Multipath mitigation circuit for home network

Abstract

A filter circuit is provided having multipath interference mitigation. The filter includes a signal path extending from an input to an output. The signal path includes a conductive path and a ground. A pass band filter is disposed along the signal path between the input and the output. The pass band filter passes a first frequency spectrum in a provider bandwidth, and attenuates a second frequency spectrum in a home network bandwidth. The filter circuit further includes a multipath interference mitigation leg operatively branched from the signal path. The multipath interference mitigation leg increases a return loss of the home network bandwidth. A frequency response of the filter circuit is characterized by an insertion loss characteristic between the input and the output being less than 3 dB in the provider bandwidth, and more than 20 dB in the home network bandwidth.

Claims

1. A filter circuit, comprising: a pass band filter portion disposed along a signal path between a provider-side port and a user-side port, the pass band filter portion configured to pass a first frequency spectrum in a provider bandwidth and attenuate a second frequency spectrum in a home network bandwidth; and a multipath interference mitigation leg operatively branched in parallel from the pass band filter portion, the multipath interference mitigation leg configured to decrease multipath distortions by improving a return loss characteristic of the home network bandwidth, wherein a frequency response of the filter circuit comprises a respective insertion loss characteristic in the provider bandwidth and in the home network bandwidth between the provider-side port and the user-side port, the insertion loss characteristic being less in the provider bandwidth than in the home network bandwidth, the frequency response further characterized by a return loss characteristic at the user-side port, and wherein the second frequency spectrum in the home network bandwidth is distinct from and higher than the first frequency spectrum in the provider bandwidth.

2. The filter circuit of claim 1, wherein the frequency response further comprises the return loss characteristic in the home network bandwidth being more than 20 dB.

3. The filter circuit of claim 2, wherein the multipath interference mitigation leg further comprises a shunt resistor.

4. The filter circuit of claim 3, wherein the provider bandwidth has a characteristic impedance of 75 ohms, and the shunt resistor has a resistance value of about 75 ohms.

5. The filter circuit of claim 1, wherein the pass band filter portion comprises an inductor/capacitor arrangement having tank elements.

6. The filter circuit of claim 1 wherein the multipath interference mitigation leg comprises an attenuator portion.

7. The filter circuit of claim 6, wherein the attenuator portion comprises a Tee-type resistive attenuator.

8. The filter circuit of claim 1, wherein the frequency response is further characterized by the return loss at an output and an input being more than 20 dB in the provider bandwidth and home network bandwidth.

9. The filter circuit of claim 1, wherein the first frequency spectrum comprises a spectrum of frequencies carrying media content and the second frequency spectrum comprises an open spectrum of frequencies carrying personal data content.

10. The filter circuit of claim 1, wherein the respective insertion loss characteristic is less than 3 dB in the provider bandwidth and more than 20 dB in the home network bandwidth.

11. The filter circuit of claim 1, wherein a return loss characteristic in the provider bandwidth is more than 10 dB, and the return loss characteristic in the home network bandwidth is more than 10 dB.

12. A filter circuit, comprising: a pass band filter portion disposed along a signal path between a provider-side port and a user-side port, the pass band filter portion configured to pass a provider bandwidth received at the provider-side port and attenuate a home network bandwidth received at the user-side port; and a multipath interference mitigation leg operatively branched in parallel from the signal path, the multipath interference mitigation leg configured to decrease interference related to transmissions of downstream and upstream signals along the signal path, wherein a frequency spectrum of the home network bandwidth is distinct from and higher than a frequency spectrum of the provider bandwidth.

13. The filter circuit of claim 12, wherein a frequency response of the filter circuit results in attenuation between the provider-side port and the user-side port, the attenuation being higher in the home network bandwidth than in the provider bandwidth, and the frequency response further results in a decrease in energy reflection at the user-side port.

14. The filter circuit of claim 12, wherein the multipath interference mitigation leg comprises an absorptive portion.

15. The filter circuit of claim 14, wherein the absorptive portion comprises at least one lumped element comprising two capacitors in series, with an inductor/capacitor series connection shunted to ground from a node between the two capacitors.

16. The filter circuit of claim 14, wherein the multipath interference mitigation leg comprises a termination resistor configured to match an impedance of a line load of the signal path.

