LESS TOXIC MATTRESS

Abstract

A mattress and method of constructing the mattress having a reduced toxicity has a cover or an outermost layer including food grade polyethylene. Also, the outer layer of the mattress can also be constructed from a material selected from the same group of materials. Food grade polyethylene films are non-toxic materials which reduce adverse human health effects due to the exposure to potentially harmful chemicals used in the mattress construction.

Claims

1. A mattress comprising: a core selected from the group of mattress core types consisting of: polymeric cores and innerspring cores; a barrier layer enclosing the core, the barrier layer comprising a food-grade polypropylene compliant with U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) standards in effect as of 7 Mar. 2008.

2. The mattress of claim 1, where the food-grade plastic of the barrier layer is derived from a natural feedstock.

3. The mattress of claim 1, where the core is configured to maintain the shape of the mattress.

4. The mattress of claim 1, further comprising: a fabric flame barrier disposed between the cover and the core.

5. The mattress of claim 1, further comprising: a fabric layer overlying at least a portion of the barrier layer and affixed to the barrier layer.

6. The mattress of claim 5, where the fabric layer is quilted.

7. The mattress of claim 5, where the food-grade plastic of the barrier layer is melted onto an interior surface of the fabric layer.

8. The mattress of claim 1, where the food-grade plastic of the cover layer is heat fused to a substrate.

9. The mattress of claim 1, further comprising: a cushioning layer disposed between the core and the cover.

10. The mattress of claim 9, where the cushioning layer comprises organically grown cotton.

11. The mattress of claim 9, where the cushioning layer comprises a polymer foam.

12. The mattress of claim 1, where the mattress is sized to fit a type of furniture selected from the group of furniture types consisting of: basinets, cribs, cradles, and beds.

13. A pad or cover for a mattress, the pad or cover comprising: a barrier layer comprising a food-grade plastic compliant with U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) standards in effect as of 7 Mar. 2008; where the barrier layer is configured to be removably coupled to a mattress such that the barrier layer overlies at least an upper support surface of the mattress.

14. The mattress of claim 13, where the food-grade plastic of the barrier layer comprises Food Grade Low Density Polyethylene.

15. The mattress of claim 14, wherein the Food Grade Low Density Polyethylene of the barrier layer has a density of 0.85 to 1.00 grams per cubic centimeter; a maximum extractable fraction (expressed as percent by weight of the polymer) in N-Hexane at specified temperatures is 5.5% at 50 Degrees Centigrade (Deg C.); and a maximum extractable fraction (expressed as percent by weight of the polymer) in Xylene at specified temperatures is 11.3% at 25 Deg C.

16. The pad or cover of claim 13, where the food-grade plastic of the barrier layer is derived from a natural feedstock.

17. The pad or cover of claim 13, further comprising: a fabric flame barrier affixed to the barrier layer on an interior side of the barrier layer such that when the barrier layer is coupled to a mattress the fabric flame barrier layer is disposed between the mattress and the barrier layer.

18. The pad or cover of claim 13, further comprising: a fabric layer overlying at least a portion of the barrier layer and affixed to the barrier layer.

19. The pad or cover of claim 18, where the fabric layer is quilted.

20. The pad or cover of claim 18, where the food-grade plastic of the barrier layer is melted onto an interior surface of the fabric layer.

21. The pad or cover of claim 13, where the food-grade plastic of the cover layer is heat fused to a substrate.

22. The pad or cover of claim 13, further comprising: a cushioning layer affixed directly or indirectly to the barrier layer on an interior side of the barrier layer such that wen the barrier layer is coupled to a mattress the cushioning layer is disposed between the mattress and the barrier layer.

