Fillet arc welded joint and method of forming the same

Abstract

At least one stiffening bead (32) is formed by arc welding on a surface of at least one of metal members in addition to a fillet bead (3) formed by fillet arc welding. The stiffening bead (32) is formed to have an angle of 45 to 135 with respect to the fillet bead (3) and to overlap with the fillet bead (3). The sum total l1 of lengths of stiffening beads (32) can be, for example, 0.5 times or more of a length L of the fillet bead (3).

Claims

1. A fillet arc welded joint formed by fillet arc welding a first metal member and a second metal member, the fillet arc welded joint comprising: the first and second metal members each being substantially planar and comprising opposing first and second sides, the first metal member overlapping the first side of the second metal member and an end portion of the first metal member being fillet arc welded to a surface of the second metal member to form a fillet bead longitudinally extending along an edge of the end portion, at least one stiffening bead formed by arc welding on the surface of the second metal member, wherein each stiffening bead longitudinally extends across the surface with the fillet bead being a starting point, wherein each stiffening bead is formed to have an angle of 45 to 135 with respect to the fillet bead, and is formed to satisfy conditions (a1), (b), and (c) below:
Sum total l of lengths of stiffening beadsL0.5(a1)
Height h of the stiffening beadst/2(b)
Width w of the stiffening beads2.5t(c) L: Length (mm) of the fillet bead t: Thickness (mm) of the second metal member, and wherein: the fillet bead penetrates the first and second sides of the first metal member and is formed on only the first side of the second metal member, and does not penetrate the second side of the second metal member the stiffening bead does not penetrate the second side of the second metal member, the Height h of the stiffening bead refers to a distance in a height direction between the surface of the second metal member and a highest position of the stiffening bead formed on the second metal member, wherein the surface of the second metal member is an area where no stiffening bead is formed, and the fillet bead and the stiffening bead are different weld beads.

2. The fillet arc welded joint according to claim 1, wherein a number n of the stiffening beads formed with respect to the fillet beads satisfies a condition (d) below:
L/n50t(d) L: Bead length (mm) of the fillet bead t: Thickness (mm) of the metal member on which the stiffening bead is formed.

3. A fillet arc welded joint formed by fillet arc welding a first metal member and a second metal member, the fillet arc welded joint comprising: the first and second metal members each being substantially planar and comprising opposing first and second sides, the first metal member overlapping the first side of the second metal member and an end portion of the first metal member being fillet arc welded to a surface of the second metal member to form a fillet bead longitudinally extending along an edge of the end portion, at least one stiffening bead formed by arc welding on the surface of the second metal member, wherein each stiffening bead longitudinally extends across the surface with the fillet bead being a starting point, wherein each stiffening bead is formed to have an angle of 45 to 135 with respect to the fillet bead within a range from a position of at least one of a start edge and an end edge of the fillet bead to a position separated therefrom by of a length of the fillet bead along a direction in which the fillet bead is formed, and is formed to satisfy conditions (a2), (b), and (c) below:
Length l of one stiffening beadmax{2Wf,D}(a2)
Height h of the stiffening beadt/2(b)
Width w of the stiffening bead2.5t(c) Wf: Width (mm) of the fillet bead D: Distance (mm) between the stiffening bead and a position of an edge closer to each stiffening bead out of positions of the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead max{2Wf, D}: Larger value out of 2Wf and D L: Length (mm) of the fillet bead t: Thickness (mm) of the second metal member, and wherein: the fillet bead penetrates the first and second sides of the first metal member and is formed on only the first side of the second metal member, and does not penetrate the second side of the second metal member the stiffening bead does not penetrate the second side of the second metal member, the Height h of the stiffening bead refers to a distance in a height direction between the surface of the second metal member and a highest position of the stiffening bead formed on the second metal member, wherein the surface of the second metal member is an area where no stiffening bead is formed, and the fillet bead and the stiffening bead are different weld beads.

4. The fillet arc welded joint according to claim 3, wherein a number n of the stiffening beads formed with respect to the fillet beads satisfies a condition (d) below:
L/n50t(d) L: Bead length (mm) of the fillet bead t: Thickness (mm) of the metal member on which the stiffening bead is formed.

5. A method for forming a fillet arc welded joint by fillet arc welding a first metal member and a second metal member, the method comprising: the first and second metal members each being substantially planar and comprising opposing first and second sides, the first metal member overlapping the first side of the second metal member, forming a fillet bead longitudinally extending along an edge of an end portion of the first metal member by fillet arc welding the end portion to a surface of the second metal member, forming at least one stiffening bead by arc welding on the surface of the second metal member, wherein each stiffening bead longitudinally extends across the surface with the fillet bead being a starting point, and forming each stiffening bead to have an angle of 45 to 135 with respect to the fillet bead, and to satisfy conditions (a1), (b), and (c) below:
Sum total l of lengths of stiffening beadsL0.5(a1)
Height h of the stiffening beadst/2(b)
Width w of the stiffening beads2.5t(c) L: Length (mm) of the fillet bead t: Thickness (mm) of the second metal member, and wherein: the fillet bead penetrates the first and second sides of the first metal member and is formed on only the first side of the second metal member, and does not penetrate the second side of the second metal member the stiffening bead does not penetrate the second side of the second metal member, the Height h of the stiffening bead refers to a distance in a height direction between the surface of the second metal member and a highest position of the stiffening bead formed on the second metal member, wherein the surface of the second metal member is an area where no stiffening bead is formed, and the fillet bead and the stiffening bead are different weld beads.

6. A method for forming a fillet arc welded joint by fillet arc welding a first metal member and a second metal member, the method comprising: the first and second metal members each being substantially planar and comprising opposing first and second sides, the first metal member overlapping the first side of the second metal member, forming a fillet bead longitudinally extending along an edge of an end portion of the first metal member by fillet arc welding the end portion to a surface of the second metal member, forming at least one stiffening bead by arc welding on the surface of the second metal member, wherein each stiffening bead longitudinally extends across the surface with the fillet bead being a starting point, and forming each stiffening bead to have an angle of 45 to 135 with respect to the fillet bead within a range from a position of at least one of a start edge and an end edge of the fillet bead to a position separated therefrom by of a length of the fillet bead along a direction in which the fillet bead is formed, and to satisfy conditions (a2), (b), and (c) below:
Length l of one stiffening beadmax{2Wf,D}(a2)
Height h of the stiffening beadt/2(b)
Width w of the stiffening bead2.5t(c) Wf: Width (mm) of the fillet bead D: Distance (mm) between the stiffening bead and a position of an edge closer to each stiffening bead out of positions of the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead max{2Wf, D}: Larger value out of 2Wf and D L: Length (mm) of the fillet bead t: Thickness (mm) of the second metal member, and wherein: the fillet bead penetrates the first and second sides of the first metal member and is formed on only the first side of the second metal member, and does not penetrate the second side of the second metal member, the stiffening bead does not penetrate the second side of the second metal member, the Height h of the stiffening bead refers to a distance in a height direction between the surface of the second metal member and a highest position of the stiffening bead formed on the second metal member, wherein the surface of the second metal member is an area where no stiffening bead is formed, and the fillet bead and the stiffening bead are different weld beads.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a cross-sectional shape of a lap fillet welded joint.

(2) FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a test piece on which the lap fillet welded joint is formed.

(3) FIG. 3 is a view schematically illustrating a deformation mode of the test piece of the lap fillet welded joint.

(4) FIG. 4 is a view illustrating a test piece on which a stiffening bead is formed substantially perpendicular to a fillet bead with a fillet bead surface being a starting point.

(5) FIG. 5 is a view schematically illustrating a deformation mode of the test piece on which the stiffening bead is formed substantially perpendicular to the fillet bead.

(6) FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an element dividing mode in the vicinity of a bead at the time of the analysis by a three-dimensional finite element method and a set mode of positions and coordinates where a comparison of stress concentration coefficients was made.

(7) FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating results of analyzing a stress concentration coefficient.

(8) FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the relation of lengths of stiffening beads and a fatigue life.

(9) FIG. 9A is a view illustrating a first example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(10) FIG. 9B is a view illustrating a second example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(11) FIG. 9C is a view illustrating a third example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(12) FIG. 9D is a view illustrating a fourth example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(13) FIG. 9E is a view illustrating a fifth example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(14) FIG. 9F is a view illustrating a sixth example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(15) FIG. 9G is a view illustrating a seventh example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(16) FIG. 9H is a view illustrating an eighth example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(17) FIG. 9I is a view illustrating a ninth example of a disposition mode different from FIG. 4 of the stiffening bead on the lap fillet welded joint.

