SECONDARY CELL INSPECTION METHOD AND SECONDARY CELL INSPECTION DEVICE

Abstract

Provided is a secondary battery inspection device capable of improving inspection accuracy while simplifying the inspection of a secondary battery. Value of a model parameter of a secondary battery model is identitied based on a sampling period T. In the secondary battery model, impedance of internal resistance of a secondary battery 2(0) is expressed by an IIR transfer function and an FIR transfer function. When impulse current I(t) is input to a specified model as the secondary battery model the value of the model parameter of which is identified, a model output voltage as a voltage change form output from the specified model is estimated. The performance of the secondary battery 200 according to the sampling period T is evaluated based on the measurement result of the voltage of the secondary battery 200 when the impulse current I(t) flows into the secondary battery 200, and the specified model output voltage.

Claims

1. A secondary battery inspection device comprising: a voltage recognition element which recognizes a measurement result of voltage of a secondary battery when an impulse current flows into the secondary battery; a model parameter setting element which identifies, based on a sampling period, a value of a model parameter of a secondary battery model in which impedance of internal resistance of the secondary battery is expressed by transfer functions respectively representing an IIR system and an FIR system; a voltage estimation element which, when the impulse current is input to a specified model as the secondary battery model the value of the model parameter of which is identified by the model parameter setting element, estimates a model output voltage as a voltage change form output from the specified model; and an evaluation element which evaluates performance of the secondary battery according to the sampling period based on the measurement result of the voltage of the secondary battery recognized by the voltage recognition element, and the specified model output voltage estimated by the voltage estimation element.

2. The secondary battery inspection device according to claim 1, wherein the model parameter setting element individually identifies the value of the model parameter based on each of a plurality of sampling periods, respectively, the voltage estimation element estimates a plurality of model output voltages as voltage change forms respectively output from a plurality of specified models when the impulse current is input to the plurality of specified models as individual secondary battery models with the values of the model parameter identified by the model parameter setting element, and the evaluation element evaluates a plurality of performances of the secondary battery respectively according to respective of the plurality of sampling periods based on the measurement result of the voltage of the secondary battery recognized by the voltage recognition element, and respective of the plurality of specified model output voltages estimated by the voltage estimation element.

2. The secondary battery inspection device according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature compensation element which recognizes a measurement result of temperature of the secondary battery, wherein the model parameter setting element corrects the value of the model parameter based on the measurement result of the temperature of the secondary battery recognized by the temperature compensation element.

4. A secondary battery inspection method comprising: a voltage recognition process of recognizing a measurement result of voltage of a secondary battery when an impulse current flows into the secondary battery; a model parameter setting process of identifying, based on a sampling period, a value of a model parameter of a secondary battery model in which impedance of internal resistance of the secondary battery is expressed by transfer functions respectively representing an IIR system and an FIR system; a voltage estimation process in which, when the impulse current is input to a specified model as the secondary battery model the value of the model parameter of which is identified in the model parameter setting process, a model output voltage as a voltage change form output from the specified model is estimated; and an evaluation process of evaluating performance of the secondary battery according to the sampling period based on the measurement result of the voltage of the secondary battery recognized in the voltage recognition process, and the specified model output voltage estimated in the voltage estimation process.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram related to the configuration of a secondary battery inspection device as one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] FIG. 2A is a first illustrated diagram of an equivalent circuit of the internal resistance of a secondary battery.

[0018] FIG. 2B is a second illustrated diagram of the equivalent circuit of the internal resistance of the secondary battery.

[0019] FIG. 2C is a third illustrated diagram of the equivalent circuit of the internal resistance of the secondary battery.

[0020] FIG. 2D is a fourth illustrated diagram of the equivalent circuit of the internal resistance of the secondary battery.

[0021] FIG. 3A is a diagram representing a transfer function of a connection resistance component R.sub.0 of the secondary battery.

[0022] FIG. 3B is a diagram representing an IIR transfer function of the i-th RC parallel circuit composed of a charge transfer resistance Ri and a capacitor C,.

[0023] FIG. 3C is a diagram representing an IIR transfer function of an inductance component L..

[0024] FIG. 3D is a diagram representing an FIR transfer function of a Warburg impedance Wo.

[0025] FIG. 4 is an explanatory chart related to Nyquist plots of the secondary battery.

[0026] FIG. 5A is an explanatory chart related to a first evaluation index according to a first sampling period.

[0027] FIG. 5B is an explanatory chart related to a second evaluation index according to the first sampling period.