23. The pad or cover of claim 22, where the cushioning layer comprises organically grown cotton.

24. The pad or cover of claim 22, where the cushioning layer comprises a polymer foam.

25. The pad or cover of claim 13, where the mattress is sized to fit a type of furniture selected from the group of furniture types consisting of: basinets, cribs, cradles, and beds.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Advantages of the present invention may become apparent to those skilled in the art with the benefit of the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] FIG. 1 is an illustration of a mattress in one example embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] FIG. 2A is an illustration of a mattress in one example embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 2B is an illustration of a mattress in one example embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 2C is an illustration of a mattress in one example embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] FIG. 2D is an illustration of a mattress in one example embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] FIG. 3A is an embodiment of a bassinet pad according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 3B is an embodiment of a mattress pad according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

[0043] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings. The drawings may not be to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

[0044] In the description that follows, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations of these specific details are possible while still achieving the results of the present invention. Well-known processing steps and materials are generally not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obfuscating the description of the present invention.

[0045] Throughout the descriptions set forth in this disclosure, lowercase numbers or letters may be used, instead of subscripts. For example Vg could be written Vg. Generally, lowercase is preferred to maintain uniform font size. Regarding the use of subscripts throughout the text of this document, sometimes a character (letter or numeral) is written as a subscriptsmaller, and lower than the character (typically a letter) preceding it, such as Vs (source voltage) or H2O (water). For consistency of font size, such acronyms may be written in regular font, without subscripting, using uppercase and lowercasefor example Vs and H2O. Materials (e.g., silicon dioxide) may be referred to by their formal and/or common names, as well as by their chemical formula. Regarding chemical formulas, numbers may be presented in normal font rather than as subscripts. For example, silicon dioxide may be referred to simply as oxide, chemical formula SiO2. For example, silicon nitride (stoichiometrically Si3N4, often abbreviated as SiN) may be referred to simply as nitride.

[0046] The term non-toxic when used in this specification to describe a material or component means that the material meets at least one of the following toxicity standards: UL GREENGUARD Gold Standard, the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS), or the Made Safe Standard. Non-toxic material may be fibers, textiles, fabrics, and layers of a mattress. Non-toxic material may include, without limitation, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low-molecular-weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), high-density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), very-low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), Polylactic acid (PLA), polylactide, poly-L-lactide (PLLA), poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA), or combinations thereof. Non-toxic material may also include, without limitation, those categorized within Resin Identification Codes 1 (polyethylene terephthelate), 2 (high-density polyethylene), 4 (low-density polyethylene), 5 (polypropylene), 6 (polystyrene), or 7 (other plastics, such as polycarbonate, PLA, and acrylic). In preferred aspects, when these polymers are included in any layer of the mattress they can also be food grade by FDA guidelines, such as those polymers provided in 21 C.F.R. 174-190. The above mentioned non-toxic materials may also be waterproofing materials.

[0047] In the description that follows, the dimensions should not be interpreted as limiting. They are included to provide a sense of proportion. Generally speaking, it is the relationship between various elements, where they are located, their contrasting compositions, and sometimes their relative sizes that is of significance.

[0048] According to the present invention, there is described materials and a process for reducing the toxicity of mattress covers or outermost layers and mattress construction so as to reduce the risk of undesirable human health effects that may be caused by harmful exposures to mattress construction materials or their impurities. In a non-limiting aspect, the cover and outermost layer of the mattress can be the same layers of the mattress described. In one instance, a mattress cover can be removable from the mattress and in another instance the outermost layer can be integral with the mattress.

[0049] A mattress cover or outermost layer, according to the present invention, is constructed of a food grade polymer, Polylactic Acid (PLA) which has been FDA classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), and/or a food grade Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) or Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), or a combination of a polyethyelene with PLA that meets either of these FDA guidelines: 177.1520, 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-03 Edition) Olefin Polymers:

Section 2.1, Page 281: Polyethylene for use in articles that contact food except for articles used for packing or holding food during cooking. The polyethylene film meets this FDA specification:
1. Density is 0.85 to 1.00 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc).
2. Maximum extractable fraction (expressed as percent by weight of the polymer) in N-Hexane at specified temperatures is 5.5% at 50 Degrees Centigrade (Deg C.).
3. Maximum extractable fraction (expressed as percent by weight of the polymer) in xylene at specified temperatures is 11.3% at 25 Deg C.