17. A filter circuit, comprising: a pass band filter portion disposed along a signal path between a provider-side port and a user-side port, the pass band filter portion configured to pass a provider bandwidth and attenuate a home network bandwidth; and a multipath interference mitigation leg operatively branched from the signal path, the multipath interference mitigation leg configured to decrease reflections due to an impedance mismatch, wherein a frequency response of the filter circuit results in an attenuation between the provider-side port and the user-side port, the attenuation being less in the provider bandwidth than in the home network bandwidth, and the frequency response further results in a decrease in reflection of energy at the user-side port, wherein a frequency spectrum of the home network bandwidth is distinct from and higher than a frequency spectrum of the provider bandwidth.

18. The filter circuit of claim 17, wherein the filter circuit is a point-of-entry filter in a cable television network.

19. The filter circuit of claim 17, wherein the multipath interference mitigation leg comprises at least two lumped elements, each lumped element comprising two capacitors in series and an inductor/capacitor series connection, the inductor/capacitor series connection being shunted to ground from a node between the two capacitors.

20. A filter circuit, comprising: a pass band filter portion disposed along a signal path between a provider-side port and a user-side port, the pass band filter portion configured to pass a provider bandwidth comprising a spectrum of frequencies carrying media content, and attenuate a home network bandwidth comprising an open spectrum of frequencies carrying personal data content; and a multipath interference mitigation leg operatively branched in parallel from the pass band filter portion, the multipath interference mitigation leg configured to decrease multipath distortions in the home network bandwidth by improving a return loss characteristic at the user-side port, wherein a frequency response of the filter circuit comprises a respective insertion loss characteristic in the provider bandwidth and in the home network bandwidth between the provider-side port and the user-side port, the insertion loss characteristic being less in the provider bandwidth than in the home network bandwidth, wherein the frequency response further comprises the return loss characteristic at the user-side port being more than 10 dB in the home network bandwidth, and wherein the open spectrum of frequencies in the home network bandwidth is distinct from and higher than the spectrum of frequencies in the provider bandwidth.

21. A filter circuit for decreasing impedance mismatch reflections and lowering attenuation in a home network bandwidth relative to attenuation in a provider bandwidth, comprising: an impedance mismatch mitigation and attenuation device configured to decrease impedance mismatch reflections in a home network and selectively attenuate a frequency response between a provider-side port and a user-side port so as to generate a first attenuation level of a provider bandwidth that is less than a second attenuation level of a home network bandwidth; and wherein the home network bandwidth has a first frequency spectrum, and the provider bandwidth has a second frequency spectrum that is less than the first frequency spectrum of the home network bandwidth.

22. The filter circuit of claim 21, wherein the impedance mismatch mitigation and attenuation device comprises a pass band filter portion disposed along a signal path between the provider-side port and the user-side port, the pass band filter portion being configured to pass the provider bandwidth and attenuate the home network bandwidth.

23. The filter circuit of claim 22, wherein the pass band filter portion comprises a low pass filter comprising a parallel inductor/capacitor arrangement.

24. The filter circuit of claim 23, wherein the impedance mismatch mitigation and attenuation device comprises a multipath interference mitigation leg branched from a signal path between the provider-side port and the use-side port, wherein the multipath interference mitigation leg is configured to decrease the impedance mismatch reflections in the home network.

25. The filter circuit of claim 24, wherein the impedance mismatch mitigation and attenuation device comprises a high pass filter portion and an attenuator portion, wherein the attenuator portion comprises a Tee-type resistive attenuator.

26. The filter circuit of claim 24, wherein the multipath interference mitigation leg comprises at least two lumped elements, each lumped element comprising two capacitors in series and an inductor/capacitor series connection, the inductor/capacitor series connection being shunted to ground from a node between the two capacitors.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) For a further understanding of the invention, reference will be made to the following detailed description of the invention which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawing, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a portion of a home network;

(3) FIG. 2 is a chart showing the insertion lost and input/output loss for a filter circuit within the home network depicted in FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram, in schematic form, of one embodiment of a filter in accordance with the present invention;

(5) FIG. 4 is a chart showing the insertion loss and input/output return loss for the filter circuit shown in FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram, in schematic form, of a second embodiment of a filter in accordance with the present invention; and