(18) FIG. 10 is a view schematically illustrating a deformation form of a test piece of a fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section.

(19) FIG. 11A is a view illustrating a first example of a disposition mode of the stiffening bead on the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section.

(20) FIG. 11B is a view illustrating a second example of a disposition mode of the stiffening bead on the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section.

(21) FIG. 12 is a view illustrating a test piece in which the stiffening beads are formed in the vicinities of start and end edges of the fillet bead.

(22) FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating evaluation results of a test piece in which a length of the stiffening bead and a distance from a welding start and end edge are used as indexes.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(23) Embodiments of a welded joint of the present invention and a method for forming the same will be described in detail using the drawings.

(24) [Description of Basic Principles]

(25) FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional shape of a lap fillet welded joint. By arc welding using a welding wire the space between an end portion of an upper steel plate 1 and a surface of a lower steel plate 2 as illustrated in FIG. 1, the end portion of the upper steel plate 1 and a surface portion of the lower steel plate 2 melt to a welding boundary 6, solidify, and form a fillet bead 3. Note that the portion where the steel plate and the welding wire melted and solidified is called a welded metal 7. Further, unless noted otherwise, the surface refers to the face of a side where a weld bead of a steel plate is to be formed, or the face of a side where a weld bead of a steel plate is formed.

(26) In the lap fillet welded joint in which one end of a steel plate overlapped portion is fillet arc welded as illustrated in FIG. 1, when a tensile force F1 operates along the upper steel plate 1 on the fillet bead 3 formed by fillet arc welding and a tensile force F2 operates along the lower steel plate 2, a large bending moment occurs by a displacement between a center axis of the upper steel plate 1 and a center axis of the lower steel plate 2.

(27) Thus, there occurs a deformation in a mode such that the upper steel plate 1 warps downward, and the lower steel plate 2 warps upward, and a large stress concentration occurs in a toe portion 4 and a root portion 5. Due to this stress concentration, a fatigue crack occurs from the toe portion 4 or the root portion 5. The fatigue crack proceeds perpendicular to an approximate load direction, and the welded joint breaks. This is not limited to the lap fillet welded joint illustrated in FIG. 1 but can occur in any other fillet welded joint. Note that in the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the toe portion 4 refers to a boundary between the lower steel plate 2 and the fillet bead 3, and the root portion 5 refers to a boundary between the upper steel plate 1 or the lower steel plate 2 and the welded metal 7.

(28) Accordingly, first, in order to analyze a deformation behavior of the fillet arc welded joint, two steel plates having a plate width of 60 mm were overlapped with an overlapped portion of 20 mm, and the overlapped portion was arc welded, thereby preparing a test piece having a fillet bead having a length of just over 40 mm in the overlapped portion as illustrated in FIG. 2. A tensile test was carried out on this test piece. A deformation mode of the test piece when a tensile force operates on the welded joint was then analyzed by a three-dimensional finite element method. Note that an upper view of FIG. 2 is a plan view of the test piece, and a lower view of FIG. 2 is a side view of the test piece. G1 and G2 illustrated in the upper view of FIG. 2 denote a held position during the test.

(29) FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a deformation mode of the test piece. When the tensile force operates to the welded joint, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the lower steel plate 2 bends largely in the vicinity of the fillet bead 3, and the root portion 5 opens largely at an opening angle . Further, as a result of analyzing the behavior of the deformation of the test piece by the three-dimensional finite element method, presence of a large stress concentrating position in the vicinity of the root portion 5 was recognized.

(30) From this result, it is conceivable that the large bending of the lower steel plate 2 in the vicinity of the fillet bead 3 and the large opening of the root portion 5 increase the stress concentration to the root portion 5 and cause occurrence of the fatigue crack. Next, means for suppressing the bending of the lower steel plate 2 were considered.

(31) As a result of study, the present inventors conceived that when an additional arc weld bead (stiffening bead) is formed by performing bead-on welding with the fillet bead 3 being a starting point in a direction intersecting the fillet bead 3, this stiffening bead would be able to function as a member which increases stiffness of the steel plate to suppress bending of the lower steel plate 2, and suppress occurrence of the fatigue crack.

(32) In order to confirm the effectiveness of this, the present inventors further formed a stiffening bead 32 by performing bead-on welding in the test piece illustrated in FIG. 2 so that a moving distance of a welding torch tip is 40 mm in a direction substantially perpendicular to the fillet bead 3 with the surface of the fillet bead 3 being a starting point. The shape of the test piece fabricated in this manner is illustrated in FIG. 4.

(33) Next, the tensile test was carried out on this test piece, and the behavior of deformation of the test piece was analyzed by the three-dimensional finite element method.

(34) FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a deformation mode of the test piece on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed substantially perpendicular to the fillet bead 3.

(35) Comparing the test piece illustrated in FIG. 5 and the test piece illustrated in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the bending in the vicinity of the fillet bead 3 of the lower steel plate 2 is smaller in the test piece illustrated in FIG. 5 in which the stiffening bead 32 is formed than in the test piece illustrated in FIG. 3 in which the stiffening bead 32 is not formed. Further, it can be seen that an opening angle of the root portion 5 illustrated in FIG. 5 is smaller than the opening angle of the root portion 5 illustrated in FIG. 3.

(36) From this, it was confirmed that when the stiffening bead 32 is formed substantially perpendicular to the fillet bead 3 (see FIG. 4), the stiffening bead 32 strongly exhibits an operation to increase stiffness of the steel plate, and bending of the lower steel plate 2 is suppressed.

(37) Moreover, as a result of an analysis by the three-dimensional finite element method with respect to the root portion 5, it was confirmed that the degree of stress concentration in the vicinity of the root portion 5 illustrated in FIG. 5 is smaller than the degree of stress concentration in the vicinity of the root portion 5 illustrated in FIG. 3.

(38) To further confirm such effects of the stiffening bead 32, the present inventors quantitatively analyzed the function of the stiffening bead 32.

(39) An analytic model of the test piece illustrated in FIG. 2 and an analytic model of the test piece illustrated in FIG. 4 were prepared, and the degree of stress concentration in the root portion 5 of each of the analytic models was calculated by the three-dimensional finite element method. Note that the test piece illustrated in FIG. 2 is a test piece on which no stiffening bead is disposed and is a test piece corresponding to a test piece symbol TP2 in Table 2 and Table 3 of examples, which will be described later. Further, the test piece illustrated in FIG. 4 is a test piece on which stiffening beads are disposed, and is a test piece corresponding to the test piece symbol TP10 in Table 2 and Table 3.

(40) FIG. 6 illustrates an element dividing mode in the vicinity of a weld bead at the time of the analysis by the three-dimensional finite element method performed for confirming effects of the stiffening beads and a set mode of positions and coordinates where a comparison of stress concentration coefficients was made. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the coordinates are taken leftward (one direction) with a front end of the root portion 5 being coordinate 0.

(41) FIG. 7 illustrates results of analyzing a maximum stress concentration coefficient Kt on the surface of a rear side of the upper steel plate 1 in the vicinity of the front end (coordinate 0) of the root portion 5 in each of the case where no stiffening bead 32 is disposed and the case where the stiffening beads 32 of 43 mm are disposed. In the following description, the stress concentration coefficient Kt is a value obtained by dividing the value of the maximum principal stress on the upper steel plate 1 in the vicinity of the front end (coordinate 0) of the root portion 5 illustrated in FIG. 6 by an average tensile principal stress applied to a front end of the steel plate.

(42) When there is no stiffening bead 32, the stress concentration coefficient Kt was 5.3, but the stress concentration coefficient Kt decreased to 4.3 by disposing the stiffening bead 32. Although the stiffening bead 32 was disposed only on the lower steel plate 2, it can be seen that the effect of reducing the stress concentration coefficient Kt can be obtained also for the root portion 5.

(43) It can be said that this contributes largely to suppression of occurrence of the fatigue crack with the root portion 5 being a starting point.

(44) The present inventors then prepared test pieces by varying plate thicknesses of steel plates and lengths of the stiffening bead 32 for another stiffening bead, and studied the relation between the plate thicknesses of steel plates and the lengths of the stiffening bead 32 and a fatigue life (times).