OR

[0050] Section 2.3, Page 281: Polyethylene for use only as component of food-contact coatings at levels up to and including 50 percent by weight of any mixture employed as a food-contact coating. The Polyethylene film meets this FDA specification:
1. Density is 0.85 to 1.00 g/cc.
2. Maximum extractable fraction (expressed as percent by weight of the polymer) in N-Hexane at specified temperatures is 53% at 50 C.
3. Maximum extractable fraction (expressed as percent by weight of the polymer) in xylenes at specified temperatures is 75% at 25 C.

[0051] Polyethylene is a polymer consisting of long chains of the monomer ethylene (IUPAC name ethene). Polyethylene is created through polymerization of ethylene in the presence of catalysts such as Ziegler Natta catalysts, i.e. titanium (III) chloride.

[0052] LDPE is defined by a density range of 0.850-1.000 g/cc. LDPE has a high degree of short and long chain branching, which means that the chains do not pack into the crystal structure as well. It has therefore less strong intermolecular forces, since the instantaneous-dipole induced-dipole attraction is lower. This results in a lower tensile strength and increased ductility. LDPE is created by free radical polymerization. The high degree of branches with long chains gives molten LDPE unique and desirable flow properties. LDPE has been used for both rigid containers and plastic film applications such as plastic bags and film wrap.

[0053] LLDPE is defined by a narrow density range of 0.915-0.925 g/cc. LLDPE is a linear polymer with significant numbers of short branches, made by copolymerization of ethylene with longer-chain olefins. LLDPE differs structurally from LDPE because of the absence of long chain branching. The linearity of LLDPE results from the different manufacturing processes of LLDPE and LDPE. In general, LLDPE is produced at lower temperatures and pressures by copolymerization of ethylene with higher alpha-olefins such as butene, hexene, or octene. The weight or molar percentage of higher alpha-olefins copolymerized ethylene in the LLDPE of the present invention can include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20%, or any range there between. The copolymerization process produces a LLDPE polymer that has a narrower molecular weight distribution than LDPE and in combination with the linear structure, significantly different rheological properties. LLDPE is less shear sensitive because of its narrower molecular weight distribution and shorter chain branching. LLDPE has higher tensile strength than LDPE, and it exhibits higher impact and puncture resistance than LDPE. The less-toxic mattress of the present invention may include LLDPE to improve durability, barrier effect, or waterproofing. In one instance, the LDPE and/or LLPDE helps provide a barrier against water base stains. Lower thickness (gauge) films can be blown when compared with LDPE. LLDPE is used in packaging, particularly film for bags and sheets. LLDPE is used predominantly in film applications due to its toughness, flexibility, and relative transparency.

[0054] Without being limited to theory, the mattress of the present invention can also contain any of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low-molecular-weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), high-density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), very-low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), or combinations thereof. The above mentioned polyethyene-based polymers are generally classified by their densities which give them unique structural and physical/chemical properties. As such, any plastic with physical and chemical properties similar to those described herewithin (e.g., low density, less toxicity, etc.) may be incorporated into any one of the disclosed embodiments. Exemplary plastics may include, without limitation, those categorized within Resin Identification Codes 1 (polyethylene terephthelate), 2 (high-density polyethylene), 4 (low-density polyethylene), 5 (polypropylene), 6 (polystyrene), or 7 (other plastics, such as polycarbonate, PLA, and acrylic). In preferred aspects, when these polymers are included in any layer of the mattress they can also be food grade by FDA guidelines, such as those polymers provided in 21 C.F.R. 174-190.

[0055] In some aspects, food grade LDPE and LLDPE polymers can be provided together in compositions, materials, layers, or films of the current invention. In one aspect, food grade LDPE and LLDPE are provided and are separated as layered films. The films can be adhered using known equipment and methods (e.g. lamination and the like). In a particular aspect, the food grade LDPE and LLDPE are mixed together in a polymer blend. The weight or molar ratio of LDPE to LLDPE in the polymer blend can be any value from 99:1 to 1:99 or any range or value there between.