(7) FIG. 6 is a chart showing the insertion loss and input/output return loss for the filter circuit shown in FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(8) Referring to FIG. 1, a portion of an exemplary home network includes a filter housing 2 located at the point of entry to a premises. In the disclosed embodiment, the filter housing 2 is a standard female f-connector configured to pass a provider bandwidth 4, which may be a CATV system, for example. An exemplary CATV system typically includes a downstream component and an upstream component. The provider bandwidth 4 may propagate a downstream bandwidth in the 50-1,000 MHz range, and also carry an upstream bandwidth in the 7-49 MHz range.

(9) The provider bandwidth 4 passes through a MoCA-enabled splitter 6 having an input port 8 and two distribution ports 1Oa, 1Ob respectively. In one example, distribution port 10a is coupled via coaxial cable to a MoCA-enabled device 12 such as a wireless router. Distribution port 1Ob is coupled to a second MoCA-enabled splitter 14. The second splitter 14 likewise includes an input port 16, a second distribution port 18 connected to a second MoCA-enabled second device 20, such as a set top box, and a third distribution port 22 connected to a third MoCA-enabled third device 24, such as another set top box.

(10) The second splitter 14 is adapted to freely transmit data on a home network bandwidth 26 from any port to any other port. For example, data on the home network bandwidth 26 may be transmitted from the second distribution port 18 to the third distribution port 22. In another example, data may be transmitted in an upstream direction from the first set top box 20 to the second distribution port 18 and through the second input port 16, through the distribution port 1Ob, then in a downstream direction through distribution port 1Oa to the wireless router 12. The data may include voice transmission, security, home heating/cooling instructions, and high definition video technologies, for example. The home network bandwidth 26 occupies an open spectrum bandwidth, that is, a frequency range outside the provider bandwidth 4. Referring to the exemplary CATV system above, the home network bandwidth 26 may carry signals in the 1125-1525 MHz range.

(11) In the disclosed embodiment, the filter housing 2 includes internal filter circuitry to secure the home network bandwidth 26 from leaking upstream to other houses on the CATV network, thus protecting the privacy of the home network. One example of the internal filter circuitry, commonly referred to as a point-of-entry or MoCA filter 28, is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/501,041 entitled FILTER CIRCUIT, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

(12) Two important characteristics which determine the performance of the signals carried by the coaxial device are insertion loss and return loss. Insertion loss refers to the amount of attenuation the signal receives as it passes from the input to the output. Return loss refers to a measure of the reflected energy from the transmitted signal. The loss value is a negative logarithmic number expressed in decibels (dB) however, as used herein, the negative sign is dropped. Thus, a filter circuit initially having a loss characteristic of 1 dB that is improved to 20 dB improves (or decreases) the reflected signal level from about 80% to about 1%. As a rule of thumb, a 3 dB loss reduces power to one half, 10 dB to one tenth, 20 dB to one hundredth, and 30 dB to one thousandth. Therefore, the larger the insertion loss characteristic, the less energy that is lost passing through the circuit. The larger the return loss characteristic, the less energy that is reflected. Multipath return losses can be generated from splitters, coaxial cable, or point-of-entry filters, for example.

(13) Referring to FIG. 2, a frequency response 30 of the exemplary MoCA filter 28 includes an insertion loss 32 between the connector input and the connector output. The insertion loss 32 trace can be interpreted to mean that signals in the provider bandwidth 4 (5 MHz-1002 MHZ) are permitted to pass through the connector, while the signals in the home network bandwidth 26 (1125 MHz-1525 MHz) are attenuated or blocked. The frequency response 30 further includes an input return loss 34 or reflection at the connector input port, and an output return loss 36 or reflection at the connector output port. The return losses 34, 36 are greater than about 20 dB in the pass band, or provider bandwidth 4, but are approximately 1 dB in the stop band, or home network bandwidth 26.