[0028] FIG. 5C is an explanatory chart related to a third evaluation index according to a second sampling period.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

[0029] (Configuration of Secondary Battery Inspection Device)

[0030] A secondary battery inspection device 100 as one embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1 is composed of a processor (arithmetic processing unit), a memory (storage device), an I/O circuit, and the like. In the memory or a storage device separate from this memory, a program (software) is stored and held in addition to various data such as parameters for defining a secondary battery model. For example, each of plural identifiers for identifying a secondary battery or the type of a target machine element (identified by the standard and specifications) in which this secondary battery is installed, and each of plural secondary battery models are stored and held in the memory in association with each other. The processor reads necessary program and data from the memory, and executes arithmetic processing according to the program based on the data to execute arithmetic processing or a task to be described later.

[0031] The secondary battery inspection device 1(00 includes an C)CV detection element 102, a subtraction element 104, a temperature compensation element 110. a first sampling period output element 111. a first model parameter setting element 112, a first voltage estimation element 114, a first division element 116, a second sampling period output element 121, a second model parameter setting element 122, a second voltage estimation element 124, a second division element 126, a first evaluation element 142, a second evaluation element 144, and a third evaluation element 146.

[0032] (Secondary Battery Model)

[0033] Each of the secondary battery models is a model representing voltage V(t) output from a secondary battery 200 when current I(L) is input to the secondary battery 200. The voltage V(t) is defined by equation (01i using an open circuit voltage OCV of the secondary battery 200 and a transfer function H(t) of the internal resistance.

V(t)=OCV+H(t).Math.I(t)  (01)

The transfer function H(t) of an equivalent circuit model of the internal resistance of the secondary battery is defined by equation (02).

[0034] [Math. 1]

H(t)=Ho(t)+Σ.sub.i=1.sup.mH.sub.l(t)+Hw(t)+Ht(t)  (02)

[0035] “H.sub.0(t),” “H.sub.1(t),” “H.sub.w(t).” and “H.sub.L(t)” are defined by parameters representing the characteristics of the internal resistance of the secondary battery.

[0036] In FIG. 2A, an example of an equivalent circuit of the internal resistance of the secondary battery 200 is illustrated. In this example, the equivalent circuit of the internal resistance is defined by a series circuit of a connection resistance component Rn, the i-th RC parallel circuit (i=1, 2, . . . . m) composed of charge transfer resistances R, and capacitors C;, a Warburg impedance Wo. and a coil L. In FIG. 2A, the number, in, of RC parallel circuits connected in series is “4.” As illustrated in FIG. 2B, the number, m, of RC parallel circuits connected in series may be smaller than 4, or may be larger than 4. As illustrated in FIG. 2C and FIG. 21), respectively, the Warburg impedance Wo may also be connected in series with a resistance R in at least any one of RC parallel circuits (for example, in the first RC parallel circuit). Further, each capacitor C may be replaced with a CPE (Constant Phase Element). In addition, the coil L may be omitted.

[0037] The transfer function hI-(z) of the resistance R, is defined by equation (10). In FIG. 3A, a block diagram representing the transfer function hI-(z) of the resistance R0 is illustrated.

H.sub.0(z)=R.sub.0  (10)

[0038] The dependency of R.sub.0 on temperature 0 is predetermined according to the equation (10) based on the measurement results of Nyquist plots of a reference secondary battery at different temperatures 0 (see FIG. 4), respectively. In other words, the coefficient R.sub.0 is defined as a dependent variable or a function when the temperature 0 for defining the transfer function Ho(z) of the resistance R.sub.0 is taken as the main variable.

[0039] The transfer function H,(z) of the i-th RC parallel circuit is defined by equation (20) as an IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) system. In FIG. 3B, a block diagram representing the transfer function Hi(z) of the i-tb RC parallel circuit is illustrated.

Hi(z)=(b.sub.0+b.sub.iz.sup.−1)/(1+a.sub.iz.sup.−1 )  (20)

[0040] A transfer function Hi(s) of the i-th RC parallel circuit in an s region is expressed by equation (21).

H.sub.i(s)=RAI(+zis) (where z, =1/R.sub.iC.sub.i) (21)

[0041] When the transfer function H,(s) is bilinear-transformed (s -+(2/T)(1--z)/(1+z-) (where T is a sampling period)), the transfer function Hi(z) of the i-th RC parallel circuit in a z region is expressed by equation (22).