[0056] Polylactic acid (PLA) or polylactide is a biodegradable, thermoplastic, aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources such as corn. Polylactide, (OCH(CH3)-C(O)}n, is easily produced in a high molecular weight form through ring-opening polymerization using most commonly a stannous octoate catalyst, but for laboratory demonstrations, tin (II) chloride is often employed.

[0057] According to the present invention, suitable polymers for use in constructing the mattress covers or outermost layers and possibly part of the mattress itself are PLA homopolymers and copolymers of lactic acid containing at least 50 mole % lactic acid units and mixtures thereof having a number average molecular weight of 3,000-200,000 g/mol.

[0058] Due to the chiral (helical) nature of lactic acid, several distinct forms of polylactide exist: poly-L-lactide (PLLA) is the product resulting from polymerization of L,L-lactide (also known as L-lactide). PLLA has crystallinity around 37%, a glass transition temperature between 50-80 C. and a melting temperature between 173-178 C. The polymerization of a racemic mixture L- and D-lactides leads to the synthesis of poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA), which is not crystalline but amorphous. The physical blend of PDLA and PLLA can be used to widen the polymer's application window.

[0059] Copolymers of lactic acid are typically prepared by catalyzed copolymerization of lactide with one or more cyclic esters and/or dimeric cyclic esters. Typical co-monomers include glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), the dimeric cyclic ester of glycolic acid; -propiolactone, the cyclic ester of 3-hydroxypropanic acid; ,-dimethyl--propiolactone, the cyclic ester of 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropanic acid; -butyrolactone, the cyclic ester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid; -valerolactone, the cyclic ester of 5-hydroxypentanoic acid; -caprolactone, the cyclic ester of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, and the lactones of its methyl substituted derivatives, such as 2-methyl-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 3-methyl-6-hydroxyhexanoic, 4-methyl-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethyl-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, etc., the cyclic ester of 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid; and 2-p-dioxanone, the cyclic ester of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-glycolic acid.

[0060] Further, according to the present invention, material, sourced from potatoes, sugar cane or corn, biopolymer, such as PLA, naturally occurring zein, or poly-3-hydroxybutyrate based films and laminates are selected to maximize the renewable and recyclable materials content. In some instances, the mattress can further include latex, such as certified organic latex or Forest Stewardship Council certified (FSC) latex.

[0061] In another non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the mattress cover or outermost layer and/or outer layer of the mattress does not include food grade LDPE or food grade LLDPE. In this embodiment, another polymer film such as PLA that has been FDA classified as GRAS can be used in the mattress cover or outermost layer and or outer layer to provide a mattress with less or lower toxicity than mattresses constructed of conventional components.

[0062] The outer layer 12 of a mattress 10, according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. Outer layer 12 can be composed of a polyethylene or PLA film that can be heat fused to organic cotton, cotton, wool, polyester, polypropylene or other fabric substrates within the mattress so as to provide improved tensile strength and tear resistance to the outer layer of the mattress. In an alternative embodiment, the outer layer 12 can be removed or be a separate piece to be added or removed from the rest of the mattress 10.

[0063] The next lower layer 14 of the mattress 10, encompassed by the outer layer, can include an industry approved fabric flame barrier which acts as a flame retardant instead of toxic halogenated flame retardants that are commonly used.

[0064] The inner cushioning layer 16 of the mattress 10, encompassed by the outer layer and the next lower layer of the mattress can be composed of an organically grown cotton batting or cushioning layer. In one aspect, the inner cushioning layer can be treated with ozone gas to clean, oxidize, and remove other possible contaminant volatiles. Alternately, the inner cushioning layer may be composed of a food grade LDPE or LLDPE or a PLA foam. In the foam form, the polymers of the present invention function as packaging, vibration dampening and insulation, or as a material for cushioning.

[0065] The innermost component 18 of the mattress 10 embedded within the inner cushioning layer is an innerspring which is constructed from metal or other polymeric support materials that are inherently less toxic than other polymers which provide the same benefits including mattress strength, cushioning, the required weight support and the desired mattress shape. Of course, the layers could be constructed in any suitable order to achieve a less toxic mattress. In addition, more or less layers could be used to form a less toxic mattress, including the use of only three total layers.