(14) Although the return losses 34, 36 may be adequate in the provider bandwidth 4, very high reflections may be experienced in the home network bandwidth 26. Multipath distortions may be generated from the poor return loss produced from the filters stop band. Referring now back to FIG. 1, a primary transmission path 38 may be defined by data (such as high definition programming) propagating on the home network bandwidth 26 from the first set top box 20 in an upstream direction to the second distribution port 18 on the MoCA-enabled splitter 14, then in a downstream direction through the third distribution port 22 where it is received by the second set top box 24. In this example, data would also propagate from the second distribution port 18 through the second input port 16, through the distribution port 1Ob, and would be attenuated at the MoCA filter 28 in the filter housing 2. However, because the output return loss 36 is approximately 1 dB within the home network bandwidth 26, almost all the power is reflected and a secondary transmission path 40 sets up for the reflected signal. The data propagating along the secondary transmission path 40 arrives at the receiver (e.g., set top box 24) out of synch with the data in the primary transmission path 38, and multipath interference results.

(15) Referring to FIG. 3 of the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate like elements from FIGS. 1 and 2, one possible topology for an embodiment of an improved filter circuit 142 is provided that reduces the multipath interference experienced with prior MoCA filters. The filter circuit 142 includes a signal path 144 extending from an input 146 to an output 148. In one example, the input 146 is connected to the input port of the filter housing, which may be, in turn, in electrical communication with a supplier-side port such as a tap port (not shown). The output 148 may be adapted to receive signals comprising the provider bandwidth 104, the home network bandwidth 126, noise, and any other signals present on the coaxial cable. Conversely, the input 146 may be connected to the user-side port and the output 148 may be connected to the supplier-side port.

(16) The signal path 144 includes a conductive path 150, such as the center conductor in a coaxial cable, to carry the upstream bandwidth, the downstream bandwidth, and the home network bandwidth. The signal path 144 further includes a ground 152, such as the outer sheath of the coaxial cable that provides a path to ground with various cable connector device.

(17) The filter circuit 142 further includes a pass band filter portion 154 disposed along the signal path 144 between the input 146 and the output 148. The pass band filter portion 154 is configured to pass a first frequency spectrum in the provider bandwidth 104 and attenuate a second frequency spectrum in the home network bandwidth 126. In one embodiment, the pass band filter portion 154 is a hybrid parallel inductor/capacitor (LC) arrangement in which inductors L4 and L5, along with capacitor C8, increase the isolation of the low pass filter. Resonator or tank elements 156a-156c defined by L1/C1, L2/C2, and L3/C3 and capacitive shunts C4, C5, C6, and C7 collectively form an elliptic filter. Other filter designs, such as Butterworth, are equally operable but may require additional components to implement.

(18) The filter circuit 142 further includes a multipath interference mitigation leg 158 operatively branched to ground from the signal path 144. The multipath interference mitigation leg 158 is configured to increase the return loss in the home network bandwidth. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the multipath interference mitigation leg 158 is an absorptive Chebyshev filter circuit that increases the return loss at the output port of the connector without affecting the frequency response of the remaining circuit. The absorptive circuit includes a first lumped element comprising capacitors C9 and C10 in series, with an inductor/capacitor (LC) series connection of L6/C13 shunted to ground at a node between C9 and C10. The absorptive circuit further includes a second lumped element comprising capacitors C 10 and C 11 in series, with an inductor/capacitor (LC) series connection of L7/C14 shunted to ground at a node between C10 and C11. The absorptive circuit further includes a third lumped element comprising capacitors C11 and C12 in series, with an inductor/capacitor (LC) series connection of L8/C15 shunted to ground at a node between C11 and C12. A termination resistor 160 may be configured to match the impedance of the line load so as to prevent reflections due to impedance mismatch. In the illustrated example, the line load is 75 ohms, and the termination resistor 160 is likewise 75 ohms.

(19) FIG. 4 plots the frequency response 162 of the filter circuit 142 shown in FIG. 3. The insertion loss 132 between the connector input and the connector output is essentially zero in the provider bandwidth 104, and greater than 50 dB in the home network bandwidth 126. Thus, the filter circuit 142 will pass the signals in the provider bandwidth 104 and attenuate the signals in the home network bandwidth 126. The input return loss 134 is essentially unchanged in that the loss of greater than 20 dB in the provider bandwidth 104 will reduce reflections from the input port of the connector. One noted improvement of the filter circuit 142 is that the output return loss 136 of the circuit is improved to greater than 20 dB in both the provider bandwidth 104 and the home network bandwidth 126. In this manner, reflections at the output port are reduced and the strength of the secondary transmission path (described in FIG. 1) will be reduced by as much as 99%. Although a return loss value of more than 20 dB is disclosed, the inventors have discovered that the return loss at the output may be more than 10 dB in the provider bandwidth and home network bandwidth, and the filter circuit of the present invention will still perform adequately.