H.sub.i(z)={R.sub.i/(1+2.sub.ti/T)+R.sub.1/(1+2.sub.ti/T).sub.z .sup.−1}/{1+(1-2.sub.ti/T)/(1+2.sub.ti/T)z.sup.−1}  (22)

[0042] From a comparison between the equations (20) and (22), each of coefficients bo,, b.sub.i. and a.sub.i in the IIR transfer function is defined by each of equations (221) to (223), respectively.

b.sub.0=RJ(1+2/T)  (221)

b.sub.1=R.sub.1/(1+2.sub.ti/T)  (222)

a.sub.i=−{1+(1.Math.2ti/T)}  (223)

[0043] The dependencies of R.sub.1 and C.sub.1 on temperature 0 are predetermined according to the equation (21) based on the measurement results of Nyquist plots of the secondary battery at different temperatures 0 (see FIG. 4), respectively. In other words. each of the coetlicients b,, bi, and ai that define the transfer function Hi(z) of the i-th RC parallel circuit is defined as a dependent variable or a multivariable function when the temperature 0 and sampling frequency T are taken as main variables.

[0044] The transfer function Hr(.z) of the coil L is defined by equation (30) as the transfer function of the IIR system. In FIG. 3C, a block diagram representing the transfer function H.sub.L(z) of the coil L is illustrated.

H.sub.L(z)=(2L.sub.0/T)(1 −z.sup.−1)/(1+z.sup.−1)  (30)

A transfer tunction Hi(s) of the coil L in the s region is expressed by equation (31).

H.sub.L(s)=sL.sub.0  (31)

When the transfer function Hi.(s) is bilinear-transformed, the transfer function HL-(z) of the coil L in the z region is represented by equation (32).

H.sub.L(z)={2L.sub.0/T−2L.sub.0/T.sub.z.sup.−1}/(1+z.sup.−1)  (32)

[0045] From a comparison between the equations (30) and (32), each of the coefficients b.sub.0, b.sub.i, and a.sub.i in the IIR transfer function is detined by each of equations (321) to (323), respectively.

b.sub.0=2L.sub.0T  (321)

b.sub.i=−2L0/T  (322)

a.sub.i=−1  (323)

The dependence of L.sub.0 on temperature θ is predetermined according to the equation (31) based on the measurement results of Nyquist plots of the reference secondary battery at each of different temperatures θ (see FIG. 4), respectively.

[0046] In other words, each of the coefficients b.sub.0 and b.sub.i that define the transfer function Hi(z) of the coil L is defined as a dependent variable or a multivariable function when the temperature θ and sampling frequency Tare taken as main variables.

[0047] The transfer function I-wiz) of the Warburg impedance Wo is defined by equation (40) as a transfer function of a FIR (Finite Impulse Response) system. In FIG. 3D, a block diagram representing the transter function Hw(z) of the Warburg impedance W.sub.0 is illustrated.

[0048] Math. 2

Hw(z)=Σ.sub.k=0.sup.n hiz.sup.−k  (40)

A transfer function Iw(s) of the Warburg impedance Wu in the s region is represented by equation (41).

Hw(s)=Rwtanh(sTw/(sTw).sup.P  (41)

[0049] When the transfer function Ht.(s) is bilinear-transformed, the transfer function Hw(z) of the Warburg impedance Wo in the z region is represented by equation (42).

Hw(z)=Rwtanh[(2Tw/T)(1.Math.z.sup.−1)/(1+z.sup.−1)]/{(2Tw/T)(1−z−1)/(1+z.sup.−1)}.sup.P  (42)

Thus, from a comparison between the equations (40) and (42), it is found to be difficult to determine each of the coefficient lhi in the FIR transfer function, respectively. Therefore, the dependencies of Rw, Tw, and p on temperature θ are determined according to the equation (41) based on the measurement results of Nyquist plots of the reference secondary battery at each of different temperatures U (see FIG. 4), respectively. Then, the equation (42) is subjected to inverse-FFT transform to be extracted as the coefficients of delay elements zk (k=0 to n, where n is, for example, about several tens to 1(XX)) in order to approximately define the transfer function Hw(z) of the Warburg impedance Wo as an FIR transfer function as in equation (40). This is derived from the fact that the influence of the Warburg impedance W.sub.t is reflected on a low frequency side in the Nyquist plots. In other words. each of the coefficients hu that define the transfer function Hw(z) of the Warburg impedance W) is defined as a dependent variable or a multivariable function when the temperature θ and sampling frequency T are taken as main variables.