[0066] FIG. 2A is an illustration of a mattress 200 in another example embodiment of the present invention. The mattress 200 includes a quilt layer 202 as an outermost layer. The quilt layer 202 may be disposed about the upholstery layers 204. The quilt layer 202 may be waterproof. The quilt layer 202 may be made with food-grade and/or non-toxic material. The quilt layer 202 may be removably attached to the upholstery layers 204. For example, the quilt layer 202 and the upholstery layers 204 can be separated and washed independently.

[0067] The mattress 200 includes upholstery layers 204, at least partially, disposed below the quilt layer 202. The upholstery layers 204 may be a next lower layer. The upholstery layers 204 may be disposed about the base core layer 206. The upholstery layers 204 may include one or more layers made with a food-grade and/or non-toxic material. Each of the layers of the upholstery layers 204 may be waterproof. The upholstery layers 204 may be removably attached to the base core layer 206. For example, the upholstery layers 204 and the base core 206 can be separated and washed independently.

[0068] The mattress 200 includes a base core layer 206, at least partially, disposed below the upholstery layers 204. The base core layer 206 may be an inner cushioning layer. The base core layer 206 may be disposed about the foundation layer 208. The base core layer 206 may further include an enclosing intermediate layer 205. The intermediate layer 205 may be waterproof. The intermediate layer 205 may be made with food-grade and/or non-toxic material. The intermediate layer 205 may include a fabric flame barrier which acts as a flame retardant.

[0069] The base core layer 206 may include supporting springs that are constructed from metal or other polymeric support materials that are inherently less toxic than other polymers conventionally used in mattresses, and that provide the same benefits including mattress strength, cushioning, the required weight support and the desired mattress shape as may otherwise be provided by other polymers conventionally used in mattresses. The base core layer 206 could be constructed in any suitable manner to achieve a less toxic mattress. The base core layer 2061 could also be constructed of other materials such as latex or a foam.

[0070] The mattress 200 includes a foundation layer 208 disposed below the base core layer 206. The foundation layer 208 is configured to provide additional weight support. The foundation layer 208 can be waterproof. The foundation layer 208 can be made with food-grade and/or non-toxic material. It is noted that arrangement of various layers in FIG. 2A is exemplary and is not limiting the disclosure in anyway.

[0071] FIG. 2B is an illustration of a mattress 210 in one embodiment of the present invention, in which the mattress includes a spring unit layer. The mattress 210 may include some or all of the various layers discussed in relation to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2A. It is noted that the arrangement of various layers in FIG. 2B is exemplary and is not limiting the disclosure in anyway.

[0072] FIG. 2C is an illustration of a mattress 220 in one embodiment of the present invention, in which the mattress includes an encased coil unit. The mattress 220 may include some or all of the various layers discussed in relation to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2A. It is noted that the arrangement of various layers in FIG. 2C is exemplary and is not limiting the disclosure in anyway.

[0073] FIG. 2D is an illustration of a mattress 250 in one embodiment of the present invention. Mattress 250 is one example in which the spring layers (e.g., spring unit or encased coil unit) illustrated in either mattress 210 or 220 are replaced with a foam layer(s) (e.g., 256 and/or 258, etc.). The mattress 250 may include a modal or velour fabric layer 252 as a top layer. The mattress 250 may include a polyester wadding layer 254 disposed below the modal or velour fabric layer 252. The mattress 250 may include a memory foam layer 256 disposed below the polyester wadding layer 254. The mattress 250 may include a reflex foam layer 258 disposed below the memory foam layer 256. The mattress 250 may also include a non-slip fabric layer 259 disposed below the reflex foam layer 258. It is noted that arrangement of various layers in FIG. 2D is exemplary and is not limiting the disclosure in anyway.

