw 116. When the lever 106 is moved forward the cams move forward and press down on the forward cam lifters 120 which press down on springs 124 which press down on pins 128. The pins press down onto sprocket gears 84. The tips of the pins slide on sprocket gears until the either pedal 18 or 20 is pressed all the way forward and the sprockets reach the end of their stroke. At that point the pins drop into the front groove 140 on the sprocket gear. The pins prevent the sprocket gear from turning with the sprocket. When a next stroke begins the sprocket gear will force the mast gear to rotate. As the sprocket rotates through a full cycle of 180 degrees the mast gear rotates 180 degrees from the reverse thrust position to the forward thrust position. If the lever is left in the forward position and the pin is left down, the sprocket gear will rotate freely with the pin moving in the forward groove.

(29) When the lever 106 is pulled aft cams 112 press down on the reverse cam lifters 150 which press down on springs 154 which press down on pins 158. The pins press down onto sprocket gears and the tips of the pins slide on sprocket gears as the sprocket gears rotate. When either pedal 18 or 20 is pressed all the way forward and the sprockets reach the end of their stroke the pins drop into the rear groove 144. The rear groove is 180 degrees opposed to the front groove and so when the pin drops in the rear groove the fin assembly will rotate into the reverse thrust position. The four springs 125 lift up on the pins to return them to the neutral position.

(30) If the fin 46 contacts a submerged object the mast link 70 will pivot aft about bolt 74 which is a fixed point. When the fin produces thrust again, the fin and mast link will pivot forward. When the mast link rotates forward the metal rod 160 depresses the plastic clip 164 and snaps into the forward position. This action holds the mast and fin in the forward position.

(31) The fin is produced from two separate moldsthe under molding and the over molding. The under molding 200 comprises the majority of the periphery of the fin, the leading edge 47, the trailing edge 49 and the thinner tip 53. The over molding comprises the core of the fin. The periphery of the fin is vulnerable to damage and so it is desirable to make the under molding from material which is as hard and tough as possible. Hard and tough materials are typically stiffer and do not allow the fin to twist sufficiently.

(32) FIG. 13 shows a cross section of the under molding and shows that the leading edge 47 is not a complete tube which is flexible in torsion. As clearly shown in FIG. 13, each of the fins has a mast receiving opening 55 aligned with and aft of the leading edge, the mast receiving opening receiving the mast, the mast receiving opening comprising a substantially circular opening attached to an aft extending elongated opening to resemble a keyhole in cross-section, wherein the elongated opening provides enhanced torsional flexibility to the fin during motion. FIG. 12 shows how thin the under molding is in the thinner tip 53 of the fin which is flexible in bending. This invention will allow the under molding to be as hard as 80 D. The over molding is not as vulnerable and it should have a hardness of about 40 A.

(33) The tip of the mast link 70 bears on the set screw 90 in the top 59 of the fin 46. By changing the location of the set screw the tension in the leach can be changed which changes the torsional stiffness of the fin.

(34) The clew 202 of the fin 46 is free to slide on bolt 74 in the gap 204 of the mast gear 50. This motion will allow the base of the fin to rotate about +/7 degrees. If the shim 94 is rotated into position the fin will be restricted to stay on center line which corresponds to a higher angle of attack, a higher pitch propeller, or a higher gear.

(35) There are five rotating parts with significant loads on them that can produce significant friction; two drums 36 and 38, two sprockets 37 and 39, and the idler pulley 168. The roller bearings 170 go into the drum 36 and 38 and then they slide onto the shaft 40 which is mounted to the spine 110. These roller bearings will roll between the plastic drum and the stainless steel shaft. The roller bearings 174 go into the sprockets 37 and 39 and then the sprocket shaft 178 mounts the sprockets to the spine 110. The idler pulley 168 rolls on roller bearings 180 on the shaft 182.

(36) These rollers are made from diameter delrin rod. There are fifteen bearings in each of the drums and twelve bearings in each of the sprockets and idler pulley. The bearings are about 1.5 long in the drums, 3.5 long in the sprockets, and about 1.2 long in the idler pulley. These bearings would not tolerate debris. There are ten felt washers 184 one each end of each set of rollers which allow water in, but filter dirt out. The ten plastic washer 186 protects the felt washer from the roller bearings.