[0050] In FIG. 4. an example of Nyquist plots representing the measurement results of a complex impedance Z of the secondary battery 200 is illustrated together with an approximate curve of the plots. The horizontal axis is the real part ReZ of the complex impedance Z. and the vertical axis is the imaginary part -ImZ of the complex impedance Z. In a region of -ImZ >0, lower frequency complex impedance Z is represented as ReZ increases.

[0051] A value of ReZ when -ImZ=0 (FIG. 4 (first evaluation section)) corresponds to the connection resistance component R.sub.0 of the secondary battery 200 (see FIG. 3A). A section in a region of -ImZ <0 (first evaluation section) surrounded by the dot-and-dash line in FIG. 4 corresponds to the impedance of wiring inductance Lo of the electrodes and the like of the secondary battery 200 (see FIG. 313). A crushed semicircular shaped section in a region of -ImZ >0 (second evaluation section) surrounded by the long dashed double-dotted line in FIG. 4 corresponds to reaction resistance and electric double layer (impedance of the first to the m-th RC parallel circuits) at the electrode interface of the secondary battery 200 (see FIG. 3C). The radius tends to he smaller as the temperature T of the secondary battery 200 increases. The influence of the Warburg impedance W.sub.o of the secondary battery 200 is reflected in an approximately linear section standing up at about 45° in a low frequency range in a region of ImZ >0 (third evaluation section) surrounded by the dashed line in FIG. 4 (see FIG. 3D).

[0052] The approximate curve of the complex impedance Z of the secondary battery. which is represented by solid Nyquist plots in FIG. 4 is determined under the assumption that the transfer function H(t) of the equivalent circuit model of the internal resistance of the secondary battery is detined according to the equation (02). Thus. values of parameters R.sub.0 (see the equation (10)), R.sub.i and C.sub.i (see the equation (21)), LU (see the equation (31)), Rw, Tw, and p (see the equation (41) are determined at each temperature θ. The value of the open circuit voltage OCV in each secondary battery model is identified by the measured value of the open circuit voltage OCV (see the equation (01)). Then. secondary battery models are established by the parameter values for various types of secondary batteries 200.

[0053] (Secondary Battery Inspection Method)

[0054] An inspection method of the secondary battery 200 executed by the secondary battery inspection device 100 having the configuration mentioned above will be described.

[0055] The impulse current 1(t). the voltage V(t), and the temperature 0(t) of the secondary battery 200 are measured by a current sensor S1, a voltage sensor S2, and a temperature sensor SO, respectively, when the impulse current I(t) is applied by a charge/discharge device 300 to the secondary battery 200 to be inspected.

[0056] the measurement result of the temperature 0(t) of the secondary battery 200 is input to the temperature compensation element 110, and a temperature compensation model parameter according to the measurement result is output from the temperature compensation element 110. Specifically, values R.sub.o(θ), R.sub.i(θ), C.sub.i(θ), L.sub.o(θ), Rw(θ) Tw(θ), and p(θ) of the parameters R.sub.0 (see the equation (10)). R, and C.sub.i(see the equation (21)),1 La (see the equation (31)). and Rw and Tw (see the equation (41)) according to the temperature θ are determined. These model parameters can be determined as average values of a good product population from mass-produced products of secondary batteries, and used as a reference model for pass/fail determination.

[0057] The temperature compensation model parameter is input from the temperature compensation element 110 to the first model parameter setting element 112, and the IIR model parameters b.sub.0(θ, T.sub.i), b.sub.i(θ, T.sub.1), and a.sub.i(θ, T.sub.1) are determined by the first model parameter setting element 112 based on the temperature compensation model parameters Ri(θ) and C.sub.i(θ) according to the first sampling period Ti (see the equations (221) to (223)). The IIR model parameters b.sub.0(θ, T.sub.1), b.sub.i(θ, T.sub.1), and a.sub.i(θ,T.sub.1). To are determined by the first model parameter setting element 12 based on the temperature compensation model parameter L.sub.o(θ) according to the first sampling period Ti (see the equations (0.321) to (323)). The FIR model parameter hk(0, Ti) is determined by the first model parameter setting element 112 based on the temperature compensation model parameters Rw(0, Ti), Tw(O, To, and p(O, Ti) according to the first sampling period T: (see the equation (40)). 100571 The voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 200 is inferred by the first voltage estimation element 114 based on the measurement result of the impulse current 1(t) ofthe secondary battery 200 according to the secondary battery model defined by the transfer function Hit) according to the first sampling period Ti as a short period (for example, about 10 ms) (see the equation (01)). In FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the measured values of the voltage V of the secondary battery 200 at the time of discharge are illustrated by the dotted line, approximate curves representing the measured values of the OCV of the secondary battery 200 in each first sampling period T: are illustrated by the dashed line. and approximate curves representing the estimation results of the voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 200 in each first sampling period Ti by the first voltage estimation element 114 are illustrated by the solid line, respectively. Since the open circuit voltage OCV is not considered in the secondary battery model, the estimation results D of the voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 200 in each first sampling period T: by the first voltage estimation element 114 is inferred based on the (CV (see FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B/down arrow D).