[0074] In FIGS. 2A-2D, an outermost layer can be added to any of the example mattress constructions. The outermost layer can be constructed of food grade and/or non-toxic material, such as food grade polyethylene. Also, any layer of the example mattress constructions could be constructed of food-grade and/or non-toxic material, such as food grade polyethylene. Additionally, any suitable number of the layers could be used in combination with a food-grade and/or non-toxic material, such as food grade polyethylene. And, any order of the layers can be used. For every layer, food-grade and/or non-toxic material can be added, for example by melting, onto the top or bottom of the layer.

[0075] FIG. 3A is a bassinet pad 300 according to one embodiment of the disclosure. Non-limiting examples of the bassinet pad 300 can be a pad for a bassinet, a bassinette, a crib, or a cradle especially for babies or young kids. As shown in FIG. 3A, the bassinet pad 300 includes a base foam layer 315, a fabric layer 310, and a barrier layer 305. The barrier layer 305 is waterproof. The bassinet pad 300 can be made in various sizes, including for example, in sizes corresponding to standard child or adult mattress sizes for use as mattress pad for kids or adults.

[0076] In some embodiments, the bassinet pad 300 can have a thickness from at or about 1.75 to at or about 2.25 inches. In some embodiments, the bassinet pad 300 can have a thickness from at or about 1.5 to at or about 2.5 inches. In some embodiments, the bassinet pad 300 can have a thickness from at or about 1 to at or about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the bassinet pad 300 can have a thickness from at or about 0.5 to at or about 4 inches. In some embodiments, the bassinet pad 300 can have a thickness from at or about 1 to at or about 4 inches. In some embodiments, the bassinet pad 300 can have a thickness from at or about 1.5 to at or about 3 inches.

[0077] In some embodiments, the barrier layer 305 can have a thickness from at or about 0.05 to at or about 2 inches. In some embodiments, the barrier layer 305 can have a thickness from at or about 0.25 to at or about 2 inches. In some embodiments, the barrier layer 305 can have a thickness from at or about 0.5 to at or about 1.5 inches. In some embodiments, the barrier layer 305 can have a thickness from at or about 0.75 to at or about 1 inches.

[0078] In one embodiment, the barrier layer 305 is disposed about the fabric layer 310. In one embodiment, fabric layer 310 is disposed about the base foam layer 315. In one embodiment, the barrier layer 305 is heat fused about the fabric layer 310.

[0079] The barrier layer 305 can comprise food-grade and/or non-toxic material. For example, the barrier layer 305 can comprise one or more materials selected from the following: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low-molecular-weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), high-density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), very-low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), Polylactic acid (PLA), polylactide, poly-L-lactide (PLLA), poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA), or combinations thereof. Non-toxic material may also include, without limitation, those categorized within Resin Identification Codes 1 (polyethylene terephthelate), 2 (high-density polyethylene), 4 (low-density poly-ethylene), 5 (polypropylene), 6 (polystyrene), or 7 (other plastics, such as polycarbonate, PLA, and acrylic). In preferred aspects, when these polymers are included in any layer of the mattress they can also be food grade by FDA guidelines, such as those polymers provided in 21 C.F.R. 174-190. The above mentioned non-toxic materials may also be waterproofing materials.

[0080] In one embodiment, the LDPE or LLDPE has a density of 0.85 to 1.00 g/cc; a maximum extractable fraction (expressed as percent by weight of the polymer) in n-hexane at specified temperatures is 5.5% at 50 C.; and a maximum extractable fraction (expressed as percent by weight of the polymer) in xylenes at specified temperatures is 11.3% at 25 C.

[0081] In one embodiment, the non-toxic layer 305 can be attached to a top surface of the fabric layer 310. In another embodiment, the non-toxic layer 305 can be attached to a bottom surface of the fabric layer 310, e.g., in-between the fabric layer 310 and base foam layer 315.

[0082] In one embodiment, the non-toxic layer 305 can be heat fused or melted onto the fabric layer 310. In another embodiment, the non-toxic layer 305 can be heat fused or melted onto the backside of the fabric layer 310, so that the fabric becomes the top layer and the non-toxic becomes the lower layer.