(45) As an example of study results, FIG. 8 illustrates results of test piece symbols TP1 to TP15 illustrated in Table 2 and Table 3, which are organized by the relation of the lengths of the stiffening beads and the fatigue life, out of fatigue tests carried out according to conditions which will be described later.

(46) As illustrated in FIG. 8, when the length of the stiffening bead is more than 20 mm, the fatigue life (times) improves largely (1.5 times or more).

(47) From the above results, when the stiffening bead is formed substantially perpendicular to the fillet bead, the stiffening bead strongly exhibits an operation to increase stiffness of the steel plate. Thus, bending of the lower steel plate is suppressed, and as a result, occurrence of the fatigue crack is suppressed significantly.

(48) [Description of Individual Requirements]

(49) From the analysis and experiment as above, it was confirmed that the fatigue strength improves when the stiffening bead 32 is formed. Thus, necessary conditions for the stiffening bead 32 were studied next. Results of this study will be described below.

(50) (Mode of Disposition of the Stiffening Bead)

(51) The stiffening bead 32 needs to be formed to have an overlapped portion with the fillet bead 3. When it is formed separately from the fillet bead, the stiffening bead does not sufficiently function as a member to enhance stiffness of the steel plate. Accordingly, it is necessary to be either in the mode of forming the stiffening bead 32 with the fillet bead 3 being a starting point (that is, placing a weld start point in the fillet bead 3) or in the mode of forming the stiffening bead 32 across the fillet bead 3.

(52) To dispose the stiffening bead 32 to have an overlapped portion with the fillet bead 3, various modes are possible. Note that the case will be described below where the fillet bead 3 is disposed first, and the stiffening bead 32 is disposed to overlap with the fillet bead. However, the same modes as the modes described below can be employed when the stiffening bead 32 is disposed first and then the fillet bead 3 is disposed to overlap with the stiffening bead.

(53) First, a mode of disposition in the case where the stiffening bead 32 is formed on the lap fillet welded joint will be described.

(54) (I) Forming on a Steel Plate on One Side (One-Side Bead).

(55) As explained in the description of basic principles, the stiffening bead 32 is disposed on the lower steel plate 2 with the fillet bead 3 being a start point and in a direction crossing the fillet bead 3. In the following description, the stiffening bead disposed in this manner will be described as a one-side bead as necessary. Further, when referring to the one-side bead as the stiffening bead 32, it will be described as a one-side bead 32A as necessary (see FIG. 9A, FIG. 9D, FIG. 9F, FIG. 9H, and the like).

(56) Here, the length of the fillet bead 3 is L. The length L of the fillet bead 3 is a length of a melting end on both sides of the fillet bead 3. When the stiffening bead 32 is the one-side bead 32A and disposed at one position, it is effective to dispose the one-side bead 32A in the range between a position separated by the length of ()L from one melting end of the fillet bead 3 along a direction in which the fillet bead 3 is formed and a position separated by the length of ()L from one melting end of the fillet bead 3 along the direction in which the fillet bead 3 is formed. Further, forming the one-side bead 32A with the fillet bead 3 side being a starting point is larger in improving effect of fatigue strength than forming the one-side bead 32A with the steel plate side being a starting point. This is because the start edge portion of a weld bead in arc welding becomes a projecting shape where stress concentration occurs, whereas the end edge portion becomes a flat shape where stress concentration decreases.

(57) (II) Forming on Steel Plates on Both Sides Across the Fillet Bead 3 (Cross Bead).

(58) In the description of the basic principles, the mechanism of improving fatigue strength in the case where the stiffening bead 32 is disposed on the lower steel plate 2 with the lap fillet bead 3 being a starting point is described. However, disposing the stiffening bead 32 on both the upper steel plate 1 and the lower steel plate 2 across the fillet bead 3 enables further improvement in fatigue strength. Therefore, the stiffening bead 32 may be disposed in this manner. In the following description, a stiffening bead disposed in this manner will be described as a cross bead as necessary. Further, when referring to the cross bead as the stiffening bead 32, it will be described as a cross bead 32B as necessary (see FIG. 9B, FIG. 9C, FIG. 9G, and so on). Further, when referring to the one-side bead 32A and the cross bead 32B generically, they will be described as a stiffening bead 32.

(59) The mechanism of improving fatigue strength is to suppress bending in the vicinity of the fillet bead 3 as described above. In the cross bead 32B, since the stiffening bead is disposed on the upper steel plate 1, the deformation suppressing effect of the upper steel plate 1 can be improved, and the opening angle of the root portion 5 can be made small.

(60) Note that as indicated by the analysis results of deformation of test pieces in FIG. 4, a compression stress operates on the surface of the upper steel plate 1, and a tensile stress operates on the surface of the lower steel plate 2. Accordingly, in the case where the stiffening bead is disposed across the fillet bead 3 (that is, the cross bead 32B is disposed), desirably, the welding start position is the upper steel plate 1 and the welding end position is the lower steel plate 2, to thereby decrease the stress concentration coefficient of a tensile stress portion of the lower steel plate 2. Further, when this cross bead 32B is disposed at one position, similarly to the one-side bead 32A, it is effective to dispose the cross bead 32B in the range between a position separated by the length of ()L from one melting end of the fillet bead 3 along the direction in which the fillet bead 3 is formed and a position separated by the length of ()L from one melting end of the fillet bead 3 along the direction in which the fillet bead 3 is formed.

(61) (III) Forming a Plurality of Stiffening Beads (Multiple Beads).

(62) It is not necessary for the stiffening bead 32 to be at one position, and fatigue strength improves also by disposing a plurality of stiffening beads. When the plurality of stiffening beads are disposed, one-side beads 32A and cross beads 32B may be disposed independently, or one-side beads 32A and cross beads 32B may be disposed in mixture.

(63) Disposed positions of the case where the plurality of one-side beads 32A or cross beads 32B are disposed may be both end portions of the fillet bead 3.

(64) Examples of dispositions of the stiffening beads 32 will be described in FIG. 9.

(65) FIG. 9A is an example of a one-side bead 32A disposed obliquely with respect to the fillet bead 3 from the vicinity of a center portion of the fillet bead 3. FIG. 9B is an example of the cross bead 32B disposed in the vicinity of a center portion of the fillet bead 3. FIG. 9C is an example of two cross beads 32B disposed on both end portions of the fillet bead 3 respectively. FIG. 9D is an example of one-side beads 32A disposed to have an interval at positions near the center portion of the fillet bead 3. FIG. 9E is an example of two cross beads 32B disposed on both end portions of the fillet bead 3 respectively and two one-side beads 32A disposed on the upper steel plate 1 side to have an interval at positions near the center portion of the fillet bead 3. FIG. 9F is an example two one-side beads 32A disposed on both end portions of the fillet bead 3, respectively. FIG. 9G is an example of two cross beads 32B disposed at positions near both end portions of the fillet bead 3, respectively. FIG. 9H is an example of two one-side beads 32A disposed at positions near both end portions of the fillet bead 3, respectively. FIG. 9I is an example of two cross beads 32B disposed on both end portions of the fillet bead 3, respectively, and two one-side beads 32A disposed on the lower steel plate 2 side to have an interval at positions near the center portion of the fillet bead 3.

(66) (IV) Fillet Welded Joint Having a T-Shaped Cross Section (T Joint)

(67) Next, the case of forming a stiffening bead on a fillet welded joint will be described, the joint being obtained by mounting an end portion of a steel member on a surface of a steel member to form a joint having a T-shaped cross section, and arc welding a corner thereof.

(68) Depending on the shape of a steel member, there may be cases where only one corner of the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section can be welded. Such a fillet welded joint in which only one side is fillet welded can be treated similarly to the lap fillet welded joint.

(69) When a thin steel plate having a plate thickness of 3.6 mm or less is used, deformation of the steel plate affects the fatigue life of a welded portion in the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section. FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a deformation form of a test piece when a tensile load is inputted to a vertical steel plate 8 of the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section. The load inputted to the vertical steel plate 8 is transmitted to a horizontal steel plate 9 through the welded metal 7 (fillet welded portion). Accordingly, the weld toe portion 4 on the vertical steel plate 8 side deforms as if it is pulled to the fillet bead 3 side. Further, the weld toe portion 4 on the horizontal steel plate 9 side deforms as if it is pulled upward. In addition, the root portion 5 deforms as if it is torn apart. Accordingly, also in the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section, similarly to the lap fillet welded joint, it is possible to improve the fatigue life by suppressing deformation of the member by forming the stiffening bead.