[0058] The temperature compensation model parameter is input from the temperature compensation element. 110 to the second model parameter setting element 122, and the IIR model parameters bo(0, T.sub.2), bi( ), T2), and a,(0, T2) are determined by the second model parameter setting element 122 based on the temperature compensation model parameters R.sub.1(θ) and C( ) according to the second sampling period T2 (see the equations (221) to (223)). The IIR model parameters bo(8. T?), bi(O, T2), and ai(9. T?) are determined by the second model parameter setting element 122 based on the temperature compensation model parameter 140) according to the second sampling period T2 (see the equations (321) to (323)). The FIR model parameter hk(0. T.sub.2) is determined by the second model parameter setting element 122 based on the temperature compensation model parameters Rw(0, T--). Tw(0, T.sub.2), and p(0, T.sub.2) according to the second sampling period T2 (see the equation (40)).

[0059] The voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 200 is inferred by the second voltage estimation element 124 based on the measurement result of the impulse current I(t) of the secondary battery 200) according to the secondary battery model detined by the transfer function HWt) according to the second sampling period T2 as a long period (for example, about 1 s) (see the equation (01)). In FIG. 5C, the measured values of the voltage V of the secondary battery 200 at the time of discharge are illustrated by the solid line. an approximate curve representing the measured values of the OCV of the secondary battery 200 in each second sampling period T2 is illustrated by the dashed line, and an approximate curve representing the estimation result of the voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 200 in each second sampling period T2 by the second voltage estimation element 124 is illustrated by the solid line. Since the open circuit voltage OCV is not considered in the secondary battery model, the estimation result E of the voltage V(tt) of the secondary battery 200 by the second voltage estimation element 124 is inferred based on the CXV (see FIG. 5C/down arrow E).

[0060] The voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 20(0 is input to the secondary battery inspection device 100, and the open circuit voltage OCV(t) of the secondary battery 200 is detected by the OCV detection element 102 based on input A concerned. Then, a difference C=A−B of input A=V(t) and output B=(OV(t) of the OCV detection element 10Y2 is output by the subtraction element 104. The difference C is illustrated by the down arrow C in each of FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B. and FIG. 5C. which represents a difference between the measured value (solid line) of the voltage V of the secondary battery 200 at the time of discharge and the measured value dotted line) of the OCV.

[0061] The difference C is input from the subtraction element 104 to the division element 116, and the estimation result D of the voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 200 is input from the first voltage estimation element 114 to calculate a ratio C/D of both inputs.

[0062] CID at each point of time in a first period (see FIG. 5A/region surrounded by the dashed box) immediately after the impulse current I(t) starts flowing from the division element 116 is input to the first evaluation element 142. and the connection resistance component R.sub.0 and the inductance element L, of the secondary battery 200 in the first evaluation section is evaluated by the first evaluation element 142 based on a statistical index value, such as an average value of the input, a variance value, a deviation value. or an intermediate value of the maximum value and the minimum value. Here. since contribution by Lo is only the impedance on the imaginary axis and there is no contribution as the resistance value, the component to be evaluated is only Rv after all. The closer C/D to 1, the smaller the change in the connection resistance component Rv of the secondary battery 200 is evaluated compared with the initial state or the good product population.

[0063] C/D at each point of time in a second period (see FIG. 5B/region surrounded by the dashed box) longer than the first perixi and starting at the elapse of the first period after the impulse current I(t) starts flowing from the division element 116 is input to the second evaluation element 144, and the reaction resistance and electric double layer (impedance of the first to the m-th RC parallel circuits) at the electrode interface of the secondary battery 200 in the second evaluation section are evaluated by the second evaluation element 144 based on the statistical index value of the input. The closer the C/I) to 1. the smaller the change in the reaction resistance and electric double laver (impedance of the first to the m-th RC parallel circuits) at the electrode interface of the secondary battery 200 is evaluated compared with the initial state or the good product population. A tolerance level can be set to the calculated value of C/D for pass/fail determination.