[0083] The fabric layer 310 can be constructed of materials including cotton, organic cotton, polyester, polypropylene etc. or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the fabric layer 310 can have a thickness from at or about 0.05 to at or about 4 inches. In some embodiments, the fabric layer 310 can have a thickness from at or about 0.25 to at or about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the fabric layer 310 can have a thickness from at or about 0.5 to at or about 1.5 inches. In some embodiments, the fabric layer 310 can have a thickness from at or about 0.75 to at or about 1 inches.

[0084] The base foam layer 315 may include a memory foam layer 315 disposed below the polyester wadding layer. The mattress 315 may include a reflex foam layer disposed below the memory foam layer. The mattress 300 may also include a non-slip fabric layer disposed below the reflex foam layer.

[0085] FIG. 3B is an embodiment of a mattress pad 370 disposed on top of a mattress 365 according to one embodiment of the disclosure. The mattress pad 370 can be constructed in any size or shape suitable for the purposes.

[0086] In one embodiment, the mattress pad 370 can be a pad detachably in contact with the mattress 365. The mattress pad 370 can be separated from the mattress 365 and be cleaned or washed separately.

[0087] The mattress pad 370 includes at least two layers, a barrier layer 355 and a fabric layer 360. The non-toxic layer comprises a hydrophobic material and is waterproof.

[0088] The barrier layer 355 can comprise a material selected from the followings: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low-molecular-weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), high-density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), very-low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), Polylactic acid (PLA), polylactide, poly-L-lactide (PLLA), poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA), or combinations thereof. Non-toxic material may also include, without limitation, those categorized within Resin Identification Codes 1 (polyethylene terephthelate), 2 (high-density polyethylene), 4 (low-density polyethylene), 5 (polypropylene), 6 (polystyrene), or 7 (other plastics, such as polycarbonate, PLA, and acrylic). In preferred aspects, when these polymers are included in any layer of the mattress they can also be food grade by FDA guidelines, such as those polymers provided in 21 C.F.R. 174-190. The above mentioned non-toxic materials may also be waterproofing materials.

[0089] In some embodiments, the barrier layer 355 can have a thickness from at or about 0.05 to at or about 3 inches. In some embodiments, the barrier layer 355 can have a thickness from at or about 0.25 to at or about 2.5 inches. In some embodiments, the barrier layer 355 can have a thickness from at or about 0.5 to at or about 2 inches. In some embodiments, the barrier layer 355 can have a thickness from at or about 0.75 to at or about 1.5 inches.

[0090] In one embodiment, the barrier layer 355 can be attached to a top surface of the fabric layer 360. In another embodiment, the barrier layer 355 can be attached to a bottom surface of the fabric layer 360.

[0091] In one embodiment, the barrier layer 355 can be heat fused or melted onto the fabric layer 360. In another embodiment, the barrier layer 355 can be heat fused or melted onto the backside of the fabric layer 360, so that the fabric becomes the first layer and the polyethylene is the second layer.

[0092] The fabric layer 360 can be constructed of materials including cotton, organic cotton, polyester, polypropylene etc. or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the fabric layer 360 can have a thickness from at or about 0.05 to at or about 2 inches. In some embodiments, the fabric layer 360 can have a thickness from at or about 0.25 to at or about 2 inches. In some embodiments, the fabric layer 360 can have a thickness from at or about 0.5 to at or about 1.5 inches. In some embodiments, the fabric layer 360 can have a thickness from at or about 0.75 to at or about 1 inches.

[0093] In one embodiment, the food-grade polyethylene can be the barrier layers 305, 355. In one embodiment, the food-grade polyethylene can be heat fused or melted onto a fabric 310, 360, so that the first layer is the polyethylene and the second layer is the fabric. In another embodiment, the food-grade polyethylene of the barrier layer 305, 355 can be heat fused or melted onto the backside of the fabric 310, 360, so that the fabric becomes the first layer and the polyethylene is the second layer.

[0094] Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to a certain preferred embodiment or embodiments, certain equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, the terms (including a reference to a means) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention. In addition, while a particular feature of the invention may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more features of the other embodiments as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.