(70) FIG. 11 illustrate examples of dispositions of the stiffening bead 32 on the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section formed of the vertical steel plate 8 and the horizontal steel plate 9. FIG. 11A is an example of a single cross bead 32B, and FIG. 11B is an example of a plurality of cross beads 32B.

(71) In the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section, although it depends on the height of the vertical steel plate 8, it is preferred to dispose the cross beads 32B extending across both the vertical steel plate 8 and the horizontal steel plate 9. However, the one-side bead 32A may be disposed on one of the vertical steel plate 8 and the horizontal steel plate 9. Also in the fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section, the stiffening beads 32 can be disposed under the same conditions as the lap fillet welded joint described in this embodiment.

(72) (Angle of the Stiffening Bead 32)

(73) The angle formed by the fillet bead 3 and the stiffening bead 32 is preferred to be substantially a right angle in terms of dynamics. Accordingly, in FIG. 4, the fillet bead 3 and the stiffening bead 32 are substantially at a right angle, but the angle formed by the fillet bead 3 and the stiffening bead 32 need not be substantially at a right angle. However, for the stiffening bead 32 to exhibit the function to increase stiffness of the steel plate and suppress bending, the angle needs to be 45 to 135. This is because the aforementioned function of the stiffening bead 32 decreases significantly when the angle is less than 45 or more than 135.

(74) (Length of the Stiffening Bead 32)

(75) As illustrated in FIG. 8, when the length of the stiffening bead 32 is short, the function to increase stiffness of the steel plate to improve fatigue strength of the welded joint cannot be exhibited sufficiently.

(76) Here, when the stiffening bead 32 is the one-side bead 32A, the length of the stiffening bead 32 is a length between a contact point 32a of the fillet bead 3 and the stiffening bead 32 and a melting end 32b of the stiffening bead 32 (see FIG. 4). Further, when the stiffening bead 32 is the cross bead 32B, the length of the stiffening bead 32 is the length of melting ends on both sides of the stiffening bead 32.

(77) According to results of an examination by the present inventors, it is necessary that the sum total l1 of lengths of stiffening beads 32 satisfies the following first condition (a1) so as to secure the function of the stiffening bead 32.
Sum total l1 of lengths of stiffening beads 32L0.5(a1)

(78) L: Length (mm) of fillet bead 3

(79) When the sum total l1 of lengths of stiffening beads 32 is less than L0.5, it does not sufficiently exhibit the function as the stiffening bead 32. The upper limit value of the sum total l1 of lengths of stiffening beads 32 is constrained by the shape and structure of a steel product produced by welding, and hence is not limited in particular. The first condition (a1) is applied to both the one-side bead 32A and the cross bead 32B. That is, regardless of the ratio of lengths of stiffening beads 32 of the upper steel plate 1 and the lower steel plate 2, satisfying the condition (a1) can suppress deformation of both the upper steel plate 1 and the lower steel plate 2 and enables improvement in fatigue strength of the welded portion.

(80) When a tensile load operates on the welded joint having a start edge and an end edge as illustrated in FIG. 2, stress concentration particularly in the start edge and the end edge of the welded portion increases. When a tensile load is inputted to the member, an even stress occurs in the plate width direction at a position separated from the welded portion. On the other hand, in the welded portion, the transmission range of the load is limited to a weld bead portion. Accordingly, stress concentration in the start edge and the end edge of the welded portion increases. Therefore, by disposing the stiffening bead 32 for another stiffening bead at positions close to the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead 3 (welded portion), a crack suppressing effect on the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead 3 increases. In particular, when the stiffening bead is disposed in the vicinity of start edge and the vicinity of end edge of the fillet bead 3, an effect to reduce the moment of bending generated by displacements of center axes of the upper steel plate 1 and the lower steel plate 2 as illustrated in FIG. 3 increases, and a crack occurring in the start edge or end edge of the fillet bead 3 can be suppressed.

(81) The present inventors examined the relation between a distance from the start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3 (welded portion) and the length of one stiffening bead 32. As a result, the inventors obtained knowledge that satisfying a second condition below allows obtaining the crack suppressing effect in the start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3 without satisfying the first condition (a1). Hereinafter, the second condition of the length of the stiffening bead 32 will be described.

(82) FIG. 12 is a plan view illustrating a test piece in which the stiffening beads 32 are formed in the vicinities of start and end edges of the fillet bead 3. The steel plates 1, 2 constituting the test piece illustrated in FIG. 12 are of the steel type corresponding to a steel type SP2 in Table 1 of an example, which will be described later. In FIG. 12, a fillet bead 3 having a length of 95 mm (L=95 mm) is disposed so that its center in the plate width direction becomes a center with respect to steel plates 1, 2 having a plate width of 110 mm, and thereafter the stiffening bead 32 is formed in each of the vicinity of start edge and the vicinity of end edge of the fillet bead 3 with the fillet bead 3 being a starting point. Note that a width Wf of the fillet bead 3 is 7.5 mm, and the distance between (the center position of bead width of) the stiffening bead 32 and a position of an edge closer to this stiffening bead 32 out of positions of start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3 is D. In FIG. 12, the distance from the position of start edge of the fillet bead 3 to the stiffening bead 32 is denoted by D1 and the distance from the position of end edge of the fillet bead 3 to the stiffening bead 32 is denoted by D2, but here these distances are both denoted by D.

(83) The present inventors evaluated the fatigue strength of the case where the stiffening bead 32 is formed in the vicinities of start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3 using this test piece. The rupture life under the condition that there is no stiffening bead 32 (test piece corresponding to the test piece symbol TP34 in Table 4 to Table 6 in the example which will be described later) was 382000 times with respect to a test load of 18 kN. Accordingly, the case of a rupture life that is 1.5 times or more of the rupture life is judged as good (), and other cases are judged as no good (X).

(84) FIG. 13 illustrates evaluation results of a test piece in which a length l2 of one stiffening bead 32 and the distance D between the stiffening bead 32 and the position of the edge closer to this stiffening bead 32 out of the positions of start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3 (distance from welding start and end edges) on such a test piece are used as indexes.

(85) In the case where the stiffening bead 32 is formed at positions (D=0 mm) of start and end edges of the fillet bead 3 and the case where the stiffening bead 32 is formed at the position (D=10 mm) where the distance D between the stiffening bead 32 and the position of the edge closer to this stiffening bead 32 out of the positions of start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3 is 10 mm, an effect that the fatigue life improves was obtained when the length l2 of one stiffening bead 32 is 15 mm or more. Since the width Wf of the fillet bead 3 is 7.5 mm, when the stiffening beads 32 are formed at the positions closer to the start and end edges of the fillet bead 3, a length of double or more of the width Wf of the fillet bead 3 is needed as the length l2 of one stiffening bead 32.

(86) On the other hand, when the distance D between the stiffening bead 32 and the position of the edge closer to this stiffening bead 32 out of the positions of start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3 is double or more of the width Wf of the fillet bead, it is necessary to increase the length of each stiffening bead 32 according to the increase of this distance D, and the effect that the fatigue life improves was obtained under the condition that the length l2 of one stiffening bead 32 is equal to or more than the distance D (l2D).

(87) From the above evaluation results, when the stiffening beads 32 are formed in the vicinities of start and end edges of the fillet bead 3, a favorable fatigue life can be obtained by setting the length l2 of one stiffening bead 32 to be equal to or more than the larger value out of 2Wf and D. That is, regarding the length of the stiffening beads 32 disposed in the vicinities of start and end edges of the fillet bead 3, it may be provided that the following second condition (a2) is satisfied instead of the first condition (a1).
Length l2 of one stiffening bead 32max {2Wf,D}(a2)

(88) Here, max{2Wf, D} refers to the larger value out of 2Wf and D.

(89) The second condition (a2) does not include the influence of the plate thickness of the steel plate, but by increasing the height h and the width w of the stiffening bead 32 according to an increase of the plate thickness t as explained in the condition which will be described later, a suppression effect of the fatigue crack by the stiffening bead 32 was obtained.

(90) Further, there is no special restriction in the range of the distance D between the stiffening bead 32 and the position of the edge closer to this stiffening bead 32 out of the positions of start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3. However, the shorter the distance D, the shorter the stiffening bead 32 which can suppress the crack in the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead 3. Accordingly, in view of efficiency in formation of the stiffening bead 32, the upper limit of this distance D is of the length L of the fillet bead

(91) As described above, when the stiffening bead 32 is formed within the range from the position of at least one of the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead 3 to the position separated therefrom by of the length of the fillet bead 3 along the direction in which the fillet bead 3 is formed, the stiffening bead 32 may be formed within the range satisfying the following second condition (a2) instead of the first condition (a1). The second condition (a2) applies to both the one-side bead 32A and the cross bead 32B.

