Incineration grate consisting of grate bars and method for fitting grate bars in and removing same from an incineration grate

Abstract

An incineration grate includes several levels including first and second grate bars arranged in rows alongside one another and in rows one above another, forming step-shaped combustion surfaces with their upper supporting surfaces. At least once in an area of the upper supporting surfaces, the first grate bars form, over their width, a smaller supporting surface for fuel than that of the second grate bars via a first shoulder disposed inwards in a direction of a longitudinal center plane. In an area of the upper supporting surfaces, the second grate bars have a supporting surface with a larger width in order to form an overlap with the first grate bars via a second shoulder disposed outwards over the width of the first grate bars. The second grate bars have at least one pin configured to be introduced into a pocket in the first grate bars and increase the larger width.

Claims

1. An incineration grate including several levels, the incineration grate comprising a plurality of grate bars arranged in rows alongside one another and in rows one above another, the grate bars forming step-shaped combustion surfaces with upper supporting surfaces thereof, the grate bars including first grate bars and second grate bars, wherein a step-shaped combustion surface is formed over a width of the incineration grate from several first grate bars and second grate bars, wherein connecting surfaces are arranged on the grate bars, the connecting surfaces configured to compensate for a difference in height between two adjacent combustion surfaces of the grate bars, wherein at least once in an area of the upper supporting surfaces, the first grate bars form a supporting surface for fuel over their width that is smaller than that of the second grate bars via a first shoulder disposed inwards in a direction of a longitudinal center plane, wherein in an area of the upper supporting surfaces, the second grate bars have a supporting surface with a larger width in order to form an overlap with the first grate bars via a second shoulder disposed outwards over the width of the first grate bars, wherein adjacent to and/or bordering the connecting surfaces, only the second grate bars comprise at least one pin configured to further increase the larger width, the pin configured to be introduced into a corresponding pocket in the first grate bars, and wherein the pin comprises a projection that projects outward from a surface of a respective second grate bar.

2. The incineration grate according to claim 1, wherein cross sections of the first and second grate bars excluding the first and second shoulders are substantially equal and have a T-shaped profile.

3. The incineration grate according to claim 1, wherein cross sections of the first and second grate bars excluding the first and second shoulders are substantially equal and have a T-shaped profile, and wherein the first and second grate bars have a substantially same width.

4. The incineration grate according to claim 1, wherein the first and second grate bars have a substantially same width.

5. The incineration grate according to claim 1, wherein the pocket is arranged at a distance from the upper supporting surface.

6. The incineration grate according to claim 1, wherein the pocket, the at least one pin, or a combination thereof is arranged adjacent to or bordering a die removal plane or the connecting surfaces, or is intersected by the die removal plane or the connecting surfaces.

7. The incineration grate according to claim 1, wherein in the area of the upper supporting surfaces, the first grate bars have a rib that is arranged below the second shoulder to form the overlap of the first and second grate bars.

8. The incineration grate according to claim 7, wherein the upper supporting surfaces, the first and second shoulders, the overlap of the first and second grate bars, the rib, the pocket, the at least one pin, or a combination thereof are formed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal center plane running from top to bottom and in a longitudinal direction of the grate bars.

9. The incineration grate according to claim 1, wherein spacers are arranged on adjacent contact surfaces between the first and second grate bars.

10. The incineration grate according to claim 1, wherein each of the first grate bars and the second grate bars include a support at a rear end thereof, the support configured for a form-fitting connection with a grate rod, and a connecting surface of each of the first grate bars and the second grate bars is located at a front end thereof.