[0064] The difference C is input from the subtraction element 104 to the division element 126, and the estimation result E of the voltage V(t) of the secondary battery 200 is input from the second voltage estimation element 124 to calculate a ratio of C/E of both inputs.

[0065] C/E at each point of time in a third period (see FIG. 5C/region surrounded by the dashed box) longer than the second period and starting at the elapse of the first period after the impulse current 1(t) starts flowing from the division element 126 is input to the third evaluation element 146, and the Warburg impedance Wo of the secondary battery 200 in the third evaluation section is evaluated by the third evaluation element 146 based on the statistical index value of the input. The closer C/E to 1, the smaller the change in the Warburg impedance Wo of the secondary battery 200 is evaluated compared with the initial state or the good product population. A tolerance level can be set to the calculated value of C/E tor pass/fail determination..

[0066] The evaluation results of the first evaluation element 142, the second evaluation element 144, and the third evaluation element 146 are output to an output interface wired or wirelessly connected to the secondary battery inspection device 100.

[0067] Each of the first evaluation element 142, the second evaluation element 144, and the third evaluation element 146 can make the determination with one measurement to estimate which component of the secondary battery is the cause of a failure depending on the combination of the determination results.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0068] According to the secondary battery inspection device 100 of the present invention and the secondary battery inspection method executed thereby, for example, as illustrated in Table 1, when the determination result of C/D related to the first evaluation section has a relation to a first determination reference value y1 as expressed in equation (51), it is evaluated to be “OK (the resistance value of the cell constituent material is within a reference range).” while when the determination result of CD does not have the relation expressed in the equation (51), it is evaluated to be “NG (the resistance value of the cell constituent material exceeds the reference).”

1−γ1<C/D<1+γ1  (51)

Further, as illustrated in Table 1, when the determination result of C/D related to the second evaluation section has a relation to a second determination reference value y2 as expressed in equation (52). it is evaluated to be “OK (there is no abnormality in reactivity between the positive electrode and the negative electrode),” while when the determination result of C/D does not have the relation expressed in the equation (52), it is evaluated to be “NO (there is abnormality in reactivity between the positive electrode and the negative electrode).”

1−γ2<C/D<1+72  (52)

[0069] Further, as illustrated in Table 1, when the determination result of C/E related to the third evaluation section has a relation to a third determination reference value f3 as expressed in equation (53). it is evaluated to be “OK (there is no shortage of electrolyte, no deterioration of the electrolyte, or the like),” while when the determination result of C/E does not have the relation expressed in the equation (53), it is evaluated to be “NG (there is a shortage of electrolyte, a deterioration of the electrolyte, or the like).”

1-γ3<CID <1+γ3  (53)

[0070] Thus, according to the present invention, not only can the pass/fail determination of the secondary battery be simply made but also it can be estimated which of components of the secondary battery causes a problem by one measurement.

[0071] The evaluation results may be transmitted from the secondary battery inspection device 100 to a client such as a smartphone, a tablet terminal, or a personal computer, and output to and displayed on an output interface (display) that constitutes part of the client. Thus, since a defect factor can also be estimated while facilitating the inspection of the secondary battery 20. not only can the inspection accuracy be improved, but also a user of the client who engages in the production process can get smooth feedback.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Determination Determination Determination Result in First Result in Second Result in Third Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation Individual Section Section Section Content Determination Determination Determination Assumed Abnormality Reference γ1 Reference γ2 Reference γ3 Factor Abnormality NG NG NG Increased of Ro Resistance of Cell Constituent Material (Contact Failure or Electrical Resistance) Abnormality OK NG NG Abnormality in of Rn, Cn Reactivity of Positive Electrode and Negative Electrode Abnormality OK OK NG Ion Diffusion of WO Reaction in Electrode. Such as Shortage or Deteriora lion of Electrolyte

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0072] 100 . . . secondary battery inspection device, 102 . . . OCV detection element (voltage recognition element), 104 . . . subtraction element, 110 . . . temperature compensation element, 112 . . . first model parameter setting element, 114 . . . first voltage estimation element, 122 . . . second model parameter setting element, 124 . . . second voltage estimation element, 200 . . . secondary battery, 300 . . . charge/discharge device.