(92) Note that there may be cases where the fatigue life of only one of the start edge portion and the end edge portion is a problem in an actual welded member depending on a state of the input load to the member. With respect to the welded member to which a load is inputted under this condition, the fatigue life improves by forming the stiffening bead in only one of the start edge (vicinity of the start edge) and the end edge (vicinity of the end edge).

(93) Further, when the stiffening bead 32 is disposed in the vicinities of start edge and end edge of the fillet bead 3 (within the range from the position of at least one of the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead 3 to the position separated therefrom by of the length L of the fillet bead 3 along the direction in which the fillet bead 3 is formed), the stiffening bead 32 may be formed within the aforementioned range so as to satisfy the first condition (a1) without satisfying the second condition (a2). That is, depending on the number and lengths of the stiffening beads 32 formed outside the range, the stiffening bead 32 formed within the range need not satisfy the second condition (a2).

(94) Further, when the stiffening bead 32 is formed within the aforementioned range under the second condition (a2) and the stiffening bead 32 is formed outside the range, it is provided that the sum total l of all the stiffening beads 32 including the stiffening bead 32 formed within the range under the second condition (a2) satisfies the first condition (a1).

(95) (Height of the Stiffening Bead 32)

(96) It is provided that a height h of the stiffening bead 32 satisfies the following condition (b).
Height h of the stiffening bead 32t/2(b)

(97) t: Thickness (mm) of the steel member on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed

(98) When the height h of the stiffening bead 32 is less than t/2 of a thickness t of the steel member on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed, it does not sufficiently exhibit the function as the stiffening bead 32. The larger the height h of the stiffening bead 32, the larger its effect, but naturally there is a limit to avoid strike through or melt down of the steel plate. Therefore, the height h of the stiffening bead 32 is, realistically, equal to or less than the thickness t of the steel member on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed. The height h of the stiffening bead 32 refers to the distance in a height direction between the surface (an area where no bead is formed) of the steel member on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed and the highest position of the stiffening bead 32.

(99) Note that when the stiffening bead 32 is the cross bead 32 B and plate thicknesses of a plurality of steel plates to be welded are different, it is provided that the requirement of (b) is satisfied in each steel plate. The same applies to the conditions below.

(100) (Width of the Stiffening Bead 32)

(101) It is provided that the width w of the stiffening bead 32 satisfies the following condition (c).
Width w of the stiffening bead 322.5t(c)

(102) t: Thickness (mm) of the steel member on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed

(103) When the width w of the stiffening bead 32 is less than 2.5t of the thickness t of the steel member on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed, it does not sufficiently exhibit the function as the stiffening bead 32. The upper limit of the width w of the stiffening bead 32 is not defined particularly, but similarly to the height h of the stiffening bead 32, it is necessary to form the stiffening bead 32 within the range that strike through or melt down of the steel plate does not occur. Thus, it is determined naturally in this view point.

(104) (The Number of Stiffening Beads 32 Formed with Respect to the Fillet Bead 3)

(105) It is preferred to dispose the stiffening bead 32 at least at one position in every 50t of the length L of the fillet bead 3 where t is the thickness of the steel member on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed. That is, when the length L of the fillet bead 3 exceeds 50t, it is preferred to form the plurality of stiffening beads 32.

(106) Therefore, it is desired that the number n of stiffening beads 32 formed on the fillet bead 3 having the length L satisfies the following condition (d).
L/n50t(d)

(107) n: Number of stiffening beads 32 formed on the fillet bead 3

(108) L: Length (mm) of the fillet beads 3

(109) t: Thickness (mm) of the steel member on which the stiffening bead 32 is formed

(110) (Thickness t of the Steel Member)

(111) The thickness t (plate thickness) of the steel member is not particularly limited. However, in this embodiment, as described above, out-of-plane deformation of a thin steel plate member by forming the stiffening bead 32 is suppressed to thereby improve the fatigue life of the welded portion. Accordingly, an improving effect of the fatigue life can be obtained easily in a welded member of thin steel plate than in a welded member of thick steel plate, and it is desired that the plate thickness of the steel plate (thickness t of the steel member) is equal to or less than 3.6 mm.

(112) Note that preferably the length L of the fillet bead 3 is 10t or more when two steel members are joined by fillet arc welding. This is because when the length L of the fillet bead 3 is less than 10t, the ratio of lengths of start and end edges of the fillet bead 3 to the joining length of the steel members increases, and sufficient joining strength cannot be secured.

(113) (Other Conditions)

(114) The arc welding conditions for forming the fillet bead 3 or forming the stiffening bead 32 or the composition of the welding wire used may be in accordance with ordinary methods, and are not limited to specific ones. However, it is preferred that, in terms of production, formation of the fillet bead 3 and formation of the stiffening bead 32 are performed sequentially using the same welding equipment. However, as long as the function to increase stiffness of the steel plate of the stiffening bead 32 is secured, the welding conditions of the both and the composition of the welding wire used may be different.

(115) The welded joint targeted in this embodiment may be a fillet welded joint formed by fillet arc welding and is not limited to any particular welded joint. However, preferred ones include a welded joint formed by overlapping a steel member and a steel member and fillet arc welding the steel members, and a welded joint formed by placing an end portion of a steel member on a surface of a steel member and fillet arc welding the end portion and the surface. Further, the welded joint targeted at this embodiment is not limited to welding of steel plates with each other. For example, the method of this embodiment can be applied to joints of steel plate members, steel pipes, and section steels which are press formed, as long as they have a plate thickness of approximately 3.6 mm or less.

(116) Further, in the welded joint, in order to form the stiffening bead overlapping on the fillet bead, it is necessary that there is an area where the stiffening bead can be formed with a required angle and a required length, height, and width in the vicinity of the welded joint. However, when the stiffening bead is formed across two steel members to be welded, the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead and the stiffening bead may be separated.

(117) Note that when the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate are overlapped, it is preferred that there is no gap between the both, but there may occur a gap of substantially 1 mm between the both in the course of carrying out the welding. In this embodiment, when there is a gap of about 1 mm between the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate, the function of the stiffening bead is not hindered, and occurrence of the fatigue crack is suppressed significantly.

(118) Further, the method of this embodiment can be applied also to metal members other than the steel member. For example, it is possible to apply the method of this embodiment to aluminum members or stainless members instead of the steel member. Further, the method of this embodiment can be applied also to metal members of different types.

EXAMPLES

(119) Next, examples of the present invention will be described. However, the conditions in the examples are of one conditional example employed for confirming applicability and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this one conditional example. The present invention can employ various conditions as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Example 1

(120) A fatigue test was performed using a test piece in which lap fillet arc welding was performed on thin steel plates, and effects of welded joints were verified. Component compositions of sample steel plates are illustrated in Table 1.

(121) [Table 1]

(122) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 STATIONARY PLATE STRENGTH CHEMICAL COMPOSITION STEEL THICKNESS YP TS EL (MASS %) TYPE (mm) (MPa) (MPa) (%) C Si Mn P S Al N O Ti SP1 3.4 320 475 39 0.15 0.3 0.8 0.02 0.004 0.04 0.003 0.002 SP2 2.6 560 800 21 0.11 1.2 2.1 0.01 0.004 0.05 0.004 0.003 0.05 SP3 1.2 550 650 25 0.12 0.4 1.5 0.02 0.004 0.03 0.003 0.002

(123) The test piece having the fillet bead illustrated in FIG. 2 was prepared and subjected to a fatigue test. With respect to the test piece illustrated in FIG. 2, a test piece in which the stiffening bead is disposed as illustrated in FIG. 4 was further prepared and subjected to a fatigue test.

(124) Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 2, two steel plates having a plate width of 60 mm were overlapped with an overlapping portion of 20 mm, and lap fillet arc welding was designed so that a moving distance of a welding torch is 40 mm, so as to prepare the test piece.

(125) Note that a melting portion widens at a moving edge of the welding torch, and thus the actual length of a fillet bead is slightly larger than a taught distance.