11. A method for installing and removing grate bars into and from an incineration grate comprising a plurality of grate bars arranged in rows alongside one another and in rows one above another, the grate bars including first grate bars and second grate bars having upper supporting surfaces and adjacent connecting surfaces, the method comprising: forming a step-shaped combustion surface over a width of the incineration grate using the upper supporting surfaces of the first grate bars and second grate bars, which are mounted on one side with a support on a grate rod, wherein, at least once, over their width, the first grate bars form a supporting surface for fuel that is smaller than that of the second grate bars via a first shoulder disposed inwards in a direction of a longitudinal center plane, and wherein, in an area of the upper supporting surfaces, the second grate bars have a supporting surface with a larger width in order to form an overlap with the first grate bars via a second shoulder disposed outwards over the width of the first grate bars, wherein adjacent to and/or bordering the connecting surfaces, only the second grate bars comprise at least one pin configured to further increase the larger width, the pin configured to be introduced into a corresponding pocket in the first grate bars, wherein the pin comprises a projection that projects outward from a surface of a respective second grate bar, wherein for removal, a second grate bar on a side of the support is lifted from the grate rod far enough so that the second grate bar can be slid along the longitudinal center plane in order to remove the pin from the pocket of adjacent first grate bars, and wherein a reverse sequence is used for installing the second grate bar.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the support of each of the first grate bars and the second grate bars is located at a rear end thereof, and a connecting surface of each of the first grate bars and the second grate bars is located at a front end thereof.

Description

(1) In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 shows, in two schematic side views, partial cutouts of a step-shaped incineration grate with grate bars arranged in steps, whereby the alternating rows of the grate bars are connected with a fixed bearing and a movable thrust bearing,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional view of a first grate bar A with a width of its supporting surface for the fuel that is smaller in comparison to its normal width b and the formation of a rib and two pockets,

(4) FIG. 3 shows, in a three-dimensional comparison, a second grate bar B with a width of its supporting surface for the fuel that is larger than its normal width b for overlapping with a first grate bar A,

(5) FIG. 4 shows the grate bar A according to FIG. 2 in several cross section views,

(6) FIG. 5 shows the grate bar B according to FIG. 3 in several cross section views,

(7) FIG. 6 shows the method for removing a second grate bar B from a completely assembled row of grate bars and

(8) FIG. 7 shows a 3-D view of the at least four necessary grate bars A, B, A and B for producing a complete incineration grate.

(9) According to FIG. 1, an incineration grate 11 consists of several steps of a number of grate bars 1 that are arranged in rows next to each other and in rows under each other and that form combustion surfaces for the fuel 14 with their upper supporting surfaces 2. In this case, a grate bar 1 has a rear end with a support 15 for form-fitting connection with a grate rod 16 and a front end with a connecting surface 3 between the upper supporting surface 2 and the lower contact surface of grate bar 1 with the grate bar 1 of the next lower level. These step-shaped combustion surfaces 17 are formed over the width of the incineration grate 11 of first and second grate bars A, B, preferably in alternating sequence, whereby on the respective end of the combustion surface 17, special grate bars A/B (FIG. 7) can be arranged. The connecting surface 3 can be designed in a number of geometries, but essentially the supporting surface 2 of a grate bar A, B is connected to the supporting surface 2 of another grate bar A, B with form fit, in such a way that during sliding, the fuel 14 can fall onto the grate bars 1 arranged one step further below. In higher-quality incineration grates 11, each second step is generally designed by means of a fixed bearing 12 and each second step offset to it for moving a step of the incineration grate is designed using a thrust hearing. FIG. 2 now shows a first grate bar A with a smaller supporting surface for the fuel 14 than grate B according to FIG. 3. In the rear area, both grate bars A, B, have a support 15 for form-fitting connection with grate rod 16 and in the front area, the supporting surface 2 changes into a connecting surface 3 that essentially ends on the underside of grate bar A, B ends when it makes contact with the supporting surface 2 of the next grate bar A or B. The transition between the supporting surface 2 and the connecting surface 3 is generally flowing and depends on the fuel 14 to be incinerated. If the two grate bars A, B are now arranged next to each other on a grate rod 16, the result is an overlap 9 by which the rib 4 of the first grate bar A is located below the supporting surface 2 of the second grate bar B. Thus, with a simultaneous form-fitting position of the support 15 on a grate rod 16, when an overlap is formed, it is no longer possible for a grate bar A that lies between two grate bars B to lift up. The spacer 19 of the two grate bars A and B provide for the necessary spacing of the grate bars A, B vertically and horizontally in order to be able to supply adequate primary air for cooling the grate bars and for firing the fuel.

