Formwork system

Abstract

A formwork system (10; 60), especially for tunnel construction, includes at least one support arrangement (14) for supporting at least one formwork element (16-26; 72-78). The formwork system further includes at least one concrete pump (36), a plurality of concrete supply units (42) for supply to the formwork element and at least one controller (32). On the formwork element (16-26; 72-78) and/or on the support arrangement (14) at least two pressure sensors (44; 92) are disposed at different vertical positions and are connected to the controller (32) of the formwork system, which pressure sensors (44; 92) are designed to measure the pressure acting upon the formwork elements (16-26; 72-78) at a minimum of two different heights of the formwork element, and that the controller (32) is designed to control the concrete supply units (42) individually, dependent on the signal from the pressure sensors (44; 92).

Claims

1. A formwork system for tunnel construction, comprising: at least one support arrangement for supporting at least one formwork element, the formwork system further comprising at least one concrete pump, a plurality of concrete feeders to the at least one formwork element and at least one control unit, at least two pressure sensors arranged at vertically different positions on the at least one formwork element or on the support arrangement to measure a pressure acting on the at least one formwork element at at least two different heights of the formwork element, the at least one control unit is connected to a control unit of the formwork system and controls the concrete feeders individually as a function of a signal of the at least two pressure sensors, and wherein the at least one support arrangement has at least one hydraulic support beam for supporting the at least one formwork element, the control unit also directly controls support pressure on the at least one hydraulic support beam as a function of pressure values measured with the at least two pressure sensors, and wherein the at least one control unit is connected to at least one vibrator, the at least one vibrator being integrated into the at least one formwork element and the control unit can individually control a single vibrator dependent on values of the at least two pressure sensors in order to achieve selective compacting of poured concrete in different areas of a tunnel wall, the tunnel wall being directly connected to the at least one formwork element by the poured concrete filling an empty space between the at least one formwork element and the tunnel wall, thereby ensuring a concrete quality of the poured concrete filling the empty space with a highest possible homogeneity over the tunnel wall, wherein the at least one support arrangement contains the at least one hydraulic support beam to support the formwork elements with a specified pressure against the poured concrete.

2. The formwork system according to claim 1, wherein the at least two pressure sensors are arranged at connecting points between the at least one support beam and the at least one formwork element.

3. The formwork system according to claim 1, wherein the at least two pressure sensors are arranged distributed over the at least one formwork element.

4. The formwork system according to claim 1, wherein the at least two pressure sensors are arranged between the at least one formwork element and the at least one hydraulic support beam.

5. The formwork system according to claim 1, further comprising a shuttering system, including a plurality of jogging devices arranged at different points of a shuttering element, and the control unit controls the jogging devices individually as a function of signals of the at least two pressure sensors.

6. The formwork system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one vibrating device is arranged in a concrete feed.

7. The formwork system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit controls a concrete pump as a function of signals of the at least two pressure sensors.

8. The formwork system according to claim 7, wherein the concrete pump is connected to the concrete feeders via at least one distributor device output means in response to the signals from the at least two pressure sensors.

9. The formwork system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit has a screen for displaying the formwork elements and the pressure values measured there.

10. The formwork system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formwork system has at least four formwork elements, which are supported against the support arrangement by at least four supporting cylinders.

11. The formwork system according to claim 10, wherein the at least four formwork elements are curved and form a formwork for a tunnel vault.

12. The formwork system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of support arrangements, arranged horizontally one behind the other, with their own formwork elements, and that the control unit controls a pressurization of the formwork elements of the plurality of individual support arrangements as a function of the pressure values of the at least two pressure sensors.

13. A method for building a concrete wall with the formwork system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: applying pressure on the at least one formwork element; controlling the at least two pressure sensors; and controlling at least one concrete pump and the concrete feeders as a function of the signals of the at least two pressure sensors.

14. The method according to claim 13, whereby at least one vibrating device is controlled as a function of the signals of the at least two pressure sensors.

15. The method according to claim 13, whereby at least one distributor device is controlled between the concrete feeds as a function of the signals of the at least two pressure sensors.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is described in the following based on examples with reference to the schematic drawings, which show the following:

(2) FIG. 1 is a front view of the tunnel formwork system according to the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a cross section II-II from FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a view according to FIG. 1 with a controller of vibration devices;

(5) FIG. 4 is a view according to FIG. 1 with a differential level controller;

(6) FIG. 5 is a view according to FIG. 1 with an individual controller of concrete supply units;

(7) FIG. 6 is a controller according to FIG. 1 with central detection and analysis of pressure sensors;

(8) FIG. 7 is a view VII from FIG. 1;

(9) FIG. 8 is a front view of a second embodiment of a formwork system according to the invention for the manufacture of flat walls; and