(126) Further, as illustrated in FIG. 4, one stiffening bead was disposed substantially perpendicular to the fillet bead in the center portion in a width direction of the test piece of FIG. 2, and a test was performed. The welding start point of the stiffening bead is a surface of the fillet bead, and the stiffening bead having a required length was formed on the lower steel plate. Note that the length of the stiffening bead is a length to the melting end of the stiffening bead with the contact point between the fillet bead and the stiffening bead being a starting point.

(127) The welding conditions are as follows.

(128) <Common Welding Conditions>

(129) Welding method: consumable electrode welding

(130) Welding power supply: DP350 (made by DAIHEN Corporation)

(131) Welding mode: DC-Pulse

(132) Welding posture: downward, horizontal

(133) Distance between chip steel plates (projecting length): 15 mm

(134) Shielding gas type: Ar+20% CO.sub.2

(135) Shielding gas flow rate: 20 L/min

(136) Welding wire: JIS 23312 YGW15 equivalent

(137) <Formation Condition of the Fillet Bead>

(138) Torch angle: standing angle 55 from the lower plate, angle of advance 0

(139) Target position: corner of the lap portion

(140) Welding rate: 40 cm/min

(141) Wire feeding rate: a value which does not cause an undercut is set to the upper steel plate (one example: 3.8/min (approximately 120 A, approximately 22V) in the case of a lap fillet arc welding of the upper steel plate having a plate thickness of 2.6 mm))

(142) <Conditions of Forming the Stiffening Bead>

(143) Torch angle: standing angle 90 from the steel plate, angle of advance 0

(144) Target position and welding direction: welding on the lower steel plate in a direction perpendicular to the fillet bead in the center in the width direction of the test piece with a welded metal surface of the fillet bead being a starting point

(145) Welding rate: 50 cm/min

(146) Wire feeding rate: same as the formation conditions of the fillet bead

(147) The test piece is held in an electrohydraulic fatigue test apparatus so that the toe portion of the lower steel plate of the prepared test piece becomes the center. Then, it is subjected to an axial tensile fatigue test with a load range being constant (constant stress range), a load ratio being 0.1, and a repetition frequency being 25 Hz. Note that for matching the axial center of the test apparatus, the test piece was held while placing an attached plate having the same plate thickness on the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate.

(148) Note that the load range in which the test piece on which no stiffening bead is formed breaks by 400,000 times was searched for in each steel plate in a prior test, and the number of breakages of the test piece on which no stiffening bead is formed is employed as a comparison reference of fatigue life in each steel plate.

(149) The welding conditions and fatigue characteristic evaluation results are illustrated in Table 2 and Table 3.

(150) In the invention examples TP4 to 15, a fatigue life improving percentage of 150% or more was obtained in comparative examples TP1 to 3 in which no stiffening bead is formed, but in comparative examples TP16 to 27, the stiffening bead did not satisfy the necessary condition and the fatigue life improving percentage was inferior to that of the invention examples.

(151) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 LENGTH OF HEIGHT OF LENGTH STIFFENING JUDGING HEIGHT STIFFENING JUDGING LENGTH OF BEAD WITH LENGTH OF BEAD WITH HEIGHT PLATE OF STIFF- RESPECT OF STIFF- RESPECT OF TEST THICK- FILLET ENING TO FILLET STIFF- ENING TO PLATE STIFF- PIECE STEEL NESS BEAD BEAD BEAD ENING BEAD THICKNESS ENING SYMBOL CATEGORY PLATE (mm) (mm) (mm) (%) BEAD (mm) (%) BEAD TP1 COMPARATIVE SP1 3.4 45.5 EXAMPLE TP2 COMPARATIVE SP2 2.6 44.0 EXAMPLE TP3 COMPARATIVE SP3 1.2 42.5 EXAMPLE TP4 INVENTION SP1 3.4 45.5 23 51 2.2 65 EXAMPLE TP5 INVENTION SP1 3.4 45.5 34 75 2.1 62 EXAMPLE TP6 INVENTION SP1 3.4 45.5 44 97 2.2 65 EXAMPLE TP7 INVENTION SP1 3.4 45.5 54 119 2.3 68 EXAMPLE TP8 INVENTION SP2 2.6 44.0 22 50 1.7 65 EXAMPLE TP9 INVENTION SP2 2.6 44.0 33 75 1.6 62 EXAMPLE TP10 INVENTION SP2 2.6 44.0 43 98 1.7 65 EXAMPLE TP11 INVENTION SP2 2.6 44.0 53 120 1.8 69 EXAMPLE TP12 INVENTION SP3 1.2 42.5 22 52 0.9 75 EXAMPLE TP13 INVENTION SP3 1.2 42.5 32 75 0.8 67 EXAMPLE TP14 INVENTION SP3 1.2 42.5 42 99 0.8 67 EXAMPLE TP15 INVENTION SP3 1.2 42.5 52 122 0.9 75 EXAMPLE TP16 COMPARATIVE SP1 3.4 45.5 54 119 1.8 53 EXAMPLE TP17 COMPARATIVE SP2 2.6 44.0 32 73 1.4 54 EXAMPLE TP18 COMPARATIVE SP3 1.2 42.5 23 54 0.8 67 EXAMPLE TP19 COMPARATIVE SP1 3.4 45.5 24 53 1.5 44 x EXAMPLE TP20 COMPARATIVE SP2 2.6 44.0 53 120 1.2 46 x EXAMPLE TP21 COMPARATIVE SP3 1.2 42.5 31 73 0.5 42 x EXAMPLE TP22 COMPARATIVE SP1 3.4 45.5 35 77 1.2 35 x EXAMPLE TP23 COMPARATIVE SP2 2.6 44.0 23 52 1.0 38 x EXAMPLE TP24 COMPARATIVE SP3 1.2 42.5 51 120 0.5 42 x EXAMPLE TP25 COMPARATIVE SP1 3.4 45.5 22 48 x 2.2 65 EXAMPLE TP26 COMPARATIVE SP2 2.6 44.0 21 48 x 1.8 69 EXAMPLE TP27 COMPARATIVE SP3 1.2 42.5 20 47 x 1.0 83 EXAMPLE

(152) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 WIDTH OF STIFFENING TEST PIECE BEAD WITH FATIGUE SYMBOL AS WIDTH OF RESPECT JUDGING TEST FATIGUE LIFE REFERENCE OF TEST STIFFENING TO PLATE WIDTH OF LOAD FATIGUE IMPROVING CALCULATING PIECE BEAD THICKNESS STIFFENING RANGE LIFE PERCENTAGE IMPROVING SYMBOL CATEGORY (mm) (%) BEAD (kN) (TIMES) (%) PERCENTAGE TP1 COMPARATIVE 8.5 398000 EXAMPLE TP2 COMPARATIVE 10 392000 EXAMPLE TP3 COMPARATIVE 4.5 408000 EXAMPLE TP4 INVENTION 9.4 276 8.5 620000 156 TP1 EXAMPLE TP5 INVENTION 9.6 282 8.5 899000 226 TP1 EXAMPLE TP6 INVENTION 9.8 288 8.5 1140000 286 TP1 EXAMPLE TP7 INVENTION 9.5 279 8.5 1820000 457 TP1 EXAMPLE TP8 INVENTION 6.8 262 10.0 591000 151 TP2 EXAMPLE TP9 INVENTION 6.7 258 10.0 888000 227 TP2 EXAMPLE TP10 INVENTION 6.8 262 10.0 1130000 288 TP2 EXAMPLE TP11 INVENTION 6.9 265 10.0 1760000 449 TP2 EXAMPLE TP12 INVENTION 3.2 267 4.5 612000 150 TP3 EXAMPLE TP13 INVENTION 3.3 275 4.5 878000 215 TP3 EXAMPLE TP14 INVENTION 3.1 258 4.5 1160000 284 TP3 EXAMPLE TP15 INVENTION 3.2 267 4.5 1790000 439 TP3 EXAMPLE TP16 COMPARATIVE 7.5 221 x 8.5 571000 143 TP1 EXAMPLE TP17 COMPARATIVE 5.2 200 x 10.0 479000 122 TP2 EXAMPLE TP18 COMPARATIVE 2.5 208 x 4.5 428000 105 TP3 EXAMPLE TP19 COMPARATIVE 8.9 262 8.5 425000 107 TP1 EXAMPLE TP20 COMPARATIVE 6.8 262 10.0 581000 148 TP2 EXAMPLE TP21 COMPARATIVE 3.2 267 4.5 518000 127 TP3 EXAMPLE TP22 COMPARATIVE 7.0 206 x 8.5 444000 112 TP1 EXAMPLE TP23 COMPARATIVE 4.8 185 x 10.0 406000 104 TP2 EXAMPLE TP24 COMPARATIVE 2.2 183 x 4.5 523000 128 TP3 EXAMPLE TP25 COMPARATIVE 9.6 279 8.5 581000 146 TP1 EXAMPLE TP26 COMPARATIVE 7.3 281 10.0 548000 140 TP2 EXAMPLE TP27 COMPARATIVE 3.1 258 4.5 553000 136 TP3 EXAMPLE

Example 2

(153) Test pieces were further prepared by forming the stiffening bead on the test piece illustrated in FIG. 2 in the modes illustrated in FIG. 9A to FIG. 9E, and were subjected to the fatigue test.