(10) According to FIGS. 4 and 5, over their width b, the first gate bars A have at least one shoulder 7 toward the inside in the area of the supporting surface to form a supporting surface 2 for the fuel smaller than that on the second grate bars B, whereby the second grate bars B have a supporting surface 2 with larger width b due to a shoulder 8 outward, for forming an overlap 9 with the first grate bar A. In order to also obtain a form-fitting connection for fastening the grate bars B in installed state, adjacent to and/or bordering the connecting surfaces 3, the grate bars have at least one pin 5 that additionally enlarges a width b to width b, preferably on both sides, the pin engaging in a corresponding pocket 6 of the adjacent first grate bars A. Accordingly, the second grate bar B that is fixed with form fit due to the pin 5 fastened in the pockets 6 can no longer be lifted without also lifting the adjacent grate bars A. Preferably it is provided that the cross section of the grate bars A, B is essentially similar or equal outside the area of the shoulders. Preferably the grate bars A, B should essentially have the same width b so that in the design of the shoulders, essentially equal dimensions result. Preferably it is especially provided that each supporting surface 2, the shoulders 7, 8, the overlaps 9 of the grate bars A, B, the ribs 4, the pockets 6 and/or the pins 5 are designed symmetrically from top to bottom and in longitudinal plane 10 running in a longitudinal direction of grate bars A, B.

(11) Preferably the pocket 6 should be arranged at a distance from the supporting surface 2.

(12) It is especially advantageous if the pockets 6 and/or the pins 5 are arranged adjacent to the die removal plane 18 or cut from it. The die removal plane 18 is shown there in dotted lines and indicates the plane from which the grate bar 1 can be removed from the die on two sides after the casting. This is especially advantageous to prevent unnecessary undercuts that were previously usual according to the state of the art. It is understandable that the pockets 6 and/or the pins 5 cannot be arranged in such a way that they are wide open in the direction of the supporting surface 2, since otherwise no form-fitting connection can be implemented that can prevent the unintended lifting of the grate bars 1 from the grate bars lying below.

(13) Preferably the first grate bars A will have a rib 4 that is arranged below the shoulder 8 in the area of the supporting surface 2 for overlapping 9 with the second grate bars B.

(14) FIG. 6 now shows the sequence of a method for removing a grate bar B from a form-fitting connection between two grate bars A. In this case, grate bar B can be lifted upward at its rear support and thereby turns around the auxiliary bearing consisting of the pins 5 of the grate bar B and the associated pockets 6 of the adjacent grate bars A. After adequate lifting of the rear side of the grate bar B, the support 15 of grate bar B is no longer in engagement with grate rod 16, so grate bar B can be slid forward and the pins of grate bar B can leave the pockets 6 of the adjacent grate bars A.

(15) Now gate bar B can be removed without problems. In order to now remove the adjacent grate bar B, it only needs to be slid somewhat in the direction of the gap of the grate bar that was already removed that has become fee in order to release the form-fitting overlap 9 with the additional grate bar B. The installation and mounting of grate bars A, B occurs essentially analogously and in reverse sequence.

(16) Now for the sake of completeness, FIG. 7 shows a complete set of grate bars necessary for optimal production of an incineration grate. Depending on the requirements, it may be sufficient to arrange all grate bars in the same alignment. It can also be desirable to arrange these offset to each other in steps. In this context it may also make sense to produce grate bars A, B for the edge area. Alternatively, the walls lying on the outside and adjacent to the combustion surfaces 17 could simulate geometric edges and/or surfaces in order to achieve a form-fitting connection of the grate bars A, B with the walls.

REFERENCE NUMBER LIST: P1427

(17) 1. Grate bar 2. Supporting surfaces 3. Connecting surface 4. Rib 5. Pin 6. Pocket 7. Shoulder, inner 8. Shoulder, outer 9. Overlap 10. Longitudinal center plane 11. Incineration grate 12. Fixed bearing 13. Thrust bearing 14. Fuel 15. Support 16. Grate rod b Normal width without shoulders b Shoulder toward the outside b Width of the tab/pin 5