(20) Referring now to FIG. 5 of the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate like elements from FIGS. 1 and 2, another topology of an improved filter circuit 242 is provided that reduces the multipath interference experienced with prior MoCA filters. The filter circuit 242 includes a signal path 244 extending from an input 246 to an output 248. In one example, the input 246 is connected to the input port of the coaxial cable connector, which may be, in turn, in electrical communication with a supplier-side port such as a tap port (not shown). The output 248 may be adapted to receive signals comprising the provider bandwidth 204, the home network bandwidth 226, noise, and any other signals present on the coaxial cable. Conversely, the input 246 may be connected to the user-side port and the output 248 may be connected to the supplier-side port. Further, the filter circuit 242 may be adapted to filter signals in both directions (e.g., bi-directional), so the physical location of the input 246 and output 248 may be arbitrary.

(21) The signal path 244 includes a conductive path 250, such as the center conductor m a coaxial cable, to carry the upstream bandwidth, the downstream bandwidth, and the home network bandwidth. The signal path 244 further includes a ground 252, such as the outer sheath of the coaxial cable that provides a path to ground with various cable connector devices.

(22) The filter circuit 242 further includes a pass band filter portion 254 disposed along the signal path 244 between the input 246 and the output 248. The pass band filter portion 254 is configured to pass a first frequency spectrum in the provider bandwidth 204 and attenuate a second frequency spectrum in the home network bandwidth 226. In this manner, the pass band filter portion 254 is a low pass filter. In one embodiment, the pass band filter portion 254 is a parallel inductor/capacitor (LC) arrangement in which inductors L1 and L6 increase the isolation of the low pass filter. Resonator or tank elements 256a-256d defined by L2/C2, L3/C3, L4/C4, and L5/C5 and capacitive shunts C1, C6, C7, C8, and C9 collectively form an elliptic filter. Other filter designs, such as Butterworth, are equally operable but may require additional components to implement.

(23) The filter circuit 242 further includes a multipath interference mitigation leg 258 operatively branched to ground from the signal path 244. The multipath interference mitigation leg 258 is configured to increase the return loss in the home network bandwidth. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the multipath interference mitigation leg 258 is an attenuator circuit that increases the return loss at the output port of the connector without affecting the frequency response of the remaining circuit. The attenuator circuit includes a high pass filter portion 264a, 264b and an attenuator portion 266. The high pass filter portions 264a, 264b are Tee-type circuits in one example, but may comprise other types. In the disclosed embodiment, the attenuator portion 266 is a Tee-type resistive attenuator comprising three resistors R1, R2, and R3. However, other arrangements are contemplated, such as a Piattenuator.

(24) FIG. 6 plots the frequency response 268 of the filter circuit 242 shown in FIG. 5. The insertion loss 232 between the connector input and the connector output is essentially zero in the provider bandwidth 204, and greater than 40 dB in the home network bandwidth 226. Thus, the filter circuit 242 will pass the signals in the provider bandwidth 204 and attenuate the signals in the home network bandwidth 226. The input return loss 234 and output return loss 236 are essentially identical due to the symmetry of the circuit, and comprise a value of greater than 20 dB in both the provider bandwidth 204 and the home network bandwidth 226. In this manner, reflections at the input port and output port are reduced, and the strength of the secondary transmission path (described in FIG. 1) will be reduced by as much as 99%.

(25) One advantage provided by the present invention is that home network multipath distortions at the filter port connections are minimized or even eliminated, thereby enhancing signal quality. Prior art filters designed for the MoCA standard, for example, generated significant multipath distortions from the poor return loss (typically less than 1 dB) produced from the filter's stop band.

(26) Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. For example, although the embodiments disclosed herein comprise analog circuits, the inventors contemplate digital circuitry could be utilized without departing from the scope of the invention. Further, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.