(154) TP28 to 33, 39 are examples in which a single stiffening bead is disposed, one-side beads in TP28 to 30, 39 correspond to the mode of FIG. 9A (angle is at 90 degrees in TP39), and cross beads in TP31 to 33 correspond to the mode of FIG. 9B. Further, TP36 to 38 are examples in which a plurality of stiffening beads are disposed, and TP36 corresponds to the mode of FIG. 9C, TP37 to the mode of FIG. 9D, and TP38 to the mode of FIG. 9E. TP34, 35 correspond to the mode of FIG. 2, in which the fillet bead is disposed without disposing the stiffening bead.

(155) Upon preparing each test piece, the target position of the stiffening bead and the welding direction were as in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9E, and besides that, it was prepared under the same condition as example 1. In TP36 to 38, welding conditions are described for each stiffening bead.

(156) Welding conditions and fatigue characteristic evaluation results are illustrated in Table 4 to Table 6.

(157) In the invention examples, a fatigue life improving percentage over 200% was obtained with respect to the test piece on which no stiffening bead is formed. In the field of judging the stiffening bead length in Table 3, is added when the above-described first condition (a1) is satisfied.

(158) In TP28 to 33 and TP36 to 38, L (length of fillet bead)/n (number of stiffening beads) is small as compared to 50t (t: steel thickness), but in TP39, L/n is large as compared to 50t. Accordingly, the fatigue life improving percentage of TP39 was approximately 161%.

(159) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 LENGTH LENGTH ANGLE OF OF OF STIFF- STIFF- SUM OF STIFF- JUDGING ENING ENING LENGTHS PLATE LENGTH ENING ANGLE BEAD BEAD OF THICK- L OF BEAD WITH OF OF OF STIFF- TEST TYPE OF NESS FILLET RESPECT STIFF- LOWER UPPER ENING PIECE STIFFENING STEEL t BEAD TO FILLET ENING PLATE PLATE BEADS SYMBOL CATEGORY BEAD PLATE (mm) (mm) BEAD BEAD (mm) (mm) (mm) TP28 INVENTION ONE-SIDE BEAD SP2 2.6 45.5 60 43 43 TP29 INVENTION ONE-SIDE BEAD SP1 3.4 44.2 130 54 54 TP30 COMPARISON ONE-SIDE BEAD SP2 2.6 45.2 25 x 32 32 TP31 INVENTION CROSS BEAD SP2 2.6 45.5 90 21 15 36 TP32 INVENTION CROSS BEAD SP2 2.6 45.2 90 32 25 57 TP33 INVENTION CROSS BEAD SP3 1.2 45.1 90 32 33 65 TP34 COMPARISON NO STIFFENING SP2 2.6 95.4 BEAD TP35 COMPARISON NO STIFFENING SP3 1.2 95.2 BEAD TP36 INVENTION CROSS BEAD(1) SP2 2.6 95.2 90 25 25 50 CROSS BEAD(2) 2.6 95.2 90 30 25 55 TP37 INVENTION ONE-SIDE BEAD(1) SP2 2.6 95.4 90 35 35 ONE-SIDE BEAD(2) 2.6 95.4 90 32 32 TP38 INVENTION CROSS BEAD(1) SP3 1.2 95.1 90 26 25 51 ONE-SIDE BEAD(2) 1.2 95.1 90 25 25 ONE-SIDE BEAD(3) 1.2 95.1 90 25 25 CROSS BEAD(4) 1.2 95.1 90 26 24 50 TP39 INVENTION ONE-SIDE BEAD SP3 1.2 95.2 90 65 65

(160) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 SUM OF LENGTH OF LENGTHS OF STIFFENING STIFFENING RATIO OF BEAD WITH BEADS WITH HEIGHT OF RESPECT RESPECT JUDGING HEIGHT OF STIFFENING JUDGING TEST TO FILLET TO FILLET LENGTH OF STIFFENING BEAD HEIGHT OF PIECE BEAD BEAD STIFFENING BEAD TO PLATE STIFFENING SYMBOL CATEGORY (%) (%) BEAD (mm) THICKNESS BEAD TP28 INVENTION 95 95 1.9 73 TP29 INVENTION 122 122 2.2 65 TP30 COMPARISON 71 71 1.8 69 TP31 INVENTION 79 79 1.7 65 TP32 INVENTION 126 126 1.9 73 TP33 INVENTION 144 144 1.1 92 TP34 COMPARISON TP35 COMPARISON TP36 INVENTION 53 110 1.7 65 58 1.9 73 TP37 INVENTION 37 70 1.8 69 34 1.9 73 TP38 INVENTION 54 159 1.8 150 26 1.6 133 26 1.7 142 53 1.5 125 TP39 INVENTION 68 68 1.7 142

(161) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 TEST PIECE RATIO OF SYMBOL AS WIDTH OF REFERENCE WIDTH STIFF- OF OF ENING JUDGING FATIGUE CALCULATING STIFF- BEAD WIDTH OF FATIGUE LIFE FATIGUE TEST ENING TO PLATE STIFF- TEST FATIGUE IMPROVING LIFE PIECE BEAD THICK- ENING LOAD LIFE PERCENTAGE IMPROVING SYMBOL CATEGORY (mm) NESS BEAD L/n 50t (kN) (TIMES) (%) PERCENTAGE TP28 INVENTION 7.1 273 45.5 130 10 991000 253 TP2 TP29 INVENTION 9.4 276 44.2 170 8.5 1520360 382 TP1 TP30 COMPARISON 7.3 281 45.2 130 10 478240 122 TP2 TP31 INVENTION 6.8 262 45.5 130 10 866320 221 TP2 TP32 INVENTION 7.2 277 45.2 130 10 1952160 498 TP2 TP33 INVENTION 3.8 317 45.1 60 4.5 1864560 457 TP3 TP34 COMPARISON 18 382000 TP35 COMPARISON 8.5 379000 TP36 INVENTION 6.9 265 47.6 130 18 1619680 424 TP34 7.2 277 TP37 INVENTION 7.1 273 47.7 130 18 844220 221 TP34 7.2 277 TP38 INVENTION 3.7 308 23.775 60 8.5 1826780 482 TP35 3.5 292 3.5 292 3.8 317 TP39 INVENTION 3.5 292 95.2 60 8.5 610190 161 TP34

Example 3

(162) In a fillet welded joint having a T-shaped cross section formed by a vertical steel plate and a horizontal steel plate, the test piece in which the fillet bead is formed only on one side of the corner and a test piece on which the stiffening bead is further formed across the fillet bead on this test piece were prepared and subjected to the fatigue test.

(163) TP41 is an example in which a single stiffening bead is disposed and corresponds to the mode of FIG. 10A, and TP42 is an example on which the stiffening bead is disposed on both end portions of the fillet bead and corresponds to the mode of FIG. 10B.

(164) Upon preparing each test piece, the shape of the joint, the target position of the stiffening bead, and the mode of forming the stiffening bead were as in FIG. 10, and besides that, it was prepared under the same condition as example 1. In TP42, welding conditions are described for each stiffening bead.

(165) Welding conditions and fatigue characteristic evaluation results are illustrated in Table 7 and Table 8.

(166) In the invention examples of TP41, 42, a fatigue life improving percentage over 500% was obtained with respect to the comparative example TP40 on which no stiffening bead is formed.