(10) FIG. 9 is a view from above of the formwork system according to FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(11) FIG. 1 shows a tunnel formwork system 10, according to the invention, that is located within an opened up tunnel crown 12. The tunnel formwork system 10 according to the invention is made up of a support arrangement 14 for supporting a formwork 15, which includes mutually pin-connected formwork elements 16-26, whose outer side is slightly arched and is oriented to the tunnel crown 12. Between the outer side of the formwork elements 16-26 and the tunnel crown or tunnel wall 12 an empty space 28 is formed, which is filled with concrete 13. The support arrangement 14 contains hydraulic support beams 30 to support the formwork elements 16-26 with a specified pressure against the poured concrete 13. The formwork system 10, according to the invention, is controlled by a central controller 32, which preferably has a monitor 34 for depicting the formwork system and the corresponding measured values. The formwork system 10 further includes a concrete pump 36 with a distribution device 38 and concrete pipes 40, which lead to the single concrete supply units 42, which are depicted in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 5. The central controller 32 is connected to pressure sensors 44, and also to temperature sensors or ultrasonic sensors 46, which measure both the pressure acting on the formwork elements 16-26 due to the poured concrete and the temperature of the concrete, in order to provide information to the central controller 32, both about the density and fill level of the concrete in the space between the outer side of the formwork elements 16-26 and the tunnel wall 12 and also about the chemical reaction during setting of the concrete, which chemical reaction is accompanied by heat generation or a change in the density. By measuring the temperature or the density it is therefore possible to determine with accuracy the progress of the setting reaction. For this purpose the controller is optionally connected to a concrete analysis device 48, which for example analyzes the setting behavior of a concrete sample and also possibly of its strength, in order to draw inferences about the strength of the concrete between the formwork elements 16-26 and the tunnel wall.

(12) The controller 32 is of course connected to the concrete pump 36 and also to the distribution device 38. Further, the controller preferably has a USB interface 50, and a wireless interface 52, such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.

(13) Due to the measurement of the temperature, density and pressure conditions depicted in FIG. 1 it is possible for the formwork system to control the single concrete supply units 42 and/or the hydraulic supports 30 so that the concrete flows and is compacted in a desired manner and also in accordance with the specified pressure conditions, in order to ensure the desired quality of the concrete formwork.

(14) FIG. 3 likewise shows the formwork system 10 of FIG. 1, here depicting the connection of the central controller 32 to the vibrators 54. The central controller 32 can individually control the single vibrators 54 dependent on the sensor values, in order to achieve selective compacting of the concrete in different areas of the tunnel wall 12, therefore ensuring a concrete quality with the highest possible homogeneity over the entire tunnel wall 12.

(15) FIG. 4 shows the connection of the central controller 32 with differential level sensors 56, which for example can be pressure sensors, optical sensors, thermal sensors, ultrasonic sensors or chemical sensors. These differential level sensors 56 are distributed evenly over the outer side of the formwork elements 16-26. In this way it is easily possible to measure a different fill height h1, h2 of the concrete 13 on both sides of the tunnel wall and, through individual control of the concrete supply units 42 and vibrators 54, to ensure that the fill level is even and regular on both sides.

(16) FIG. 5 shows the connection of the central controller 32 to the single concrete supply units 42. Through control of the concrete pump 36 and of the distribution device 38 and other distribution elements not depicted, such as shut-off valves, it is possible to supply the concrete selectively to the single concrete supply units 42 in order to achieve a homogeneous concrete supply. Ideally the concrete is supplied via the relatively evenly distributed concrete supply units 42 in combination with corresponding actuation of the vibration devices 54 of FIG. 3.

(17) FIG. 6 shows the connection of the central controller 32 to pressure sensors 58, which extend evenly over the upper section of the tunnel formwork, i.e. over the upper formwork elements 20-24, so that due to this arrangement of pressure sensors 58 it can be verified whether the concrete 13 between the tunnel wall 12 and the outer side of the formwork elements 16-26 is in fact completely filled, which finds expression in corresponding pressure values. These pressure sensors can also be embodied as hydraulic cylinders, which deliver controllable support pressure for the formwork elements. These pressure sensors 58 can therefore also be used for pressure control of the support pressure of the formwork elements 20 to 24.

(18) Finally, FIG. 7 shows a top view of the formwork system according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1-6, however in an isolated view, i.e. not in operating position in a tunnel crown 12.

(19) FIG. 8 shows a formwork system 60 for producing straight walls. The formwork system 60 comprises a support arrangement 62, a central controller 32 with a display 34, a concrete pump 36, possibly a distribution device, which is not depicted, optionally a concrete analysis device 48 and a plurality of flat formwork elements 72-78, which are disposed one above the other and side by side in order to form a wall of the desired size. The controller is connected by means of a first control line 80 to concrete supply units 82. By means of a second control line 84 the controller 32 is connected to a temperature sensor or ultrasonic sensor 86. By means of a third control line 88 and a fourth control line 90 the controller 32 is connected to pressure sensors 92. In this way the central controller 32 measures the pressure conditions and also the temperature conditions on the side of the formwork 71 facing the concrete 13, which side consists of the single formwork elements 72-78.

(20) FIG. 9 shows the formwork system 60 of FIG. 8 in top view. It should be noted that identical or functionally equivalent elements are designated in the figures with identical reference marks.

(21) The invention can deviate from the depicted embodiment, which therefore should not be understood as limiting the subject matter of the invention. The invention can be varied as desired within the scope of protection of the following claims.

REFERENCE LIST

(22) 10 tunnel formwork system 12 tunnel walltunnel crown 13 concrete layer 14 support arrangement 15 formwork 16-26 formwork elements 28 empty space 30 support cylinder/support beam 32 central controller 34 display 36 concrete pump 38 distribution device 40 concrete pipes 42 concrete supply units for supply to the formwork 44 pressure sensors 46 temperature sensor/ultrasonic sensors 48 concrete analysis device 50 USB or other interface 52 Wi-Fi or WLAN transmitter 54 vibrator 56 sensors 58 pressure sensors 60 formwork system for flat walls 71 flat formwork 80 first control line 82 concrete supply unit 84 second control line 86 temperature sensor/ultrasonic sensor 88 third control line 90 fourth control line 92 pressure sensor