(167) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 ANGLE OF LENGTH STIFFENING OF BEAD WITH JUDGING TEST TYPE OF PLATE FILLET RESPECT TO ANGLE OF PIECE STIFFENING STEEL THICKNESS BEAD FILLET STIFFENING SYMBOL CATEGORY BEAD PLATE (mm) (mm) BEAD BEAD TP40 COMPARISON NO STIFFENING BEAD SP2 2.6 45.2 TP41 INVENTION CROSS BEAD SP2 2.6 45.1 90 TP42 INVENTION CROSS BEAD(1) SP2 2.6 45.3 90 CROSS BEAD(2) 2.6 45.2 90 SUM OF LENGTH OF LENGTHS OF LENGTH OF LENGTH OF STIFFENING STIFFENING STIFFENING STIFFENING SUM OF BEADS WITH BEADS WITH BEAD OF BEAD OF LENGTHS OF RESPECT TO RESPECT TO JUDGING TEST LOWER VERTICAL STIFFENING FILLET FILLET LENGTH OF PIECE PLATE PLATE BEADS BEAD BEAD STIFFENING SYMBOL CATEGORY (mm) (mm) (mm) (%) (%) BEAD TP40 COMPARISON TP41 INVENTION 32 35 67 149 149 TP42 INVENTION 27 32 59 130 267 27 35 62 137

(168) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 (Example 4) RATIO OF RATIO OF WIDTH OF HEIGHT OF BEAD JUDGING WIDTH OF STIFFENING TEST STIFFENING HEIGHT HEIGHT OF STIFFENING BEAD PIECE BEAD TO PLATE STIFFENING BEAD TO PLATE SYMBOL CATEGORY (mm) THICKNESS BEAD (mm) THICKNESS TP40 COMPARISON TP41 INVENTION 1.1 42 3.8 146 TP42 INVENTION 1.7 65 6.9 265 1.9 73 7.2 277 TEST PIECE SYMBOL AS FATIGUE REFERENCE OF JUDGING FATIGUE LIFE CALCULATING TEST WIDTH OF TEST FATIGUE IMPROVING FATIGUE LIFE PIECE STIFFENING LOAD LIFE PERCENTAGE IMPROVING SYMBOL CATEGORY BEAD (kN) (TIMES) (%) PERCENTAGE TP40 COMPARISON 1 354000 TP41 INVENTION 4.5 1819560 514 TP40 TP42 INVENTION 18 2237280 632 TP40

(169) Test pieces were further prepared by forming the stiffening bead on the test piece illustrated in FIG. 2 in the modes illustrated in FIG. 9F to FIG. 9I, and were subjected to the fatigue test.

(170) TP43 to 47 are examples in which a plurality of stiffening beads are disposed, TP43 corresponds to the mode of FIG. 9F, TP44 to the mode of FIG. 9G, TP45, 47 to the mode of FIG. 9H, and TP46 to the mode of FIG. 9I. TP34 is the same as that illustrated in Table 4 to Table 6.

(171) Upon preparing each test piece, the target position of the stiffening bead and the welding direction were as in FIG. 9F to FIG. 9I, and besides that, it was prepared under the same condition as example 3. In TP43 to 47, welding conditions are described for each stiffening bead.

(172) Welding conditions and fatigue characteristic evaluation results are illustrated in Table 9 and Table 10. In the field of judging the stiffening bead length (first condition) in Table 10, is added when the above-described first condition (a1) is satisfied. Further, in the field of judging the stiffening bead length (second condition) in Table 9, is added when the above-described second condition (a2) is satisfied.

(173) In TP43 to TP47, in the vicinity of start edge and the vicinity of end edge of the fillet bead, a stiffening bead having a length less than of the length L of the fillet bead is formed. In TP43 to 46, the stiffening bead is formed so as to satisfy the above-described second condition (a2) within the range from a position of the start edge and the end edge of the fillet bead to a position separated therefrom by of a length L of the fillet bead along the direction in which the fillet bead is formed. In the invention examples of TP43 to 46, a fatigue life improving percentage of 150% or more was obtained with respect to the comparative example TP34 on which no stiffening bead is formed. On the other hand, in the comparative example of TP47, the stiffening bead does not satisfy the above-described second condition (a2), and the fatigue life improving percentage was inferior to that of the invention examples.

(174) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 ANGLE OF STIFFENING LENGTH OF BEAD WITH JUDGING TEST TYPE OF PLATE FILLET RESPECT ANGLE OF PIECE STIFFENING STEEL THICKNESS BEAD TO FILLET STIFFENING SYMBOL CATEGORY BEAD PLATE (mm) (mm) BEAD BEAD TP34 COMPARISON NO STIFFENING BEAD SP2 2.6 95.4 TP43 INVENTION ONE-SIDE BEAD(1) SP2 2.6 95.4 90 ONE-SIDE BEAD(2) 2.6 95.4 90 TP44 INVENTION CROSS BEAD(1) SP2 2.6 95.2 90 CROSS BEAD(2) 2.6 95.2 90 TP45 INVENTION ONE-SIDE BEAD(1) SP2 2.6 95.4 90 ONE-SIDE BEAD(2) 2.6 95.4 90 TP46 INVENTION CROSS BEAD(1) SP2 2.6 95.1 90 ONE-SIDE BEAD(2) 2.6 95.1 90 ONE-SIDE BEAD(3) 2.6 95.1 90 CROSS BEAD(4) 2.6 95.1 90 TP47 COMPARISON ONE-SIDE BEAD(1) SP2 2.6 95.4 90 ONE-SIDE BEAD(2) 2.6 95.4 90 DISTANCE LENGTH OF LENGTH OF SUM OF FROM WIDTH JUDGING STIFFENING STIFFENING LENGTHS FILLET Wf NECESSARY LENGTH OF BEAD OF BEAD OF OF BEAD OF LENGTH OF STIFFENING TEST LOWER UPPER STIFFENING START AND FILLET STIFFENING BEAD PIECE PLATE PLATE BEADS END EDGES BEAD BEAD (SECOND SYMBOL CATEGORY (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) CONDITION) TP34 COMPARISON TP43 INVENTION 21 21 0 7.2 14.4 21 21 0 7.2 14.4 TP44 INVENTION 16 5 21 10 7.5 15 16 5 21 10 7.5 15 TP45 INVENTION 20 20 18 7.5 18 20 20 18 7.5 18 TP46 INVENTION 18 15 33 0 7.6 15.2 25 25 30 7.6 30 x 25 25 30 7.6 30 x 18 15 33 0 7.6 15.2 TP47 COMPARISON 18 18 20 7.5 20 x 18 18 20 7.5 20 x

(175) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 SUM OF LENGTH OF LENGTHS OF STIFFENING STIFFENING JUDGING RATIO OF BEAD WITH BEADS WITH LENGTH OF HEIGHT HEIGHT OF RESPECT RESPECT STIFFENING OF STIFFENING JUDGING WIDTH OF TEST TO FILLET TO FILLET BEAD STIFFENING BEAD HEIGHT OF STIFFENING PIECE BEAD BEAD (FIRST BEAD TO PLATE STIFFENING BEAD SYMBOL CATEGORY (%) (%) CONDITION) (mm) THICKNESS BEAD (mm) TP34 COMPARISON TP43 INVENTION 22 44 x 1.8 69 7.1 22 1.9 73 7.2 TP44 INVENTION 22 44 x 1.7 65 6.9 22 1.9 73 7.2 TP45 INVENTION 21 42 x 1.8 69 7.1 21 1.9 73 7.2 TP46 INVENTION 35 122 1.8 69 3.7 26 1.6 62 3.5 26 1.7 65 3.5 35 1.5 58 3.8 TP47 COMPARISON 19 38 x 1.8 69 7.1 19 1.9 73 7.2 RATIO FATIGUE TEST PIECE SYMBOL OF BEAD JUDGING FATIGUE LIFE AS REFERENCE OF TEST WIDTH WIDTH OF TEST FATIGUE IMPROVING CALCULATING PIECE TO PLATE STIFFENING LOAD LIFE PERCENTAGE FATIGUE LIFE SYMBOL CATEGORY THICKNESS BEAD (kN) (TIMES) (%) IMPROVING PERCENTAGE TP34 COMPARISON 18 382000 TP43 INVENTION 273 18 767820 201 TP34 277 TP44 INVENTION 265 18 721980 189 TP34 277 TP45 INVENTION 273 18 748720 196 TP34 277 TP46 INVENTION 142 18 1069600 280 TP34 135 135 146 TP47 COMPARISON 273 18 504240 132 TP34 277

(176) It should be noted that all of the above-described embodiments of the present invention merely illustrate examples of implementing the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not to be construed in a restrictive manner by these embodiments. That is, the present invention may be implemented in various forms without departing from the technical spirit or main features thereof.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(177) The present invention is highly applicable in machine industry as well as welding industry of metal members such as steel plates.